taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DF87FB9452FFB82DCAFAD9FDC6C4FB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The genus Germainia was named by Balansa & Poitrasson (1873) in honour of the collector, Rodolphe Germain. Perennial, tufted, rarely stoloniferous. Culms slender, erect; nodes glabrous to pubescent or pilose. Leaf­blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or linear, hairy to glabrous. Ligule an eciliate or ciliolate membrane. Inflorescence of 1 – 2 (– 6) racemes, racemes capitate or elongate or subdigitate, closely appressed to divergent, rachis internodes tough, short or almost reduced, racemes with 2 – 14 sessile and pedicelled spikelets; peduncles usually exserted, rarely enclosed in uppermost sheath, © 2013 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland espatheate, glabrous to hirsute. Spikelets in pairs, heteromorphous, sometimes basal pairs reduced to the sessile spikelets forming an involucre, dorsally compressed, 2 florets, without rachilla extension. Sessile spikelets male, persistent; lower glumes membranous or chartaceous (G. pilosa, G. thailandica) or coriaceous, glabrous to hairy, obliquely bifid, muticous, truncate or obtuse, 7 – 9 (– 11) - nerved, nerves sometimes anastomosing; upper glumes membranous, almost reaching or exceeding apex of lower glumes in spikelets, acute or obtuse or dentate or emarginate, 3 – 5 - nerved; lower florets sometimes absent if present male or neuter; lower lemmas membranous, acute to obtuse, 1 (– 3) - nerved; lower paleas membranous, acute or obtuse or bifid or dentate, 2 - nerved; upper florets male or neuter; upper lemmas absent, if present linear or filiform, obtuse or acute to mucronate, 1 - nerved; upper paleas as the lower one; lodicules absent; stamens 2. Pedicelled spikelets fertile, caducous; spikelet callus linear to obtuse, attached obliquely or transversely, hairy with yellowish to reddish brown hairs; glumes coriaceous, subequal, acute or obtuse or muticous, dentate or truncate, 3 – 7 - nerved; lower florets usually suppressed, if present neuter, epaleate; upper florets female; upper lemmas reduced to the narrow stipitate base of awn base, awns geniculate with brown twisted columns, hirsutulous, caducous, 1 - nerved; upper paleas membranous, almost glabrous; styles 2, stigmas plumose, exserted. Caryopsis with adherent pericarp, oblong, hilum punctiform. Distribution — Nine species, distributed from India, Myanmar, China, Indo-China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea to Australia. Habitat & Ecology — Occurring in moist sandy soil, tropical grassland, tropical forest, and deciduous forest and also open and moist rocky plain areas. Found at elevations of 0 – 1300 m. Note — Kuntze (1903) regarded the name as confusable with Germanea Lam. (1788, Lamiaceae), possibly named after J. J. de Saint Germain (c. 1784) (Backer 1936: 232). This has not been accepted and there are no combinations under the superfluous replacement name Balansochloa Kuntze.	en	Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S., Boontia, V., Hodkinson, T. R. (2013): A taxonomic revision of Germainia (Andropogoneae: Poaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 57 (3): 221-228, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X663442, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x663442
