taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E54C5B1E08FFDEFD96FC9FAC924543.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Gigantomorpha immanis Jeekel, 1963, by original designation.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E08FFDEFD96FC9FAC924543.taxon	diagnosis	Emended diagnosis Body medium to large-sized (ca 20 – 55 mm long, ca 2.8 – 8.0 mm wide), with 20 rings. Paraterga from moderately to strongly developed. Transverse metatergal sulci distinct. Legs moderate in length to rather long, without modifications. Adenostyles absent. Sternal lamina present between male coxae 4, following sternites modified with a cone near coxa, or unmodified. Gonopods slightly curved, relatively complex; coxa moderate in size, subcylindrical, sparsely setose distoventrally, without tubercles; prefemoral (= densely setose) part of telopodite relatively short, 1 / 5 – 1 / 3 as long as acropodite; femoral part long and slender, almost straight, without evidence of torsion (= seminal groove running only mesally), often slightly enlarged distally, with a clear-cut, oblique, distolateral sulcus demarcating a postfemoral part; solenophore moderately strongly curved mesad or caudomesad, consisting of well-developed laminae lateralis and medialis, yet with lamina medialis usually larger than lamina lateralis, lamina medialis developed only in distal part of postfemoral part, where it gives rise to a more or less complicated laminate process, tip of solenophore deeply bifid, each prong with either minute denticles or lappets, or completely reduced. Solenomere flagelliform, almost fully sheathed by solenophore.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E08FFDEFD96FC9FAC924543.taxon	discussion	Remarks The genus Gigantomorpha was originally established by Jeekel (1963) with the designation of G. immanis as type species. That work included descriptions of seven new species from Borneo and the transfer of two previously described species, Pratinus fasciatus Attems, 1898 from Borneo and Pratinus socialis Carl, 1912 from Sulawesi, due to uncertainties regarding the taxonomic status of Pratinus Attems, 1937 (Jeekel 1963). Subsequently, Golovatch (1996) re-examined the type material of G. immanis, refining the variation range of the ambiguities in some morphological characters. His study provided the detailed redescription and illustrations of G. immanis and included the description of a new species from Bali (Golovatch 1996).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E0FFFDDFE0EFDFEACB6400A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 6 EEF 956 F- 4240 - 4 B 6 F- 9213 - B 9 B 91 A 3 A 5 A 5 B Figs 2 – 4	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E0FFFDDFE0EFDFEACB6400A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This new species closely resembles G. sayapensis sp. nov., but differs in the pleurosternal carinae in males present until ring 7 (vs 4), shorter male legs, ca 1.3 – 1.5 times as long as midbody height (vs 1.5 – 1.7 times), and tarsal brushes in males present until ring 18 (vs ring 16), coupled with the gonopodal lamina medialis (lm) tip bifid, with a deep and evident incision (vs a single subtruncate tip).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E0FFFDDFE0EFDFEACB6400A.taxon	etymology	Etymology To emphasise the type locality, adjective in feminine gender.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E0FFFDDFE0EFDFEACB6400A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MALAYSIA • ♂; Borneo, Sabah, Tambunan, Crocker Range Park, Gunung Alab Substation; 5 ° 49 ′ 17.6 ″ N, 116 ° 20 ′ 29.4 ″ E; ca 1904 m a. s. l.; 19 Mar. 2023; T. H. Ng, T. S. Liew and F. Anthony leg.; SP 14836.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E0FFFDDFE0EFDFEACB6400A.taxon	description	Description Length of holotype 28.5 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazona of holotype, 2.2 and 4.8 mm, respectively. Colouration of alcohol material after seven months of preservation castaneous with a pattern of contrasting pale pinkish to whitish paraterga and epiproct, antennae brown to light yellowish, venter brownish to light brown, and legs light brown to light yellowish (Fig. 2 A – I). Clypeolabral region and vertex densely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae rather short (Fig. 2 B), reaching body ring 4 when stretched dorsally. In width, head <ring 3 <collum <ring 4 <2 <5 <6 <7 – 16 (Fig. 2 A), thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of strong setae: 3 + 3 anterior, 2 + 2 intermediate, and 4 + 4 posterior; caudal corner very broadly rounded, paraterga declined ventrad, not produced past rear tergal margin (Fig. 2 A – B). Tegument rather smooth and shining, prozona delicately shagreened, metaterga smooth and leathery, posterior halves faintly rugulose, surface below paraterga microgranulate (Fig. 2 A – F). Postcollum