taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E587A1FFBCE937FF1E649B8DBC8C32.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Cortinarius anomalus (Fr.) Fr.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBCE937FF1E649B8DBC8C32.taxon	description	Basidiomata small-, medium- to large-sized; pileus greyish, yellowish to brownish, some species with olive or bluish to violaceous tinges; lamellae often greyish blue, bluish to violaceous when young; stipe often whitish at first, then discolouring yellowish, bluish at the apex, base usually enlarged at first, then cylindrical to clavate, basal mycelium white to bluish; universal veil white, bluish, yellowish or grey, spares to copious; context thin to thick, white at first, with bluish tinges at the stipe apex, usually discolouring yellowish, sometimes hollow in the stipe; basidiospores globoid to subgloboid or broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, mostly moderately verrucose, rarely weakly or coarsely verrucose; pileipellis typically duplex; clamp connections present; associated with broadleaf trees, conifers, shrubs, and subshrubs.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE937FF1E623B8A9B8932.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to morphological similarity with Cortinarius albocyaneus.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE937FF1E623B8A9B8932.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Genhe County, Mangui Town, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 630 m, 24 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie (holotype HMJAU 48664).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE937FF1E623B8A9B8932.taxon	description	Pileus 16 – 64 mm diam., at first convex, later plane to plano-convex, margin persistently incurved, becoming ± wavy, surface somewhat viscid and weakly hygrophanous when moist, somewhat wrinkled, at first with some greyish white universal veil, especially at the margin, smooth when mature, greyish lilac to dull violet grey when young, then slightly greyish ochraceous to greyish brown, with violet tinge. Lamellae subadnate at first, then emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish violet when young, later greyish ochraceous to brown, edges somewhat paler, even. Stipe 50 – 95 mm long, 6 – 10 mm thick, cylindrical to subcylindical, slightly thickened at the base, surface shiny white fibrillose, violet tinged when young, later dull whitish to yellowish. Universal veil whitish to greyish white, forming fibrils on pileus surface and sock like sheath on the stipe when young, later becoming yellowish. Context fleshy, hygrophanous when moist, soft, becoming hollow, at first greyish violet at the pileus and upper part of stipe, yellowish below, becoming yellowish in age. Odour indistinct. Taste mild. Basidiospores (6.9 –) 7.3 – 8.7 × 5.8 – 6.8 μm, Q = 1.11 – 1.34, Xav. = 7.6 – 7.9 × 6.2 – 6.5 μm, Qav. = 1.20 – 1.25, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae loosely interwoven, hyaline or yellowish to yellowish brown, 2 – 10.5 μm wide, smooth; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 10 – 22 μm wide, hyaline or slightly yellowish brown, somewhat cellular, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE937FF1E623B8A9B8932.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Solitary or gregarious in mixed forests of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla. Known from Northeast China, as well as from Japan based on molecular data.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE937FF1E623B8A9B8932.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Genhe County, Mangui Town, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 630 m, 24 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48637, HMJAU 48663; Genhe County, Mangui Town, Ningcuishan Park, in mixed forests of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 820 m, 25 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48665 Additional nrITS sequences data from public sequence repositories: Japan, Yamanashi, Mount Fuji, AB 848433, YM 580 from root tip, as uncultured Cortinarius in GenBank; Morioka, Pinus densiflora, AB 251830, Pdmt 24 as uncultured ectomycorrhizal fungus in GenBank; Hokkaido, Abies sachalinensis, LC 711478, a 317 _ GR 1 _ ma _ td _ 4 _ 1 _ sirokoke 2 _ e 192 _ TD from root tip, as uncultured fungus in GenBank, LC 711479, a 207 _ GR 1 _ chi 7 _ 1 _ sirokoke 1 from root tip, as uncultured fungus in GenBank, LC 711480, a 302 _ GR 1 _ chi 3 _ 2 _ sirokoke 2 from root tip, as uncultured fungus; LC 711481, a 102 _ PC 1 _ chi 7 _ 2 _ sirokoke from root tip, as uncultured fungus in GenBank.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE937FF1E623B8A9B8932.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius albocyaneoides produces small- to medium-sized basidiomata, a greyish violet to greyish brown pileus, and subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. The Chinese specimens occur in mixed forests of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla. Moreover, based on the root data from Japan, this species also occurs with Pinus and Abies. Its appearance is similar to that of C. albocyaneus and C. epsomiensis. However, the basidiospores of C. albocyaneus and C. epsomiensis are rather large, on average 8.5 – 9 × 6 – 7.5 μm and 8.5 – 9 × 7 – 8 μm, respectively (Dima et al. 2016). The nrITS sequences of all Chinese specimens are identical and the holotype differs from other known members of sect. Anomali by at least 17 substitutions and indel positions. Six nrITS sequences in GenBank that originated from Japan, AB 848433 from an ectomycorrhizal root tip in the Fuji Mountains, AB 251830 from an uncultured specimen in Morioka and LC 711478 – LC 711481 from ectomycorrhizal root tips of Abies sachalinensis in Hokkaido, are clustered with Chinese collections and considered as C. albocyaneoides.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE936FCA0673B8DFB8572.taxon	description	Pileus 37 – 65 mm diam., sometimes up to 100 mm, at first convex, later plane to plano-convex, margin persistently incurved, surface somewhat viscid and weakly hygrophanous when young or moist, somewhat shiny to distinctly glittery when dry, at first with veil remnants, especially at the margin, smooth when mature, light blue to greyish blue when young, finally slightly greyish ochraceous to greyish brown, rarely entirely light blue even when old. Lamellae subadnate at first, then emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish violet when young, later greyish ochraceous to brown, edges paler, uneven. Stipe 45 – 100 mm long, 4 – 10 mm thick, cylindrical to clavate, slightly thickened at the base, surface shiny white fibrillose, at first pale violet, later becoming bluish tinged at apex, yellowish to brownish downwards, basal mycelium whitish, sometimes with bluish tinges. Universal veil sparse, bluish white, forming fibrils on pileus surface and sock like sheath on the stipe, later becoming yellowish. Context rather thin, hygrophanous when moist, stipe sometimes hollow, at first bluish white at the pileus and upper part of the stipe, yellowish below, later becoming yellowish. Odour somewhat radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores (6.0 –) 7.6 – 8.9 × (4.6 –) 5.8 – 7.2 μm, Q = 1.14 – 1.32, Xav. = 8.1 × 6.7 μm, Qav. = 1.21 – 1.24, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, moderately verrucose, indextrinoid. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae upward loosely entangled, hyaline or yellowish brown, 3 – 7 μm wide, smooth or weakly encrusted; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 7 – 22 μm wide, hyaline or slightly yellowish brown, enlarged, almost isodiametric, somewhat irregular. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE936FCA0673B8DFB8572.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Solitary or gregarious under deciduous forests of Betula and / or Quercus, also in mixed forests of Betula and Pinaceae (Abies, Larix and / or Pinus). Known from Beijing, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Sichuan of China. Widespread in Europe, North America and Siberia of Russia as well.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE936FCA0673B8DFB8572.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: China, Beijing Municipality, Fangshan District, Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, in Betula albosinensis forest, alt. 1850 – 1970 m, 25 Aug. 2020, K. Wang, HMAS 291443, HMAS 291444, HMAS 291446, T. Z. Wei, HMAS 295967; Hebei Province, Laiyuan County, Baishishan Geopark, in Betula albosinensis forest, alt. 1900 m, 21 Aug. 2019, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48707, HMJAU 48708, HMJAU 48712; 21 Aug. 2020, Y. B. Guo, HMAS 291406; 25 Aug. 2020, T. T. Fan, HMAS 291371, HMAS 291374, X. N. Shan, HMAS 291360; Heilongjiang Province, Dongning County, alt. 415 m, 5 Sep. 2009, T. Z. Wei, HMAS 260342; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Genhe County, Mangui Town, Ningcuishan Park, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 820 m, 25 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44483; Arxan County, in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 1200 m, 22 Aug. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44498, HMJAU 44499, HMJAU 44500; Kalaqin Qi, Ma’anshan National Forest Park, 2 Sep. 2019, T. Z. Liu & Y. M. Gao, CFSZ 21464; Ningcheng County, Heilihe National Nature Reserve, Dabagou, 29 Aug. 2019, T. Z. Liu & Wulantuya, CFSZ 21343; Jilin Province, Antu County, Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 1100 m, 6 Sep. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44501; 19 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48740; in Quercus mongolica dominated forest with Betula platyphylla and Aceraceae, alt. 770 m, 20 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48741; Yanji County, Sandaowan Town, Wupiyegou, in Quercus mongolica forest, alt. 580 m, 7 Sep. