identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CD8782FF9AFF92FE3F11E872FF8F87.text	03CD8782FF9AFF92FE3F11E872FF8F87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laparocerus edaphicus Machado 2008	<div><p>Laparocerus edaphicus n. sp.</p><p>(Figures 1 and 2)</p><p>Measurements of holotype (♂)</p><p>Length. Total 4.35 mm, head 0.88 mm, rostrum 0.44 mm, scape 0.86 mm, funicle 0.78 mm, articles (1 st /2 nd /3 rd /4 th) 0.20/0.20/0.09/ 0.10 mm, club 0.36 mm, eyes 0.20, pronotum 1.00 mm, elytra 2.95 mm, tibiae (pro-/meso-/meta-) 0.98/0.88/ 1.08 mm.</p><p>Width. Head (at eye level) 0.56 mm, frons 0.36 mm, rostrum (with pterygia) 0.52 mm, rostrum (minimum dorsal/ventral) 0.28/ 0.46 mm, rostrum (base) 0.38 mm, scape 0.12 mm, club 0.18 mm, pronotum (anterior/maximum/posterior) 0.84/1.18/ 1.04 mm and elytra (maximum) 1.65 mm.</p><p>Height. Abdomen 1.20 mm.</p><p>Description of male</p><p>A small fusiform Laparocerus (length without rostrum: 3.9–4.3 mm); colour piceousbrown with legs lighter and more reddish. Integument shiny, conspicuously punctured, devoid of scales cover, with inconspicuous flavescent pilosity. Antennae short, robust: scape shorter than length of pronotum, slightly sinuate, capitate at apical third; funicle shorter than scape, article 1–2 equal, 3–7 short, subglobular (5–7 slightly transverse); club very thick, longer than the three previous articles combined. Head cone-shaped, with broad pregenae; eyes small, flattened (convexity=10%), situated near border of frons, 0.55×as long as frons width (Figure 2E). Rostrum longer than broad, constricted before insertion of antennae, clearly narrower dorsally than ventrally, pregenae robust and conspicuous; pterygia salient; prorostrum convergent apicad, without punctures (base of antennae completely exposed); epistomal keel complete; metarostrum slightly V-canaliculate; frontal fovea rhombiform and short; dorsal integument isodiametrically microreticulate, with separate irregular punctures (excluded vertex, almost smooth) beset with small hairy scales. Pronotum slightly transverse (L/ W=0.84), 0.34×length of elytra, sides moderately curved, widest at middle, narrower anteriorly, not rimmed at base; integument shiny with very conspicuous large foveiform punctures and some micro-punctures, distributed separately and irregularly, more dense on flanks; large punctures beset with a thin hairy scale (if not abraded); median line vague, a smooth area devoid of punctures laterally on disc. Scutellum small, broad-triangular, punctured. Elytra oblong-elongate (L/ W=1.8) subparallel or smoothly curved; disc moderately flattened; base almost as broad as base of pronotum (no humeral callus); striae heavily marked by large foveiform punctures (as big as on pronotum), shallower in apical third; intervals subconvex, with some conspicuous foveiform smaller punctures beset of emergent short flavescent setae pointing backwards (longer and more noticeable in apical third); integument smooth, shiny, at disc with shallow separate transversal irregular marks, at base somewhat corrugated. Ventral parts: mesosternal declivity less pronounced; inter-mesocoxal process, broad and short, less elevated; integument sub-nitid with shallow large separate punctures (including coxae); pilosity dispersed and short. Last ventrite slightly truncated. Abdominal convexity 72%. Legs robust; protibiae straight, externally keeled, slightly scooped internally, fan-like at apex (hardly expanded externally and much internally), with very strong mucro. Meso- and metatibiae with strong but shorter mucro; pilosity longer and more dense on apical outer half. Genitalia (Figures 2A– B). Aedeagus uniformly and smoothly curved, progressively narrowing apicad, tip straight. Internal sac short, with a median large field of teeth.</p><p>Description of female</p><p>Length without rostrum: 3.7–4.6 mm. Same as male, but slightly broader and elytra laterally more curved; shoulders slightly marked. Transverse marks on elytral integument more noticeable. Preapical internal sinuosity of protibiae less developed; pro- and mesomucro short, acute (metatibiae unarmed). Last ventrite round-ended. Styli of ovipositor very short, not reaching tip of valves (Figure 2D). Sternite VIII (Figure 2C).