metaterga each with two transverse rows of setae: 2 + 2 in anterior, 3 (4) + 3 (4) in posterior row, setae in posterior row mostly abraded and borne on minute knobs or oblong wrinkles. Tergal setae rather short, strong, slender, about 1 / 4 metatergal length. Axial line traceable both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga strongly developed (Fig. 2 A – G), subhorizontal, slightly upturned posteriorly, always lying high, at upper 1 / 3 midbody height, but remaining below dorsum; anterior edge on rings 2 – 4 each broadly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; following rings slightly rounded and oblique laterally (Fig. 2 A); caudal corner almost completely to fully pointed, always extending past rear tergal margin, bent posteriad on rings 16 – 19 (Fig. 2 E – G); posterior edge oblique (Fig. 2 A, C, F); paraterga thin blunt blades in lateral view, a little thicker only on pore-bearing rings (Fig. 2 D). Calluses on paraterga delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, but on pore-bearing ring paraterga with sulci both dorsally and ventrally. Paraterga 2 – 4 broad, lateral edge of each with two small incisions at lateral edge (Fig. 2 A), one in anterior 1 / 3, the other in posterior 1 / 3. Lateral edge of paraterga of following rings with two small incisions, one larger and one smaller, but evident incisions in anterior 1 / 3 (Fig. 2 A, C, F). Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1 / 3 of metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga (Fig. 2 B, D – E). Transverse metatergal sulci usually distinct (Fig. 2 A, C, F), slightly incomplete on ring 19, complete and clearly visible on metaterga 5 – 18, deep and narrow, reaching the bases of paraterga, line-shape, ribbed at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow, deep, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 2 A, C, F). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests bulged anteriorly and with a sharp caudal tooth on ring 2, thereafter only a sharp caudal tooth on ring 3, a small denticle on ring 4, thereafter missing (Fig. 2 B). Epiproct (Fig. 2 E – G) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, subtruncate, with two evident apical papillae directed caudally, both pointed; pre-apical papillae small, but evident, lying close to tip. Hypoproct subtrapeziform (Fig. 2 G), small setigerous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident. Sterna separsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions rather shallow; a sparsely setose, transverse lobe bearing a paramedian pair of evident, basally contiguous cones between male coxae 4 and a pair of small, separated cones near each coxa 5 (Fig. 2 H – I). A paramedian pair of small, but evident tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.5 – 1.7 times as long as body height; prefemora without modifications; tarsal brushes present until legs of ring 16. Gonopods (Figs 3 – 4) simple; coxa long and thick, subcylindrical, a little curved caudad, sparsely setose distoventrally (Figs 3 A – B, E, 4 A – B). Prefemoral part short, densely setose as usual, about 1 / 4 as long as femoral part + postfemoral part (Fig. 3 A – B). Femoral part long and slender, expanded distad, slightly curved, postfemoral part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus (Figs 3 A – D, F, 4 A – B); seminal groove running entirely mesally along the femoral part, solenomere (sl) flagelliform, fully sheathed by solenophore (sph). Lamina medialis (lm) well developed, elevated, prominent, stout, slightly expanded apically, tip bifid with a deep and evident incision (Figs 3 A – D, 4 A), terminal lobe with minute denticles at ventral margin (Fig. 3 A, C, F). Lamina lateralis (ll) shorter than lamina medialis (lm), subtruncate at tip (Figs 3 A, C, 4 B).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E0FFFDDFE0EFDFEACB6400A.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was found at the Gunung Alab Substation (Fig. 1 C), inside a small building which houses the office and guesthouse, adjacent to forest trails, and together with Orangutana koropungoi Ng & Likhitrakarn sp. nov.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E0CFFD2FDE0F8A4AE104655.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia, East Borneo, S Mentawir (Jeekel 1963).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E03FFD2FDFAFEE7AE274586.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia, East Borneo, Birang River (Jeekel 1963).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E03FFD2FDFFFD39A9F74359.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia, Borneo (Attems 1898); South Borneo, Pleihari near Bandjarmasin (Jeekel 1982).