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44502, HMJAU 44503, HMJAU 44504; 4 Sep. 2019, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48709, HMJAU 48710, HMJAU 48711; 22 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48742; Sichuan Province, Xiaojin County, Siguniang Mountain, alt. 2014 m, 15 Aug. 2013, W. L. Lu, HMAS 268389, HMAS 268417, HMAS 268519; in mixed forest with Abies, alt. 3468 m, 17 Aug. 2015, T. Z. Wei & D. Wang, HMAS 274394, HMAS 274404; Balang Mountain, in mixed forest of Abies and Betula, alt. 3459 m, 18 Aug. 2015, T. Z. Wei & D. Wang, HMAS 274469, HMAS 274474; in mixed forest of Abies, Betula and Pinus, alt. 3345 m, 19 Aug. 2015, T. Z. Wei & D. Wang, HMAS 274507.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBEE936FCA0673B8DFB8572.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius albocyaneus, a newly recorded species in China, is a very common species and widely distributed in the temperate zone of Northern Hemisphere. It is characterized by a greyish blue, somewhat viscid, weakly hygrophanous pileus in young or moist conditions. Phylogenetically, C. albocyaneus formed a sister relationship with North American C. caeruleoanomalus from which it differs by seven substitutions and indel positions. The nrITS sequences between Chinese specimens and epitype specimen of C. albocyaneus (KX 302206) are identical or have one to two substitutions.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBFE936FCAF63DB8B7A8A92.taxon	description	Pileus 50 – 110 mm diam., hemispherical at first, later convex to plane, somewhat wavy at the margin, surface viscid to somewhat glutinous when moist, somewhat shiny to distinctly glittery when dry, not hygrophanous, innately fibrillose, sometimes wrinkled when mature, at first pale to yellowish, then brownish yellow, paler at the margin. Lamellae emarginate at first, then adnate, moderately crowded, violet when young, later greyish brown to rusty brown, edges almost even. Stipe 55 – 120 mm long, 12 – 23 mm thick, cylindrical to subcylindical, slightly thickened at the base, surface with white fibrillose, later becoming yellowish, bluish tinge at the stipe apex, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil yellowish, forming a sock like sheath on the stipe. Context fleshy, thick, strong bluish violet when young, especially at the stipe apex, later white to yellowish, sometimes somewhat hollow in the stipe when mature. Odour indistinct or somewhat raphanoid. Taste mild. Basidiospores 7.4 – 9.7 × 6.3 – 7.7 μm, Q = 1.06 – 1.34, Xav. = 7.9 – 9.0 × 6.8 – 7.0 μm, Qav. = 1.15 – 1.27, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid, rather weakly to moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae upward loosely entangled, hyaline or yellowish to yellowish brown, 3 – 7 μm wide, smooth; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 9 – 25 μm wide, hyaline or slightly yellowish brown, cylindrical, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBFE936FCAF63DB8B7A8A92.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Solitary or gregarious under Betula and / or Quercus. Known from Northeast China. Widespread in Europe and Siberia of Russia as well.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBFE936FCAF63DB8B7A8A92.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: China, Heilongjiang Province, Heihe City, ShengshanNationalNatureReserve, in Betulaplatyphylla forest, alt. 300 m, 20 Aug. 2017, G. H. Cheng, HMJAU 48654, HMJAU 48655, HMJAU 48713; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Arxan County, in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 1200 m, 22 Aug. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48656; Jilin Province, Antu County, Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, in Quercus mongolica dominated forest with Betula platyphylla and Aceraceae, alt. 770 m, 20 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48734, HMJAU 48735, HMJAU 48736, HMJAU 48737; Yanji County, Sandaowan town, Wupiyegou, in Quercus mongolica forest, alt. 580 m, 7 Sep. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48657; Jiaohe County, Haiqing Forest Farm, in broadleaf forest of Betula platyphylla and Aceraceae, alt. 360 m, 13 Sep. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48658.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBFE936FCAF63DB8B7A8A92.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius azureovelatus is a newly recorded species in China. It is characterized by its robust, ochraceous basidiomata, and viscid to somewhat glutinous pileus. Bluish tinges are only present on the lamellae and stipe apex of young specimens. This species usually occurs in broadleaf forests, associated with Betula and Quercus. The sister species of C. azureovelatus is C. albidipes from which it differs by six substitutions and indel positions in nrITS region, with a similarity of 99.0 %.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E931FF1E63DB8B208C72.taxon	etymology	Etymology: From the Latin campanus-, bell, referring to the shape of the pileus and associated with sect. Anomali.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E931FF1E63DB8B208C72.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Sejila Mountain, in Abies georgei var. smithii forest with Rhododendron, alt. 4120 m, 5 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie (holotype HMJAU 48748).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E931FF1E63DB8B208C72.taxon	description	Pileus 10 – 53 mm diam., campanulate when young, then expanded with a broadly umbonate, margin becoming ± wavy, surface somewhat viscid and weakly hygrophanous when moist, wrinkled when mature, at first surface with patches of yellowish universal veil remnants, dull greyish orange to brown. Lamellae subadnate to adnexed, subdistant, violet white to greyish violet when young, later greyish orange to brown, edges paler, even. Stipe 45 – 90 mm long, 4 – 9 mm thick above, cylindrical, surface yellowish fibrillose, bluish tinges at the upper part, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil yellowish, forming fibrils on the pileus and sock like sheath on the stipe. Context thin, hygrophanous when moist, stipe hollow, greyish brown with bluish tinges at first, especially at the stipe apex. Odour radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores (8.1 –) 8.7 – 9.7 (– 11.6) × (6.2 –) 6.6 – 7.7 (– 8.7) μm, Q = 1.14 – 1.48, Xav. = 9.2 – 9.4 × 7.1 – 7.2 μm, Qav. = 1.31 – 1.32, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, rather weakly, finely verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae parallel, hyaline or yellowish to yellowish brown, 4 – 11 μm wide, smooth to slightly encrusted; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 10 – 30 μm wide, hyaline to yellowish, somewhat cellular. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E931FF1E63DB8B208C72.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Gregarious in moist moss under coniferous forests. Known from Sichuan, Taiwan and Xizang of China.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E931FF1E63DB8B208C72.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: China, Sichuan Province, Li County, Bipenggou, nearby Zhuomatan, in Pinus dominated forest with Rhododendron, alt. 3616 m, 23 Aug. 2015, T. Z. Wei & D. Wang, HMAS 254393, HMAS 254399, HMAS 275083, HMAS 275110; Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Sejila Mountain, in Abies georgei var. smithii forest with Rhododendron, alt. 4250 m, 30 Aug. 2019, M. L. Xie & J. Z. Li, HMJAU 48692, HMJAU 48693. Additional nrITS sequences data from public sequence repositories: China, Taiwan Province, Hehuan Mountain, KC 679831, wii 1 A 4 sp 9 from ectomycorrhiza samples of Abies kawakamii and Tsuga chinensis var. formosana mixed forest, as Cortinarius sp. in GenBank.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E931FF1E63DB8B208C72.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius campanianomalus is characterized by its slender basidiomata, campanulate, weakly hygrophanous, ± wrinkled pileus, a yellowish universal veil, ellipsoid basidiospores, and alpine coniferous habitats. Bluish tinges are very slight and only present on the lamellae and stipe apex when young. In the phylogenetic analyses, this species clustered together with C. latiodistributus and C. clackamasensis with a strong support in BI analysis but not in ML. Cortinarius latiodistributus is the most closely related species of C. campanianomalus from which it differs by 20 substitutions and indel positions in nrITS region, with a similarity of 96.7 %.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E930FCA0627B8D3D8C32.taxon	description	Pileus 46 – 87 mm diam., hemispherical when young, then plane to convex, margin incurved, surface not viscid, not hygrophanous, innately fibrillose, greyish brown with bluish at first, then ochrace brown to yellowish brown, paler at the margin, dull. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish blue at first, soon greyish orange to brown, edges almost even. Stipe 60 – 100 mm long, 8 – 13 mm thick above, cylindrical, slightly thickened at the base, surface whitish fibrillose, bluish tinges at the upper part, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil white, soon yellowish, usually forming a thin, incomplete band on the stipe. Context thick, firm at first, white, with bluish tinges at the stipe apex, later becoming yellowish, becoming hollow in the stipe. Odour indistinct. Basidiospores 7.1 – 9.7 × 5.8 – 7.7 μm, Q = 1.13 – 1.55, Xav. = 8.4 – 8.8 × 6.5 – 6.8 μm, Qav. = 1.23 – 1.37, subgloboid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis thinly to moderately developed, hyphae interwoven, hyaline or yellowish to yellowish brown hyphae, 3 – 8 μm wide, smooth to slightly encrusted; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 10 – 20 μm wide, hyaline or slightly yellowish brown. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E930FCA0627B8D3D8C32.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Sparse to gregarious in Larix gmelinii forests or mixed forests with Betula platyphylla, sometimes in broadleaf forests of Betula and Populus. Known from Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, and Xinjiang of China. Widespread in Europe and North America as well under coniferous forests.