identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CA8784FFB8FFED54D3ACC4FDFCA2BD.text	03CA8784FFB8FFED54D3ACC4FDFCA2BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oculogryphus Jeng, Engel, and Yang 2007	<div><p>Oculogryphus Jeng, Engel, and Yang,</p><p>new genus</p><p>TYPE SPECIES: Oculogryphus fulvus Jeng, new species (fig. 1).</p><p>DIAGNOSIS: The new genus can be readily diagnosed by the following combination of characters: partially exposed head; 11-articled, filiform antennae; large compound eyes that are emarginate posteriorly and approximate ventrally; strongly curved and crossing mandibles with pointed apex; narrowly explanate pronotal margins and close pronotal hypomeron; epipleuron restricted to basal half of elytra; eight abdominal ventrites (including exposed sternite of aedeagal sheath); abdominal tergites not lobed; absence of photogenic organs and tibial spurs; and progressively shortened tarsomeres 1–4. These characters intermingle diagnostic features of Luciolinae, Rhagophthalminae, and Ototretinae, but none of the three subfamilies possess all of these characters.</p><p>DESCRIPTION: Male. Body shape elongate oval, somewhat depressed and fully winged. Head (fig. 2) largely exposed from pronotum when retracted, intermediate between prognathous and hypognathous. Compound eyes very large, occupying most of head laterally and with hind margins remarkably emarginate (fig. 3); compound eyes separated from each other in dorsal aspect by about one-third head width and approximate ventrally (fig. 4). Vertex flat or slightly depressed. Antennal calli (convexity above antennal sockets: see DuPorte, 1960) weakly convex; antennal socket elongate elliptical in shape, moderately distant from labrum, with antennifer in lower margin of socket; space between antennal sockets slightly convex, about as broad as one-half width of socket; antennae 11-articled, filiform, reaching elytral base when in repose; scape and pedicel elongate, longer in former; flagellar articles cylindrical and densely setose. Lower margin of clypeus broadly and roundly emarginate. Labrum sclerotized, notched medioapically. Mandibles well developed, strong and nearly uniform in diameter to near tip, curved and pointed apically. Maxillae with cardines approximate each other at base; maxillary palpi with four palpomeres, labial palpi with three palpomeres, both with slightly dilated, thick, terminal palpomeres and budlike apices, without thin ridge or tooth on inner side. Ventral margin of occipital foramen emarginate, reaching basal one-third of head length. Gula very narrow. Posterior tentorial pits immediately behind labrum, at about middle of head. Margins of hypostoma convergent toward base (fig. 4).</p><p>Pronotum (fig. 2) transverse, subparallelsided, punctate, and pubescent throughout; mostly opaque although translucent on margins; anterior margin broadly rounded, without clear anterolateral angles; central disc evenly convex (fig. 3), with median sulcus; apical and lateral explanate margins very narrow; posterolateral angles large and nearly orthogonal; posterior margin weakly sinuate, broadly impressed on inner base of posterior angles. Hypomeron close in frontal aspect, with inner margin attending anterolateral margin of pronotum. Prosternum (fig. 4) with an inverted Y-shaped, short and broad intercoxal process. Mesoventrite separated from mesopleurites by a clear suture (fig. 4). Metaventrite notched medioapically. Elytra elongate oval, well paired along midline; carinae weak; lateral explanate margins narrow; surface covered with fine setae. Humeral area of elytra (fig. 5) roundly folded toward marginal costa; epipleura narrow, deeply folded, barely visible laterally, extending from humeral base to basal one-third of elytra. Venation of hind wing (fig. 8) with reduction of crossveins; radial cell incomplete; MP 3+4 and CuA 1+2 not connected by crossveins and not branched. Legs long and slender. Front trochantins setiferous but glabrous in middle legs. Mesocoxae moderately separated from each other; metacoxae narrowly separated from each other. Tibial spurs absent. Tarsi (fig. 9) about as long as their tibiae in middle and hind legs; tarsomeres progressively shorter from 1–4, cylindrical and slender in 1–3; tarsomere 4 with tarsal pulvilla and lobed, widely open in dorsal cleft (fig. 9); pretarsal claws simple.</p><p>Abdomen with eight ventrites (fig. 11, S2– 9), reaching elytral apices. Spiracles in lateral folded, membranous pleurites, not visible ventrally. Tergites invisible in ventral aspect, not lobed and with rounded posterior angles. Apical margin of ventrite 7 (5 S8) simple; exposed portion of V8 (5 S9) semirounded. Aedeagal sheath basically symmetric, broad and short; T9 and T10 individually distinct; S9 broad at base. Male genitalia modified trilobed, bilaterally symmetric; much smaller than aedeagal sheath; median lobe uniformly broad, arched upward in apical half; parameres broad in lateral aspect and forming a Vshaped band in dorsal aspect; basal piece large and symmetric.