taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DF87C9FFCDFF874BEFF83C8C42FE0B.taxon	description	It must be noted here that the large nominotypical subgenus appears to include species of rather inconsistent characters and deserves a thorough revision (see also DURAN & GOUGH (2019) who treated Cylindera as a polyphyletic genus, and re-evaluated its Nearctic taxa with a number of nomenclatorial changes).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFCEFF864886FE5A8AB0F7CB.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 10) Definition. Body small to medium-sized, generally 6.20 – 10.20 mm long, 2.50 – 3.40 mm wide, dorsally black, black-brown, rarely cupreous; setal vesture whitish. Head normally shaped together with large, bulged eyes notably wider than thorax but distinctly narrower than elytra. Frons fluently passing into vertex, its surface rather distinctly convex in middle, black-brown or dark coppery extremely finely longitudinally striate, striae irregularly crumbled in middle when passing on vertex; supraantennal plates rather large, flat, basally iridescent reddish-cupreous, apical half mostly violet. Vertex mostly concolorous with frons, almost flat, or with small, limited median convexity and usually with iridescent ornament of dense circular rugae in middle, surface extremely finely granulate-asperate to finely irregularly rugulose (when passing from frons); juxtaorbital areas densely yet mostly irregularly parallel-striate, striae more regular and distinct on sublateral areas when divergent posteriad as passing onto temples and genae; postero-median and occipital area irregularly rugulose. Genae entirely glabrous, dark iridescent cupreous or green with faint cupreous lustre or darkened, juxtaorbital and postgenal areas densely parallel-striate. Clypeus mostly multicoloured, variably deep or iridescent metallic green, green-blue or cupreous, surface finely asperate, median area irregularly rugulose, glabrous. Labrum with variable number of marginal setae, shorter than wide, but in fact never transverse due to mostly semicircular anterior margin with variably 5 – 9 anterior teeth which are blunt or subacute, median tooth subacute or acute (usually more protruding in females); dorsal surface yellow to ochraceous, sometimes with darkened basolateral areas, with median convexity and more or less distinct basal impression on either side of the convexity. Mandibles (Figs 1 – 10) with arcuate lateral margins, subsymmetrical, in Cylindera (s. str.) morio with four teeth (apart from basal molar), while in other four species with only three teeth (exceptionally with little tooth or its rudiment placed between the second and third one); terminal tooth of right male mandible in its lateral view either smooth and regularly attenuated towards apex (Figs 8, 10), or (in males of two species) with distinct subapical outer lobe (Figs 2, 4, 6). Palpi normally shaped with elongate terminal palpomeres. Maxillary palpi in both sexes with longest and penultimate palpomere ochre-testaceous (penultimate palpomere in females sometimes darkened or almost metallic); terminal palpomeres metallic black, usually with strong green-blue lustre; labial palpi in both sexes with longest palpomere yellow-testaceous, terminal palpomere metallic black with faint blue-green lustre. Antennae rather short, slightly surpassing humeri; antennomeres 1 – 4 metallic-black, usually with faint or strong greenish-blue or reddish-cupreous or violet lustre, scape with long apical seta, antennomeres 3 – 4 with several stiff setae; antennomere 5, or also 6 brownish-testaceous or ochre-testaceous, antennomeres 7 – 11 gradually greyish-blackened and with usual micropubescence. Thorax. Pronotum mostly shorter than wide, either subglobose with lateral margins convex, or with margins more or less attenuated posteriad (notopleural sutures almost parallel-running with proepisternal margins); surface of pronotal disc either extremely finely asperate-granulate lacking striae, or with more or less developed fine parallel striae on areas along median line (alternatively, striae fragmented into fine, irregularly vermicular sculpture); juxtanotopleural and rather wide lateral areas punctate-setose (usually in two irregular rows), setae white, rather short and stiff, appressed or semi-erect and prevailingly mesad-directed, sometimes sparsely passing onto anteromedian area; alternatively (in one species) juxtaepipleural-lateral areas markedly rough due to large iridescent foveae, which are in other species much smaller; proepisterna distinctly and densely or sparsely punctate-setose to foveolate; mesepisterna smooth and glabrous except for few setae at base and adjacent to metepisterna, female coupling sulci in form of longitudinal furrow, yet barely distinguished from surface of male mesepisterna; metepisterna finely punctate-setose; prosternum and mesosternum smooth and almost glabrous; metasternum smooth and glabrous in middle, lateral areas densely setose. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided in males, usually moderately dilated below middle in females, humeri rounded, outer anteapical angle elongate-arcuate and more or less distinctly attenuated towards small sutural spine, forming subacute or distinctly acute apex; elytral surface moderately and almost evenly convex with only shallow impressions, shallowly punctate throughout (punctures isodiametric or irregular, greenish, rarely reddish, variably iridescent or dull) and with 5 – 7 more or less distinct rows of greenish foveae running on elytral disc along sutures from elytral base towards elytral apex; foveae may be distinct, iridescent, or obscure and barely visible (even in syntopic adults of the same species); whole elytral surface with irregularly running characteristic velvety-black streaks which are variably shaped, isolated or partly continuous, simple