03DF87FB9456FFBF2F00FF2EFF5AC2F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Thailand (N: Phitsanulok). This species is also found in India (Meghalaya) and Myanmar (Kachin). Habitat & Ecology — Open swampy areas, tropical grasslands, 150 – 1200 m altitude. Typification notes — Hackel (1891) typified G. khasyana by citing the specimens of Clarke 44830 and Clarke 42558. Roberty (1960: 102) selected the specimen of Clarke 14568 as the type of G. khasyana. However that collection was not cited by Hackel (1891) and was not found in his herbarium (W) (J. F. Veldkamp, pers. comm.). Later, Chai-Anan (1972: 41) designated Clarke 44830 A (BM, K) as hololectotypes, but this lectotypification is incomplete as two sheets were mentioned. We have found that there are five sheets of Clarke 44830: Clarke 44830 A (K), Clarke 44830 B (W, 2 sheets), Clarke 44830 C (K) and Clarke 44830 D (BM) and three sheets of Clarke 42558: Clarke 42558 A (K), Clarke 42558 D (BM) and Clarke 42558 J (RGB). Therefore, there are at least eight specimens of Clarke which could be selected as the holotype. We hereby designate Clarke 44830 B as the lectotype. This lectotype is the one housed in his herbarium W (W­Hackel­ 1916 ­ 00027613) and that bears a label with Hackel’s handwriting (J. F. Veldkamp, pers. comm.). Specimens examined. Clarke 6447, 42558 A, 42558 D, 42558 J, 44830 A, 44830 C, 44830 D; Hansen et al. 11231; Lace 6054; Teerawatananon & Sungkaew 906, 907.	en	Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S., Boontia, V., Hodkinson, T. R. (2013): A taxonomic revision of Germainia (Andropogoneae: Poaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 57 (3): 221-228, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X663442, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x663442
03DF87FB9456FFBF2DCAFF8BFB87C320.taxon	description	Germainia lanipes Hook. f. (1897) 163. — Type: Helfer s. n. (holo K), Myanmar, Tenasserim. Perennial. Culms 20 – 45 (– 60) cm tall, erect, branched; nodes pubescent, sometimes pilose. Leaf­sheaths clasping, 4 – 10 cm long, basal sheaths densely covered with white to pale yellow lanate hairs, upper sheath shorter than internodes and sparsely pubescent at base and at throat, to glabrous. Ligule an eciliate membrane, 0.2 – 0.5 mm long, basal leaves with a dense row of hairs behind the ligule. Leaf­blades linear, 20 – 45 by 0.2 – 0.3 (– 0.5) cm, lower surface covered with white wax, margins thick, pilose at base, margins spinulose-scabrous. Racemes 1 – 2, 1.5 – 2 (– 3) cm long, elongate, closely appressed, composed of 4 – 11 sessile and pedicelled spikelets, basal homogamous 2 (– 3); peduncle 8 – 15 (– 20) cm long. Sessile spikelets green, oblong, 10 – 12 (– 15) by 3 – 4 mm; lower glumes coriaceous, oblong, 9 – 10 (– 12) by 1.8 – 3.5 mm, pubescent to hirsute at base, muticous, upper margin ciliate, 7 – 9 - nerved, nerves not anastomosing; upper glumes linear-lanceolate, 10 – 15 by 1 – 1.5 mm, 3 – 4 - dentate, 3 - nerved, pubescent on nerves; lower florets male; lower lemmas linear-lanceolate, 9 – 12 mm long, acute, upper margin ciliate, 1 - nerved; lower paleas linear-lanceolate, 8 – 10 mm long, pubescent on nerves, acute to 3 - dentate; upper lemmas linear, 8 – 12 mm long, upper part pubescent, aristate; upper paleas similar to the lower one; stamens 2, anthers yellow to reddish purple, 6 – 7 mm long. Pedicelled spikelets lanceolate, 5 – 7 by 1 – 1.5 mm, caducous; pedicels 3 – 4 mm long, hispid; spikelet callus linear, 1 – 1.5 mm long, attached obliquely, hairy, hairs 0.5 – 1.5 mm long; lower glumes lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 6 – 7 by 1 – 1.5 mm, pubescent, obtuse to acute, 3 - nerved; upper glumes ovate-lanceolate, 5 – 6 by 1 – 1.5 mm, pubescent, obtuse to acute, 3 - nerved; lower florets suppressed; upper lemmas linear, 2 – 3 mm long, awns 3 – 5 cm long, columns 2 – 2.5 cm long; upper paleas oblong, 2.8 – 3.2 mm long, truncate and dentate; styles 2, stigmas white or rufous-red, 6 – 10 mm long. Caryopsis oblong, c. 3.5 mm long. Distribution — Thailand (N: Tak; SW: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi) and Myanmar (Taninthayi = Tenasserim). Habitat & Ecology — Open grassy Shorea­Phoenix humilis vegetation areas, dry hillsides in deciduous dipterocarp forests, open sandy soil areas on limestone hills, 150 – 900 m altitude. This species is confined to limestone or rocky areas. Vernacular name — Ya Da Ru Nee from Phengklai et al. 12559 (BKF). Specimens examined. Helfer s. n.; Larsen 9134; Phengklai 352; Phengklai et al. 12559; Sirimongkol 148; Teerawatananon & Kritsanachandee 978; Teerawatananon & Sungkaew 677.	en	Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S., Boontia, V., Hodkinson, T. R. (2013): A taxonomic revision of Germainia (Andropogoneae: Poaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 57 (3): 221-228, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X663442, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x663442