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>ECOLOGY: Unknown; see Discussion, below.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY: The new genus-group name is a combination of the Latin terms oculus (meaning ‘‘eye’’) and gryphus (meaning ‘‘griffin’’, originally a mythological creature from Asia adopted by the Greeks and with a mix of features from a lion and an eagle. The idea of the griffin perhaps stemmed from ancient people’s seeing the exposed remains of Protoceratops: Mayor, 2000). The name is a reference to the characteristic eyes and the ambiguous, subfamilial identity of the new genus. The name is masculine.</p><p>DIVERSITY: The type species is presently the only known member of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA8784FFB8FFED54D3ACC4FDFCA2BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JENG, M. - L.;ENGEL, MICHAEL S.;YANG, P. - S.	JENG, M. - L., ENGEL, MICHAEL S., YANG, P. - S. (2007): Oculogryphus, A Remarkable New Genus of Fireflies from Asia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). American Museum Novitates 3600: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3600[1:OARNGO]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282007%293600%5B1%3AOARNGO%5D2.0.CO%3B2
03CA8784FFBDFFEC54FDA98CFBBBA188.text	03CA8784FFBDFFEC54FDA98CFBBBA188.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oculogryphus fulvus JENG & ENGEL & YANG 2007	<div><p>Oculogryphus fulvus Jeng, new species</p><p>Figures 1–13</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY: Tam Dao, Province Vinh Phu, Vietnam.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS: As for the genus (see above).</p><p>DESCRIPTION: Male. BL 6.0 mm, BW 2.5 mm; body form elongate oval and somewhat depressed; overall coloration brown except vertex black; antennal scape and pedicel brown, flagellar articles dark brown; elytra brown, looking darker from basal fifth to apices due to shadows of hind wings; venter brown throughout. Head with vertex and beyond exposed from above, not hidden by pronotum; vertex flat between eyes, surface glabrous, densely punctate and pubescent. Distance between compound eyes about twofifths of greatest width of head in dorsal aspect, one-fifth in frontal aspect (fig. 7), and one-sixth in ventral aspect. Antennae (fig. 6) with scape elongate quadrate in dorsal aspect, about as long as first flagellar article (FA1); FA1–3 each subequal in length, 4–8 each subequal in length and shorter than 1–3; FA 9 (terminal antennomere) spindle-like.</p><p>Pronotum subparallel-sided; posterior angles sharply cornered; punctures on disc separated by about their own diameter (fig. 2). Scutellum large and triangular in shape. Elytra with well-defined lateral margins; surface more or less shagreened, densely setose, costae insignificant except sutural costae. Elytral epipleuron (fig. 5) deeply folded, lying in ventral side of elytra and nearly invisible from lateral aspect, about onesixth of elytral length. Mesoventrite (fig. 4) broadly V-shaped. Central longitudinal sulcus of metaventrite obsolete. Abdominal T8 (fig. 10) broadly rounded apically and slightly emarginate medioapically, S8 (fig. 11) subtrapezoidal. PW/PL 5 1.4; EL/EW 5 3.3; EL/PL 5 3.4; BW/PW 5 1.5.</p><p>Aedeagal sheath (fig. 12) about 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm broad; syntergite slightly surpassing apex of S9; T9 about as long as T10; T10 triangular; S9 setose in apical one-third, rounded at apex, tapering toward base. Genitalia (fig. 13) about 0.5 mm long, 0.3 mm broad; median lobe parallel sided in basal half and gradually tapering apically in dorsal aspect; paramere weakly sclerotized apically but strongly so in posterior margin; dorsum forming a widely V-shaped band connecting with median lobe; basal piece about as long as median lobe, bilaterally symmetric, roughly a V-shaped band, slightly pointed apically.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male; ‘‘N. Vietnam 1985, pr. Vinh phu, Tam dao 3.6.- 11.6. V. Švihis lgt.’’. The holotype will be preserved in the National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung City, Taiwan (NMNS) .</p><p>ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet refers to the light brown coloration of the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA8784FFBDFFEC54FDA98CFBBBA188	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JENG, M. - L.;ENGEL, MICHAEL S.;YANG, P. - S.	JENG, M. - L., ENGEL, MICHAEL S., YANG, P. - S. (2007): Oculogryphus, A Remarkable New Genus of Fireflies from Asia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). American Museum Novitates 3600: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3600[1:OARNGO]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282007%293600%5B1%3AOARNGO%5D2.0.CO%3B2