or branched; whitish elytral maculation either conspicuous, consisting of lateromedian macula (in the new species may be almost connected with subsutural-discal macula), anteapical, or also subsutural-discal and very rarely also little basodiscal spot, but lacking humeral macula, except for Cylindera (s. str.) obliquealba which primarily possesses conspicuously wide white lateral elytral area, consisting of oblique subhumeral band, large lateromedian band obliquely running postero-mesad and almost connected with anteapical-apical band, or white area covering also humerus; exceptionally (in one male, see under that species below) the white maculation is very reduced, isolated, but still possessing apical macula and very thin juxtasutural elongate-interrupted band (Fig. 212). The whitish humeral and apical areas in C. obliquealba are exceptional within the species-complex. Legs. Coxae metallic black with diffusing green-blue lustre, almost glabrous with only apical seta; metacoxae with sensory seta in middle, while lateral areas fringed with cluster of whitish (easily abraded) setae; trochanters in both sexes black or black-brown with reddish-brown apical area, metatrochanters almost black; pro- and mesotrochanters with indistinct, easily abraded subapical seta; femora dorsally metallic black, often with faint green-blue lustre, in ventral view usually with stronger green-blue or cupreous lustre; profemora densely covered with rows of mostly whitish, semierect setae, which are somewhat sparser but stiffer on metafemora; tibiae with two (easily broken) thorn-like apical setae, brownish-testaceous or ochre-testaceous, their apices often metallic blackened, sometimes with greenish lustre (mostly on apices of profemora), pro- and mesotibiae covered with rows of scattered, rather stiff, semierect or erect setae which are denser and feebler on apical area of mesotibiae; metatibiae with sparser but almost regularly distant, stiff to almost thorn-like rusty setae; tarsi mostly metallic black, usually with strong green-blue lustre; as usual, first three protarsi in males distinctly dilated; claws black-brown. Abdomen. Ventrites metallic black usually with strong green-blue lustre (depending upon illumination angle), mostly rather sparsely covered with whitish appressed setae, which are densest on first three or four visible ventrites, becoming much sparser posteriad, last ventrite and male pleurite sometimes brownish-lightened. Male genitalia. Aedeagus in its lateral view normally shaped with normally bent basal portion, then elongated and straight, widest in middle, apical portion either distinctly conically attenuated (in Cylindera (s. str.) morio), or more abruptly constricted towards rather short and elongate apex that is slightly or more distinctly dorsally emarginated or excised; internal sac widely armed, containing convoluted flagellum with characteristically shaped base; flagelliform portion long, yet never protruding from dorsoapical orifice; other sclerites consisting of stick-like arciform piece (which may have its base somewhat convoluted), downward or upward directed spike, usually with one elongate-voluminous and one semiglobose piece, both with micro-echinate surface; other sclerites of barely defined shapes.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFCEFF864886FE5A8AB0F7CB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. The adults of the Cylindera (s. str.) morio species-complex are diurnal and good flyers. The species of the complex are widely dispersed yet obviously with local occurrence. In literature they were recorded from the Brazilian state of Amazon (particularly Manaus area), Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Tocantins and São Paulo (yet the name on the labels may partly mean São Paulo de Olivença). Records from Brazil were published by FREITAG & BARNES (1989: fig. 156) when the authors treated all the taxa as synonyms of “ Cicindela (Cylindera) morio ” (see below). The occurrence in Argentina is uncertain. While HORN (1915) mentioned the occurrence in northern Argentina with a question mark, the occurrence was repeated by BLACKWELDER (1944), both authors probably referring to the catalogue by BRUCH (1911), as also SUMLIN (1979) did in his review of Argentinean Cicindelidae, although he had not examined any specimen from Argentina. WIESNER & BANDINELLI (2014) also mentioned the occurrence in N. Argentina referring to BRUCH (1911), but instead of any Argentinean record, the authors illustrated only one specimen from Manaus in Brazilian Amazonia. Therefore, it is possible that the record by BRUCH (1911) was based on misidentification, which is supported by the fact that one female specimen (BMNH) labelled: “ Argentina / O. W. Thomas / 1904 – 148 ” examined within this revision proved to be in fact a species of Brasiella Rivalier, 1954. It is noteworthy that some other specimens deposited in some collections under the name “ Cylindera morio ” were misidentified with species of other, very different genera, such as three specimens of Mesacanthina punctum (Klug, 1834) and two specimens of a species of Brasiella Rivalier, 1954 in BMNH, four specimens of Poecilochila (Eupoecilochila) ventralis (Dejean, 1825) in IRSNB, and eight specimens of Poecilochila (Eupoecilochila) rugipennis (Kollar, 1836) in FCCR-MCZR (thus, the number of specimens listed by CASSOLA (2013) as deposited in the collection FCCR-MZCR, is reduced to three). Note on phylogeny. FREITAG & BARNES (1989) classified 61 Brazilian and related Neotropical species of Cylindera, its subgenera and the genus Brasiella (all of these and other genus group taxa treated by the authors at the time as subgenera of Cicindela). Within their well-elaborated piece of work the authors established a reconstructed phylogeny in tables “ Phylogenetic – distributional relationships of Cicindela sister