identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DE914CFFC11F36DD912776F2E2FD3E.text	03DE914CFFC11F36DD912776F2E2FD3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sulzbacheromyces arunachalensis A. Debnath and Nayaka 2025	<div><p>Sulzbacheromyces arunachalensis A. Debnath and Nayaka, sp. nov. (Fig. 2 and 3)</p><p>MycoBank.: MB855424</p><p>GenBank nrITS.: PQ283976 and PQ284036.</p><p>Type:— INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh: East Kameng District, Khenewa, 27°36′34.69″N, 93°00′54.17″E, on roadside soil mound, elev. 1133 m, 09-11-2022, S. Nayaka and A. Debnath 22-047565 (LWG-holotype and isotype).</p><p>Diagnosis:—Basidiomata unbranched, terete to fusiform, aduncate flexed, white to off-white when fresh and hydrated, turning russet brown upon drying. Sterigmata four, basidiospores with a noticeable adaxially concave surface.</p><p>Description:— Thallus terricolous, forming thin, light to dark green crust, 7–16 cm diam., prothallus absent, photobiont chlorococcoid, 5–11 μm diam., spherical to ellipsoid or slightly angular, smooth, contiguous in groups, wrapped by a single layer of hyaline fungal hyphae, 3–6 μm thick, clamp connections absent. Basidiomata simple, solid, solitary, surface smooth to a little rugulose, glabrous, epruinose, barely flattened sideways, terete to fusiform having an aduncate flexure, rarely straight, 12–16 mm high, 1.5–2 mm diam., white to off white when fresh and hydrated, turning russet brown upon drying, hymenium tissue covering the upper part of the basidiomes. The section of basidiomata composed of two layers; outwards loosely organized, perpendicular basidia resembling hyphae, 20–25 μm high and inwards concentrated, isodiametric, parallel, thin-walled, densely agglutinated hyphal strand lacking clamp connection, 120–140 μm thick. Trama composed of thin-walled, unbranched, tightly adhered, septate, parallel hyphae, 5.6–7.1 μm thick, lacking clamp connection. Globose, oil drop like materials always present in the tissue, 2–7 µm diam. Basidia subclavate to clavate, guttulate with inflated apex, thin walled, hyaline, 21.4–29.6 × 10.4–12.6 µm, with four short sterigmata. Sterigmata thin, slender, 2.5–3.6 × 1.0–1.9 µm, lacking clamp connection. Basidiospores smooth, thin walled, aseptate, hyaline, reniform, inamyloid (7.1–)7.4–8.6(–8.9) × (3.0–)3.4–3.7(–3.9) µm, L = 7.6 µm, W = 3.9 µm, Q = (1.8–)1.9–2.2(–2.3), Qm = 1.94, N = 25, often guttulate with hilar appendix, lacking a basal clamp. Basidioles numerous, resembling sterile basidia, lacking sterigmata, parallelly arranged in the hymenial element, 25.2– 31.4 × 9.4–13.1 µm, thin walled, hyaline, pyriform, apex with vesicle like globose swelling, sometimes guttulate. Hymenial cystidia like elements absent.</p><p>Chemistry:—Thallus and hymenophore K−, C−, KC−, P−; no substances detected by TLC.</p><p>Etymology:—The species epithet refers to its type locality Arunachal Pradesh.</p><p>Distribution and ecology:— Sulzbacheromyces arunachalensis is recorded from East Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh at an elevation of 1133 m, growing on the moist upright surface of soil mound along roadside.