identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D8C11B285D3539FE933B46FC461AA6.text	03D8C11B285D3539FE933B46FC461AA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diorchilepis LYKOVA ET AL. 2006	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> DIORCHILEPIS LYKOVA ET AL., 2006</p>
            <p>Diagnosis (according to Lykova et al., 2006): Small cestode with serial heteronomous maturation. Strobila can consist from one to four series of either male or hermaphroditic proglottides. Proglottides acraspedote. Scolex with rudimentary rostellum. Suckers expanding far beyond margins of scolex. Osmoregulatory canals without transverse anastomoses. Genital pores dextral. Cirrus-sac long, crossing midline of proglottid or even aporal osmoregulatory canals. Cirrus armed. Internal seminal vesicle absent; external seminal vesicle elongate. Testes two in male and hermaphroditic proglottides, one poral and one antiporal, situated in row at posterior margin of proglottis. Ovary trilobed. Vitellarium entire, postovarian. Seminal receptacle indistinct. Uterus initially horseshoe-shaped, sacciform in gravid proglottides, not extending into lateral fields. Asian part of the Palaearctic.</p>
            <p> Type and only species:  Diorchilepis ezoensis (Sawada &amp; Koyashu, 1991) Lykova et al., 2006 (syn.:  Ditestolepis ezoensis Sawada &amp; Koyashu, 1991 ). </p>
            <p> Remarks:  Diorchilepis is the only not yet sequenced genus of the ‘  Ditestolepis clade’. It is morphologically most similar to  Ecrinolepis ; the main difference between the two genera is the number of testes in proglottides.  Ecrinolepis has two testes in male and three testes in hermaphroditic proglottides, while all proglottides in  Diorchilepis contains only two testes (Fig. 4H, J).  Diorchilepis ezoensis was found in Nagano and Ishikawa Prefecture, Hokkaido, Japan (Sawada &amp; Koyasu, 1991a; Sawada et al., 1992; Sawada &amp; Harada, 1993). However, descriptions and figures provided in these publications contain some differences and discrepancies. Therefore, it is difficult to say whether they reported the same species. We attempted to re-study the type material deposited in the Meguro Parasitological Museum but, unfortunately, it did not contain any mounted slides and material in the vial proved to be in a very poor condition, unusable for morphological study. A morphological examination of fresh, properly fixed, specimens from Japanese shrews is necessary to clarify the taxonomic status of  D. ezoensis . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C11B285D3539FE933B46FC461AA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kornienko, Svetlana A.;Binkienė, Rasa;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Tkach, Vasyl V.	Kornienko, Svetlana A., Binkienė, Rasa, Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Tkach, Vasyl V. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 965-986
03D8C11B285D353CFC523D04FE871B22.text	03D8C11B285D353CFC523D04FE871B22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ditestolepis Soltys 1952	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> DITESTOLEPIS SOLTYS, 1952</p>
            <p>Amended diagnosis (modified after Spassky, 1954): Small cestodes with serial homonomous maturation. Strobila may consist of one to four series of proglottides. Premature and mature proglottides acraspedote, pregravid slightly craspedote. Scolex with rudimentary rostellum; suckers elongate, inside dorsal and ventral bothrium-like depressions. Osmoregulatory canals without transverse anastomoses. Genital pores dextral. Cirrus-sac crosses midline of proglottis. Cirrus armed, spines small, decreasing in size towards end of cirrus. Internal seminal vesicle absent. External seminal vesicle elongate. Testes three, in a triangle, one poral and two antiporal, one aporal testis very small, dorsal to external seminal vesicle. Ovary slightly bilobed. Vitellarium entire, postovarian. Seminal receptacle small, thin-walled. Uterus initially horseshoe-shaped,</p>
            <p>SYSTEMATICS OF PARASITIC CESTODES 975</p>