lineages ” including their table 12 for their “ group morio ”. Unfortunately, the authors did not include the shape of mandibles and due to their failure, they inappropriately treated all the taxa of the Cylindera morio species-complex as junior synonyms of Cylindera morio. Some of the six (mostly very rare) Neotropical species (now in Cylindera s. str.) placed by the authors in their species-group “ morio ” really exhibit similar external characters. Cylindera (s. str.) confluentesignata (W. Horn, 1915) possesses whitish elytral pattern (Fig. 213) resembling Cylindera (s. str.) obliquealba, but is clearly distinguished from it (see under that species here). The other species placed by the authors into their morio species-group were Cylindera (s. str.) kollari (Gistl, 1837), Cylindera (s. str.) malaris (W. Horn, 1896) and Cylindera (s. str.) granulipennis (Bates, 1874). In addition, Cylindera (s. str.) julietae Šafránek & Amaya, 2021 described quite recently also possesses similar elytral maculation (see ŠAFRÁNEK & AMAYA 2021).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC9FF8C4BC0FE788DA1F825.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 2, 11 – 72)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC9FF8C4BC0FE788DA1F825.taxon	materials_examined	Type localities. Cicindela morio: Brazil; Cicindela egena: Brésil: “ les contrées riveraines du fleuve des Amazones [= the regions bordering the Amazon River] ”. Type material. Cicindela morio: HOLOTYPE: J (MFNB), labelled: “ 3719 ” [printed] // “ morio / Klg. / 307 / Brasil. Freir. ” [large green collection label with thin black frame, handwritten] // “ Hist. - Coll. (Coleoptera) / Nr 3719 / Cicindela morio Kl. / Brasil Freireiss / Zool Mus. Berlin ” [green label with black frame, printed] // “ Holotype / Cicindela / morio / Klug, 1834 / labelled by MFNB 2024 ” [red label, printed] // “ Cylindera (s. str.) / morio (Klug, 1834) / det. Jiří Moravec 2024 ” [printed]. Cicindela egena: LECTOTYPE (designated here): ♀ (MNHN), lacking labels but standing as first along the large, ochre-tarnished collecting label with black frame: “ egena / Chaud. / Amér. équin. / Amazones, / 52 Deyrolle ” [handwritten] and labelled: “ Lectotype / Cicindela egena / Chaudoir, 1854 / design. Jiří Moravec 2024 ” [red label, printed] // “ Cylindera (s. str.) / morio (Klug, 1834) / det. Jiří Moravec 2024 ” [printed]. Other material examined. HISTORICAL SPECIMENS: 1 J (MNHN) [standing as C. egena along with the above-addressed lectotype of the synonymous taxon] with small, brownish, square green label. BRASIL: 2 JJ 1 ♀ (MFNB): “ Ecuador ” [Equator] / Manaos ”. 4 JJ 2 ♀♀ (IRSNB), 1 J (CCJM, ex IRSNB): “ Brazil / Aurora ” // “ Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. / Brazil ”. 1 J (IRSNB): “ 802 ” / S. Paulo / Brasil ” // “ Coll. J. Muller / Cicindela / morio / Kl. / R. M. H. N. B. 16.364 ”. 1 ♀ (IRSNB): “ Brésil / Sao Paulo / Coll. Schramm ” // “ R. Mus. Hist. Nat. / Belg. I. G. 11. 230 ”. 1 J (BMNH): “ Brazil ” // “ obscurela Kl. ”. 2 JJ 1 ♀ (BMNH): “ St. Paul ” // “ 296 s. t. ” // “ F. Bates Coll. / 1911 – 248 ”. 1 ♀ (BMNH): “ Santarem / Lower Amazon / 28. I. 96 / E. E. Austen / 96 – 80 ”. 1 ♀ (BMNH): “ Brazil / Santarem ” // “ 52 / 96 ” [on opposite side of the label] // “ C. morio / Klug ” // “ named by Dr. W. Horn / G. J. A. ” // “ F. Bates Coll. / 1911 – 248 ”. 1 J 1 ♀ (BMNH): “ Jatahy / Prov. Goyaz Brésil ”. 1 J 1 ♀ (BMNH): same labels and: “ F. Bates Coll. / 1911 – 248 ” // “ morio / D. Klug ” // “ t. Horn ” // “ Cicindela / morio Klug / det. R. Freitag 1984 ”. 1 ♀ (SDEI): “ Jatahy / Goyaz ”. 1 J (SDEI): “ Manaos / IX. 27 ”. 2 JJ (SDEI): “ Staudinger / Sao Paulo ”. 1 ♀ (HNHM): “ Brasilia / S. Paulo ” // “ C. morio Klug / det W. Horn ”. 1 J (SDEI): “ Brésil, Goyaz / Rio Verde ”. RECENT SPECIMENS: 1 J (MZSP): “ Utiariti / Rio Papagaio, Mt. / XI. 1996 / Lenko & Pereira ” // “ MZSP 6228 ”. 1 ♀ (MZSP): “ Faz Cachoeirinha / Jataí, Goiás – Brasil / X. 1962 / Exp. Dep. Zool. ” // “ MZSP 62729 ”. 1 ♀ (MZSP): “ Faz. Acerio / Jataí Goiás / Brasil / X. 1962 / Exp. Dep. Zool. ” // “ MZSP 62731 ”. 1 J 1 ♀ (JWCM): “ Brazil: Amazonas / 20 km n. e. Manaus / 18. IX. 1992 / D. Pearson ” // “ clay-sand / savanna clearing ”. BOLIVIA: 1 J (COSJ): “ Bolivia – Santa Cruz department / Concepcion env. / 16 ° 07´24 ´´ S, 62 ° 00´09 ´´ W / 7 - 9. I. 2020, 494 m / O. Šafránek & M. Amaya lgt. ”. 2 ♀♀ (COSJ): “ Bolivia – Santa Cruz department / Concepcion env., 494 m / 16 ° 07´24 ´´ S, 62 ° 00´09 ´´ W / 10. I. 2016 / O. Šafránek & J. L. Aramayo lgt. ”. 1 J (FCCR-MCZR): “ Bolivia – Santa Cruz / 25.8 km S / Rafael 305 m / D. Brzoska 3 - XII- 1995 ”. Examined specimens were labelled: “ Cylindera (s. str.) / morio (Klug, 1834) / det. Jiří Moravec 2024 ” (“ 2025 ” respectively).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC9FF8C4BC0FE788DA1F825.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis and brief redescription. Cylindera morio is principally distinguished from all other species of this group by its mandibles with four teeth (apart from basal molar) (Figs 1, 12, 27 – 30, 32 – 33, 35, 38, 44, 46, 48), combined with distinct outer subapical lobe on terminal tooth of right male mandible in its lateral view (Figs 2, 13, 31, 34, 45, 47), very different shape of its aedeagus (Figs 17 – 18, 54 – 62) and generally much larger body size. Such distinct outer lobe on right male mandible (also visible when the mandibles are closed) is shared only with Cylindera amayai sp. nov., which, however, clearly differs in having tridentate mandibles (Figs 3, 5, 81, 83, 85, 87) and complex of other diagnostic characters, including its sparsely punctate-setose proepisterna (Fig. 16) and shorter aedeagus apex (Figs 54 – 62). Body (Figs 11, 21, 25 – 26) largest within the species-complex, (7.50 –) 7.90 – 10.2 (holotype 8.00) mm long, 2.70 – 3.40 (holotype 2.90) mm wide (lectotype of C. egena 9.20 mm long, 3.25 mm wide). Labrum (Figs 14, 27 – 29, 32 – 33, 36 – 38, 40 – 43, 49 – 51) yellow-testaceous, anterior margin semicircular in both sexes yet usually more distinctly in females, variably with 4 – 9 teeth which are blunt except for subacute median tooth (usually more protruding in females). Antennae as in others of the species complex, but antennomeres 5 – 6 mostly darker. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 15 – 16, 52 – 53) 1.70 – 2.15 mm long, 1.90 – 2.30 mm wide; surface of pronotal disc extremely finely asperate, finely irregularly wrinkled only at base and on pronotal posterior lobe, but lacking parallel striae; the fine pronotal sculpture is shared with Cylindera acompsa, which, however, has its mandibles with only three teeth (apart from basal molar) as also does Cylindera amayai sp. nov. which, moreover, has its pronotal surface mostly extremely finely micro-granulate. Proepisterna (Fig. 16) distinctly foveolate-punctate-setose. Elytra (Figs 20, 23 – 24, 63 – 72) oblong, 5.20 – 6.50 mm long, outer margins subparallel in males, moderately dilated below middle in females, from their arcuate anteapical angles attenuated towards small sutural spine, thus forming elongate-acute apex (more conspicuously in males); surface almost black with darker velvety-black streaks and 5 – 7 foveae which may be greenish and variably conspicuous or barely recognizable; whitish elytral maculation either absent or with small or only indicated anteapical macula, exceptionally also lateromedian spot present (Fig. 67). Aedeagus (Figs 17 – 18, 54 – 62) elongate, 2.30 – 2.60 mm long, 0.50 – 0.55 mm wide, in its lateral view conically attenuated towards more or less elongate and variably (yet always noticeably) dorsally emarginate apex; the aedeagus apex in holotype is slightly damaged, unnoticeably crashed ventrally, yet somewhat changing its shape (Fig. 17).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC9FF8C4BC0FE788DA1F825.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. As mentioned under the redescription of the species-complex above, the distribution of Cylindera morio in literature includes also the other taxa of the species-complex. HORN (1915) mentioned “ Para bis Manaos, Matto Grosso, Goiás, Sao Paulo,? Nord-Argentina ”, while later, apart from Lower and Upper Amazonia, HORN (1926) mentioned also the state of Minas Gerais. Although no specimen from Minas Gerais was recorded by FREITAG & BARNES (1989) and none was examined within the present revision, the occurrence in the state might be possible in the areas neighbouring with the state of Goiás, covered with savanna biotopes classified as Cerrado biome (Fig. 214). NAVIAUX (2002) mentioned “ Sao Paulo, Mato Grosso (obviously including Mato Grosso do Sul), Goiás, Para and Amazon ”. This species was recently recorded from the Bolivian department of Santa Cruz by GUERRA et al (1997), as well as by PEARSON et al. (1999) with a map of distribution. The occurrence of Cylindera morio (and of any taxon of this species-complex) in Argentina is uncertain (see “ Distribution ” under “ General redescription of the species-complex ” above). Consequently, only verified localities based on examination (either personally or from photos gained from colleagues mentioned in each of the data or illustrations) are listed here. As the labels of types and historical specimens mostly bear only the names of the Brazilian states without specified areas, the distribution on the map (Fig. 215) is marked partly approximately. The “ Sao Paulo ” (in one case “ S. Paul ”) on the labels of several specimens in collections might at least partly mean São Paulo de Olivença situated on the western border of the Brazilian state of Amazonas, rather than the remote state of São Paulo lying in the southeastern coast with the Atlantic Rainforest (Mata Atlantica). However, the occurrence is possible in areas covered with savanna biotopes (Cerrado biome) as confirmed by one female in MZSP (not exactly examined here) recorded by FREITAG & BARNES (1989) from “ Avanhand ” which means Avanhandava in the western part of the state of São Paulo (see the map in Fig. 215); the area is now surrounded by plantations, thus missing its original biotopes (Gabriel Biffi (MZSP), pers. comm.). In spite of the possible confusions of the taxa and their rare depository in collections (for instance only one in ZSM and HNHM, three in MCZR and three in NMPC), or absence (such as in NHMW), Cylindera morio is obviously rather widely distributed. It is obviously partly sympatric with others of this species-complex in Brazil. Records of this species from Manaos within the Amazon rainforest biome probably come from sandy-grassy areas near the riversides, yet probably not directly from sandy beaches. GUERRA et al. (1997) and PEARSON et al. (1999) mentioned that in Bolivia the species was found on light sand in open grassy areas in cerrado-savanna. This is also in accordance with the herein examined and illustrated specimens recently collected by the second author in the area of the city of Concepción in the Bolivian department of Santa Cruz, where Cylindera morio inhabits more open areas within the low forest vegetation (Fig. 219). According to the ecoregion delineation by IBISCH et al. (2004), the locality near Concepcion meets two ecoregions: Chiquitano dry forest and Cerrado forest of the Chiquitano region. Observed adults of this species run and fly quickly along the paths during the day and fly quickly when disturbed, as also addressed by PEARSON et al. (1999).