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E03FFD2FDE0FB13AEE141C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia, East Borneo: Mountain Tibang, 1400 m a. s. l.; Pajan River; Blu-u, Mahakkarm River; Blu. u; Upper Manhakkam River; Mahakkam (Jeekel 1963). East Malaysia, Borneo, Sabah, Sandakan Residency Sepilok, “ Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserve ”, forest near “ Orang-Utan Rehabilitation Station ”, lowland rain forest; Sepilok, forest near pond, degraded lowland rain forest; “ Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserve ”, path toward mangrove, before “ Ridge ”, lowland rain forest; Interior Residency, Kimanis road, 8.5 mi from Keningau, path from “ Checkpoint ” to above village “ Temperate Vegetation Project ”; same locality, 8.5 mi from Keningau, Checkpoint, near barracks, 950 m a. s. l.; Borneo, Brunei, Temburong District, “ Peradayan Forest Reserve ” (= “ Bukit Patoi ”) 14.5 km from Bangar (= 2.5 km from Labu), primary mixed dipterocarp forest, 10 – 300 m a. s. l. (Golovatch 1996).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E03FFD6FE13F97DAC9B41D9.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 6000 B 413 - 08 B 8 - 4250 - 97 D 8 - F 6 D 9 E 50 E 1 C 62 Figs 5 – 7	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E03FFD6FE13F97DAC9B41D9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This new species closely resembles G. sayapensis sp. nov., especially in that both species have the gonopod tip small bifid without distinct branching. However, it is distinguished by the less strongly bordered paraterga (Fig. 5 A, C, F) (vs strongly bordered; Fig. 8 B, D, F), the sternal cones present only between male coxae 4 (vs between both male coxae 4 and 5), and the gonopodal lamina lateralis (ll) and lamina medialis (lm) subequal in length, long, and slender, slightly narrowed apically (Figs 6 A, C, E, 7 A – B) (vs lamina medialis (lm) larger and expanded apically, Figs 3 A – D, 4 A – B).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E03FFD6FE13F97DAC9B41D9.taxon	etymology	Etymology To emphasise the type locality, adjective in feminine gender.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E03FFD6FE13F97DAC9B41D9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MALAYSIA • ♂; Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, Mesilau Nature Resort, Nepenthes Trail; 6 ° 02 ′ 45.4 ″ N, 116 ° 35 ′ 49.1 ″ E; 1926 m a. s. l., 26 Sep. 2023; T. H. Ng, F. Anthony, E. S. H. Quah, J. Dulipat, F. J. Chong, A. Joseph and C. L. Soo leg.; BOR / MYR 90. Paratypes MALAYSIA • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; SP 14837 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; BOR / MYR 85 • 1 ♂; Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, Mesilau Nature Resort, Tambang Gate; 6 ° 02 ′ 41.7 ″ N, 116 ° 35 ′ 45.0 ″ E; 1922 m a. s. l.; 27 Sep. 2023; T. H. Ng, F. Anthony and F. J. Chong leg.; BOR / MYR 111 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; SP 14838 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; BOR / MYR 108 • 1 ♂; Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, Kinabalu Park, Mount Tambuyokon; 6 ° 12 ′ 24.5 ″ N, 116 ° 40 ′ 13.9 ″ E; 2012 m a. s. l.; 11 May 2023; T. H. Ng, F. Anthony and T. S. Liew leg.; SP 14839 • 1 ♀; Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, Kinabalu Park, Mount Tambuyokon; 6 ° 12 ′ 22.5 ″ N, 116 ° 40 ′ 06.7 ″ E; 2052 m a. s. l.; 11 May 2023; T. H. Ng, F. Anthony and T. S. Liew leg.; BOR / MYR 78 • 1 ♀; Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, Kinabalu Park, Mount Tambuyokon; 6 ° 12 ′ 45.5 ″ N, 116 ° 40 ′ 51.7 ″ E; 1398 m a. s. l.; 11 May 2023; T. H. Ng, F. Anthony and T. S. Liew leg.; SP 14840.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E03FFD6FE13F97DAC9B41D9.taxon	description	Description Length 35.4 – 41.3 mm (♂) or 33.5 – 39.5 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazonae 2.4 – 2.8 and 3.6 – 4.2 mm (♂) or 2.3 – 3.3 and 3.9 – 4.4 mm (♀), respectively. Holotype 37.4 mm long, and 2.7 and 4.1 mm wide on midbody pro- and metaterga, respectively. Colouration of alcohol material after one year of preservation dark brown or castaneous brown with a pattern of contrasting yellowish brown paraterga and epiproct (Fig. 5 A – G); antennae brown to light brown (Fig. 5 B); venter and legs light brown to light yellowish (Fig. 5 B, E – I). Clypeolabral region and vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae rather short (Fig. 5 B), reaching body ring 3 (♂, ♀) when stretched dorsally. In length, antennomere 3 = 2> 5> 4 = 6 >> 1 = 7. Interantennal isthmus ca 0.6 times diameter of antennal socket (Fig. 8 B). In width, head <collum <ring 3 <2 <4 <5 <6 <7 – 16 (Fig. 5 A), thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of strong setae: 3 + 3 anterior, 2 + 2 intermediate, and 4 + 4 posterior; caudal corner very broadly rounded, paraterga declined ventrad, not produced past rear tergal margin (Fig. 5 A – B). Tegument rather smooth and shining, prozona delicately shagreened, metaterga smooth and leathery, posterior