identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D4BA07CF3D4B253C794CE7FD984BE1.text	03D4BA07CF3D4B253C794CE7FD984BE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squamata OPPEL 1811	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Squamata</p>
            <p> In the present analysis,  Squamata (all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with  Lacerta viridis than with  Sp. punctatus ) is supported by 19 unambiguous synapomorphies. These are: </p>
            <p> 1. The nasals, as a unit, are narrower than the breadth of the external naris (character 373, state 1). This is reversed in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 2. The frontal unit (the bilateral width) is wider than it is long (character 387, state 1). This character cannot be confidently coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p>3. The frontal possesses concave lateral margins and with a minimum width less than 60% of the posterior border width (character 57, state 2).</p>
            <p> 4. The frontoparietal suture is transverse (character 70, state 1). The frontoparietal suture is anteriorly arched in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 5. The parietal lacks frontal tabs (character 74, state 0). This character cannot be confidently coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 6. The postfrontal is reduced to an irregular piece of bone (character 92, state 1). The postfrontal is anteroposteriorly elongate in many squamates, including  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 7. Pa l a t i n e t e e t h a r e a b s e n t (c h a r a c t e r 1 1 5, state 1). This character cannot be coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 8. The pterygoid lacks teeth (character 118, state 2). This is reversed within  Squamata . </p>
            <p> 9. There is no pterygoid–vomer contact (character 119, state 1). This character cannot be confidently coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 10. Absence of a midline pterygoid contact anterior to the pyriform recess (character 122, state 0). This character cannot be coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p>11. Presence of a vidian canal formed by the parabasisphenoid enclosing the internal carotid artery and the basal of the palatine artery as they pass the basipterygoid process (character 693, state 1).</p>
            <p> 12. The quadrate lacks a distinct pterygoid lappet (character 160, state 1). This character cannot be confidently coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 13. Presence of three teeth in each premaxilla (character 403, state 2). This character cannot be confidently coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 14. Presence of a midline premaxillary tooth (character 404, state 1). This character cannot be confidently coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 15. Vertebrae procoelous (character 231, state 2). Vertebral centrum morphology cannot be confidently coded for  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p>16. Transverse processes absent from anterior presacral vertebrae (character 236, state 2).</p>
            <p> 17. Anterior dorsal ribs lacking distal broadening (character 255, state 0). This character cannot be confidently coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p> 18. A primary coracoid emargination is present (character 260, state 1). This character cannot be confidently coded in  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p>19. The pubis is anteromedially narrow (character 284, state 0) as opposed to the expanded pubis found in many rhynchocephalians.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4BA07CF3D4B253C794CE7FD984BE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conrad, Jack L.	Conrad, Jack L. (2018): A new lizard (Squamata) was the last meal of Compsognathus (Theropoda: Dinosauria) and is a holotype in a holotype. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 584-634
03D4BA07CF3B4B223C794D9CFB184E9B.text	03D4BA07CF3B4B223C794D9CFB184E9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ardeosauridae	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ardeosauridae</p>
            <p> I offer a revised systematic definition for  Ardeosauridae : all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with  A. brevipes than with  Ba. macrodactylus ,  G. gecko ,  L. viridis ,  Sci. scincus ,  An. fragilis or  Bo. constrictor . As used here,  Ardeosauridae includes three specimens usually referred to as  Ardeosaurus , including the cast of the holotype of  A. brevipes (NHM PR 38006), the specimen referred to it described in Mateer (1982; PMU.R58) and the specimen considered in Estes (1983) to be  A. cf. digitatellus (SNSB-BSPG 1923 I 501). Note that the latter specimen is nearer to the  A. brevipes than it is to the holotype of ‘  Ardeosaurus ’ digitatellus , which is more closely related to scleroglossans and eichstaettisaurids.  Ardeosauridae , here, also includes  P. bavarica and  S. dyspepsia . </p>