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC9FF8C4BC0FE788DA1F825.taxon	discussion	Remarks. FREITAG & BARNES (1989) did not examine the type specimens of any taxon of the Cylindera morio species-complex, and failed to examine mandibles which are firmly closed in old specimens. Therefore, they overlooked the above-emphasized important diagnostic characters, despite the fact that one of the characters, the outer subapical lobe on the right male mandible in Cicindela (Cylindera) morio, is visible even when the mandibles are closed, and that the lobe is absent in other Brazilian taxa of the species-complex. Consequently, the redescription under Cicindela (Cylindera) morio and the map of distribution by FREITAG & BARNES (1989) includes also other Brazilian species of the complex (see also “ Remarks ” under Cicindela (Cylindera) acompsa below).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC3FF9548B9FF1B8ADAF7EB.taxon	description	(Figs 73 – 101)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC3FF9548B9FF1B8ADAF7EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Bolivia: department of Santa Cruz, 20 km south of San Jose de Campamento, environs of Palmarito (15 ° 23 ′ 36 ″ S, 60 ° 58 ′ 05 ″ W, altitude 200 m). Type material. HOLOTYPE: J (UASC, temporarily in COSJ), labelled: “ Bolivia – Santa Cruz depart. / 20 km S San Jose de Campamento / Palmarito env., 9. I. 2020 / 15 ° 23´36 ´´ S, 60 ° 58´05 ´´ W, 200 m / O. Šafránek & M. Amaya lgt. ” // “ Holotype / Cylindera (s. str.) amayai sp. nov. / det. Jiří Moravec & Ondřej Šafránek 2025 ” [red label, printed]. ALLOTYPE: ♀ (COSJ), with the same label data and: “ Allotype / Cylindera (s. str.) amayai sp. nov. / det. Jiří Moravec & Ondřej Šafránek 2025 ” [red label, printed]. PARATYPES: 4 JJ 2 ♀♀ (2 JJ 1 ♀ in COSJ, 1 ♀ in NMPC, 2 JJ in CCJM), with the same label data as holotype and: “ Paratype / Cylindera (s. str.) amayai sp. nov. / det. Jiří Moravec & Ondřej Šafránek 2025 ” [red label, printed].	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC3FF9548B9FF1B8ADAF7EB.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Cylindera amayai sp. nov. can be immediately distinguished from other taxa of the species-complex by its almost or entirely black elytra with distinct white maculation (Figs 73 – 79) consisting of mostly large sublateral-median macula which is either isolated or obliquely connected with posteriad placed subsutural-discal macula (Fig. 77) or indistinctly connected as in the holotype (Figs 73 – 74); exceptionally also a barely visible basodiscal macula is present (as in holotype, Figs 73 – 74). Mandibles (Figs 3, 5, 81, 83, 85, 87) tridentate (exceptionally a rudiment of tooth present between the second and third tooth – Figs 5, 83); right terminal tooth in male mandibles possessing (in its lateral view) a distinct lobe on its outer margin (Figs 4, 6, 82, 84, 86). Such important diagnostic character is shared with Cylindera morio, which is, however, clearly distinguished by its mandibles with four teeth (Figs 1, 12, 27 – 30, 32 – 33, 35, 38, 44, 46, 48), and by the differently shaped apical portion of its aedeagus, which is elongate-attenuated towards longer and dorsally more or less distinctly excised apex (Figs 17 – 18, 54 – 62). Antennomeres 5 – 6 darker than in the following three species. The surface of the pronotal disc in Cylindera amayai sp. nov. is extremely finely asperate-granulate, almost lacking any striae (Fig. 99), thus distinguished from the finely asperate (not granulate) pronotal surface in Cylindera morio and C. acompsa, and even more distinctly differing from the partly striate pronotal surface in C. ocskayi. The tridentate mandibles in Cylindera amayai sp. nov. are shared with C. acompsa, C. ocskayi and C. obliquealba, but these three species clearly differ from the new species in having the outer margin of the terminal tooth in right mandible (in its lateral view) regularly continuous towards apex, smooth and lacking any dilatation (Figs 8, 10). Moreover, C. ocskayi can be immediately distinguished by its notably cupreous dorsal body surface and other characters emphasized under that species below. In addition, the aedeagus apex of C. amayai sp. nov. differs from all other species in having small emargination just below the narrow tip, and also its internal sac (Figs 95 – 96) appears distinct, particularly due to the dorsal spike directed downwards and rather different appearance of other sclerites.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC3FF9548B9FF1B8ADAF7EB.taxon	description	Description. Body (Fig. 73) small, 7.30 – 8.30 (holotype, allotype) mm long, 2.50 – 2.80 (holotype, allotype) mm wide, dorsally black, black-brown, rarely cupreous; setal vesture whitish. Head (Figs 81, 87) with large bulged eyes notably wider than thorax but narrower than elytra, 2.05 – 2.30 mm wide. Frons fluently passing into vertex, its surface rather distinctly convex in middle, metallic black with strong green- - blue lustre, or black-brown or cupreous with green-blue lustre on lateral areas only; anterior and lateral areas extremely finely longitudinally striate, striae irregularly crumbled in middle forming fine, asperate-granulate sculpture when passing on vertex; supraantennal plates rather large and flat, elongate-triangular, their base variably iridescent reddish-cupreous, bronze, or green, apical half deep violet. Vertex almost flat, mostly concolorous with frons, anterior area (when passing from frons) extremely finely granulate-asperate to irregularly rugulose, usually with limited iridescent-reddish or green central ornament of dense circular rugae, surrounded by fine, arcuate-longitudinal striae on sublateral areas; juxtaorbital areas very finely and densely yet rather irregularly parallel-striate, striae usually fragmented or partly effaced, appearing more distinct and regular on sublateral-basal areas when divergent posteriad as passing onto temples and post-genae; postero-median and occipital area finely irregularly rugulose. Genae entirely glabrous, dark iridescent cupreous or bronze dorsally and in middle; juxtaorbital area finely parallel striate, striae coarser on postgenal area; large ventral