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E930FCA0627B8D3D8C32.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: China, Heilongjiang Province, Mohe County, Qianshao Forest Farm, in Larix gmelinii forest, alt. 510 m, 26 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44258; Tahe County, Taergen Forest Farm, in Larix gmelinii forest, 21 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie, Y. Wang & Z. H. Luo, HMJAU 44367, HMJAU 44371, HMJAU 44372, HMJAU 44373; Talin Forest Farm, in Larix gmelinii forest, alt. 400 m, 28 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44279; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Genhe County, Jinhe Town, in Larix gmelinii forest, alt. 750 m, 25 Aug. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44497; Mangui Town, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt 640 m, 10 Sep. 2019, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48714; Sichuan Province, Seertar County, alt. 3092 m, 11 Aug. 2013, W. L. Lu, HMAS 268204; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Zhaosu County, in broadleaf forest of Betula and Populus, alt. 2244 m, 31 July 2021, Y. Wang, HMJAU 49114, HMJAU 49115.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB8E930FCA0627B8D3D8C32.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius caninus is a newly recorded species in China. It is characterized by robust basidiomata and an ochraceous brown and dry pileus. In China, it is usually associated with Larix gmelinii, as well as some broadleaf trees like Betula and Populus. The bluish tinges are only present in the pileus, lamellae, and stipe apex when young. Basidiospores are somewhat narrower than European and North American specimens (Dima et al. 2016, 2021). The newly generated Chinese nrITS sequences and the neotype sequence KX 302206 have two to five substitutions and indel positions, with a similarity of 99.2 – 99.7 %, here we recognize the Chinese specimens as C. caninus.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB9E930FFEE623B8EE78FB2.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius cinnamomeolilacinus is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical China, usually having small basidiomata, the pileus being hemispheric to plano-convex, with a low umbo, pale silvery grey to lilac, the lamellae violet, greyish violet to brown, and the basidiospores subglobose to broadly ellipsoid. It is usually associated with Fagaceae or Pinaceae. For the detailed description and illustrations of this species, see Zhang et al. (2023).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB9E930FFEE61BB8AA08FF2.taxon	description	Pileus 25 – 70 mm diam., hemispherical when young, later convex to plane, with a broadly umbonate at the centre, margin becoming ± wavy, surface somewhat viscid when moist, not hygrophanous, innately fibrillose, greyish white when young, then yellowish brown to slightly ochraceous brown, with some dark striates radially, yellowing from the centre. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish violet when young, then greyish brown, edges paler, uneven. Stipe 55 – 77 mm long, 8 – 10 mm thick, cylindrical, slightly thickened at the base, surface whitish fibrillose, bluish tinges at the stipe apex, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil sparse, white at first, then yellowish. Context fleshy, white, with bluish tinges at the stipe apex, later yellowish brown at base, sometimes hollow in the stipe. Odour indistinct to somewhat radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores 7.3 – 9.7 × 6.3 – 7.7 μm, Q = 1.04 – 1.38, Xav. = 8.4 – 8.6 × 6.9 – 7.2 μm, Qav. = 1.18 – 1.24, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, moderately to rather strongly and densely verrucose, indextrinoid. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae loosely interwoven, hyaline to slightly yellowish brown, 3.0 – 7.7 μm wide, smooth to slightly encrusted; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 8.7 – 17.4 μm wide, almost hyaline, somewhat cellular, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB9E930FFEE61BB8AA08FF2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Scattered or gregarious, associated with Betula in Northeast China. Widespread in Europe as well, associated with several deciduous trees and with Helianthemum.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB9E930FFEE61BB8AA08FF2.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: China, Beijing Municipality, Fangshan District, Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, in Betula albosinensis forest, alt. 1954 m, 21 Aug. 2020, T. Z. Wei, HMAS 291465, HMAS 291466; Hebei Province, Laiyuan County, Baishishan Geopark, alt. 1931 m, 25 Aug. 2020, X. N. Shan, HMAS 291356; Heilongjiang Province, Mohe County, Gulian Forest Farm, in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 550 m, 25 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44241, HMJAU 44242; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hexigten Qi, Huanggangliang, in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 1743 m, 3 Sep. 2018, T. Z. Wei, Z. W. Peng, J. Y. Zhuang & T. Z. Liu, HMAS 279963; Arxan County, in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 1200 m, 22 Aug. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44505.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB9E930FFEE61BB8AA08FF2.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius epsomiensis is an ochraceous to brown and slender species. It occurs in broadleaf forests in northern China, especially associated with Betula. This species was reported as C. pastoralis in China (Xie 2018, Wei & Liu 2019). It is also associated with Helianthemum, Corylus, and Tilia in Europe (Dima et al. 2016, Liimatainen & Ainsworth 2018). Phylogenetically, the sister species of C. epsomiensis is Cortinarius sp 14 from which it differs by six substitutions and indel positions in nrITS region, with a similarity of 99.0 %.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB9E933FCAF61FB8D988F52.taxon	description	Pileus 16 – 54 mm diam., at first hemispherical, later plane to convex, surface viscid when moist, somewhat shiny to distinctly glittery when dry, not hygrophanous, at first yellowish fibrillose, smooth when mature, violet white when young, finally greyish ochreous to greyish brown. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, lilac to greyish violet when young, later greyish orange to brown, edges even at first, then slightly serrate. Stipe 43 – 90 mm long, 10 – 11 mm thick, cylindrical to subcylindical, slightly thickened at the base, 10 – 25 mm thick, surface shiny white fibrillose, white with bluish tinges when young, then yellowish, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil yellowish, forming fibrils on pileus surface and sock like sheath on the stipe, later sparse. Context in pileus fleshy, white, in stipe bluish tinges at apex, becoming white to greyish white at base, soft to hollow. Odour radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores 6.7 – 9.3 × 5.7 – 7.2 μm, Q = 1.06 – 1.40, Xav. = 7.5 – 7.9 × 6.0 – 6.4 μm, Qav. = 1.21 – 1.24, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, weakly, finely to moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae interwoven, hyaline or yellow to yellowish brown, hyphae 2.5 – 8.0 μm wide, smooth; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 10 – 30 μm wide, hyaline to slightly yellowish brown, cylindrical to enlarged, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB9E933FCAF61FB8D988F52.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Known from Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia under Betula platyphylla or mixed with Larix gmelinii, also from Xizang in mixed forests of Abies, Betula, Quercus and Rosaceae. Widespread in North America, under conifer or mixed with Populus, also known from Estonia in Europe based on the molecular data from soil samples.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB9E933FCAF61FB8D988F52.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: China, Heilongjiang Province, Mohe County, Gulian Town, in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 550 m, 25 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48644, HMJAU 48645, HMJAU 48646; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Genhe County, Mangui Town, Ningcuishan Park, in mixed forest of Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii, alt. 820 m, 1 Sep. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48647, HMJAU 48648; 25 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48643; Xizang Autonomous Region, Mainling County, Lilonggou, in mixed forest of Abies, Betula, Quercus and Rosaceae, alt. 3219 m, 14 Sep. 2016, T. Z. Wei, Z. X. Wu, L. Yang, H. D. Zheng & X. C. Wang, HMAS 277353, HMAS 277354.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB9E933FCAF61FB8D988F52.taxon	discussion	Notes: This is the first report of C. kranabetteri from China. It produces small- to medium-sized basidiomata. The pileus is often viscid when moist, shiny to distinctly glittery when dry, and the basidiospores are subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid. The sequences of the Chinese specimens formed a strongly supported monophyletic group with the holotype. Phylogenetically, C. kranabetteri formed a sister relationship with C. perrotensis and differs by six substitutions and indel positions in nrITS region, with a similarity of 99.0 %.