            <p>then ring-shaped, in gravid proglottides sacciform. Uteri of gravid proglottides within a series merge to form syncapsule. Palaearctic.</p>
            <p> Ty p e a n d o n ly s p e c i e s: D i t e s t o l e p i s d i a p h a n a (Cholodkowsky, 1906) Soltys, 1952 (syn:  Hymenolepis diaphana Cholodkowsky, 1906 ;  Dicranothaenia diaphana (Cholodkowsky, 1906) Skrjabin &amp; Mathevossian, 1948 ;  Neoskrjabinolepis diaphana (Cholodkowsky, 1906) Kobulej, 1953 ;  Soricinia diaphana (Cholodkowsky, 1906) Zarnowski, 1955 ;  Sinuterilepis spasskyi (Sadovskaya, 1965) . </p>
            <p> Remarks: The scolex of  D. diaphana is trapezoid in lateral view (Fig. 4A). Its strobila contains varying number of series of proglottides at different stages of development, which may be quite different in appearance (Fig. 3A). Uterine development in  Ditestolepis is particularly unusual. Initially the uterus is horseshoe-shaped, but in the process of maturation the posterior ends of the uterus merge to form a ring. Then the internal walls of ring-shaped uterus coalesce and the uterus becomes sac-like (Fig. 4E). Finally, the uteri of neighbouring gravid proglottides fuse and form a syncapsule uniting all gravid proglottides in a series. Eggs are embedded in a thick layer of matrix secreted by the uterine epithelium (Korneva et al., 2010). Although some previous descriptions reported an internal seminal vesicle in  D. diaphana (Vaucher, 1971) , the internal seminal vesicle is actually absent. Instead, there is a winding internal vas deferens forming a sac-like expansion filled with sperm, in the proximal part of the cirrus-sac (Fig. 4D). </p>
            <p> At different times  Ditestolepis included several species, namely  Ditestolepis secunda Schaldybin, 1964 ,  Ditestolepis quarta Karpenko, 1983 ,  Ditestolepis longicirrosa Sawada &amp; Harada, 1990 ,  Ditestolepis ezoensis Sawada &amp; Koyasu, 1991 ,  Ditestolepis cyclocephala Sawada &amp; Koyasu, 1991 ,  Ditestolepis m i n u t a S awa d a &amp; K o y a s u, 1 9 9 1, D i t e s t o l e p i s  crassisaccata Sawada &amp; Asakawa, 1992 ,  Ditestolepis grandiovarium Sawada et al., 1992 (Schaldybin, 1964; Karpenko, 1983; Sawada &amp; Harada, 1990; Sawada &amp; Koyasu, 1991a, b; Sawada &amp; Asakawa, 1992; Sawada et al., 1992). However, some of these species were transferred to other genera, e.g.  D. quarta and  D. secunda were moved into  Soricinia ,  D. ezoensis – into  Diorchilepis ,  D. crassisaccata – into  Spalania (Czaplinski &amp; Vaucher, 1994; Karpenko, 1999; Karpenko &amp; Chechulin, 2000; Lykova et al., 2006), while  D. longicirrosa was synonymized with  Ecrinolepis longibursata (Morozov, 1957) .  Ditestolepis cyclocephala ,  D. minuta and  D. grandiovarium from Japanese shrews do not conform to the generic diagnosis of  Ditestolepis or any other known genera and, therefore, their taxonomical position requires further clarification. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C11B285D353CFC523D04FE871B22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kornienko, Svetlana A.;Binkienė, Rasa;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Tkach, Vasyl V.	Kornienko, Svetlana A., Binkienė, Rasa, Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Tkach, Vasyl V. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 965-986
03D8C11B2858353DFF4E3D88FC151F52.text	03D8C11B2858353DFF4E3D88FC151F52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ecrinolepis Spassky & Karpenko 1983	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> ECRINOLEPIS SPASSKY &amp; KARPENKO, 1983</p>
            <p>Amended diagnosis (modified after Spassky &amp; Karpenko, 1983): Small cestodes with serial heteronomous maturation. Strobila may consist of one to four series of either male or hermaphroditic proglottides. Proglottides acraspedote. Scolex with rudimentary rostellum, suckers elongate, expanding far beyond margins of scolex. Osmoregulatory canals without transverse anastomoses. Genital pores dextral. Cirrus-sac long, reaches midline and may cross aporal osmoregulatory canals. Cirrus armed with heteromorphous spines. Internal seminal vesicle absent. External seminal vesicle elongate. Testes two in male and three in hermaphroditic proglottides, situated in line or in a triangle, one poral and one or two antiporal. Vagina may have sphincter. Seminal receptacle indistinct or well developed. Ovary trilobed. Vitellarium entire, postovarian. Uterus initially horseshoe-shaped, in gravid proglottides sacciform. Asian part of the Palaearctic.</p>