area mostly metallic green-blue, smooth and shiny. Clypeus (Figs 88 – 91, illustrated with labrum) glabrous, entirely or partly iridescent green-blue or cupreous sometimes darkened, with various green-blue lustre; surface almost smooth, finely coriaceous; median area irregularly finely rugulose. Labrum (Figs 88 – 91) with variable number of marginal setae, in both sexes almost uniformly coloured, yellow to ochraceous with darkened basolateral areas; shorter than wide, but never appearing transverse due to its semicircular-raised anterior margin, 0.55 – 0.70 mm long, 1.05 – 1.20 mm wide; lateral indentation (on either side) distinct, right- - angled or subacute; anterior margin with variable number of 5 – 7 anterior teeth which are blunt or subacute except for usually subacute or acute median tooth (mostly more protruding in females); dorsal surface with rather distinct yet wide median convexity and more or less distinct basal impression on either side of the convexity. Mandibles (Figs 3, 5, 81, 83, 85, 87) normally shaped with arcuate lateral margins, subsymmetrical, with only three teeth (apart from basal molar), exceptionally with little tooth placed between second and third ones (Figs 5, 83); the inner teeth mostly wide; terminal tooth of right male mandible in its lateral view with distinct outer subapical lobe (Figs 4, 6, 82, 84, 86). Palpi (Figs 81, 87) normally shaped with elongate terminal palpomeres. Maxillary palpi in males with longest and penultimate palpomere ochre-testaceous, penultimate palpomere in female allotype metallic green-blue; terminal palpomeres metallic black, usually with strong green-blue lustre; labial palpi in both sexes with longest palpomere yellow-testaceous, terminal palpomere metallic black with faint blue-green lustre. Antennae (Figs 73, 81, 87) rather short, slightly surpassing elytral humeri; scape metallic-black, usually with faint or strong greenish-blue or reddish-cupreous or violet lustre, scape rather elongate, dilated towards apex, with long apical seta, together with pedicel metallic black with cupreous or green lustre; antennomeres 3 – 4 concolorous with scape and pedicel, or with stronger reddish-cupreous or green-blue lustre, with several semierect, stiff setae; antennomere 5 with brownish testaceous basal half (paler in female allotype), or also base of antennomere 6 brownish-testaceous (generally coloured as in C. morio, thus mostly darker than in following three species); antennomeres 7 – 11 gradually greyish-blackened and with usual micropubescence. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 98 – 101) mostly shorter than wide, 1.50 – 1.70 mm long, 1.60 – 1.90 mm wide, more distinctly wider in females, lateral margins of disc convex, more distinctly in females while more or less attenuated posteriad in males (notopleural sutures in dorsal view almost parallel-running with proepisternal margins); surface of pronotal disc extremely finely asperate or micro-granulate, lacking any striae, dorsal juxtanotopleural and rather wide lateral areas punctate-setose (usually in two irregular rows), setae white, rather short and stiff, appressed or semi-erect, mostly mesad-directed, sparsely passing onto anteromedian area; lateral thoracic sterna densely whitish setose: proepisterna rather sparsely punctate-setose only in their ventral third, while rather wide dorsal-juxtanotopleural area is smooth and glabrous, with only few parallel wrinkles; mesepisterna smooth and glabrous except for a few setae at base and adjacent to metepisterna, female coupling sulci in form of deeper longitudinal furrow, yet barely distinguished from simpler and shallower longitudinal furrow as usual for male mesepisterna; metepisterna finely punctate-setose; prosternum and mesosternum smooth and almost glabrous; metasternum smooth and glabrous in middle, lateral areas densely setose. Elytra (Figs 74 – 79) elongate 4.60 – 5.10 mm long, lateral margins in both sexes moderately convex below middle (more distinctly in females), from arcuate anteapical angles obliquely running (more steeply in males) towards small sutural spine; surface moderately and almost evenly convex; humeral impressions short but distinct, basal convexity moderate, basodiscal impression shallow, oblique mesad towards sutures, anteapical and apical impressions indistinct; surface very shallowly punctate throughout: punctures flat, isodiametric or irregular, more or less distinct as mostly matt, diffusing-greenish, rarely diffusing-cupreous or feebly iridescent, as also are the faintly iridescent or sometimes barely visible 4 – 7 foveae running on elytral disc along sutures from elytral base towards elytral apex; background elytral coloration almost black (as in holotype), or with diffusing coppery tinge, and always with characteristic, irregular and irregularly running, simple or branched velvety-black streaks; whitish elytral maculation conspicuous, consisting of rather large sublateral-median, anteapical or also subsutural-discal macula; the sublateral-median macula may be distinctly connected with the subsutural-discal macula (Fig. 77) or only indistinctly as in holotype (Figs 73 – 74); very rarely also indistinct anterior basodiscal spot (Figs 73 – 74) is present (as in holotype); humeral and apical macula entirely absent. Legs as in the description of the species-complex above, yet tibiae mostly darker, coppery-testaceous. Abdomen. Ventrites metallic black usually with more or less distinct green-blue lustre (depending upon light- - angle), smooth and glabrous in middle, while wide lateral areas rather densely covered with whitish appressed setae mostly on all visible ventrites, male pleurite sometimes brownish-lightened. Aedeagus (Figs 92 – 97) in its lateral view normally shaped with normally bent basal portion, median portion elongated and straight, widest in middle or again below apical portion before it is conically attenuated, or constricted (less abruptly than in Cylindera acompsa but more abruptly than in C. morio) towards rather short and narrow apex that is dorsally slightly emarginated below the tip; internal sac (Figs 95 – 96) widely armed, containing convoluted flagellum with characteristically shaped base, its flagelliform portion long, yet never protruding from dorsoapical orifice; in left lateral view (Fig. 95) showing long, stick-like arciform piece somewhat convoluted at its base, downward directed dorsal spike surrounded by elongate-voluminous piece with its micro-echinate surface and sclerotized dorsal margin, and another, subapical voluminous piece with micro-echinate surface; in right lateral view (Fig. 96) the arciform piece is unrecognizable but the two voluminous pieces appear much larger; other sclerites are of barely defined shapes.