identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DCB4751830703BFB281461BFE78042.text	03DCB4751830703BFB281461BFE78042.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hersiliidae Thorell 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> FAMILY  HERSILIIDAE (  ARANEAE ) FROM VIETNAM </p>
            <p>Q. D. Hoang</p>
            <p>Tay Nguyen University, 567 Le Duan streets, Buon Ma Thuot city, Dak Lak province, 630000, Vietnam. Email: hqduy@ttn.edu.vn.</p>
            <p> Summary. Spider family  Hersiliidae and genus  Hersilia are recorded from Vietnam for the first time. New synonymy is proposed:  Hersilia sumatrana (Thorel, 1890) =  Hersilia pectinata Thorell, 1895 ,  syn. n. The species-group formerly known as  Hersilia pectinata is renamed  Hersilia sumatrana species-group. Furthermore, the detailed description, photographs of copulatory organs, and somatic features of  H. sumatrana are also provided. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCB4751830703BFB281461BFE78042	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hoang, Q. D.	Hoang, Q. D. (2024): FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS HERSILIA AUDOUIN, 1826 AND FAMILY HERSILIIDAE (ARANEAE) FROM VIETNAM. Far Eastern Entomologist 509: 15-20, DOI: 10.25221/fee.509.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.509.4
03DCB4751831703AF87215CFBEC78650.text	03DCB4751831703AF87215CFBEC78650.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hersilia sumatrana (Thorell 1890)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hersilia sumatrana species-group </p>
            <p> DIAGNOSIS. The  Hersilia sumatrana species-group can be distinguished from other congeners by the presence of a pronounced angular projection accompanied by 4–7 strong spines dorsally on the male palpal tibia; the lamellar modifications on the bulbus and crenulae on a complex median apophysis is present (up to 8 crenulae) or absent in some species (including:  H. orvakalensis ,  H. sumatrana and  H. thailandica ), along with a long, ridged embolus. Female is distinguished by presented a median epigynal plate with basal rippled pads, and a longitudinal rippled pad, medially. For more detail diagnostic characters, refer to Baehr &amp; Baehr (1993) and Javed et al. (2010). </p>
            <p> SPECIES INCLUDED.  Hersilia hildebrandti Karsch, 1878 ,  H. incompta Benoit, 1971 ,  H. orvakalensis Javed, Foord et Tampal, 2010 ,  H. scrupulosa Foord et Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006 ,  H. sumatrana (Thorell, 1890) ,  H. thailandica Dankittipakul et Singtripop, 2011 ,  H. tibialis M. Baehr et B. Baehr, 1993 , and  H. wraniki Rheims, Brescovit et van Harten, 2004 . </p>
            <p>DISTRIBUTION. Vietnam (new record), Tanzania, Ivory Coast, India, Kenya, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Yemen.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCB4751831703AF87215CFBEC78650	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hoang, Q. D.	Hoang, Q. D. (2024): FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS HERSILIA AUDOUIN, 1826 AND FAMILY HERSILIIDAE (ARANEAE) FROM VIETNAM. Far Eastern Entomologist 509: 15-20, DOI: 10.25221/fee.509.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.509.4
03DCB47518317038FA9F1312B86F8527.text	03DCB47518317038FA9F1312B86F8527.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hersilia sumatrana (Thorell 1890)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hersilia sumatrana (Thorell, 1890)</p>
            <p>Figs 1–13</p>
            <p> Chalinura sumatrana Thorell, 1890: 319 (female). </p>
            <p> Hersilia sumatrana Thorell, 1890: 8 (female); Baehr &amp; Baehr, 1993: 50 (female). </p>
            <p> Hersilia pectinata Thorell, 1895: 58 (male); Pococck, 1990: 241; Baehr &amp; Baehr, 1993: 48 (male); syn. n. </p>
            <p>REMARK. For a complete list of references see World Spider Catalog (2024).</p>
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                  MATERIAL EXAMINED. Vietnam: Dak Lak Prov.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.08487/lat 12.7206)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.08487&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.7206">Buon Ma Thuot City</a>
                 , 12.7206°N, 108.08487°E, 531 m, 10.XI 2021, 2♂ (VNMN-ARA-HER-001 and 002), 2♀ (VNMN-ARA- HER-003 and 004), leg. H.Q. Duy. 