            <p>The present analysis recovers three unambiguous ardeosaurid synapomorphies.</p>
            <p>1. A well-developed posteroventral process is present on the jugal (character 48, state 0).</p>
            <p>2. There is no lateral flange of the parietal at the frontoparietal suture (character 72, state 0).</p>
            <p>3. The humerus possesses a hook-like and postglenoid process (character 407, state 1).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4BA07CF3B4B223C794D9CFB184E9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conrad, Jack L.	Conrad, Jack L. (2018): A new lizard (Squamata) was the last meal of Compsognathus (Theropoda: Dinosauria) and is a holotype in a holotype. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 584-634
03D4BA07CF3B4B203C7948B7FD9C490F.text	03D4BA07CF3B4B203C7948B7FD9C490F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeolacerta Cocude-Michel 1961	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Palaeolacerta ,  Schoenesmahl and  A. brevipes</p>
            <p> Within  Ardeosauridae, PMU.R 58 is the basalmost taxon. All other ardeosaurids are united to the exclusion of PMU.R58 by the shared presence of a weakly inclined anterodorsal (narial) border of the external naris wherein the anterior margin of the nasal process is not distinctly offset from the premaxillary process (character 29, state 1). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4BA07CF3B4B203C7948B7FD9C490F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conrad, Jack L.	Conrad, Jack L. (2018): A new lizard (Squamata) was the last meal of Compsognathus (Theropoda: Dinosauria) and is a holotype in a holotype. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 584-634
03D4BA07CF394B203FE14FC4FCD14A1B.text	03D4BA07CF394B203FE14FC4FCD14A1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenesmahl Conrad 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Schoenesmahl and  A. brevipes</p>
            <p> A clade containing  S. dyspepsia, SNSB-BSPG 1923 I 501 and NHM PR 38006 is here recovered to the exclusion of other specimens and is united by a single unambiguous synapomorphy: the retroarticular process is posteriorly broadened (character 207, state 1). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4BA07CF394B203FE14FC4FCD14A1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conrad, Jack L.	Conrad, Jack L. (2018): A new lizard (Squamata) was the last meal of Compsognathus (Theropoda: Dinosauria) and is a holotype in a holotype. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 584-634
03D4BA07CF384B213E424877FB7F4E73.text	03D4BA07CF384B213E424877FB7F4E73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenesmahl dyspepsia gen. et 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> DISTINCTIVENESS OF  S. DYSPEPSIA</p>
            <p> The traditional association between  S. dyspepsia with  Ba. macrodactylus is plausible given their temporal and geographic co-occurrence, their similar size and the shared possession of very elongate hind limbs compared to their bodies (Figs 29A, B). Even so,  S. dyspepsia is demonstrably distinct from  Ba. macrodactylus (see Diagnosis, above). Each of these taxa is generally similar in size to the Solnhofen squamates  Ardeosaurus (SNSB-BSPG 1923 I 501; Fig. 30A), the PMU.R 58 specimen (Fig. 30B),  A. digitatellus (Fig. 30C) and  E. schroederi (Fig. 30D), but those taxa have less elongate hind limbs than either  Ba. macrodactylus or  S. dyspepsia . All of these taxa are much larger than  P. bavarica (Fig. 31A) and the cast of the holotype of  A. brevipes (Fig. 31B). The distinctiveness of the  S. dyspepsia is demonstrated by details of the skull roofing bones, mandible and limb proportions. Although  S. dyspepsia and  Ba. macrodactylus share the possession of similarly elongate hind limbs as compared to their respective skulls (Fig. 29), the proportions of the femora, zeugopodia and pedes are different between the two taxa (Table 1). The NHM PR 38006 specimen can be coded for 71 characters and SNSB-BSPG 1923 I 501 can be coded for 79 (Supporting Information, Appendices SI and SII). These two specimens have 42 characters for which they both may be coded and they are identical in all of those character states. </p>
            <p>PHYLOGENY</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4BA07CF384B213E424877FB7F4E73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conrad, Jack L.	Conrad, Jack L. (2018): A new lizard (Squamata) was the last meal of Compsognathus (Theropoda: Dinosauria) and is a holotype in a holotype. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 584-634