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE933FF1E611B8B5D8EF2.taxon	description	Pileus 33 – 72 mm diam., hemispherical when young, later plane to convex with rounded umbo, surface weakly hygrophanous when moist, at first white fibrillose, especially at the margin, sometimes slightly wrinkled, dull yellowish brown with somewhat reddish, margin paler. Lamellae adnexed to emarginate, moderately crowded, violet when young, then greyish blue to yellowish brown, edges uneven. Stipe 65 – 78 mm long, cylindrical at above, 12 – 15 mm thick, clavate at base, 10 – 21 mm, white fibrillose, bluish tinges at apex, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil white, forming a white sock like sheath on the stipe, then discolouring yellowish, sometimes forming a ring at the middle of the stipe. Context in pileus rather thin, white, in stipe bluish tinges, especially at apex. Odour indistinct. Basidiospores 6.3 – 8.4 (– 9.0) × 5.1 – 6.9 μm, Q = 1.10 – 1.39, Xav. = 7.2 – 7.6 × 5.9 – 6.1 μm, Qav. = 1.18 – 1.27, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, rather weakly to moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis thinly developed, hyphae parallel, hyaline to yellowish brown, 4 – 12 μm wide, smooth; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 15 – 34 μm wide, hyaline to slightly yellowish brown, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE933FF1E611B8B5D8EF2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Known from Northeast China under Betula platyphylla, or mixed with Larix gmelinii, and from Xizang under mixed forests dominated by Abies georgei var. smithii. It also known from Europe and Western Siberia in coniferous forests.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE933FF1E611B8B5D8EF2.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: China, Heilongjaing Province, Mohe County, Qianshao Forest Farm, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 540 m, 20 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48634, HMJAU 48635, HMJAU 48636; in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 540 m, 25 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48641; Gulian Forest Farm, in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 550 m, 25 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48640; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Genhe County, ManGui Town, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 630 m, 24 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48638, HMJAU 48639; 10 Sep. 2019, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48715; Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Lulang Town, Sejila Mountain, in Abies dominated forest with Rhododendron, alt. 3340 m, 7 Sep. 2014, T. Z. Wei, J. Y. Zhuang, X. Y. Liu & H. Huang, HMAS 271923, HMAS 271997, HMAS 272035, HMAS 273324; in Abies dominated forest with scattered Quercus aquifolioides, Rhododendron and Rosa, alt. 3451 m, 22 Sep. 2015, T. Z. Wei & B. B. Li, HMAS 275384, HMAS 275397; Linzhi City, Sejila Mountain, in Abies georgei var. smithii dominated forest with Rhododendron, Sep. 2014, S. R. Wang, HMJAU 48744.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE933FF1E611B8B5D8EF2.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius lepidopus is a newly recorded species in China. It is characterized by the greyish brown to reddish brown pileus without bluish tinges and the yellowish universal veil. The Chinese specimens are distributed in two floras, northeast China and the Tibetan Plateau, in which the nrITS sequences from the specimens of northeast China are identical to European sequences, while the nrITS sequences from the specimens of the Tibetan Plateau usually differ from others by three to four substitutions and indel positions. The Tibetan specimens are almost indistinguishable from other specimens in morphology, except that they have three to four substitutions and indel positions, as well as a special plateau ecology, so they were treated as C. lepidopus. The taxonomy of this species in China requires further research. Phylogenetically, C. lepidopus and C. modestus are paraphyletic, but the sequences of C. lepidopus consistently differ from those of the latter by at least two nucleotides in the nrITS region, and here we treat them as different species following Dima et al. (2021).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE93DFCA060FB8D058A12.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to the small-sized basidiomata and similarity to Cortinarius albocyaneus.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE93DFCA060FB8D058A12.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: China, Jilin Province: Yanji County, Sandaowan Town, Wupiyegou, under Quercus mongolica with scattered Pinus koraiensis, alt. 580 m, 4 Sep. 2019, M. L. Xie (holotype HMJAU 48706).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE93DFCA060FB8D058A12.taxon	description	Pileus 23 – 32 mm diam., convex when young, later plane, surface somewhat viscid when moist, innately fibrillose, with patches of pale yellowish universal veil remnants at the margin, sometimes wrinkle, especially at the margin when mature, at first greyish lilac to greyish violet, then greyish orange from centre. Lamellae emarginate to adnexed, moderately crowded, pale violet to greyish violet when young, later pale orange to brown, even at first, then with weakly serrate. Stipe 40 – 47 mm long, 6 – 8 mm thick, subclavate to clavate, somewhat thickened at the base, up to 11 – 12 mm, whitish, blue tinges at the stipe apex when young, later yellowish, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil yellowish, sparse, sometimes forming fibrils on pileus surface and sock like sheath on the stipe. Context in pileus fleshy, hygrophanous when moist, bluish when young, especially at the stipe apex, later white, sometimes hollow in stipe. Odour radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores 6.2 – 7.7 × 5.4 – 6.8 μm, Q = 1.06 – 1.33, Xav. = 6.8 – 7.2 × 5.8 – 6.2 μm, Qav. = 1.17 – 1.20, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, rather weakly verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis thinly developed, hyphae somewhat interwoven, hyaline or yellowish to yellowish brown, 2.5 – 7.5 μm wide, slightly encrusted; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 12 – 27 μm wide, hyaline to slightly yellowish brown, somewhat cellular, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE93DFCA060FB8D058A12.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Known from Northeast China in Betula platyphylla forests or Quercus mongolica dominated forests. It may be associated with Pinus based on the sequences (LC 175062) of mycorrhizal root tips, too. Also known from Canada, Japan and USA based on molecular data.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE93DFCA060FB8D058A12.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: China, Jilin Province: Yanji County, Sandaowan Town, Wupiyegou, under Quercus mongolica, with scattered Pinus koraiensis, alt. 580 m, 7 Sep. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48649, HMJAU 48650, HMJAU 48651, HMJAU 48652; ibid., 8 Sep. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48653; ibid., 4 Sep. 2019, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48702, HMJAU 48703, HMJAU 48704, HMJAU 48705; ibid., 23 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48721, HMJAU 48722, HMJAU 48723, HMJAU 48724, HMJAU 48725, HMJAU 48726, HMJAU 48727; Antu County, Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, under Betula platyphylla, alt. 1110 m, 19 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48720; Ji’an County, Wunvfeng National Forest Park, unknown date, Y. L. Tuo, HMJAU 60641. Additional nrITS sequences data from public sequence repositories: Canada, British Columbia, Interior Cedar Hemlock Forests, DQ 097877, OUC 97234 as C. alboviolaceus in GenBank; Québec, Riviere-a-Pierre, MW 845268, MQ 21 - HRL 1598 - QFB 32934 as Cortinarius sp. in GenBank; Riviere-au-Tonnerre, OQ 321992, MQ 22 - QFB 33093 - HRL 3520 as Cortinarius sp. in GenBank. Japan, Iwate, Mt. Hayachine, LC 175062, YM 1162 from Pinus parviflora root tips, as Cortinarius sp. in GenBank. USA, New Hampshire, MT 345185, CNV 8 as Cortinarius sp. in GenBank.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFBAE93DFCA060FB8D058A12.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius microalbocyaneus is characterized by small-sized basidiomata (pileus <50 mm diam.), greyish blue to yellowish brown pileus, clavate and somewhat hollow stipe, and subgloboid and small-sized basidiospores. Cortinarius albocyaneus and C. epsomiensis are morphologically similar species but can be distinguished by their ± shiny to distinctly glittery pileus and larger basidiospores of C. albocyaneus (8.5 – 9.0 × 6.0 – 7.5 μm) and C. epsomiensis (8.5 – 9 × 7 – 8 μm) (Dima et al. 2016, Liimatainen & Ainsworth 2018). Cortinarius microalbocyaneus also shares a similar appearance with C. albocyaneoides and C. subalbocyaneus. But C. albocyaneoides and C. subalbocyaneus have larger basidiospores and are associated with Larix and Betula. HMJAU 60641 was labeled as C. anomalus by Tuo et al. (2022), here we treat it as C. microalbocyaneus. Phylogenetically, the sister species of C. microalbocyaneus is Cortinarius sp 9 from which it differs by 16 substitutions and indel positions in nrITS region, with a similarity of 97.3 %. Five GenBank sequences, DQ 097877, MW 845268 and OL 891464 from Canada, LC 175062 from Japan, and MT 345185 from the USA, were treated as Cortinarius sp. in Dima et al. (2021), are clustered with the Chinese specimens and considered as C. microalbocyaneus.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB4E93CFF1E64DB8EA28F72.