            <p> Type species:  Ecrinolepis longibursata (Morozov, 1957) Gulyaev, 1991 [syn.:  Hymenolepis longibursata Morozov, 1957 ;  Soricinia cirravaginata Eltyshev, 1975 ;  Ecrinolepis cirravaginata (Eltyshev, 1975) Spassky &amp; Karpenko, 1983 ;  Ecrinolepis mirabilis Spassky &amp; Karpenko, 1983 ,  Ditestolepis longicirrosa Sawada &amp; Harada, 1990 ]. </p>
            <p> Other species:  Ecrinolepis kontrimavichusi Mel’nikova et al., 2004;  Ecrinolepis macrospina (Karpenko, 1984) Gulyaev, 1991 (syn.:  Soricinia macrospina Karpenko, 1984 );  Ecrinolepis orientalis Mel’nikova et al., 2005;  Ecrinolepis safarbii Irzhavsky et al., 2005 . </p>
            <p> Remarks: Morozov (1957) described  Hymenolepis longibursata from  Sorex minutissimus Zimmermann (syn.:  Sorex tscherskii Ognev, 1914 ) from Yakutia (Russia) and Eltyshev (1975) described an additional species  Soricinia cirravaginata . Spassky &amp; Karpenko (1983) established a new genus  Ecrinolepis for cestodes of shrews from the Khabarovsk Krai (Russia) with the type species  Ecrinolepis mirabilis . Gulyaev (1991) demonstrated that  S. cirravaginata and  E. mirabilis were morphologically identical to  H. longibursata , which was transferred into  Ecrinolepis and became the type species of the genus. In addition, Gulyaev (1991) transferred  Soricinia collaris and  Soricinia macrospina described from the Far East of Russia (Karpenko, 1984b) into  Ecrinolepis . Later, Karpenko (1998) established a new genus  Spalania for  E. collaris and  E. crassisaccata based on the characteristic shape and armament of the cirrus and type of uterus development. </p>
            <p> Members of  Ecrinolepis demonstrate a great variability of the cirrus shape and armament. Their cirrus can be tube- or nipple-shaped, sometimes with bulbous broadening in its midsection; either the entire cirrus or its part can be covered with heteromorphic (needle-, claw- or conus-shaped) </p>
            <p> uterus transformation from horseshoe-shaped to sacciform by expansion of the posterior wall of uterus in  Spalania spp. ,  Ecrinolepis spp. ; G, initially sacciform uterus of  Spasskylepis ovaluteri ; H, hermaphroditic proglottis and male proglottis of  Diorchilepis ezoensis ; I, hermaphroditic proglottis and male proglottis of  Ecrinolepis kontrimavichusi . </p>
            <p> spines (Fig. 5A–C, F, G). Our detailed morphological re-examination of  Ecrinolepis species revealed that in the process of maturation their uteri transform from horseshoe-shaped into sacciform by expansion of its posterior wall rather than by coalescence of walls (Fig. 4F). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C11B2858353DFF4E3D88FC151F52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kornienko, Svetlana A.;Binkienė, Rasa;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Tkach, Vasyl V.	Kornienko, Svetlana A., Binkienė, Rasa, Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Tkach, Vasyl V. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 965-986
03D8C11B285A353EFF2638E5FE981A6E.text	03D8C11B285A353EFF2638E5FE981A6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gulyaevilepis Kornienko & Binkiene 2014	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> GULYAEVILEPIS KORNIENKO &amp; BINKIENė, 2014</p>
            <p>Diagnosis (according to Kornienko &amp; Binkienė, 2014): Small cestode with serial heteronomous maturation. Each series ends with one or two sterile proglottides. Proglottides acraspedote, wider than long, gravid longer than wide. Rostellum rudimentary. Suckers elongate, inside dorsal and ventral bothrium-like depressions of scolex. Osmoregulatory canals without transverse anastomoses. Three testes situated in a triangle, one poral and two antiporal. Cirrus armed. Internal seminal vesicles absent. External seminal vesicles elongate. Cirrus-sac reaches or slightly crosses midline of proglottis. Genital pores dextral. Vagina armed. Seminal receptacle indistinct. Ovary beanshaped, entire or slightly bilobed. Vitellarium entire. Uterus initially horseshoe-shaped, then transforms to become sacciform. European part of the Palaearctic.</p>