</p><p>Remarks:— Sulzbacheromyces arunachalensis is characterized by its whitish, curved, terete, unbranched basidiomata 12–16 × 1.5–2 mm; lacking prothallus and clamp connection; clavate basidia 21.4–29.6 × 10.4–12.6 µm, inflated apex, guttulate; sterigmata four and reniform spores 7.1–8.9 × 3.0–3.9 µm. It is close to Asian species S. bicolor phylogenetically by having white basidiomata, however S. bicolor differs by having silvery white prothallus, notably longer, branched, clavarioid or cylindrical bicolored basidiomata (3–23 × 0.3–1 mm), along with the presence of inflated colon like hyphae and clamp connections. Sulzbacheromyces arunachalensis and S. fossicola display white basidiomata, but S. fossicola is clearly distinguished by its clavarioid to cylindrical, once or twice-branched basidiomata from the base. Sulzbacheromyces arunachalensis is similar to Neotropical species S. leucodontius in exhibiting white basidiomata; however, S. leucodontius differs in having significantly longer basidiomata (6–25 × 0.6–0.9 mm) with inflated base, sterigmata two and comparatively smaller ellipsoid basidiospores (3 × 6 µm). With its white basidiomata the new species macro-morphologically also distinguished form S. caatingae (dull orange-pink to dull yellow basidiomata), S. chocoensis (reddish orange to yellowish basidiomata), S. miomboensis (deep orange to reddish orange basidiomata), S. sinensis (yellow, orange to red orange basidiomata), S. tutunendo (reddish orange to yellowish orange basidiomata) and S. yunnanensis (yellow to orange basidiomata). The new species consistently differs from all other species of the genus in having distinct and uniform curved basidiomata when young, regardless of the substrate angle. Detailed comparison of Sulzbacheromyces arunachalensis with other taxa is provided in Table 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE914CFFC11F36DD912776F2E2FD3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Debnath, Ambikesh;Nayaka, Sanjeeva;Joseph, Siljo;Ngangom, Roshinikumar	Debnath, Ambikesh, Nayaka, Sanjeeva, Joseph, Siljo, Ngangom, Roshinikumar (2025): New species and new records of the basidiolichen Sulzbacheromyces (Lepidostromataceae) from India. Phytotaxa 683 (3): 189-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.683.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.683.3.1
03DE914CFFCC1F35DD912240F61EF7CD.text	03DE914CFFCC1F35DD912240F61EF7CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sulzbacheromyces bicolor Dong Liu, Li S. Wang & Goffinet, Mycologia	<div><p>Sulzbacheromyces bicolor Dong Liu, Li S. Wang &amp; Goffinet, Mycologia 109(5): 735 (2018); (Fig. 5)</p><p>MycoBank: MB816298</p><p>Description:— Thallus terricolous, forming a thin, dark green crust on soil, 9–17 cm across. Photobiont chlorococcoid, spherical to angular, contiguous, 8.4–11.1 × 8.2–8.7 µm diam., encircled by a hyaline, fungal hyphae, 2.1–4.4 µm thick. Prothallus white, gray or silver, composed of mycelium. Basidiomata simple, smooth, clavarioid to cylindrical shape, rarely branched, 15–22 mm high, 0.5–1 mm in wide, bicolored, when fresh pale yellow to orange at the tip, remaining area white, turning beige when dry. Apex acute to pointed, base slightly inflated, with hymenium tissue in the upper part of the basidiomata. Trama composed of thin walled, clamped, hyaline, densely agglutinated, inflated, colon shaped parallel hyphae, 4.1–7.4 µm thick, with oil drop like substances, 3.3–6.5 µm diam. Basidia thin walled, subclavate to clavate, guttulate, 31–40 × 6.2–7.8 µm, sterigmata two–four, 3.1–5.7 × 1.2–1.8 µm. Basidiospores (6.1–)6.4–8.3(–8.6) × (4.5–)4.9–6.5(–6.7) µm, L = 7.3 µm, W = 5.9 µm, Q = (1–)1.1–1.3(–1.4), Qm = 1.24, N = 25; ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, guttulate with hilar appendix. Basidioles clavate, thin walled, hyaline, 28.7–37.3 × 5.2–6.8 µm.</p><p>Chemistry:—Thallus and hymenophore K−, C−, KC−, P−; no substances detected by TLC.