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to the affinity with Cortinarius caninus. Typus: China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Genhe County, Mangui Town, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 630 m, 10 Sep. 2019, M. L. Xie (holotype HMJAU 48691). Pileus 15 – 52 mm diam., hemispherical at first, later plane to convex with a broadly umbonate, surface somewhat viscid when moist, not hygrophanous, with yellowish fibrillose, at first olive brown, then greyish orange to brownish orange, dull. Lamellae subadnate at first, then emarginate, moderately crowded, violaceous white when young, later greyish orange to brown, edges paler, somewhat uneven. Stipe 60 – 90 mm long, 3 – 6 mm thick, cylindrical to subcylindical, somewhat thickened at the base (up to 13 mm), surface white fibrillose, later yellowish, bluish tinges at the apex, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil yellowish. Context fleshy, hygrophanous when moist, hollow in stipe, in pileus and in stipe violet tinge at first, especially at the stipe apex, later becoming white. Odour weak. Taste mild. Basidiospores 7.2 – 10.6 × 5.8 – 7.7 μm, Q = 1.07 – 1.59, Xav. = 7.9 – 8.9 × 6.5 – 6.8 μm, Qav. = 1.21 – 1.4, subgloboid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, moderately and densely verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis thinly developed, hyphae slightly interwoven, hyaline to yellowish brown, 3 – 13 μm wide, smooth to slightly encrusted; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 8 – 20 μm wide, hyaline to slightly yellowish brown, somewhat irregular. Clamp connections present. Ecology and distribution: Known from Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia of China in Larix gmelinii forests or mixed Betula platyphylla, and known from Sichuan in mixed forests of Abies and Quercus, Xinjiang in Abies or Picea forests. Also known from Estonia based on molecular data. Additional specimens examined: China, Heilongjiang Province, Mohe County, Jingou Forest Farm, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 730 m, 26 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48688; in Larix gmelinii forest, alt. 500 m, 19 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44495; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Genhe County, ManGui Town, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 630 m, 10 Sep. 2019, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48690; Sichuan Province, Xiaojin County, Heshangcun Songrong Protected Area, in mixed forest of Abies and Quercus, alt. 3578 m, 18 Aug. 2015, T. Z. Wei & D. Wang, HMAS 274431; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hami City, Haiziyan Town, in Abies forest, alt. 2500 m, 3 Aug. 2019, M. L. Xie & P. S. Jia, HMJAU 48689; Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Qiaoerma, in Picea forest with shrubs, alt. 2341 m, 13 Aug. 2015, T. Z. Wei & K. Wang, HMAS 274789. Additional nrITS sequences data from public sequence repositories: Estonia, UDB 0168416, S 594 from soil, as Cortinarius sp. in UNITE; UDB 0176168, S 682 from soil, as Cortinarius sp. in UNITE; UDB 0180344, S 703 from soil, as Cortinarius sp. in UNITE; UDB 0513824, G 4278 from soil, as Cortinarius sp. in UNITE; Saare maakond, Leisi vald, UDB 034762, TAAM 128969 as Cortinarius sp. in UNITE. Notes: Cortinarius neocaninus has small-sized basidiomata without bluish tinges except for the lamellae and stipe apex. The pileus is olive brown at first, and then brownish orange, the context is somewhat hollow at the stipe, and the basidiospores are subglobose to ellipsoid. The nrITS sequences of C. neocaninus differ from those of the North American C. anomalodelicatus by only three to four substitutions and indel positions. The former, however, forms a well-supported monophyletic group in both ML and BI analyses. It is also related to C. caninus, which is one of the typically medium- to large-sized and robust species in sect. Anomali (Dima et al. 2016).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE617B8D938A12.taxon	description	Pileus 16 – 32 mm diam., convex when young, later plane, margin inrolled at first; surface innately fibrillose, somewhat viscid when moist, soon drying with shiny; greyish brown, paler at the margin. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, violet at first, soon greyish violet to pale brown, edges slightly serrate. Stipe 32 – 69 mm long, 5 – 8 mm thick above, clavate, thickened at the base (9 – 15 mm); surface fibrillose, whitish, blue tinge at the apex when young, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil white, soon yellowish, sometimes forming a sock like sheath on the stipe. Context fleshy, whitish, at first bluish in the stipe apex. Odour indistinct. Taste mild. Basidiospores 6.8 – 8.4 × 5.4 – 6.1 μm, Q = 1.17 – 1.41, Xav. = 7.6 × 5.8 μm, Qav. = 1.31, subglobose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely light olivaceous brown to olivaceous brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis of hyaline, light olivaceous brown to olivaceous brown hyphae; hyphae 3 – 10 μm wide, smooth to weakly encrusted spots; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 8 – 23 μm wide, hyaline to olivaceous brown, irregular, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE617B8D938A12.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Gregarious in broadleaf-conifer forests of Betula and Larix. Known only from Heilongjiang Province in China. It was described from Eastern North America in broadleaf-conifer forests.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE617B8D938A12.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: China, Heilongjiang Province, Tahe County, Talin Forest Farm, in mixed forest of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla, 28 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48662.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE617B8D938A12.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius perrotensis is a new record in China. It is a small-sized species. The pileus is usually greyish brown without a bluish tinge, the violet lamellae soon become pale brown and are slightly serrate at the edge. The basidiospores in Chinese materials, which average 7.6 × 5.8 μm, are slightly narrower than those of North American specimens. In phylogenetic analyses, the Chinese specimens formed a well-supported monophyletic clade with the holotype.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE64DB8AA08A92.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to the type location, Qilian Mountain, a famous mountain in China.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE64DB8AA08A92.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: China, Gansu Province, Shandan County, Qilianshan National Nature Reserve, Yanzhishan Forest Park, in Picea forest, alt. 2800 m, 20 Aug. 2017, S. L. Wei (holotype HMJAU 44508).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE64DB8AA08A92.taxon	description	Pileus 15 – 80 mm diam., convex, later plane with a low umbo, incurved at the margin, surface viscid to somewhat glutinous in fresh condition, somewhat shiny to distinctly glittery when dry, not hygrophanous, orange white to greyish orange, paler at the margin. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, purple to greyish violet when young, later brownish with violaceous tinges to brown, at first edges paler, even, then slightly serrate. Stipe 35 – 100 mm long, 9 – 26 mm thick, cylindrical at the upper part, clavate-bulbous at the base, up to 35 mm, surface with abundant yellowish white fibrillose, whitish with blue tinges at the apex when young, later yellowish, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil yellowish, usually forming a sock like sheath on the stipe. Context fleshy, with marbled watery when moist, violet when young, especially at the upper stipe, later white with bluish tinges, somewhat hollow in stipe. Odour somewhat aromatic. Taste mild. Basidiospores 8.6 – 10.6 × 6.8 – 8.7 μm, Q = 1.09 – 1.43, Xav. = 9.0 – 9.5 × 7.0 – 7.7 μm, Qav. = 1.20 – 1.30, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, rather weakly to moderately and densely verrucose, moderately dextrinoid. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae loosely interwoven, hyaline to yellowish brown, 2 – 7 μm wide, smooth; hypocutis well developed, hyphae interwoven, 6 – 16 μm wide, hyaline, ± cylindrical, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE64DB8AA08A92.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Solitary or scattered in Abies and Picea forests. Known from Northwest China.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE64DB8AA08A92.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: China, Gansu Province, Shandan County, Qilianshan National Nature Reserve, Yanzhishan Forest Park, in Picea forest, alt. 2800 m, 5 Sep. 2013, S. L. Wei, HMJAU 44510; ibid., 20 Aug. 2017, S. L. Wei, HMJAU 44509; Minle County, Qilianshan Nature Reserve, Dahekou, in Picea forest, alt. 2860 m, 9 Aug. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48666; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shawan County, Lujiaowan, in Abies forest, alt. 2400 m, 8 Aug. 2019, M. L. Xie & P. S. Jia, HMJAU 48716.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB5E93CFFEE64DB8AA08A92.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius qilianensis is a phlegmacioid species, usually with robust and medium- to large-sized basidiomata. The pileus is usually viscid to somewhat glutinous in fresh condition, somewhat shiny to distinctly glittery when dry, with an odour that is somewhat aromatic, and the basidiospores are broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid. Cortinarius qilianensis is similar to C. albocyaneus and C. lividomalvacus due to the shiny to distinctly glittery pileus. However, C. albocyaneus (e. g., Betula and Fagus) and C. lividomalvacus (Quercus) are associated with broadleaf trees, and the basidiomata of C. albocyaneus are slender (Dima et al. 2016, Eyssartier et al. 2017). The most closely related species of C. qilianensis is C. azureovelatus from which it differs by 15 substitutions and indel positions in nrITS region, with a similarity of 97.5 %.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E63DB8D248AF2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to sect. Anomali species with robust habit.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E63DB8D248AF2.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: China, Sichuan Province, Li County, Miyaluo, Jiabigou, in mixed forest of Abies, Picea and Betula, alt. 2832 m, 10 Aug. 2016, T. Z. Wei, L. H. Sun, Z. X. Wu & R. C. Zhang (holotype HMAS 254763).