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the species, derived from the Greek ‘‘ edaphos ’’=the soil or ground, is a Latinized adjective and refers to the soil living habits of the insect.</p><p>Diagnostic remarks</p><p>Laparocerus edaphicus n. sp. is easy to recognize by its small size, fusiform-shape with conspicuous pregenae, small flattened eyes, very shiny piceous and heavily punctured (all over) integument devoid of scale cover, scarce pilosity and anterior tibiae with outer apical angle not obtusely rounded and a very robust mucro in its inner side. The short raised apex of the median lobe of the aedeagus is also very characteristic. For differences with the other known edaphic species of Laparocerus see the key at the end of the current paper.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype. Tenerife: Anaga, Bco. de Ijuana, 1 ♂ 8-11-1986 leg. R. García (TFMC, reg. CO-15537) .</p><p>Paratypes. Tenerife: Same locality (UTM 28 R 038563 315973) 1 ♂ 3-2-2008 1 ♂ 25-3- 2007 leg. A. Machado (AMC); Punta de Anaga, 1 ex 12-6-1960 leg. J.M. Fernández (TFMC); Montes de Anaga, 1 ♀ 25-3-1973 J. Bonnet leg. (RGB); Bco. Ijuana, 1 ♀ 29- 9-1986 leg. A. Aguiar (AAC), same locality without date, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ leg. H. Franz (NMW). Anaga, Anambro, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ 4-2-1977 leg. T. Palm (2 ZMUL, 1 AMC); Anaga, NE Chinobre 860 m, 2 ♀ 12-1995/1-1996 leg. L. Zerche (DEI, AMC), idem. 1 ♂ leg. A. Puchner (DEI); Anaga, E Chinobre 700-800 m 1 ♀ inmat. 24-11-1996 leg. Schülke &amp; Günberg (DEI) .</p><p>Non-paratypes. Tenerife: Vueltas de Taganana, 1 ♀ 21-1-1996 leg. A. Aguiar (AAC).</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Laparocerus edaphicus n. sp. is endemic to the island of Tenerife, having being found only in the old northeastern region of Anaga. It lives underground (ca. 30–50 cm) in the damp laurel forests that cover the mountain ridge (700–800 m), but can also be sieved from the leaf litter (under ferns) and occurs occasionally under stones. It presumably feeds on roots or decaying leaves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD8782FF9AFF92FE3F11E872FF8F87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Machado, Antonio	Machado, Antonio (2008): Three new endogean species of Laparocerus Schönherr, 1834 from the Canary Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Journal of Natural History 42 (17 - 18): 1277-1288, DOI: 10.1080/00222930801942616, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801942616
03CD8782FF9EFF9EFE3515EC71058B1A.text	03CD8782FF9EFF9EFE3515EC71058B1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laparocerus oromii Machado 2008	<div><p>Laparocerus oromii n.sp.</p><p>(Figures 3 and 4)</p><p>Measurements of holotype (♂)</p><p>Length. Total 3.10 mm, head 0.70 mm, rostrum 0.36 mm, scape 0.59 mm, funicle 0.64 mm, articles (1 st /2 nd /3 rd /4 th) 0.16/0.12/0.07/ 0.07 mm, club 0.31 mm, eyes 0.13, pronotum 0.74 mm, elytra 2.10 mm, tibiae (pro-/meso-/meta-) 0.58/0.74/ 0.66 mm.</p><p>Width. Head (at eye level) 0.44 mm, frons 0.34 mm, rostrum (with pterygia) 0.38 mm, rostrum (minimum dorsal/ventral) 0.26/ 0.33 mm, rostrum (base) 0.32 mm, scape 0.09 mm, club 0.13 mm, pronotum (anterior/maximum/posterior) 0.58/0.76/ 0.66 mm and elytra (maximum) 1.10 mm.</p><p>Height. Abdomen 0.72 mm.