            <p> Type and only species:  Gulyaevilepis tripartita (Zarnowski, 1955) Kornienko &amp; Binkienė, 2014 . </p>
            <p> Remarks: Besides male and hermaphroditic proglottides,  G. tripartita has one or two sterile proglottides in each series of the strobila (Fig. 3B). The uterus transforms from horseshoe-shaped to sacciform without coalescence of the walls (Kornienko &amp; Binkienė, 2014). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C11B285A353EFF2638E5FE981A6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kornienko, Svetlana A.;Binkienė, Rasa;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Tkach, Vasyl V.	Kornienko, Svetlana A., Binkienė, Rasa, Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Tkach, Vasyl V. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 965-986
03D8C11B285A353EFE8A3C44FB441AD9.text	03D8C11B285A353EFE8A3C44FB441AD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mathevolepis Spassky 1948	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> MATHEVOLEPIS SPASSKY, 1948</p>
            <p>(FIGS 3E, 4H, J)</p>
            <p>A m e n d e d d i a g n o s i s (m o d i f i e d a f t e r: G u l y a e v &amp; Karpenko, 1998): Small cestodes with serial homonomous maturation. Strobila consists of one to four series of proglottides with up to 13 proglottides per series. Proglottides acraspedote, initially wider than long, gravid longer than wide. Scolex with rudimentary rostellum. Suckers with muscular edge, expand far beyond margins of scolex. Osmoregulatory canals without transverse anastomoses. Genital pores dextral. Cirrus-sac long, crossing midline of proglottis and may cross aporal osmoregulatory canals. Cirrus armed. Internal seminal vesicle absent. External seminal vesicle elongate. Testes three, in row or a triangle, one poral, and two antiporal. Vaginal sphincter present or absent. Ovary entire or trilobed. Vitellarium entire, postovarian. Seminal receptacle indistinct. Uterus initially horseshoe-shaped, then ring-shaped, in gravid proglottides sacciform. In Holarctic.</p>
            <p> Type species:  Mathevolepis petrotschenkoi Spassky, 1948 . </p>
            <p> Other species:  Mathevolepis alpina Binkienė &amp; Kontrimavichus, 2012 ;  Mathevolepis junlanae Melnikova et al., 2004 ;  Mathevolepis ketеnchievi I r z h av s k y e t a l., 2 0 0 5; M a t h e v o l e p i s l a r b i c u s Karpenko, 1982;  Mathevolepis macyi (Locker &amp; Rausch, 1952) Gulyaev &amp; Karpenko, 1998 [syn.:  Hymenolepis macyi Locker &amp; Rausch, 1952 ;  Soricina macyi (Locker &amp; Rausch, 1952) Zarnowski, 1956 ];  Mathevolepis skrjabini (Sadovskaya, 1965) Gulyaev &amp; Karpenko, 1998 [syn.:  Cucurbilepis skrjabini Sadovskaja, 1965 ;  Cucurbilepis trifolia Karpenko, 1983 ;  Soricinia japonica Sawada &amp; Koyasu, 1991 ;  Sinuterilepis diglobovari sensu Eltyshev, 1975 nec Sadovskaya, 1965 (Gulyaev, 1991)]. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C11B285A353EFE8A3C44FB441AD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kornienko, Svetlana A.;Binkienė, Rasa;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Tkach, Vasyl V.	Kornienko, Svetlana A., Binkienė, Rasa, Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Tkach, Vasyl V. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 965-986
03D8C11B285A353FFC133CC1FBF81F39.text	03D8C11B285A353FFC133CC1FBF81F39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Novobrachylepis Ozdikmen 2010	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> NOVOBRACHYLEPIS ÖZDIKMEN, 2010</p>