03CA8784FFBCFFE054ABAF70FDAEA24F.text	03CA8784FFBCFFE054ABAF70FDAEA24F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lampyridae	<div><p>KEY TO LAMPYRID GENERA IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA AND AUSTRALIA</p><p>(males only) The considered area ranges from India in the west and Australia in the east, zoogeographically including the whole Oriental region (OR, including Indian subcontinent, Himalayas, Indochina and Malay Peninsula, Taiwan, Philippines, Borneo, and Sunda Islands), the Palaearctic region in East Asia (PA, including Eastern Eurasia continent, Korean Peninsula, and Japan-Ryukyu Archipelago), New Guinea, Pacific islands, and Australia of the Australian region (AU). The proposed key, following Crowson’s definition of Lampyridae, provides an account of the 34 lampyrid genera presently documented in this area (inclusive of the new genus). It is partly based on or modified from Ballantyne and Lambkin (2001, 2006, for couplets 3–10), Maulik (1921) and Wittmer (1979) (for couplets 22– 24), and Wittmer (1937, for couplet 33). It should be noted that the key is tentatively proposed, especially for the nontypical lampyrids (couplet 20 and below). With the exception of Oculogryphus, most of the nontypical lampyrid genera were transferred from Drilidae and placed under Ototretinae or Ototretadrilinae by various authors. Most of them are poorly known at present, usually with no more than revisional works on restricted zoogeographic faunas (e.g., Drilaster of Ryukyu Archipelago by Kawashima et al., 2005). Characters for these genera are provided herein based on examination of the type species (*), together with some additional exemplar species (**), on some nontype species only (#), or in a few cases on references alone (1).</p><p>1. Abdomen with six visible sternites (ventrites) 2</p><p>— Abdomen with more than six ventrites... 12</p><p>2. Antennae serrate and depressed; coloration of elytra pink to various degrees..................... Pristolycus Gorham (OR, PA)</p><p>— Antennae filiform or somewhat moniliform; coloration of elytra never pink........ 3</p><p>3. Compound eyes with posterior margin clearly emarginate 4 ......... Bourgeoisia Olivier (OR) and Luciola cowleyi Blackburn (AU)</p><p>— Compound eyes never or insignificantly emarginate posteriorly.................. 4</p><p>4. Elytron with superimposed costa arising from humeral area and extending to near apex...... Curtos Motschulsky (OR, PA)</p><p>— Elytron without clear humeral costa; if present, not particularly more imposed than other costae.......................... 5</p><p>5 Including Luciola flavicollis Macleay, L. orapallida Ballantyne, and L. nigra Olivier from Australia, L. kuroiwae Matsumura from Ryukyu, L. trilucida from Taiwan, and some undetermined species from Indochina Peninsula.</p><p>5. Median apical area of abdominal tergite 8 narrowed and deflexed, closely approaching the incurved and hooked apex of ventrite 6; some species with acute and conspicuous anterior angles on pronotum........................ Pygoluciola Wittmer (OR)</p><p>6 Hotaria was treated as a subgenus by McDermott (1966), or a synonym of Luciola by Kawashima et al. (2003). Indeed, Hotaria and Luciola s.str. (based on L. italica) shared many morphological characters in males as well as flightless females which have complete elytra but absence of hind wings. Ballantyne and Lambkin’s (2001, 2006) phylogenetic analyses suggest a close relationship of these two groups. However Luciola currently recognized is a highly diverse group, containing more than 300 species worldwide, and definitely needs a redefinition. Accordingly we have kept Hotaria as a valid name until its status is decided phylogenetically.</p><p>— Median apical area of abdominal tergite 8 not narrowed or deflexed; anterior angles of pronotum never acute.............. 6</p><p>4 Some species of Lampyroidea have compound eyes with an emarginate posterior margin in males, but the genus does not occur in the area and is therefore excluded from the key</p><p>.</p><p>6. Apices of parameres of genitalia largely or totally concealed by median lobe, not visible in ventral aspect.................. 7</p><p>— Apices of parameres of genitalia barely or not concealed by median lobe, visible in ventral aspect......................... 