</p><p>Description of male</p><p>A very small Laparocerus (length without rostrum: 2.9–3.2 mm), of oblong-elongate shape. Integument uniformly reddish-brown, brilliant, devoid of scale cover and with dispersed short flavescent pilosity all over. Antennae: scape robust, slightly sinuate at base, a little longer than pronotum, capitate at apex (1/3 of length); funicle longer than scape, first article longer than second, third and fourth short, subglobular; club oval, thick, longer than the three previous articles combined. Head cone-shaped, without eyes (with only a vestigial scar). Rostrum short, subparallel convergent apicad (minimum dorsal width before the insertion of the antennae); prorostrum and epistomal keel badly defined; pterygia large and salient; frontal furrow broad and shallow, extending along whole metarostrum; surface with large separate punctures and small suberect hairy scales, except vertex (almost smooth, shiny). Pronotum almost as long as broad (L/ W=0.95), 0.33×length of elytra, sides moderately curved, widest at middle, not rimmed at base; integument smooth, shiny, with separate foveiform punctures, each beset with a suberect hairy scale; usually a long median impunctate line (slightly cariniform). Scutellum small, acute, smooth with two tiny piliferous punctures. Elytra elongated with rounded apex (L/ W=1.9), in profile evenly flattened (like pronotum) and apical declivity short; shoulders obsolete, sides weakly but evenly curved, maximum width at middle. Striae marked by big round punctures, obliterated apicad; intervals flat, shiny, with some irregular wrinkles and rows of emergent short flavescent setae pointing backwards. Ventral parts: mesosternal declivity not pronounced; inter-mesocoxal process poorly developed (often granule-ended); with a wide median fovea at posterior margin of metasternum. Metasternum and first ventrite depressed, with strong transverse wrinkles. Ventrites shiny, with very shallow large separate punctures, pilosity shorter and more disperse. Last ventrite truncated, briefly scoped at middle. Abdominal convexity 65%. Legs short, (tibiae shorter than length of pronotum), protibiae straight, slightly excavated apicad, briefly curved inwards at apex; outer apical angle blunt, inner angle acute, expanded, with a very strong and large mucro. Meso- and metatibiae with strong but shorter mucro. First tarsomere short, transversal. Genitalia (Figures 4A–B). Aedeagus weakly curved, broad apical plate with apex curved upwards. Parameres strongly broadened at end, very short (1/4 of median lobe). Internal sac short, with two median fields of teeth and a y-shaped piece (visible dorsally).</p><p>Description of female</p><p>Length 2.8–3.5 mm. Same as male, but more elongate (Elytra/pronotum L ratio=3.0×instead of 2.8) and elytra broader, less parallel. Preapical internal sinuosity of protibiae less marked; promucro shorter, meso- and metamucro reduced to a tiny triangular blade. Last ventrite round-ended. Sternite VIII (Figure 4C). Styli of valves long (Figure 4D).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species is dedicated to its discoverer, Dr Pedro Oromı´, a good friend and professor of Entomology at the University of La Laguna.</p><p>Diagnostic remarks</p><p>This is the most morphologically endogean adapted Laparocerus and the only known without eyes. Its very small size, linear form, unpigmented integument (ferruginous colour) and extended pilosity are also very characteristic. Although the species has the pro-tibiae externally round at the apex, it is related to the sculptus - excavatus group (unpublished DNA data), which has some representatives in the island where it lives.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype. La Gomera: El Cedro – Los Acebiños, 940 m (N28 ° 08'20' W17 ° 13'40') 1 ♂ 30-12-2004 leg. P. Stüben (TFMC, reg. CO- 15538) .</p><p>Paratypes. Same locality and collector, 10 exx (6 PS, 4 AMC); same locality 30-12-2004, leg. Ch. Germann, 7 exx (4 CG, 2 AMC, 1 POM). El Cedro: Reventón Oscuro, 1 ♀ 20-9-2002 leg. P. Oromí (POM), 1 ex 6-9-2003 leg. P. Oromí (AMC, in alcohol) .</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Laparocerus oromii n. sp. is endemic to the island of La Gomera. It has been collected with traps in the mesocavernous shallow substratum (MSS) and by washing earth with small roots beneath an Apollonias tree in Los Acebiños cloud forest, near a small stream. In the latter case several individuals were collected, as well as many dead specimens and remnants. It seems to be a very hygrophilous insect.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD8782FF9EFF9EFE3515EC71058B1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Machado, Antonio	Machado, Antonio (2008): Three new endogean species of Laparocerus Schönherr, 1834 from the Canary Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Journal of Natural History 42 (17 - 18): 1277-1288, DOI: 10.1080/00222930801942616, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801942616