</p><p>Distribution and ecology:— Sulzbacheromyces bicolor was previously reported by Liu et al. (2018) from two localities in southwestern Yunnan Province of China. It is a new distributional record for India collected from Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, and Nagaland between 78 and 1099 m elevation. The sample of Multiclavula vernalis (17- 033657 LWG) reported from Dima Hasau, Assam by Mishra et al. (2019) was studied in detail. However, this sample belongs to S. bicolor owing to its chlorococcoid photobiont and silver-grey thallus (Ertz et al. 2008; Sulzbacher et al. 2012; Hodkinson et al. 2014, Sanders &amp; Masumoto 2021).</p><p>Specimens examined:— INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh: East Kameng District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.01501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.60968" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.01501/lat 27.60968)">Khenewa</a>, 27°36′34.85″N, 93°00′54.02″ E, on roadside soil bank, elev. 1099 m, 10-11-2022, S. Nayaka and A. Debnath 22-047567 (LWG), GenBank nrITS PQ283975 ; Assam: Dima Hasau District, Umrangso, on soil, elev. 500–652 m, 06-05-2017, D.K. Upreti, R. Verma and B.A. Khan 17-033657 (LWG) ; Assam: Karbi Anglong district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.39597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.57175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.39597/lat 26.57175)">Belanchu village</a>, 26°34′18.3″N, 93°23′45.5″E, on soil, elev. 78 m, 03-06-2018, S. Nayaka, S. Joseph and R. Ngangom 18-028461 (LWG) ; Manipur: Tengnoupal District, Indo- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.22675&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.3395" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.22675/lat 24.3395)">Myanmar Road</a>, 24°20′22.2″N, 94°13′36.3″E, on roadside soil bank, elev. 603 m, 09-06-2018, S. Nayaka, S. Joseph and R. Ngangom 18-028510 (LWG) ; Nagaland: Mokokchung District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.38364&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.432583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.38364/lat 26.432583)">Mariani Mokokchung Road</a>, 26°25′57.3″N, 94°23′1.1″E, on soil, elev. 427 m, 27-09-2018, R. Ngangom 18-029068 (LWG) .</p><p>Sulzbacheromyces yunnanensis Dong Liu, Li S. Wang &amp; Goffinet, Mycologia 109(5): 742 (2018) (Fig. 6) MycoBank: MB816299</p><p>Description:— Thallus terricolous, forming a dark green, thin crust on the soil, prothallus absent. Photobiont chlorococcoid, in clusters, globose to angular, contiguous, 8–10 μm diam., enclosed by thin, hyaline fungal hyphae, 1–2.1 μm thick. Basidiomata solid, simple to sparingly branched, clavarioid to fusiform, heliciform with prominent longitudinal grooves not developing into transverse cracks at maturity, orange, turning ochraceous when dry, apex obtuse to truncate, ending abruptly, 32–50 mm high and 1.5–2 mm wide, surface flaky, hymenium tissue covering the upper part of basidiomata. Trama with densely agglutinated, parallel, clamped, hyaline hyphae, 4–6.4 μm thick. Basidia oblong, subclavate to clavate, hyaline, apex inflated, 40–55 × 6.3–7.5 μm, with four sterigmata, 5.2–5.8 × 1.1–1.9 µm. Basidiospores (8.5–)9.1–11.5(–11.9) × (3.8–)4.2–5.6(–5.9) µm, L = 9.9 µm, W = 4.8 µm, Q = (1.8–)1.9–2.2(–2.4), Qm = 2.04, N = 25, ellipsoidal to elongate cylindrical, smooth, thin walled, hyaline with hilar appendix, rarely guttulate. Basidioles thin walled, hyaline, clavate 38.6–48.8 × 5.1–5.9 µm.</p><p>2. S. bicolor Dong Liu, Li Solid, clavarioid or Yellow at tip white Subclavate to Ellipsoid to slightly Green single-celled Hyphae colon like; Present Present China 28S, 18S, Liu et al.