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E63DB8D248AF2.taxon	description	Pileus 80 – 150 mm diam., convex when young, later plane to convex, sometimes depressed at centre, margin wavy and up-curved in mature basidiomata, surface not viscid, weakly hygrophanous when wet, with greyish fibrillose, somewhat wrinkled, at first olive brown, then brownish orange to brown at the centre, paler at the margin, dull. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish violet to violet when young, greyish orange to brown with age, edges even at first, then somewhat uneven. Stipe 110 – 190 mm long, 14 – 45 mm thick, cylindrical, surface greyish fibrillose, bluish tinges at the apex, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil greyish, forming fibrils on pileus and thin ring on the stipe. Context fleshy, somewhat marbled watery when moist, hollow in the stipe, whitish, with violet tinges, especially at the stipe apex. Odour radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores (7.4 –) 8.0 – 9.0 (– 9.5) × 6.5 – 8.1 μm, Q = 1.07 – 1.23, Xav. = 8.4 – 8.5 × 7.2 – 7.3 μm, Qav. = 1.16 – 1.17, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, weakly to moderately and sharply verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis thinly developed, hyphae somewhat interwoven, yellowish brown, 3 – 10 μm wide, smooth to slightly encrusted; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 16 – 38 μm wide, cylindrical to somewhat cellular, hyaline to slightly yellowish brown. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E63DB8D248AF2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Gregarious to fascicular in mixed forests of Abies, Picea and Betula. Known from Sichuan of China.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E63DB8D248AF2.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: China, Sichuan Province, Li County, Miyaluo, Jiabigou, in mixed forest of Abies, Picea and Betula, alt. 2832 m, 10 Aug. 2016, T. Z. Wei, L. H. Sun, Z. X. Wu & R. C. Zhang, HMAS 254764.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E63DB8D248AF2.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius robustianomalus is a distinctive species that has very robust basidiomata, a dully olive tinged and wavy pileus, a cylindrical stipe, and a greyish universal veil. The context is very thick in the pileus and hollow in the stipe. Bluish tinges are only present in the lamellae and stipe apex. The sister species of C. robustianomalus is C. rufolilacinus from which it differs by five substitutions and indel positions in nrITS region, with a similarity of 99.2 %. Cortinarius rufolilacinus usually has a dull reddish lilac pileus and a violet universal veil, but without olive tinges.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E64FB8BF28AF2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to the reddish lilac pileus. Typus: China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Sejila Mountain, in Abies georgei var. smithii forest with Rhododendron, alt. 4120 m, 5 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie (holotype HMJAU 48739).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E64FB8BF28AF2.taxon	description	Pileus 35 – 64 mm diam., at first convex, later plane to plano-convex, margin sometimes incurved and wavy, surface weakly hygrophanous when moist, innately fibrillose, pale violet universal veil remnants at first, especially at the margin, dull reddish lilac when young, finally brownish orange to slightly brown. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish violet when young, later bluish grey to brown, edges even. Stipe 80 – 120 mm long, 8 – 11 mm thick, cylindrical to subcylindrical, slightly thickened at the base, surface violet fibrillose when young, later becoming greyish brown at the middle part, basal mycelium white to pale bluish. Universal veil copious, pale violet at first, flocculose-fibrous, forming fibrils on the pileus and sock like sheath on the stipe, latter yellowish. Context fleshy, whitish when young, marbled watery at the pileus when moist, with bluish tinges, especially at the upper part and base of stipe, becoming yellowish at the middle part of stipe, finally yellowish brown. Odour radish. Taste not recorded. Basidiospores 7.7 – 10.1 × 6.1 – 7.9 μm, Q = 1.13 – 1.31, Xav. = 8.4 – 8.9 × 6.8 – 7.2 μm, Qav. = 1.22 – 1.25, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, moderately verrucose, moderately to rather strongly dextrinoid. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae interwoven, slightly yellowish brown to brown, 4 – 14 μm wide, slightly encrusted; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 12 – 25 μm wide, hyaline to slightly yellowish brown, somewhat cellular, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E64FB8BF28AF2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Solitary to gregarious in Abies georgei var. smithii forests with Rhododendron. Known from Tibetan Plateau of China.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E64FB8BF28AF2.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Sejila Mountain, in Abies georgei var. smithii forest with Rhododendron, 24 Jul. 2013, S. R. Wang, HMJAU 48747; ibid., 4 Aug. 2013, HMJAU 48745, HMJAU 48746. Additional nrITS sequences data from public sequence repositories: China, KU 836522, ZJ 0003 SMJ 01 as C. caninus in GenBank.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E93FFF1E64FB8BF28AF2.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius rufolilacinus is characterized by medium-sized basidiomata, a reddish lilac and weakly hygrophanous pileus, and a violet universal veil. The most closely related species of C. rufolilacinus is C. robustianomalus from which it differsbyfivesubstitutionsandindelpositions. Morphologically, compared with C. rufolilacinus, C. robustianomalus has an olive tinged pileus, a more robust stipe, a greyish universal veil, and rather round basidiospores.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E939FCA064FB8CBB8FF2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to the affinity to Cortinarius albocyaneus.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E939FCA064FB8CBB8FF2.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Eerguna County, Moerdaoga Town, in mixed forest of Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii, alt. 750 m, 24 Aug. 2018, M. L. Xie (holotype HMJAU 48659).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E939FCA064FB8CBB8FF2.taxon	description	Pileus 23 – 34 mm diam., convex when young, later plane to convex, surface somewhat viscid when young, somewhat shiny to distinctly glittery when dry, not hygrophanous, with greyish fibrillose, at first violet grey, then slightly brownish orange, paler at the margin. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish violet when young, finally greyish orange to brown, edges somewhat uneven. Stipe 72 – 102 mm long, 3 – 5 mm thick above, cylindrical to subcylindrical, somewhat thickened at the base (up to 9 – 17 mm), surface with shiny greyish white fibrillose, white when young, blue tinges at the apex, finally dull whitish to yellowish. Universal veil greyish, forming fibrils on pileus surface and a sock like sheath on the stipe, later sparse, sometimes discolouring yellowish. Context fleshy, marbled watery when young, somewhat hollow in stipe, at first whitish, bluish tinges at the stipe apex. Odour somewhat radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores 7.7 – 9.7 × 6.2 – 7.7 μm, Q = 1.04 – 1.48, Xav. = 7.9 – 8.6 × 6.7 – 7.0 μm, Qav. = 1.14 – 1.29, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid, moderately to rather strongly and densely verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis thinly developed, hyphae parallel, yellowish to slightly yellowish brown, 4 – 8 μm wide, smooth; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 10 – 19 μm, hyaline, somewhat cellular. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E939FCA064FB8CBB8FF2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Solitary or gregarious in Betula platyphylla or mixed with Larix gmelinii, also associated with Populus based on the sequences of ECM root sample. Known from Heilongjiang and Jilin of China, as well as Canada, Estonia and Amur Oblast of Russia based on molecular data.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E939FCA064FB8CBB8FF2.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: China, Heilongjiang Province, Tahe County, Tafeng Forest Farm, in mixed forest of Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii, alt. 360 m, 28 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44282; Jilin Province, Antu County, Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, in Betula platyphylla forest with scattered Populus, alt. 1100 m, 6 Sep. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48660, HMJAU 48661; under Betula platyphylla trees, alt. 1110 m, 19 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48728, HMJAU 48729, HMJAU 48730, HMJAU 48731, HMJAU 48732, HMJAU 48733; Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Lulang Town, Sejila Mountain, in Abies dominated forest with Rhododendron, alt. 3326 m, 6 Sep. 2014, T. Z. Wei, J. Y. Zhang, X. Y. Liu & H. Huang, HMAS 271932. Additional nrITS sequences data from public sequence repositories: Canada, British Columbia, FJ 157104, F 18506 as C. aff. caninus in GenBank; British Columbia, Cariboo, UDB 031695, 228 A as Cortinarius sp. in UNITE. Estonia, UDB 0706856, HB 29 as Cortinarius sp. in UNITE. Russia, Amur Oblast, Zeya, LC 547581, szYM 140 from ectomycorrhizal root tip of Populus sp., as uncultured Cortinarius in GenBank.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB6E939FCA064FB8CBB8FF2.