10</p><p>7. Apex of elytra deflexed........................... Pteroptyx Olivier (OR, AU)</p><p>— Apex of elytra not deflexed............ 8</p><p>8. Median carina of V6 present............................. Colophotia Dejean (OR)</p><p>— Median carina of V6 absent........... 9</p><p>9. Photogenic organs on V6 bipartite; aedeagal sheath bearing paraprocts.......................... Pyrophanes Olivier (OR, AU)</p><p>— Photogenic organs on V6 one-pieced; aedeagal sheath without paraprocts................... some Luciola species 5 (PA, OR, AU)</p><p>10. Elytra broad, with lateral explanate margin of elytra quite broad in elytral base, unambiguously visible in humeral area dorsally; usually at least two elytral costae well developed; hypomeron with frontal margin at angle of 30–45 degrees with pronotal lateral margin laterally............. 11</p><p>— Elytra more or less elongate, with lateral explanate margin of elytra very narrow in humeral basal area, thus partially concealed by humerus dorsally; elytral costae usually poorly developed, or weakly developed; hypomeron with frontal margin at angle of 70–90 degrees with pronotal lateral margin laterally... Luciola Laporte de Castelnau (OR, PA, AU) and Hotaria Yuasa 6 (PA)</p><p>11. Abdominal tergite 8 asymmetric bilaterally............... Luciola ovalis group (OR)</p><p>— Abdominal tergite 8 symmetric bilaterally... Atyphella (including s.g. Pygatyphella, AU)</p><p>12. Antennae bipectinate..................... Cyphonocerus Kiesenwetter (PA, OR)</p><p>— Antennae not bipectinate............ 13</p><p>13. Head fully covered by pronotum in dorsal aspect when fully retracted.......... 14</p><p>— Head largely or partially exposed from pronotum when fully retracted, eyes always visible at least partially in dorsal aspect...... 19</p><p>14. Spiracles at or approximate to lateral edges of ventrites, visible in ventral aspect..... 15</p><p>— Spiracles on dorsally folded part of ventrites, not visible in ventral aspect......... 17</p><p>15. Tibial spurs present; abdominal photogenic organs vestigial, represented by small spots, while compound eyes large and separated from each other by less than compound-eye width in ventral aspect........................... Lampyris Geoffroy (PA, OR)</p><p>— Tibial spurs absent; photogenic organs usually well developed as transverse stripes, if reduced and spotlike, then accompanied with small and widely separated compound eyes.......................... 16</p><p>16. Compound eyes moderate in size, separated from each other by distance of about an eye width in ventral aspect; pronotum flat or slightly convex in apical one-third to half length of pronotum, with central disc occupying basal three-fifths to two-thirds of pronotal length; antennae never filiform; photogenic organs reduced in diurnal species.... Pyrocoelia Gorham (OR, PA)</p><p>— Compound eyes large in size, approximate ventrally; pronotum distinctly convex in apical half to two-thirds of pronotal length, forming a light bulb–like convexity together with pronotal central disc which as long as or shorter than convex area; antennae serrate, filiform, or pectinate; photogenic organs well developed Diaphanes Motschulsky (OR, PA)</p><p>17. Compound eyes large and deeply emarginate in posterior margin, approximate each other ventrally; antennae short, with small projected sensory appendages on several terminal flagellar articles; pronotal pleurite subtriangular, about as long as height............. Lamprigera Motschulsky (OR, PA)</p><p>— Compound eyes small and not deeply emarginate in posterior margin, widely separated ventrally; antennae long, serrate, compressed or pectinate, without those small appendages as above; pronotal pleurite subtrapezoid, longer than height................ 18</p><p>18. Male genitalia with a pair of slender appendages originating from apical region of parameres; parameres not forming a basal projection in dorsal aspect; pretarsal claws simple on all legs......................... Vesta Laporte de Castelnau (OR, PA)</p><p>7 Lucidotopsis McDermott is essentially a synonym of Lucidina s.str. and will be discussed in a forthcoming paper. The monotypic genus Mimophotinus Pic, based on M. angustatus Pic from Vietnam, was also allied to nontypical Lucidina . Their relationship will need further investigation.</p><p>— Male genitalia with a pair of lateral appendages along median lobe; parameres forming a basal projection in dorsal aspect; pretarsal claws of fore- and midlegs each with a ventral projection on one claw (in many species)............... Lucidina Gorham 7 (OR, PA)</p><p>19. Elytra dehiscent, not fully covering abdomen.......................... 