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            <p> DIAGNOSIS. Male of the species  Hersilia sumatrana can be distinguished from other members of the group by following characteristics: tibia with an angulated projection dorsally with a group of 4 strong spines and 2 separated spines (Figs 5, 7 and Fig. 32d in Baehr &amp; Baehr, 1993), cymbium with ca. 12 (Baehr &amp; Baehr, 1993) or 15 apical spines (Figs 6–7) (below 8 spines in others), and median apophysis without any crenulae on the retrolateral border (Figs 6, 8). The female is mostly similar to those of the species  H. tibialis , however, differs by epigyne with convex posterior border (Fig. 12) vs. triangular in  H. tibialis (Baehr &amp; Baehr, 1993: fig. 34e); basal rippled pad wider and circular (Figs 12–13) (narrow and almost triangular in  H. tibialis, Baehr &amp; Baehr, 1993 : fig. 34e). </p>
            <p>REDESCRIPTION. Male. Carapace length 3.31, width 3.77; Abdomen length 5.56, width 4.54. Clypeus height 0.64. Carapace rounded, yellowish brown with sparsely dark brown hairs, and margin dark brown. Eye area dark brown (Fig. 3). Clypeus yellow (Fig. 4) accompanied by white setae. Chelicerae dark brown, promargin with three teeth, retromargin with teen denticles. Abdomen: yellowish brown with dark brown pattern, four pairs of oval muscle impressions accompanied four pairs of sigilla each (Fig. 3). Spinnerets yellowish brown, posterior lateral spinnerets length 7.95 with blur dark annulate (Fig. 3). Legs yellowish brown, with blur dark annulate. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.37, ALE 0.14, PME 0.33, PLE 0.34, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.32, PME–PME 0.21, PME–PLE 0.30, AME–PME 0.14, ALE–PLE 0.15. Leg measurements: leg I: 42.35 (11.37; 1.80; 12.01, 11.84 + 4.39; 0.94), leg II: 38.61 (10.58; 1.63; 10.95; 10.80 + 3.64; 1.08), leg III: 9.59 (2.68; 0.75; 2.35; 2.97; 0.84), leg IV: 33.07 (8.81; 1.42; 8.36; 10.30 + 3.17; 1.01). Leg formula: I, II, IV, III.</p>
            <p>Palp (Figs 6–9): tibia about half the cymbium length, with an angulated projection dorsally and presence of a group of 4 strong spines close together and 2 strong separate spines (Figs 5, 7). Cymbium short, bearing 15 strong spines at the top (Figs 6–7). Median apophysis large, arising from the base, directed prolaterally without any crenulae (Figs 6, 8), beneath median apophysis with countless short thorns-like on the surface of tegulum. Embolus thin, curved, and slightly bevelled with lamella-like at the end (Figs 6–9).</p>
            <p>Female (Figs 10–13) almost similar to that of the male. Carapace length 3.58, width 4.41; Abdomen length 6.16, width 5.28. Clypeus height 0.81. Posterior lateral spinnerets length 9.02. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.31, ALE 0.12, PME 0.33, PLE 0.35, AME–AME 0.25, AME–ALE 0.40, PME–PME 0.22, PME–PLE 0.33, AME–PME 0.16, ALE–PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: leg I: 33.50 (10.07; 1.83; 8.79; 7.70 + 3.76; 1.35), leg II: 32.38 (9.66; 1.87; 8.71; 8.06 + 3.17; 0.91), leg III: 9.92 (3.11; 1.06; 2.33; 2.53; 0.89), leg IV: 28.39 (7.40; 1.53; 7.09; 8.34 + 2.89; 1.14). Leg formula: I, II, IV, III.</p>
            <p>Epigyne (Figs 12–13): large, sclerotized and presence of a median plate (Fig. 12); basal median plate strongly rippled; copulartory opening located posteriorly; primary spermathecae ovoid, separated and larger than secondary spermathecae; copulatory ducts mostly straight and partially obscured; fertilization ducts very long (Fig. 13).</p>
            <p>DISTRIBUTION. Myanmar, Brunei, Philippines, China, Malaysia, Indonesia (Baehr &amp; Baehr, 1993; Lin &amp; Li, 2022), and Vietnam (new record).</p>
            <p> NOTES. Until now, the species  Hersilia pectinata and  H. sumatrana were only known from opposite sexes. However, they share the same distribution areas in the Oriental region. </p>
            <p>Moreover, they were collected together in Vietnam within a rubber plantation (Figs 1–2), and exhibit similar general habitus in both sexes. Therefore, we consider them to be conspecific.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCB47518317038FA9F1312B86F8527	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hoang, Q. D.	Hoang, Q. D. (2024): FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS HERSILIA AUDOUIN, 1826 AND FAMILY HERSILIIDAE (ARANEAE) FROM VIETNAM. Far Eastern Entomologist 509: 15-20, DOI: 10.25221/fee.509.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.509.4