halves faintly rugulose, surface below paraterga microgranulate (Fig. 5 A – F). Postcollum metaterga each with two transverse rows of setae: an anterior transverse row with 2 + 2, often abraded setae traceable at least as insertion points, and a posterior row with 4 (5) + 4 (5) setae borne on low, oblong, rounded tubercles or minute knobs with insertion points of mostly abraded setae. Tergal setae rather short, strong, slender, about 1 / 4 metatergal length. Axial line traceable both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 5 A – G), especially well so in males, subhorizontal to mostly slightly upturned, lying above dorsum or slightly above dorsum, thin in lateral view, like blunt blades, a little thicker only on pore-bearing rings, on postcollum rings extending increasingly beyond dorsum, especially so in rings 17 – 19; anterior edge broadly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner almost completely to fully pointed, always extending past rear tergal margin, bent posteriad on rings 17 – 19; posterior edge oblique (Fig. 5 A, C, F). Calluses on poreless paraterga delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, but on pore-bearing rings paraterga both dorsally and ventrally. Paraterga 2 broad, lateral edge with three small acute denticles, one at midway, the other two each at posterior 1 / 3 (Fig. 5 A). Paraterga 3 and 4 each with two similar evident incisions, one at midway, the other in posterior 1 / 3 (Fig. 5 A). Following poreless rings with two evident incisions, one at midway, the other in posterior 1 / 3, caudal incision in pore-bearing rings smaller or gradually reduced in posterior rings (Fig. 5 D, F). Ozopores evident, lateral, each lying in an ovoid groove at about 1 / 3 metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga (Fig. 5 C – E). Transverse sulcus usually distinct (Fig. 5 A, C, F), complete and visible on metaterga 5 – 18, rather deep and narrow, reaching the bases of paraterga, linear, ribbed at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona rather wide, deep, ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 5 A, C, F). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on rings 2 and 3 (Fig. 8 B), each with an evident sharp denticle caudally, thereafter increasingly reduced until ring 8 (♂) or 7 (♀). Epiproct (Fig. 5 E – G) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, subtruncate, with two evident apical papillae directed caudally, both pointed at tip; pre-apical papillae evident, lying close to tip. Hypoproct subtrapeziform (Fig. 5 G), small setigerous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident. Sterna separsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions shallow; two large and long, fully separated, sparsely setose, sternal cones between male coxae 4 (Fig. 5 H – I). A paramedian pair of small tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.3 – 1.5 (♂) or 1.1 – 1.3 (♀) times as long as body height; prefemora without modifications; tarsal brushes present until legs of ring 17. Gonopods (Figs 6 – 7) simple; coxa long and thick, subcylindrical, a little curved caudad, sparsely setose distoventrally (Figs 6 A – B, 7 A – B). Prefemoral part short, densely setose as usual, about 1 / 4 as long as femoral part + postfemoral part (Fig. 7 A – B). Femoral part long and slender, slightly expanded distad, curved, postfemoral part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus (Figs 6 A – B, D, F, 7 A – B); seminal groove running entirely mesally along fermorite, solenomere (sl) flagelliform, fully sheathed by solenophore (sph). Both lamina lateralis (ll) and lamina medialis (lm) well developed, subequal in length, long and slender (Figs 6 A, C, E, 7 B). Lamina medialis (lm) with tip clearly bifid (Fig. 7 A).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E03FFD6FE13F97DAC9B41D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was collected on rocks and vegetation, under rotten branches or logs, in lower montane forest habitats in the Mesilau and Mount Tambuyokon areas in the eastern part of the Kinabalu Park complex (Fig. 1 C).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E07FFD7FDCBF894AE1A4670.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia Bali: Bedugul, slope above Lake Bartan, 1130 – 1180 m a. s. l.; same locality, Botanical Gardens, forested part, 1230 – 1260 m a. s. l. (Golovatch 1996).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E06FFD7FDEAFE0BAE1045AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia, East Borneo, S Mentawir (Jeekel 1963).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E06FFD7FDEBFD5FAEC44343.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia (South Sulawesi), Bontorio, south Celebes (Carl 1912).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E06FFD7FDFCFBFDAEB6427F.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia, East Borneo, without a precise locality (Jeekel 1963).