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC3FF9548B9FF1B8ADAF7EB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Cylindera amayai sp. nov. is known only from the type locality near Palmarito, 20 km south of San Jose de Campamento in the department of Santa Cruz (Figs 216, 218). The new species inhabits the westernmost margin of the Pantanal ecoregion, where periodical flooded savanna depressions blend with the mosaic of tropical Chiquitano dry forest on its northwestern part (Figs 217 – 218). It represents quite a unique ecosystem covered by grass-shrub vegetation in the depressions on alluvial soils and low forest vegetation at the higher levels of the landscape. The difference between these two types of vegetation is just 10 – 20 meters of altitude, often with sharp transition zone (IBISCH et al. 2004). Observed adults run during the day on the small path through grassy areas (Fig. 217) within the above-mentioned transitional zone vegetation; they run or fly quickly to the surrounding vegetation when disturbed. No larva was found. PEARSON et al. (1999), when recording Cylindera morio from Bolivia, obviously had not collected Cylindera amayai sp. nov. (see “ Remarks ” below). Nevertheless, both species may have sympatric (but obviously not syntopic) occurrence as the collecting area of the new species is rather large, and indeed, one female of Cylindera morio was collected near Palmarito yet without exact evidences as to the distance from the adults of the new species.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC3FF9548B9FF1B8ADAF7EB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is dedicated to one of the collectors and our dear colleague Marcelo Amaya (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFC3FF9548B9FF1B8ADAF7EB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As PEARSON et al. (1999) mentioned that all the Bolivian specimens possessed black, immaculate elytra, the authors obviously recorded only Cylindera morio, apparently without any specimen of C. amayai sp. nov. This supposition is supported by the fact that neither the name of the type locality, nor its coordinates are listed among the records (with coordinates) by the authors.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFD7FF9A48A2FF1B8F53FADC.taxon	description	(Figs 148 – 180)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFD7FF9A48A2FF1B8F53FADC.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Cicindela denticulata: “ Brasil ”; Cicindela ocskayi: “ Brasilia ”. Type material. LECTOTYPE of Cicindela denticulata Klug, 1834, here designated, and simultaneously also designated as a NEOTYPE for Cicindela ocskayi Gistl, 1837: J (MFNB), labelled: “ Hist. – Coll. (Coleoptera) / Nr 3716 / Cicindela denticulata Kl. / Brasil, Freireiss / Zool Mus. Berlin ” [green label with black frame, printed] // “ Syntype / Cicindela / denticulata / Klug, 1834 / labelled by MFNB 2024 ” [red label, printed] // “ Lectotype / Cicindela / denticulata / Klug, 1834 / design. Jiří Moravec 2024 [red label, printed] // “ Neotype / Cicindela / ocskayi Gistl, 1837 / design. Jiří Moravec 2025 ” [red label, printed] // “ Cylindera (s. str.) / ocskayi (Gistl, 1837) / (replacement name for / C. denticulata Klug, 1834 / det. Jiří Moravec 2025 ” [printed]. PARALECTOTYPE of C. denticulata: 1 ♀ (MFNB) with same labels as lectotype and: “ denticulata / Kl. / 307 / Brasil, Freir. ” [large green collection label with black frame, handwritten ” // “ Paralectotype / Cicindela / denticulata / Klug, 1834 / design. Jiří Moravec 2024 ” [red label, printed] // “ Cylindera (s. str.) / ocskayi (Gistl, 1837) / (replacement name for / C. denticulata Klug, 1834 / det. Jiří Moravec 2025 ” [printed]. Other material examined. 1 J (BMNH), lacking locality label: “ Bates ” [greyish label, handwritten] // “ denticulata / Kl. t. Horn ” [handwritten] // “ F. Bates Coll. / 1911 – 248 ”. 4 JJ (BMNH): “ Lower Amazon ” // “ morio / Kl. / var. t. W. Horn ” // “ F. Bates Coll. / 1911 – 248 ”. 1 J (BMNH): “ Amazon ” // “ biguttata / Deyr. ” // “ denticulata / Kl. t. Horn ”. 1 ♀ (BMNH): “ Amazon ” // acompsa / Chaud. / Para ” // “ denticulata / Kl. t. Horn ”. 1 ♀ (BMNH): “ Para ” // “ 50 / 2 ” [on the opposite side]. 1 J (SDEI): “ Amazon ” // “ Coll V. de Poll ”. The examined specimens are labelled: “ Cylindera (s. str.) / ocskayi (Gistl, 1837) / (new replacement name for / C. denticulata Klug, 1834 / det. Jiří Moravec 2025 ” [printed].	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFD7FF9A48A2FF1B8F53FADC.