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius subalbocyaneus is a small species. The pileus is violet grey when young, ± viscid when moist, and somewhat shiny to distinctly glittery when dry. The universal veil is greyish. The basidiospores are subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid. Cortinarius subalbocyaneus shows a high degree of morphological convergence with C. microalbocyaneus. However, the basidiospores of C. microalbocyaneus are rather small, on average 6.8 – 7.5 × 5.8 – 6.2 μm, and its habitats are related to Quercus mongolica. Phylogenetically, the most closely related species of C. subalbocyaneus is C. jonimitchelliae from which it differs by at least six substitutions and indel positions in the nrITS region, with a similarity of 98.9 %. The nrITS sequences FJ 157104 and UDB 031695 from Canada, UDB 0706856 from Estonia, and LC 547581 from Russia are clustered with Chinese sequences and considered as C. subalbocyaneus. This species was treated as Cortinarius sp. in Dima et al. (2021).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB0E938FCA061FB8E7E8CB2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to the affinity to Cortinarius anomalus. Typus: China, Yunnan Province, Shangri-La County, in Quercus aquifolioides forest, alt. 3609 m, 25 Sep. 2012, Q. Zhao (holotype HMJAU 48752). Pileus 15 – 30 mm diam., hemispherical when young, later convex, surface weakly hygrophanous, innately fibrillose, greyish violet at first, then pale orange to greyish orange, dull. Lamellae emarginate to adnexed, moderately crowded, dark violet when young, then brown, edges paler and even. Stipe 50 – 80 mm long, 6 – 10 mm thick, cylindrical to subcylindical, somewhat thickened at the base, surface persistently violaceous tinged fibrillose at the lower part, violet at the apex, basal mycelium violet. Universal veil violet at first, then discolouring yellowish. Context fleshy, at first whitish with ± violet tinge, greyish violet at the stipe apex, sometimes becoming hollow in stipe. Odour radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores 6.8 – 8.8 (– 9.7) × 5.8 – 7.7 μm, Q = 1.06 – 1.31, Xav. = 7.9 – 8.1 × 6.6 – 6.8 μm, Qav. = 1.16 – 1.21, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae parallel, hyaline to yellowish brown, 2 – 7 μm wide, smooth; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 8 – 30 μm wide, hyaline, cylindrical to enlarged, smooth. Clamp connections present. Ecology and distribution: Solitary to gregarious in Quercus aquifolioides forests, or mixed forests of Picea and Betula. Known from Yunnan and Xizang of China. Additional specimens examined: China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Bomi County, in mixed forests Picea and Betula, alt. 2750 m, 19 Sep. 2016, T. Z. Wei, Z. X. Wu, L. Yang, H. D. Zheng & X. C. Wang, HMAS 277626; Linzhi City, Lulang Town, in Quercus aquifolioides forest, alt. 3280 m, 4 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48755, HMJAU 48769. Notes: Cortinarius subanomalus produces small basidiomata, the pileus ranges greyish violet to greyish orange, the universal veil is violet, the stipe has persistently violet tinged fibrillose at the lower part, the context is usually hollow in stipe, and the basidiospores are subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid. Cortinarius subanomalus is similar to C. anomalus, but the latter usually has a whitish universal veil and forms a sock like sheath on the stipe, and the basal mycelium is white (Dima et al. 2016, 2021). The most closely related species of C. subanomalus is C. anomalus from which it differs by 12 substitutions and indel positions in nrITS region, with a similarity of 97.9 %.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB1E938FFEE62BB8C8B8A72.taxon	description	Pileus 50 – 135 mm diam., hemispherical when young, later plane to convex, margin ± wavy finally, surface weakly hygrophanous when moist, especially at margin, violet grey to dull violet grey when young, finally brownish grey to brownish orange, sometimes reddish brown at the centre, brownish orange with violet at margin. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish violet when young, then pale orange to brown, edges paler, weakly serrate. Stipe 65 – 78 mm long, 12 – 15 mm thick, subcylindrical when young, later cylindrical, surface whitish fibrillose, bluish tinges at the apex. Universal veil yellowish, forming fibrils on pileus and sock like sheath on the stipe, later sparse. Context in pileus fleshy, soft, sometimes hollow in the stipe, marbled watery when moist, at first violet in pileus and in stipe, later whitish with bluish tinges, especially at the stipe apex, yellowish brown at base. Odour radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores (8.0 –) 8.6 – 10.1 (– 10.8) × 5.1 – 6.7 μm, Q = 1.42 – 1.77, Xav. = 9.1 – 9.5 × 5.8 – 6.2 μm, Qav. = 1.54 – 1.61, ellipsoid, moderately and densely verrucose, moderately dextrinoid. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae parallel, yellowish to yellowish brown, 3 – 10 μm wide, smooth; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 11 – 29 μm wide, hyaline to slightly yellowish brown. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB1E938FFEE62BB8C8B8A72.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Scattered under broadleaf trees of Betula, Populus, and Salix or mixed forests. Known from Beijing, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Qinghai and Sichuan of China.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB1E938FFEE62BB8C8B8A72.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: China, Beijing Municipality, Huairou District, Yanqihu Town, 19 Sep. 2003, H. Deng & L. Jiao, HMAS 86629; Mentougou District, Xiaolongmen National Forest Park, in Populus forest, alt. 1156 – 1201 m, 4 Sep. 2020, K. Wang, HMAS 291450, HMAS 291452; Hebei Province, Laiyuan County, Prairie Air, in shrubs, alt. 1748 m, 24 Aug. 2020, X. J. Xie, HMAS 291480; Pingshan County, Tuoliang National Nature Reserve, in Betula forest, 31 July 2020, G. J. Li, HBAU 15319; in Betula forest, alt. 1450 – 1684 m, 20 Aug. 2020, G. J. Li, HBAU 15471, HBAU 15473, Y. B. Guo, HMAS 281435, X. Zhang, HMAS 249875, HMAS 291498, HMAS 291503, T. T. Fan, HMAS 291375; in mixed forest of Betula, Quercus and Pinus, alt. 1470 m, 20 Aug. 2020, T. K. Zong, HMAS 291504; in Betula forest, alt. 1542 m, 22 Aug. 2020, G. J. Li, HBAU 15552, X. Zhang, HMAS 249872; in Larix forest, alt. 2031 m, 22 Aug. 2020, T. T. Fan, HMAS 281433, X. J. Xie, HMAS 291477; in Larix forest, alt. 1560 – 1585 m, 22 Aug. 2020, Y. B. Guo, HMAS 281437, HMAS 291524; Yu County, Jinhekou Forest Park, in broadleaf forest, 8 Aug. 2020, G. J. Li, HBAU 15437, HBAU 15457; ibid., 27 Aug. 2020, G. J. Li, HBAU 15665, HBAU 15672, HBAU 15679; Yu County, Xiao Wutai Mountain National Nature Reserve, under Populus and Acer, alt. 1356 – 1468 m, 8 Aug 2020, Y. B. Guo, HMAS 291387, X. M. Jiao, HMAS 291423, HMAS 291424, L. Sun, HMAS 291430, HMAS 291431; under Populus and Acer, alt. 1319 – 1482 m, 27 Aug. 2020, T. T. Fan, HMAS 281445, HMAS 291381, Y. B. Guo, HMAS 291399, HMAS 291400, X. N. Shan, HMAS 291362, HMAS 291363, HMAS 291365, X. J. Xie, HMAS 281649, HMAS 281650, HMAS 291489, HMAS 291490, HMAS 291491, HMAS 291492, X. Zhang, HMAS 291500, HMAS 291502, T. K. Zong, HMAS 281652, HMAS 291518, HMAS 291528, HMAS 291529; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aohan Qi, Daheishan National Nature Reserve, 4 Sep. 2015, T. Z. Liu, J. N. Zhao & H. L. Meng, CFSZ 10743; Balinyou Qi, Saihanwula National Nature Reserve, 1 Sep. 2017, T. Z. Liu & Wulantuya, CFSZ 18827; Genhe County, Mangui Town, under Populus trees, alt. 603 m, 24 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48642; Jilin Province, Antu County, Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, in broadleaf forest of Populus and Salix, alt. 770 m, 20 Sep. 2020, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 48717, HMJAU 48718, HMJAU 48719; Qinghai Province, Huzhu County, Beishan Forest Farm, alt. 3000 m, 15 Aug. 2004, L. D. Guo & Y. Zhang, HMAS 145566; Sichuan Province, Batang County, roadside to Litang County, in mixed forest of Pinus densata, Abies and Rosaceae, alt. 3711 m, T. Z. Wei, L. H. Sun, Z. X. Wu & R. C. Zhang, HMAS 277064; Zhejiang Province, Qingyuan County, Baishanzu National Park, in evergreen broadleaf forest of Lithocarpus scattered Rhododendron and Theaceae, 12 Sep. 2013, J. L. Chen, HMJAU 48768; ibid., 5 Sep. 2020, J. L. Chen, HMJAU 48749, HMJAU 48750, HMJAU 48757.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB1E938FFEE62BB8C8B8A72.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius subclackamasensis is characterized by ellipsoid basidiospores. It produces medium- to large-sized basidiomata, a violet grey to brownish orange or reddish brown pileus, a yellowish universal veil, and ellipsoid basidiospores, on average 9.1 – 9.5 × 5.8 – 6.2 μm. It is a widely distributed species in China, and can be easily distinguished from other species in sect. Anomali. Two specimens, HBAU 15665 (MW 862366) and HBAU 15437 (MW 862347), were reported as C. caninus and C. xanthocephalus respectively by Shi et al. (2022). However, the morphological and phylogenetic investigations concluded that they were C. subclackamasensis. Phylogenetically, the sister species of C. subclackamasensis is Cortinarius sp 7 from which it differs by seven substitutions and indel positions in the nrITS region, with a similarity of 98.8 %. In molecular data, the intraspecific genetic variability of C. subclackamasensis is 0.8 % in the nrITS region.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB1E93AFCAF647B8FFD8B92.taxon	description	Pileus 23 – 85 mm diam., hemispherical when young, later plano-convex to plane, sometimes with a broad umbo, surface somewhat viscid when young, non hygrophanous, somewhat shiny to distinctly glittery when dry, slight clay greyish yellow to greyish brown. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, slightly greyish blue when young, then greyish brown, edges even. Stipe 50 – 102 mm long, 3 – 9 mm thick above, cylindrical to somewhat clavate at the base, surface somewhat shiny, white, with bluish tinges at apex, later greyish yellow, basal mycelium whitish. Universal veil usually sparse, thin, white to yellowish. Context in pileus rather thick, solid, fragile, white at first, bluish in stipe apex, later yellowish. Odour radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores 6.8 – 8.7 (– 9.2) × 5.6 – 6.9 μm, Q = 1.09 – 1.44, Xav. = 7.4 – 8.2 × 6.0 – 6.4 μm, Qav. = 1.21 – 1.27, broadly ellipsoid, rarely subgloboid, weakly to moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae entangled to interwoven, radially arranged, hyaline to yellowish brown, 3 – 8 μm wide, smooth to somewhat encrusted; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 12 – 30 μm wide, hyaline to yellowish, somewhat cellular. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB1E93AFCAF647B8FFD8B92.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Known from northeast China in Betula platyphylla forests or mixed with Larix gmelinii, and from east China under broadleaf. Also widespread in Europe and in North America from northern Quebec and Alaska under broadleaf and mixed forests including Picea, Betula, Alnus, Salix, Quercus, and Fagus.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB1E93AFCAF647B8FFD8B92.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined: China, Heilongjiang Province, Mohe County, Gulian Forest Farm, in Betula platyphylla forest, alt. 550 m, 25 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, A. Ma & J. J. Hu, HMJAU 44248, HMJAU 44249; Qianshao Forest Farm, in mixed forest of Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii, alt. 490 m, 26 Aug. 2016, M. L. Xie, A. Ma & J. J. Hu, HMJAU 44269; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Genhe County, Mangui Town, Ningcuishan Park, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 820 m, 25 Aug. 2017, M. L. Xie & Y. Wang, HMJAU 44484; Jinhe Town, in mixed forest of Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, alt. 820 m, 25 Aug. 2018, M. L. Xie, HMJAU 44506; Zhejiang Province, Xihu District, Hangzhou Botanical Garden, in broadleaf, 7 Apr. 2023, Q. Q. Huang, HMAS 287406.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB1E93AFCAF647B8FFD8B92.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius tabularis is a greyish brown species, without bluish tinges except at the lamellae and stipe apex. The whitish stipe is often with sparse universal veil. The basidiospores are broadly ellipsoid. It is reported as a common and widespread species in China (Zang 1996, Wu et al. 2011), but our studies show that it is a rare species, and only occurs in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Zhejiang. The distribution of this species in China requires further confirmation. The most closely related species of C. tabularis is Cortinarius sp 11 from which it differs by seven substitutions and indel positions in the nrITS region, with a similarity of 98.8 %.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB3E93AFFEE645B8B348DB2.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius tropicus occurs in the subalpine ranges of the tropics and subtropics of China, with small basidiomata, a fibrillose disc on the pileal surface that ranges from violet to dark violet and is nearly glabrous. The basidiospores are subglobose to broadly ellipsoid. It is usually scattered or gregarious on the ground dominated by Fagaceae. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of C. tropicus can be found in Zhang et al. (2023).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB3E93AFCAF63BB8A928572.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to sect. Anomali species with spring fruiting pattern.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB3E93AFCAF63BB8A928572.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Cangwu County, Wangfu Town, Bahui Village, in Castanopsis chinensis forest with scattered Phyllostachys, alt. 30 m, 23 Apr. 2021, L. L. Qi (holotype HMJAU 48770, isotype HMAS 285290).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB3E93AFCAF63BB8A928572.taxon	description	Pileus 10 – 35 mm diam., hemispherical when young, later plano-convex to plane, surface covered violet squamules, greyish orange with age, dully greyish violet at first, then greyish orange at the centre. Lamellae, emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish violet when young, then greyish brown to brown, edges paler and uneven. Stipe 30 – 60 mm long, 3 – 5 mm thick, cylindrical to subcylindrical, slightly thickened at the base, up to 9 mm, bluish tinged at the apex, surface thin fibrillose, basal mycelium pale violet. Universal veil white, very sparse. Context thin, greyish violet. Odour radish. Taste mild. Basidiospores 6.3 – 7.5 × 5.5 – 6.2 μm, Q = 1.09 – 1.28, Xav. = 6.9 × 5.8 μm, Qav. = 1.18, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, rather weakly to moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis thinly developed, hyphae hyaline to purplish, 5 – 12 μm wide, smooth; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 10 – 50 μm wide, hyaline, irregular, somewhat cellular, smooth. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB3E93AFCAF63BB8A928572.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Gregarious in subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, associated with Castanopsis chinensis. Known from Guangxi and Yunnan of China.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB3E93AFCAF63BB8A928572.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimen examined: China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Xingye County, Beishi Town, Hongfu Village, in Castanopsis chinensis forest, alt. 100 m, 23 May 2021, Q. Yang, HMAS 298141. Additional nrITS sequences data from public sequence repositories: China, Yunnan Province, MW 374218, rxsbn- 456 as C. rigens in GenBank.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FFB3E93AFCAF63BB8A928572.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius vernalianomalus is characterized by a dully greyish violet and small basidiomata, with a subtropical distribution, a spring fruiting pattern, and occurring in habitats with Castanopsis chinensis. The small basidiospores are subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, on average 6.9 × 5.8 μm. The nrITS sequence of the holotype differs from other known members of sect. Anomali by at least 29 substitutions and indel positions. The phylogenetic analyses also support C. vernalianomalus as a separate species from other members in sect. Anomali. The sequence MW 374218 (rxsbn- 456, as C. rigens) from a specimen in Yunnan Province is considered as the new species because it clusters with our specimens.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FF8CE907FF1E63DB8B4A89D1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name refers to the type location, Xizang Autonomous Region, China.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FF8CE907FF1E63DB8B4A89D1.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Milin County, Nanyigou, under Abies and Pinus, alt. 3166 m, 20 Sep. 2015, B. B. Li & T. Z. Wei (holotype HMAS 274227).	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FF8CE907FF1E63DB8B4A89D1.taxon	description	Pileus 20 – 55 mm diam., convex when young, later plane to convex with rounded umbo, margin somewhat wavy, surface somewhat viscid and strongly hygrophanous when moist, at first with white fibrillose, especially at the margin, violet brown at margin, orange red at the centre. Lamellae emarginate, moderately crowded, greyish violet when young, later greyish orange to brown, edges even. Stipe 20 – 80 mm long, 5 – 7 mm thick, cylindrical to subcylindrical, slightly thickened at base, up to 12 mm, surface white fibrillose, bluish tinges at the apex. Universal veil white, sometimes forming a thin ring on the stipe. Context fleshy, bluish tinges, especially at the stipe apex. Odour and Taste not recorded. Basidiospores 7.1 – 9.0 (– 9.5) × 5.7 – 7.3 μm, Q = 1.10 – 1.38, Xav. = 7.6 – 8.2 × 6.3 – 7.0 μm, Qav. = 1.21 – 1.28, subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid, finely to moderately verrucose. Basidia clavate, 4 - spored, hyaline to subhyaline, rarely yellowish to yellowish brown. Lamellar edge fertile. Pileipellis duplex: epicutis well developed, hyphae interwoven, hyaline to yellowish brown, 3.5 – 10 μm wide, smooth or with encrusted spots; hypocutis well developed, hyphae 15 – 34 μm wide, hyaline, somewhat cellular. Clamp connections present.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FF8CE907FF1E63DB8B4A89D1.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: Scattered or gregarious in alpine coniferous forests of Abies and Pinus or mixed Abies dominated forests with Cupressus, Quercus, Rhododendron and Rosa. Known from Xizang of China.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FF8CE907FF1E63DB8B4A89D1.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Bomi County, alt. 3246 m, 21 Sep. 2014, Q. M. Wang & W. L. Lu, HMAS 272517; Milin County, Nanyigou, in Abies dominated forest with Quercus, Rhododendron and Rosa, alt. 3166 m, 20 Sep. 2015, T. Z. Wei & B. B. Li, HMAS 254260, HMAS 254261, HMAS 254415, HMAS 274219, HMAS 274980, HMAS 275038; Yadong County, Naiduila, in Abies dominated forest with Cupressus, Rosa and Rhododendron, alt. 3956 m, 14 Sep. 2015, T. Z. Wei & B. B. Li, HMAS 275210.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
03E587A1FF8CE907FF1E63DB8B4A89D1.taxon	discussion	Notes: Cortinarius xizangensis is characterized by a reddish brown and strongly hygrophanous pileus, a whitish universal veil, and subgloboid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. The nrITS sequence of the holotype differs from other known members of sect. Anomali by at least 32 substitutions and indel positions. Phylogenetically, C. xizangensis is close to C. anomalus and C. subanomalus. However, the pileus of C. anomalus is usually weakly hygrophanous and the basidiospores are larger, with dimensions of 8.0 – 9.0 (– 9.5) × (5.5 –) 6.0 – 7.0 μm (Dima et al. 2016). Cortinarius subanomalus has a violet veil, subgloboid basidiospores, and occurs in Quercus aquifolioides forests.	en	Xie, M. L., Dima, B., Wang, K., Phukhamsakda, C., Li, Y., Qi, L. L., Li, G. J., Liu, T. Z., Jia, P. S., Wang, Q., Song, L. R., Wei, T. Z., Li, Y. (2025): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54 (1): 225-263, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07