            <p>A m e n d e d d i a g n o s i s (m o d i f i e d a f t e r K a r p e n k o &amp; Gulyaev, 1999): Small cestodes with gradual maturation. Scolex with rudimentary rostellum. Proglottides acraspedote, initially wider than long, gravid longer than wide. Suckers expanding far beyond margins of scolex. Osmoregulatory canals without transverse anastomoses. Genital pores dextral. Cirrus-sac long, crosses midline; cirrus armed. Internal seminal vesicle absent, external seminal vesicle elongate. Testes three, in a triangle, one poral and two antiporal. Vaginal sphincter present. Seminal receptacle indistinct. Ovary trilobed. Vitellarium entire, postovarian. Uterus initially horseshoe-shaped, in gravid proglottides sacciform. Asian part of the Palaearctic.</p>
             KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS  MATHEVOLEPIS 1a. Number of proglottides more than 6 ............................................................................................................. 2  1b. Number of proglottides 6 or less .......................................................................  Mathevolepis petrotschenkoi 2a. Each series contains 9–13 proglottides .....................................................................  Mathevolepis skrjabini2b. Each series contains 2–6 proglottides ........................................................................................................... 33a. Vaginal sphincter present .............................................................................................................................. 4 3b. Vaginal sphincter absent.................................................................................................  Mathevolepis macyi4a. Cirrus-sac crossing aporal osmoregulatory canals .......................................................................................54b. Cirrus-sac not crossing aporal osmoregulatory canals................................................................................. 6 5a. Cirrus-sac M-shaped, 320–360 long........................................................................  Mathevolepis ketenchievi 5b. Cirrus-sac inverted V-shaped, 143–204 long ...............................................................  Mathevolepis alpina 6a. Cirrus-sac, S-shaped, 170–210 long, reaching aporal osmoregulatory canals .........  Mathevolepis larbicus 6b. Cirrus-sac straight, 125–150 long, not reaching aporal osmoregulatory canals ..........  Mathevolepis junlanae
            <p> Type species:  Novobrachylepis morosovi (Karpenko, 1993) Özdikmen, 2010 [syn.:  Mathevolepis morosovi Karpenko, 1993 ;  Brachylepis morosovi (Karpenko, 1993) Karpenko &amp; Gulyaev, 1999 ]. </p>
            <p> Other species:  Novobrachylepis sorextscherskii (Morozov, 1957) Özdikmen, 2010 [syn.:  Cucurbilepis sorextscherskii Morozov, 1957 ,  Cucurbilepis sorex Morozov, 1957 ;  Mathevolepis sorextscherskii (Morozov, 1957) Gulyaev, 1991 ;  Brachylepis sorextscherskii (Morozov, 1957) Karpenko &amp; Gulyaev, 1999 );  Soricinia longisegmentalis Sawada &amp; Kobayashi, 1994 ].  Novobrachylepis triovaria (Karpenko, 1990) Özdikmen, 2010 [syn.:  Mathevolepis triovaria Karpenko, 1990 ;  Brachylepis triovaria (Karpenko, 1990) Karpenko &amp; Gulyaev, 1999 ].  Novobrachylepis gulyaevi (Kornienko &amp; Lykova, 2005) Özdikmen, 2010 (syn.:  Brachylepis gulyaevi Kornienko &amp; Lykova, 2005 ). </p>
            <p> Remarks: Karpenko &amp; Gulyaev (1999) established the genus  Brachylepis for cestodes from shrews with gradual maturation of the strobila (Fig. 3C). However, Özdikmen (2010) has established that the name  Brachylepis was preoccupied and, therefore,  Brachylepis was renamed as  Novobrachylepis . Uterus development in  Novobrachylepis follows a pattern similar to that also seen in  Mathevolepis and  Ditestolepis , namely the transformation of the initially horseshoe-shaped young uterus into ring-shaped and finally, into sacciform (Korneva et al., 2010; Korneva &amp; Kornienko, 2014). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C11B285A353FFC133CC1FBF81F39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kornienko, Svetlana A.;Binkienė, Rasa;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Tkach, Vasyl V.	Kornienko, Svetlana A., Binkienė, Rasa, Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Tkach, Vasyl V. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 965-986