</p><p>S. Wang &amp; Goffinet cylindrical, simple or in lower part, clavate, inflated reniform, guttulate; chlorococcoid algae 1.5–11 μm inflated, ITS (2018) branched; 3–23 × 0.3–1 bicolor guttulate; 13–50 × 3.5–8.5 × 3.5–7.5 μm agglutinated densely</p><p>mm 2.5–8 μm</p>3. S. caatingae Clavarioid-caloceroid Dull orange-pink to Clavate; 23–45 × Ellipsoid, guttulate; Single celled green Parallel, densely Absent - Brazil ITS, nuLSU Sulzbacher et (Sulzbacher &amp; Lücking) unbranched; 20–30 × overall dull yellow 4–7 µm 5–8.5 × 3.5–4.5 µm algae agglutinated; 2·5–9·5 al. (2016) B.P. Hodk. &amp; Lücking 1·0–1·5 mm surface µm diam hyphae circumferentially crack 4. S. chocoensis Coca, Fusiform to clavarioid, Reddish orange to Clavate; 25–40 × Ellipsoid; 4 × 6 µm Olive green algae, Hyphae irregular - - Colombia ITS Coca et al. Lücking &amp; B. Moncada unbranched; 4–10 × 1–2 yellowish 5–7 µm chlorococcoid; 3–6 × isodiametric (2018) mm 6–11 µm 5. S. fossicola (Corner) Solid, clavarioid, When fresh pale or Oblong to clavate Ellipsoidal or Clusters of single- Hyphae parallel, Absent Absent China 28S, 18S, Liu et al. Dong Liu &amp; Li S. Wang cylindrical branched; cream white, when inflated, guttulate; reniform, guttulate; celled dark green, globose inflated ITS (2017) 3–25 × 0.5–1.2 mm dry beige 17–22 × 2.5–8 μm 5–6.6 × 2.5–5 μm chlorococcoid algae agglutinated, densely; 2–10 μm<p>8. S. sinensis (R.H. Solid; 55 × 1–2.5 mm Yellow orange to Subclavate to Ellipsoidal or reniform Clusters of single- Hyphae parallel; 1.5–4 Present Present China 28S, 18S, Liu et al. Petersen &amp; M. Zang) clavarioid, fusiform, red orange turning clavate, inflated guttulate; 5–12 × celled green, μm diam, not inflated, ITS (2018)</p><p>Dong Liu &amp; Li S. simple, apical branches dry ochraceous guttulate; 13–50 × 2.5–7.5 μm chlorococcoid algae densely agglutinated</p><p>Wang. rare transverse cracks 2.5–8 μm</p><p>9. S. tutunendo Coca, Fusiform to clavarioid, Red orange to Clavate; 25–40 × Basidiospores Chlorococcoid, Centrally irregular - - Colombia ITS Coca et al. Lücking &amp; B. Moncada apically branched; 6–15 yellowish orange 5–7 μm ellipsoid and hyaline; grouped; 5–9 × 9–11 isodiametrical hyphae (2018)</p><p>× 1–2 mm 4 × 6 μm μm</p><p>10. S. yunnanensis Dong Solid, clavarioid, rarely Yellow or orange Subclavate to Ellipsoidal or slightly Chlorococcoid algae; Hyphae; 2–7.5 μm Present Absent China 28S, 18S, Liu et al.</p><p>Liu, Li S. Wang &amp; branched; 3–65 × 0.5–2.3 turning ochraceous clavate; 50–75 × reniform; 8.1–12.5 4–8 μm diam parallel, densely ITS (2018) Goffinet mm two longitudinal when dry 5–6.5 μm, guttulate × 3.6 – 5.85 μm, agglutinated, with a depressions guttulate bulbous apex</p><p>Distribution and ecology:—Earlier, the species was known from Yunnan Province of China (Liu et al. 2018) and Thailand (Suwannarach et al. 2019). The species is a new report for India collected from the Senapati District of Manipur where it was growing on soil at an elevation of 1158 m.</p><p>Specimen examined:— INDIA, Manipur: Senapati District, Henbung, EMRC campus area, 25°13′43.00″N, 94°00′9.9″E, on soil, elev. 1158 m, 12-06-2018, S. Nayaka, S. Joseph and R. Ngangom 18-029060 (LWG), GenBank nrITS PQ158543.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE914CFFCC1F35DD912240F61EF7CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Debnath, Ambikesh;Nayaka, Sanjeeva;Joseph, Siljo;Ngangom, Roshinikumar	Debnath, Ambikesh, Nayaka, Sanjeeva, Joseph, Siljo, Ngangom, Roshinikumar (2025): New species and new records of the basidiolichen Sulzbacheromyces (Lepidostromataceae) from India. Phytotaxa 683 (3): 189-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.683.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.683.3.1