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E06FFD7FDC1FA32AE1041D0.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia, East Borneo, S Mentawir (Jeekel 1963).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E06FFD4FDCBF96BAEB64655.taxon	distribution	Distribution Indonesia, East Borneo, without a precise locality (Jeekel 1963).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E05FFCBFE06FEE8AE58425E.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 B 7 E 2 FB 6 - 3395 - 4 DEA-B 2 C 0 - B 33 CB 42 E 53 DD Figs 8 – 10	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E05FFCBFE06FEE8AE58425E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Differs from all known congeners by the gonopod tip with a small bifid structure, lacking the distinct branching observed in other species. This characteristic appears to be particularly similar to both G. mutilata and G. transmontana. However, the new species differs in having a thicker, apically expanding solenophore (i. e., the solenophore becomes slightly wider towards the apex) (Figs 9 B – C, 10 A – C) (vs long, slender and tapering in all the other species).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E05FFCBFE06FEE8AE58425E.taxon	etymology	Etymology To emphasise the type locality, adjective in feminine gender.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E05FFCBFE06FEE8AE58425E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MALAYSIA • ♂; Borneo, Sabah, Kota Belud, Kinabalu Park, Sayap Substation; 6 ° 09 ′ 8.9 ″ N, 116 ° 34 ′ 8.5 ″ E; ca 1071 m a. s. l.; 10 Mar. 2023; T. H. Ng, F. Anthony and D. Bantason leg.; SP 14835.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E05FFCBFE06FEE8AE58425E.taxon	description	Description Length of holotype 35.3 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazona of holotype, 2.5 and 5.1 mm, respectively. Colouration of living animal castaneous brown (Fig. 8 A); with contrasting pale pinkish paraterga, antennae dark brown, venter and legs yellowish brown; colouration of alcohol material after seven months of preservation a little faded to red-brown castaneous; paraterga pale pinkish to pale red, antennae brown to light brown, venter and legs light brown to light yellowish (Fig. 8 B – J). Clypeolabral region and vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae rather short (Fig. 8 A – C), reaching body ring 4 when stretched dorsally. In length, antennomere 3> 2 = 4> 5> 6 >> 1 = 7. Interantennal isthmus ca 0.6 times diameter of antennal socket (Fig. 8 B). In width, head <ring 3 <4 <collum <ring 2 <5 <6 <7 – 16 (Fig. 8 B), thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of strong setae: 3 + 3 anterior, 2 + 2 intermediate, and 4 + 4 posterior; caudal corner very broadly rounded, paraterga declined ventrad, not produced past rear tergal margin (Fig. 8 C). Tegument rather smooth and shining, prozona delicately shagreened, metaterga smooth and leathery, posterior halves faintly rugulose, surface below paraterga microgranulate (Fig. 8 A – F, H). Postcollum metaterga each with two transverse rows of setae: 2 + 2 in anterior and 3 + 3 in posterior row, setae in posterior row mostly abraded and borne on minute knobs or oblong wrinkles (Fig. 8 B – F, H). Tergal setae rather short, strong, slender, about 1 / 5 metatergal length. Axial line traceable both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga strongly developed (Fig. 8 A – F, H), subhorizontal, slightly upturned posteriorly, always lying high, at upper 1 / 3 midbody height, but remaining below dorsum; anterior edge broadly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner almost completely to fully pointed, always extending past rear tergal margin, bent posteriad on rings 18 and 19; posterior edge oblique (Fig. 8 B, D, F); paraterga thin blunt blades in lateral view, a little thicker only on pore-bearing rings (Fig. 8 E). Calluses on paraterga delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, but on pore-bearing ring paraterga demarcated by sulci both dorsally and ventrally. Paraterga 2 broad, lateral edge with two small incisions at lateral edge (Fig. 8 B), one in anterior 1 / 3, the other at posterior 1 / 3. Paraterga 3 and 4 each with an evident incision in anterior 1 / 3 and a small knob in posterior 1 / 3 (Fig. 8 B). Lateral edge of paraterga of following rings with two small incisions, one in anterior 1 / 3, the other at midway, caudal incision in the pore-bearing rings smaller or gradually reduced in posterior rings (Fig. 8 D, F). Ozopores evident, lateral, each lying in an ovoid groove at about 1 / 3 metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga (Fig. 8 C, E, H). Transverse metatergal sulci usually distinct (Fig. 8 B, D, F), slightly incomplete on rings 4 and 19, complete and clearly visible on metaterga 5 – 18, rather deep and wide, reaching the bases of paraterga, arcuate, faintly beaded at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow, deep, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 8 C – E). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests on ring 2, thereafter broken into an anterior bulge and a caudal tooth, both increasingly reduced until ring 7, thereafter missing (Fig. 8 C, E, H). Epiproct (Fig. 8 F – H) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, subtruncate, with two evident apical papillae directed caudally, both pointed at tip; pre-apical papillae small, but evident, lying close to tip. Hypoproct subtrapeziform (Fig. 8 G), small setigerous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident. Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications (Fig. 8 G); cross-impressions shallow; a sparsely setose and transverse lobe bearing a paramedian pair of evident, basally contiguous cones between male coxae 4 and a pair of small, separated cones near each coxa 5 (Fig. 8 I – J). A paramedian pair of small, but evident tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody legs ca 1.3 – 1.5 times as long as body height (Fig. 8 A, C); prefemora without modifications; tarsal brushes present until legs of ring 18. Gonopods (Figs 9 – 10) rather simple; coxa long and thick, subcylindrical, a little curved caudad, sparsely setose distoventrally (Figs 9 A – B, 10 A – C). Prefemoral part short, densely setose as usual, about 1 / 4 as long as femoral part + postfemoral part (Fig. 10 A – C). Femoral part long and slender, expanded distad, slightly curved, postfemoral part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus (Figs 9 B – C, F, 10 A, C); seminal groove running entirely mesally along the femoral part, solenomere (sl) flagelliform, fully sheathed by solenophore (sph). Lamina medialis (lm) well developed, prominent and unciform, terminal tip clearly bifid, terminal lobe a little larger than subterminal one (Figs 9 A – D, E, 10 B – C). Lamina lateralis (ll) unciform, shorter than lamina medialis (lm), bifid, with two subequal lobes (Figs 9, 10 B – C).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E05FFCBFE06FEE8AE58425E.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was collected from the ground, under a rotten branch, in a lower montane forest habitat on the western side of the Kinabalu Park complex (Fig. 1 C).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E18FFC9FD94FE99AE1B436F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Orangutana setosa Golovatch, 1996, by original designation.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E18FFC9FD94FE99AE1B436F.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Body small to medium-sized (ca 11 – 35 mm long, ca 0.9 – 5.1 mm wide), with 20 rings. Paraterga from moderately to strongly developed. Transverse metatergal sulci distinct. Legs relatively long and slender, without modifications. Adenostyles absent. Sternal lamina present only between male coxae 4. Postcollum metaterga each with a dense row of uniform setae at posterior margin. Gonopods simple to relatively complex; coxa long and subcylindrical, sparsely setose distoventrally, without tubercles; prefemoral part of telopodite densely setose, relatively short, 1 / 4 – 1 / 5 as long as acropodite; femoral part very long and slender, without evidence of torsion (= seminal groove running only mesally); solenophore hypertrophied due to both a well-developed lamina lateralis and a distally strongly notched lamina medialis, both laminae sheathing most of a relatively short and flagelliform solenomere; free solenomere branching off proximally, not extended to the same height as the sulcus demarcating the solenophore.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E18FFCDFE36FB01AFA641BE.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 B 93 D 671 - E 078 - 4 D 33 - 9288 - 1 DF 5 A 7 C 98 B 82 Figs 11 – 13	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E18FFCDFE36FB01AFA641BE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This new species strongly resembles Orangutana setosa, with which it appears to share most of the gonopodal characteristics. However, the new species is distinguished from O. setosa by its considerably larger body measuring 35.3 mm in length (vs smaller, 11 – 12 mm), the colour pattern which is black to dark brown with contrasting lighter red-brown paraterga (Fig. 11 A – H) (vs a uniformly pale yellowish brown to pale brown body), the longer antennae, in situ reaching body ring 4 (Fig. 11 A, C) (vs only past body ring 2), as well as the pleurosternal carinae being with complete crests, each with an evident, sharp, caudal denticle produced past the rear tergal margin on rings 2 – 4, gradually decreasing in size until rings 7 (♂) or 4 (♀) (Fig. 11 C, E, H) (vs completely absent), male sterna without modifications (vs male sterna show vestigial rounded knobs near the coxae starting with ring 8 onwards).