03D8C11B285B3520FC4C3991FDE91DB2.text	03D8C11B285B3520FC4C3991FDE91DB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spalania	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> SPALANIA KARPENKO, 1998 </p>
            <p>Amended diagnosis (modified after Karpenko &amp; Chechulin, 2000): Small cestodes with serial heteronomous maturation. Strobila can consist of one to four series of either male or hermaphroditic proglottides. Proglottides acraspedote. Scolex with rudimentary rostellum. Suckers expanding far beyond margins of scolex. Osmoregulatory canals without transverse anastomoses. Genital pores dextral. Cirrus-sac may reach or slightly cross, midline of proglottis. Cirrus armed with heteromorphous spines. Protrusible, armed accessory sac present. Internal seminal vesicle absent. External seminal vesicle elongate. Testes two in male and three in hermaphroditic proglottides, situated in row, one poral and two antiporal. Seminal receptacle indistinct. Ovary trilobed. Vitellarium entire, postovarian. Uterus initially horseshoe-shaped, in gravid proglottides sacciform. Asian part of the Palaearctic.</p>
            <p> Type species:  Spalania collaris (Karpenko, 1984) Karpenko, 1998 [syn.:  Soricinia collaris Karpenko, 1984 ;  Soricinia aporalis Karpenko, 1984 ;  Ecrinolepis collaris (Karpenko, 1984) Gulyaev, 1991 ;  Cucurbilepis skrjabini Sadovskaya, 1965 sensu Sawada, Harada &amp; Oda, 1995 ]. </p>
            <p> Other species:  Spalania crassisaccata (Sawada &amp; Asakawa, 1992) Karpenko, 1998 (syn.:  Ditestolepis crassisaccata Sawada &amp; Asakawa, 1992 ). </p>
             KEY TO THE SPECIES OF  NOVOBRACHYLEPIS 1a. Number of proglottides less than 19..............................................................................................................2 1b. Number of proglottides more than 20 ...........................................................................................................3 2a. Number of proglottides 10–11; vagina S-shaped; cirrus-sac making a loop, reaching aporal osmoregulatory canals, 160–240 long; cirrus 170–200 long; eggs number 140–160................................................................ .......................................................................................................................  Novobrachylepis sorextscherskii 2b. Number of proglottides 9–11; vagina straight; cirrus-sac straight, not reaching aporal osmoregulatory canals, 95–130 long; cirrus 75–95 long; eggs number 80–100........................................................................ .............................................................................................. ..................................  Novobrachylepis triovaria 3a. Vagina S-shaped; cirrus-sac 160–180 long; cirrus 250–260 long ................................................................... ......................................................................................... ........................................  Novobrachylepis gulyaevi 3b. Vagina straight; cirrus-sac 90–127 long; cirrus 80–105 long .....................................  Novobrachylepis morosovi
            <p> Remarks: The genus  Spalania was established for  Ecrinolepis collaris and  E. crassisaccata on the basis of the presence of accessory copulatory sac of the cirrus (Fig. 5D, E) and a peculiar type of uterus development (Karpenko &amp; Chechulin, 2000). The generic diagnosis of  Spalania contained some erroneous information regarding the presence of a glandular organ in scolex, as well as the position of testes and development of the uterus. In addition, some authors believed that the cirrus shape and armament were not sufficient characters to justify a new genus and thus doubted the validity of  Spalania . Therefore,  S. collaris and  S. crassisacata were returned into  Ecrinolepis (Kornienko, 2001; Mel’nikova et al., 2004, 2005; Irzhavsky et al., 2005; Lykova, 2005). However, our phylogenetic analysis has shown that these two species with the armed accessory sac form an independent clade in the phylogenetic tree, distinct from  Ecrinolepis . Consequently, we consider the genus  Spalania a valid taxon with the type-species  S. collaris . Re-examination of  S. collaris and  S. crassisacata revealed the presence of two testes in male proglottides and three in hermaphroditic proglottides, in both cases situated in a transverse row. Unlike all other genera, in  Spalania the initially horseshoe-shaped uterus develops into sacciform uterus during maturation by the expansion of the posterior part of the uterus. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C11B285B3520FC4C3991FDE91DB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kornienko, Svetlana A.;Binkienė, Rasa;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Tkach, Vasyl V.	Kornienko, Svetlana A., Binkienė, Rasa, Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Tkach, Vasyl V. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 965-986
03D8C11B28443520FDDB3DEDFA841873.text	03D8C11B28443520FDDB3DEDFA841873.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spalania	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> KEY TO THE SPECIES OF  SPALANIA</p>
            <p> 1a. Cirrus-sac not reaching midline, cirrus 48–52 long, distal part of cirrus not armed ......  Spalania collaris</p>
            <p> 1b. Cirrus-sac reaching midline, cirrus 90–105 long, entire cirrus armed ....................  Spalania crassisaccata</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C11B28443520FDDB3DEDFA841873	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kornienko, Svetlana A.;Binkienė, Rasa;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Tkach, Vasyl V.	Kornienko, Svetlana A., Binkienė, Rasa, Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Tkach, Vasyl V. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 965-986
03D8C11B28443520FE9A3C15FC6E1DB1.text	03D8C11B28443520FE9A3C15FC6E1DB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spasskylepis Schaldybin 1964	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> SPASSKYLEPIS SCHALDYBIN, 1964</p>
            <p>Amended diagnosis (modified after Gulyaev et al., 2004): Small cestodes with serial homonomous maturation. Strobila can consist of one to four series of proglottides. Proglottides slightly craspedote, young wider than long, gravid longer than wide. Scolex with rudimentary rostellum. Suckers elongate, inside dorsal andventralbothrium-likedepressions.Osmoregulatory canals without transverse anastomoses. Genital pores dextral. Testes three, in a triangle, one poral and two antiporal. Cirrus-sac crosses midline of proglottis. Cirrus armed, internal seminal vesicle absent, external seminal vesicle elongate. Ovary trilobed. Vitellarium entire, postovarian. Seminal receptacle indistinct. Uterus sacciform. Holarctic.</p>
            <p> Type species:  Spasskylepis ovaluteri Schaldybin, 1964 (syn.:  Spasskylepis pheodorovi Karpenko, 1984 ). </p>
            <p> Other species:  Spasskylepis tiunovi Lykova , Mel'nikova &amp; Karpenko, 2005;  Spasskylepis rauschi Gulyaev, Dokuchaev &amp; Lykova, 2010 . </p>
            <p> Remarks:  Spasskylepis ovaluteri is morphologically similar to  Ditestolepis diaphana (Fig. 3A, D), therefore  S. ovaluteri was often misidentified as  D. diaphana (Vaucher, 1971; Genov, 1984; Haukisalmi, 1989; Gulyaev, 1991). Gulyaev et al. (2004) redescribed  S. ovaluteri and restored the validity of the genus  Spasskylepis , which was later confirmed by molecular phylogeny (Haukisalmi et al., 2010). One of the main differences between species of  Ditestolepis and  Spasskylepis is the uterus development. The uterus of  D. diaphana transforms from initially horseshoe-shaped into sacciform, while the uterus of  S. ovaluteri is sacciform from the very beginning of its development (Fig. 4G). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C11B28443520FE9A3C15FC6E1DB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kornienko, Svetlana A.;Binkienė, Rasa;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Tkach, Vasyl V.	Kornienko, Svetlana A., Binkienė, Rasa, Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Tkach, Vasyl V. (2019): Molecular phylogeny and systematics of cestodes with rudimentary rostellum (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Holarctic Sorex shews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 965-986