03CD8782FF91FF9CFDDF1720737D8D5E.text	03CD8782FF91FF9CFDDF1720737D8D5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laparocerus lopezi Machado 2008	<div><p>Laparocerus lopezi n. sp.</p><p>(Figure 5)</p><p>Measurements of holotype (♀)</p><p>Length. Total 5.8 mm, head 1.10 mm, rostrum 0.50 mm, scape 1.18 mm, funicle 1.18 mm, articles (1 st /2 nd /3 rd /4 th) 0.30/0.26/0.12/ 0.12 mm, club 0.52 mm, eyes 0.28, pronotum 1.24 mm, elytra 4.05 mm, tibiae (pro-/meso-/meta-) 1.26/1.04/ 1.40 mm.</p><p>Width. Head (at eye level) 0.84 mm, frons 0.52 mm, rostrum (with pterygia) 0.64 mm, rostrum (minimum dorsal/ventral) 0.41/ 0.62 mm, rostrum (base) 0.58 mm, scape 0.11 mm, club 0.14 mm, pronotum (anterior/maximum/posterior) 1.06/1.56/ 1.40 mm and elytra (maximum) 2.20 mm.</p><p>Height. Abdomen 1.70 mm.</p><p>Description of holotype (♀)</p><p>A smallish Laparocerus (length: 5.8 mm), of oblong boat-shape, dorsally quite straight in profile. Integument of chestnut-colour, lighter at elytra shiny, devoid of scales, with some pilosity on elytra. Antennae short; scape not longer than pronotum, almost straight, capitate at apical third; funicle as long as scape, articles 1–2 subequal, 5–7 subglobular; club oval, thick, longer than the three previous articles combined. Head cone-shaped, dorsally straight; eyes small, oval, fairly flattened (convexity=13%), separate from rim of frons; rostrum as long as broad, moderately convergent apicad (minimum dorsal width before the insertion of the antennae); prorostrum not delimited, epistomal keel complete; pterygia slightly salient; metarostrum laterally not keeled; frontal furrow linear, incised, extending only backwards into vertex; surface densely punctured, with some suberect hairy scales. Pronotum slightly transversal (L/ W=0.79), 0.30×length of elytra, sides moderately curved, widest at middle, broader at basal than anterior margin, both slightly concave, not rimmed; disc flattened, with an imprecise shallow small depression on each sides, median line badly defined; surface densely and coarsely punctured, with some disperse larger and deeper punctures (fewer on disc), small decumbent scales on the flanks (few on disc). Scutellum small, acutely pointed, punctured. Elytra sub-parallel progressively acuminated in apical half, maximum width towards first half, dorsally flattened, apical declivity short (suture slightly keeled); base slightly sinuate, shoulders less marked (7 th interval briefly incrassate). Striae incised, with longitudinal moderate punctures, evanescent in second half; intervals subconvex (8 th visible from above in first third). Integument shiny with few short decumbent scales (mainly in the flanks), with long and conspicuous hairyscales in apical third. Ventral parts: inter-mesocoxal process elongated, hardly elevated; integument alutaceous, shallowly punctured, with sparse cover of decumbent scales. Last ventrite apically rounded. Abdominal convexity 77%. Legs: protibiae straight, externally keeled, at apex briefly fan-like expanded, with a small mucro; meso and metatibia broadened at apex, quite hairy in apical half, the latter, without mucro. Tarsomeres narrow.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species is dedicated to my colleague Heriberto López, who discovered the species during an edaphic survey campaign in Gran Canaria.