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E18FFCDFE36FB01AFA641BE.taxon	etymology	Etymology “ Koropungoi ” is a vernacular name commonly used in the central Dusun language, which is spoken by people indigenous to the area around Gunung Alab and Mount Kinabalu, to denote a small millipede; noun in apposition.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E18FFCDFE36FB01AFA641BE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MALAYSIA • ♂; Borneo, Sabah, Tambunan, Crocker Range Park, Gunung Alab Substation; 5 ° 49 ′ 17.6 ″ N, 116 ° 20 ′ 29.4 ″ E; 1904 m a. s. l.; 19 Mar. 2023; T. H. Ng, T. S. Liew and F. Anthony leg.; BOR / MYR 44. Paratypes MALAYSIA • 1 ♀; Borneo, Sabah, Tambunan, Crocker Range Park, Gunung Alab Substation, along Minduk Sirung Trail; 5 ° 49 ′ 4.52 ″ N, 116 ° 21 ′ 52 ″ E; 1918 m a. s. l.; 20 Mar. 2023; T. H. Ng, T. S. Liew and F. Anthony leg.; SP 14831 • 1 ♂; Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, Mesilau Nature Resort, Nepenthes Trail; 6 ° 02 ′ 45.4 ″ N, 116 ° 35 ′ 49.1 ″ E; 1926 m a. s. l.; 26 Sep. 2023; T. H. Ng, F. Anthony, E. S. H. Quah, J. Dulipat, F. J. Chong, A. Joseph and C. L. Soo leg.; BOR / MYR 891 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; SP 14833 • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; BOR / MYR 86, 88 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; SP 14834 • 2 ♀♀; Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, Mesilau Nature Resort, Tambang Gate; 6 ° 02 ′ 41.7 ″ N, 116 ° 35 ′ 45.0 ″ E; 1922 m a. s. l.; 27 Sep. 2023; T. H. Ng, F. Anthony and F. J. Chong leg.; BOR / MYR 109, 110 • 1 ♀; Borneo, Sabah, Tambunan, Crocker Range Park, Gunung Alab Substation, Nepenthes Trail; 5 ° 49 ′ 21.4 ″ N, 116 ° 20 ′ 30.5 ″ E; ca 1900 m a. s. l.; 26 Mar. 2024; T. H. Ng and F. Anthony leg.; BOR / MYR 137 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 27 Mar. 2024; BOR / MYR 138 • 1 ♂; Borneo, Sabah, Tambunan, Crocker Range Park, Gunung Alab Substation, along road up to substation; 5 ° 49 ′ 14.52 ″ N, 116 ° 21 ′ 52 ″ E; ca 1800 m a. s. l.; 27 Mar. 2024; T. H. Ng and F. Anthony leg.; BOR / MYR 144.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E18FFCDFE36FB01AFA641BE.taxon	description	Description Length 30.6 – 32.5 mm (♂) or 26.8 – 34.8 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.2 – 2.7 and 3.3 – 3.6 mm (♂) or 2.6 – 3.5 and 3.2 – 4.3 mm (♀), respectively. Colouration of live animals blackish (Fig. 11 A); with contrasting pale red paraterga, antennae brown, venter and legs yellowish brown; colouration of alcohol material after seven months of preservation faded to castaneous brown; paraterga yellowish brown to pallid, antennae light, venter and legs light brown to light yellowish (Fig. 11 B – J). Clypeolabral region and vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae rather short (Fig. 11 A), reaching body ring 4 (♂, ♀) when stretched dorsally. In length, antennomere 2> 3 = 4> 5> 6 >> 1 = 7. Interantennal isthmus ca 0.6 times diameter of antennal socket (Fig. 12 A). In width, head <collum <ring 3 <2 <4 <5 <6 <7 – 16 (Fig. 11 A – B), thereafter body gently and gradually tapering (♂, ♀). Collum with three transverse rows of strong setae: 3 + 3 anterior, 2 + 2 intermediate, and 4 + 4 posterior; caudal corner very broadly rounded, paraterga declined ventrad, not produced past rear tergal margin (Fig. 11 A, C). Tegument rather smooth and shining, moderately rugulose only near transverse sulcus, prozona delicately shagreened, metaterga smooth and leathery, posterior halves often rugulose, surface below paraterga microgranulate (Fig. 11 A – F, H). Postcollum metaterga each with two uniform and transverse rows of setae: 2 + 2 in anterior, 3 + 3 in posterior row (Fig. 11 B – H); setae in posterior row borne on knobs, which become increasingly crestlike towards the telson, these reaching the transverse sulcus, but then gradually decreasing in size towards ring 19 (Fig. 11 B, D, F). Tergal setae short, strong, slender, about 1 / 6 metatergal length. Axial line traceable both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga strongly developed (Fig. 11 A – F, H), subhorizontal, slightly upturned posteriorly, always lying high, at upper 1 / 3 midbody height, but remaining below dorsum; anterior edge well-developed, mostly nearly straight and narrowly bordered, fused to callus (Fig. 11 B, D); caudal corner of most paraterga very narrowly rounded, extending increasingly posterior tergal margin, slightly curved mesad on rings 14 – 19 (Fig. 11 F), posterior edge oblique (Fig. 11 D, F); paraterga very thin blunt blades in lateral view, a little thicker only on pore-bearing rings (Fig. 11 E). Calluses on paraterga delimited by a sulcus only dorsally. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge convex, lateral edge with four small acute denticles. Following poreless rings each with two small incisions at lateral edge (Fig. 11 B), one larger in anterior 1 / 3, the other smaller at posterior 1 / 3. Lateral edge of paraterga of following poreless rings with only one small incision near midway (Fig. 11 D). Ozopores evident, lateral, each lying in an ovoid groove at about 1 / 3 metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga (Fig. 11 C, E). Transverse metatergal sulci usually distinct (Fig. 11 B, D, F), slightly incomplete on rings 4 and 18, complete and clearly visible on metaterga 5 – 17, rather deep, reaching the bases of paraterga, ribbed at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona rather wide, deep, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 11 C – E). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests on rings 2 – 4, thereafter missing (♀) or broken into an anterior bulge and a caudal tooth, both increasingly reduced until ring 7, thereafter missing (♂) (Fig. 11 C, E, H). Epiproct (Fig. 11 F – H) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, subtruncate, with two evident apical papillae directed caudally, both pointed at tip; pre-apical papillae small, but evident, lying close to tip. Hypoproct subtrapeziform (Fig. 11 G), small setigerous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident. Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions shallow; a sparsely setose, transverse lobe bearing a paramedian pair of evident, basally contiguous cones between male coxae 4 (Fig. 11 I – J). A paramedian pair of small, but evident tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody legs ca 1.2 – 1.4 (♂) or 1.1 – 1.3 (♀) times as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until legs 7. Gonopods (Figs 12 – 13) rather complex; coxa long and thick, subcylindrical, a little curved caudad, sparsely setose distoventrally (Figs 12 A – B, 14). Prefemoral part very short, densely setose about 1 / 5 as long as femoral part + postfemoral part (Figs 12 A – B, 14 A – C). Femoral part long and slender, slightly curved distad, postfemoral – part demarcated by a very faint and oblique lateral sulcus (Figs 12 B, E – F, 13 C); seminal groove running entirely mesally along the femoral part, solenomere (sl) flagelliform, fully sheathed by solenophore (sph). Solenophore hypertrophied composed of both well-developed lamina lateralis and lamina medialis. Lamina medialis (lm) well developed, thick and large, unciform, expanded apically, terminal tip clearly bifid, subterminal lobe smaller than terminal one, triangular in shape and pointed at tip; with a strong, sharp and denticulate process (d) at caudal edge (Figs 12 – 13). Lamina lateralis (ll) thick and large, expanded apically, set lower than lamina medialis, both laminae supporting and sheathing most of solenomere (Figs 12, 13 A, C – D).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E18FFCDFE36FB01AFA641BE.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was found at the Gunung Alab Substation (Fig. 1 C), which primarily consists of mossy, montane forest habitats and experiences limited periods of sunlight and extensive fog cover throughout the day (Majuakim & Anthony 2016). One individual was found inside a small building which houses the office and guesthouse, adjacent to forest trails, and together with Gigantomorpha alabensis sp. nov., while the others were revealed under rotten logs along forest trails or by the roadside. The species was also found in the eastern part of the Kinabalu Park complex, at Mesilau (Fig. 1 C). Orangutana setosa, was reported from lowland areas in Sepilok, Sandakan, in eastern Sabah, approximately 180 km away from the type locality of the new species.	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E1CFFC2FD97F971A85846BF.taxon	description	Fig. 14	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
03E54C5B1E1CFFC2FD97F971A85846BF.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was described from Sepilok, Sandakan, in eastern Sabah, ca 50 m a. s. l., 5 ° 51 ′ 54 ″ N, 117 ° 56 ′ 55 ″ E (Golovatch 1996). The type locality is located within the Sepilok Orang Utan Rehabilitation Centre, which was established in 1964 as the first official orang utan initiative to rescue and rehabilitate orphaned juvenile orang utan for eventually returning to the wild (Sabah Wildlife Department 2021).	en	Ng, Ting Hui, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak, Latim, Martinah, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai (2025): A taxonomic study of millipede genera, Orangutana Golovatch, 1996 and Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with description of four new species from Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 221-248, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2871, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2871/13043