03D4BA07CF324B283F8048CFFCD64F60.text	03D4BA07CF324B283F8048CFFCD64F60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenesmahl dyspepsia AND C. LONGIPES	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> SCHOENESMAHL DYSPEPSIA AND C. LONGIPES</p>
            <p> Clear predator–prey interactions are rarely preserved in the fossil record. In the case of  S. dyspepsia and  C. longipes , there can be little doubt about the relationship between the former as a prey item of the latter. </p>
            <p> I suggest that the total length of  S. dyspepsia was approximately 250 mm. This is noteworthy because the total length of  C. longipes is approximately 890 mm (Ostrom, 1978). Thus,  S. dyspepsia is more than one-quarter the length of the predator which ate it. As described above (see Taphonomy), the lizard may have been bitten into two pieces. The front half of the lizard seems to have suffered more trauma and is less completely known than the back part. The hind limbs seem mostly intact and the tail is folded into the anterior part of the gastrointestinal tract. </p>
            <p>The folded condition of the tail is significant. Specifically, it raises the question: how did the tail come to be folded into the gullet of this coelurosaur? Certainly, modern birds lack the morphological equipment to fold a lizard tail into their mouths. Predatory birds tear their prey into pieces they can swallow (Yosef, 1996, 2004; Fargallo et al., 2003; Young, Brodie &amp; Brodier, 2004) or swallow it whole and usually headfirst (e.g. Newton &amp; Newton, 1859; Brooker &amp; Ridpath, 1980; Sherbrooke, 1990; Fargallo et al., 2003). I posit that the coelurosaur used its manus to place into its mouth the lizard, and subsequently used its manual digits to fold the tail into its oropharynx.</p>
            <p> Despite the presence of numerous predator–prey interactions captured in the fossil record (e.g. Chen et al., 1998; Evans et al., 2004; Dal Sasso &amp; Maganuco, 2011), the  S. dyspepsia –  C. longipes interaction is unusual in producing a situation wherein both taxa can be diagnosed and each is a holotype. </p>
            <p>EVOLUTION OF PREDATOR AVOIDANCE IN SOLNHOFEN SQUAMATES</p>
            <p>The recent revelation that snakes appeared by the Early Jurassic significantly extends the unknown lineages for many squamate. The Solnhofen squamates form a paraphyletic assemblage with respect to other known squamates, but most are similar in possessing related to predator avoidance and, perhaps, with diurnality versus nocturnality.</p>
            <p>Modern lizards with relatively elongate limbs are generally diurnal and cursorial and/or scansorial whereas species with limbs that are shorter compared to their PCL are typically crevice-dwelling and/or nocturnal (see data in Müller et al., 2011 and Pianka &amp; Vitt, 2003) and possess relatively short limbs. Note that arboreal or semi-arboreal forms may have essentially any limb proportions (see Pianka &amp; Vitt, 2003; Müller et al., 2011).</p>
            <p> Perhaps the short limbed Solnhofen forms were mostly nocturnal or crepuscular. Because the emerging coelurosaurs may also have functioned well in low-light conditions (Schmitz &amp; Motani, 2011), the elongate limbs of  Ba. macrodactylus and  S. dyspepsia may represent a shift toward relying less upon nocturnal habits for defence and more on cursoriality. </p>
            <p> relatively short limbs (Fig. 30, 31). Most of these species are of similar size to one another, but  P. bavarica (Fig. 31A) is much smaller than the others. Elongate limbs independently evolved in  Ba. macrodactylus and  S. dyspepsia (Fig. 29). Exactly what this means with regards to the evolution of predator avoidance and ecology of squamates within the Solnhofen system cannot be confidently reconstructed. </p>
            <p> Apparently,  S. dyspepsia and  Ba. macrodactylus were somehow different from other Solnhofen forms.  Ardeosaurus brevipes (Fig. 30A, 31B) and ‘  Ardeosaurus ’ digitatellus (Fig. 30C) were relatively large-headed as compared to PMU R.58 (Fig. 30B),  E. schroederi (Fig. 30D) and  P. bavarica (Fig. 31A), but this may be related to prey choice (Pianka &amp; Vitt, 2003) rather than predator avoidance. The limb proportions may be </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4BA07CF324B283F8048CFFCD64F60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conrad, Jack L.	Conrad, Jack L. (2018): A new lizard (Squamata) was the last meal of Compsognathus (Theropoda: Dinosauria) and is a holotype in a holotype. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 584-634