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis and brief redescription. Cylindera ocskayi, whose neotype is simultaneously the lectotype of Cicindela denticulata Klug (the characters described here particularly from the male lectotype and female paralectotype), is probably closely related to Cylindera acompsa with which it shares the shape of tridentate mandibles (Figs 153 – 154, 164, 167 – 168) with smooth outer margin of the right terminal tooth in males (Figs 165, 169), similar pattern of whitish elytral maculation (Figs 148 – 149, 161 – 163, 174 – 177) and rather similar shape of the aedeagus (Figs 178 – 180). Nevertheless, unlike the prevailingly black basic elytral coloration in C. acompsa, the entire dorsal body coloration of C. ocskayi is notably cupreous (Figs 148 – 149). Although the dorsal body coloration itself may not be a reliable diagnostic character, C. ocskayi is distinguished by the following diagnostic characters: pronotal disc is notably wider (Figs 157 – 158, 170 – 172), its surface minutely yet markedly parallel-striate in median area (Figs 159, 171) and with conspicuously deep iridescent punctures and foveae on lateral areas of the disc (Figs 160, 173) unlike the prevailingly micro-vermicular discal surface and smaller lateral punctures in C. acompsa. Aedeagus with apical portion dorsally abruptly constricted towards small, rather thin and usually slightly dorsad-bent apex (Figs 150, 178 – 180). Cylindera obliquealba, which also possesses the primarily tridentate mandibles and similar apex of its aedeagus, is immediately recognizable by its primarily conspicuously wide white elytral lateral area, yet the whitish pattern may be reduced (see under that species below). Variability. Left mandible in one non-type male specimen (BMNH) has also a rudiment of tooth between the second and third tooth (Fig. 164).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
03DF87C9FFD7FF9A48A2FF1B8F53FADC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cylindera ocskayi is known only from Brazil, and only old historical specimens were found in collections. Apart from the type locality “ Brasilia ” or “ Brasil ”, other examined specimens are labelled “ Lower Amazon ” and “ Para ”. Nomenclatorial remarks. Cicindela denticulata Klug, 1834 is the primary junior homonym of C. denticulata T. W. Harris, 1828, a fact which was overlooked in the past and also by most recent authors, except for LORENZ (1998 a, b, 2005 a, b) and BOUSQUET (2012), who further mentioned that also C. denticulata Hentz, 1830 is a primary junior homonym of C. denticulata T. W. Harris (the latter is presently a junior synonym of Cicindela scutellaris rugifrons Dejean, 1825). Cicindela denticulata Klug, 1834 is thus invalid (ICZN 1999: Article 53.3) and must be replaced by the next oldest available name from among its synonyms, which is Cicindela ocskayi Gistl, 1837 (see ICZN 1999: Articles 23.3.5 and 60.2), also because the reversal of precedence (ICZN 1999: Articles 23.9.1) cannot be applied as the name Cicindela denticulata Klug was used only rarely in the past and therefore the conditions of Article 23.9.1.2 (ICZN 1999) cannot be met. The original type specimens of Cicindela ocskayi Gistl, 1837 are unknown. Although GISTL (1837) gave the type depository as Berlin, no syntypes or other specimens under that name were found by curators in MFNB (Bernd Jaeger, pers. comm.), ZSM (Katja Neven, pers. comm.) or in HNHM (Zsolt Sághy, pers. comm.), nor in other relevant collections. Specimens from Gistl’s collection could be variously distributed; moreover, the Regensburg Natural History Museum, which housed part of Gistl’s collection, was completely destroyed during the World War II. It must be noted here that GISTL (1837), in his original description of Cicindela ocskayi compared it directly to Cicindela denticulata Klug, 1834, referring to that species as: “ C. denticulata Klug in Jahrb, d. Ins. I p. 15. n. 31, J, ♀ ” and “ Habitat in Brasilia. Mus. berolin. ”. Thus, Gistl might has been aware of the existing homonymy with Cicindela denticulata T. W. Harris, 1828, which had priority (see above). If so, we may speculate that instead of describing a new species, in fact he created a new replacement name for the junior homonym C. denticulata Klug. 1834. However, as Gistl did not mention such an intention, nor the name C. denticulata T. W. Harris, his reference to C. denticulata Klug might have also been because he was not sure of the exact differences in characters between his new species and the species described previously by KLUG (1834). In this regard, we must consider the act by GISTL (1837) to be a description of a new species. Added to that, we must mention that CHAUDOIR (1838), in his critical paper on the publication by GISTL (1837), mentioned an arbitrary treatment of some taxa by Gistl (also spelled Gistel), alleging that he described already published taxa (for instance C. denticulata Klug, 1837) as new just in order to dedicate the new names to his friends, in this case to the Hungarian Baron Ocskay d’Ocsko. However, it must be emphasized again that Chaudoir overlooked (as did also other subsequent authors – see above) that the taxon by KLUG (1834) was a primary junior homonym of Cicindela denticulata T. W. Harris. Consequently, although the original description of C. ocskayi Gistl, 1837 was brief, the taxon was validly described, mentioning the basic characters (partly shared with C. denticulata Klug, 1834) and with the practically same type locality “ Brasilia ”. In order to stabilise the nomenclature, one of the two syntypes of Cicindela denticulata Klug, 1834 in the MFNB collection is here designated as a lectotype of that species according to ICZN (1999: Article 74). The same specimen is simultaneously designated here as a neotype of Cicindela ocskayi Gistl, 1837 according to ICZN (1999: Article 75) to fix the identity of the taxon beyond doubt, which makes C. denticulata and C. ocskayi objective synonyms (ICZN 1999: Article 61.3.4).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Šafránek, Ondřej (2025): Taxonomic revision of the current concept of Cylindera morio and allied taxa (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65 (1): 105-147, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2025.011, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.011