20</p><p>— Elytra well matching along central suture, fully covering abdomen or nearly so....... 21</p><p>20. Antennae somewhat pectinate; terminal antennal article not reduced.............................. Ototretadrilus Pic # (OR)</p><p>— Antennae not pectinate, more or less depressed; terminal antennal article reduced.......................... Baolacus Pic 1 (OR)</p><p>21. Both maxillary and labial palps greatly lobed, much wider than antennae.......... 22</p><p>— Both maxillary and labial palps of normal size, not wider than antennae............ 25</p><p>22. Antennae unipectinate............... 23</p><p>— Antennae weakly serrate or filiform..... 24</p><p>23. Antennomeres 3–10 very long and narrow, almost cylindrical; antennal branches not much longer than their stem antennomeres............... Eugeusis Westwood * (OR)</p><p>— Antennomeres 3–10 short and broad, flat; antennal branches about 3–4 times length of their stem antennomeres............................. Hyperstoma Wittmer 1 (OR)</p><p>24. Compound eye less than one-quarter of head width in dorsal aspect; genae behind compound eyes (temple) exposed; antennae widely separated from each other....................... Lamellipalpus Maulik ** (OR)</p><p>— Compound eye about of one-quarter head width; temple covered by pronotum; antennae more or less approximate..................... Lampellipalpodes Maulik * (OR)</p><p>25. True abdominal sternite 2 long, weakly sclerotized in anterior part but uniformly sclerotized on central disc, largely exposed in ventral aspect as first ventrite, with its posterior margin reaching base of metatrochanters; abdominal spiracles at edge of pleural membrane and dorsally folded portion of sternites, scarcely visible directly in dorsal aspect when elytra and hind wings removed....................... 26</p><p>— True abdominal sternite 2 short, weakly sclerotized centrally, largely concealed by metatrochanters and barely visible in ventral aspect, with its posterior margin usually not reaching base of metatrochanters; abdominal spiracles entirely enclosed by dorsally folded portion of sternites, always visible in dorsal aspect when elytra and hind wings removed........................ 29</p><p>26. Antennae serrate; tibial spurs present.......... Falsophaeopterus Pic ** (OR)</p><p>— Antennae unipectinate or filiform; tibial spur absent......................... 27</p><p>27. Antennae filiform; compound eyes with posterior margin significantly emarginate........... Oculogryphus, n. gen. * (OR)</p><p>— Antennae unipectinate; compound eyes not emarginate on posterior margin...... 28</p><p>28. Pronotum with posterior margin round, surpassing posterolateral angles.......................... Harmatelia Gorham * (OR)</p><p>— Pronotum with posterior margin straight, not surpassing posterolateral angles................ Stenocladius Fairmaire ** (PA, OR)</p><p>29. Posterior margin of pronotum round, surpassing posterolateral angles............ 30</p><p>— Posterior margin of pronotum nearly straight, not surpassing posterolateral angles.... 31</p><p>30. Antennae weakly serrate or somewhat filiform, with flagellar articles symmetric on lateral sides; first tarsomere of hind leg slightly longer than following article.......................... Ceylanidrilus Pic ** (OR)</p><p>— Antennae strongly serrate, with flagellar articles asymmetric on lateral sides; first tarsomere of hind legs 1.5 times longer than following article.............................. Gorhamia Pic * (OR), Pachytarsus Motschulsky # (OR)</p><p>31. Antennae pectinate... Flabellotreta Pic ** (OR)</p><p>— Antennae not pectinate.............. 32</p><p>32. Antennae about as long as body, strongly serrate, with flagellar articles elongate triangular, clearly asymmetric on lateral sides....... Mimophaeopterus Pic ** (OR)</p><p>— Antennae not as long as body, more or less filiform, with flagellar articles weakly serrate, symmetric, or slightly asymmetric on lateral sides.......................... 33</p><p>33. Pedicel of antenna about twice as long as wide; antennal sockets weakly convex above.......... Drilaster Kiesenwetter ** (OR, PA)</p><p>— Pedicel of antenna abbreviated, about as long as broad; antennal sockets convex above............... Picodrilus Wittmer * (OR)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA8784FFBCFFE054ABAF70FDAEA24F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JENG, M. - L.;ENGEL, MICHAEL S.;YANG, P. - S.	JENG, M. - L., ENGEL, MICHAEL S., YANG, P. - S. (2007): Oculogryphus, A Remarkable New Genus of Fireflies from Asia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). American Museum Novitates 3600: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3600[1:OARNGO]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282007%293600%5B1%3AOARNGO%5D2.0.CO%3B2