03DF87FB9456FFBD2DCAF9BCFEE0C134.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Endemic toThailand (NE: Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan). Habitat & Ecology — On moist sandy soil in open areas, along stream banks, deciduous dipterocarp and mixed deciduous forests, and also on open and moist rocky plain areas, 500 – 800 m altitude. Specimens examined. Chantanamuck 224; Esser 98 ­ 207; Murata et al. 50818, 50864; Norsangsri 568; Sunarnakoses 2016; Teerawatananon & Kritsanachandee 949; Teerawatananon & Sungkaew 886. Note — Chai-Anan (1972) mentioned that the width of the lower glume of the pedicelled spikelet was 1 – 1.4 mm. However, we examined the holotype and isotype from BKF, L, as well as fresh specimens in the field and found that their lower glumes are not wider than 0.6 mm.	en	Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S., Boontia, V., Hodkinson, T. R. (2013): A taxonomic revision of Germainia (Andropogoneae: Poaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 57 (3): 221-228, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X663442, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x663442
03DF87FB9454FFBD2F0FFBC6FBC2C7D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Endemic to Thailand, only known from Doi Inthanon (N: Chiang Mai). Habitat & Ecology — Evergreen forests. Typification notes — Bor (1968) stated that the specimen of K. Boongoheng 1436 housed in K was the holotype of Chumsriella thailandica Bor and regarded the duplicates in BKF, BM and AAU as isotypes. However, the label on the holotype sheet indicated that ‘ Booncheuy 1436 ’ was the collector. The isotype in BM was labelled as ‘ Boocheng 1436 ’, while the isotype in BKF was labelled using the signature of a collector 1436 written in Thai but can be spelled either ‘ Booncheuy ’ or ‘ Boonchuay ’. As this species was transferred to Germainia by Chai-Anan (1972), a Thai grass-taxonomist, she stated the collector name of the holotype was ‘ Boonchuay ’. The collector’s name can be spelled in English in different ways. Thus, the correct name should be ‘ Boonchuay ’ as Chai-Anan (1972) indicated. Vernacular name — Ya Hang Ma, from Boonchuay 1436 (BKF). Specimen examined. Boonchuay 1436.	en	Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S., Boontia, V., Hodkinson, T. R. (2013): A taxonomic revision of Germainia (Andropogoneae: Poaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 57 (3): 221-228, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X663442, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x663442
03DF87FB9454FFBD2DCAFCE8FC15C2C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Thailand (E: Ubon Ratchathani) and Laos (between Louangphrabang and Viangchan = Vientiane). Habitat & Ecology — On sloping sandstone with seeping water areas and grasslands on limestone areas, 150 – 900 m altitude. Specimens examined. Joseph Apr 1913 in Herb. d’Alleizette 8022; Laegaard et al. 21834.	en	Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S., Boontia, V., Hodkinson, T. R. (2013): A taxonomic revision of Germainia (Andropogoneae: Poaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 57 (3): 221-228, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X663442, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x663442