</p><p>Diagnostic remarks</p><p>From the three species here described, L. lopezi n. sp. is the least morphologically adapted to the edaphic environment. Perhaps it inhabits the underground environment (MSS) as well, or preferentially; further material is needed to answer this question. It can be recognized by its navicular shape, small flattened eyes, frontal furrow extending largely on to the vertex, pronotum with shallow dense punctures (double puncturation), elytra (slightly unpigmented) with alutaceous, somewhat microrugose integuments, and emerging setae on their apical third. The rostrum is dorsally narrowed, being narrowest before the level of the insertion of the antennae, while in Laparocerus the normal case is to be narrowest just after or at the level of the insertion of the antennae. This trait is shared with L. oromii n. sp. Nonetheless, both species seem not to be directly related (differently shaped tibiae) and such a trait may well reflect an adaptive convergence to underground life (more mobility for the antennae?).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype. Gran Canaria: Barranco Oscuro ( Valsendero), 1 ♀ 4-1-2005, leg. H. López. (TFMC, reg. CO-15539) .</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Only one specimen from Laparocerus lopezi n. sp. is known. It was collected with an underground pitfall trap placed in the MSS in the remnants of laurel forest of Barranco Oscuro. This type of cloud forest once covered the entire north face of the island of Gran Canaria, but is at present, almost extinct.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD8782FF91FF9CFDDF1720737D8D5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Machado, Antonio	Machado, Antonio (2008): Three new endogean species of Laparocerus Schönherr, 1834 from the Canary Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Journal of Natural History 42 (17 - 18): 1277-1288, DOI: 10.1080/00222930801942616, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801942616
03CD8782FF93FF9BFF3411E874568B04.text	03CD8782FF93FF9BFF3411E874568B04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laparocerus Schonherr 1834	<div><p>Key to the cryptozoic species of Laparocerus in the Canary Islands</p><p>1 Eyes absent or reduced, with diameter not longer than first article of funicle and their convexity less than 15%. Endogean or hypogean species..... 2</p><p>- Eyes normally developed, with diameter longer than first article of funicule or convexity over 15%. Species from the surface... Laparocerus spp. (not keyed)</p><p>2 Eyes with at least 40 ommatidia............................. 3</p><p>- Eyes absent or with less than 40 ommatidia..................... 4</p><p>3 Frontal fovea rhombiform, short, not prolonged backwards into vertex. Pronotum and elytra with large foveiform punctures on shiny integument. Tenerife................................. L. edaphicus n. sp.</p><p>- Frontal fovea lineal, extending backwards into vertex. Pronotum and elytra with shallow punctures on subnitid microrugose integuments. Gran Canaria.............................................. L. lopezi n. sp.</p><p>4 Length &lt;5 mm. Elytra with uniform sparse erect pilosity. La Gomera.......................................... L. oromii n. sp.</p><p>- Length&gt; 5 mm. Elytra without erect pilosity. Species from La Palma... 5</p><p>5 Pronotum with small disperse punctures on shiny integument, devoid of scales. La Palma............. L. machadoi García et González, 2006</p><p>- Pronotum with many more or less coalescent large deep punctures, beset with emerging hairy-scales (at least on flanks)................... 6</p><p>6 Elytra laterally keeled, 7 th interval conspicuously reflexed all over............................ L. zarazagai García et Oromı´, 1997</p><p>- Elytra laterally not keeled, 7 th interval normally developed, convex..................................... L. dacilae García, 1998</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD8782FF93FF9BFF3411E874568B04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Machado, Antonio	Machado, Antonio (2008): Three new endogean species of Laparocerus Schönherr, 1834 from the Canary Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Journal of Natural History 42 (17 - 18): 1277-1288, DOI: 10.1080/00222930801942616, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801942616
