identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E39B4EFFF2FFE8FC6906E4FD93FC92.text	03E39B4EFFF2FFE8FC6906E4FD93FC92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lissodus lepagei Duffin 1993	<div><p>Lissodus lepagei Duffin, 1993a</p><p>(Figure 2 A-H)</p><p>Specimens referred. NHMD–1811650 – tooth; NHMD–1811651 – tooth; NHMD–1811652 – tooth; and 270 additional teeth were identified and stored under collections number NHMD–1811705.</p><p>Locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">From</a> site 62/91/G, western side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">Tait Bjerg</a>, Jameson Land, East Greenland (71°28´34´´ North 22°40´43´´ West) .</p><p>Horizon and age. Thin bone bed in Carlsberg Fjord Member of the Ørsted Dal Formation in the Fleming Fjord Group. Late Triassic (Norian).</p><p>Emended diagnosis. Teeth of Lissodus, which range from very small (around 0.5 mm) to moderately small (up to 3 mm), showing moderate heterodonty. Coronal morphology is generally conservative with a low to high principal cusp, in posterior and anterior teeth, respectively, up to three pairs of lateral cusplets and a crenulate occlusal crest. The moderate to strong labial peg (around 0.5 mm) possesses a strong accessory cusplet and shows considerable variation in shape in occlusal view. Fine to strong vertical ridges are confined to upper lingual and upper labial faces of the crown. A horizontal ridge surrounds the crown at the top of the crown shoulder, without anastomosis.</p><p>Description. From the collection, 273 teeth have been assigned to Lissodus lepagei . Those teeth strongly vary in size, from less than 1 mm to almost 3 mm long mesiodistally, never exceedingly further. The crown profile is gracile and narrow, although it can be thicker. The height and width of the crown vary on the tooth, but it is usually 0.5 mm high, excluding the cusps, and 0.4 mm wide labiolingually. The tooth is weakly curved lingually. The crown possesses a high principal cusp and up to three pairs of lateral cusplets in some teeth. The horizontal ridge circles all around the crown at the crown shoulder, at the middle height of the crown.</p><p>The occlusal crest, being particularly salient, is positioned at the mesiodistal length of the crown,</p><p>extending through the apices of the principal cusp and lateral cusplets. Each cusp/cusplet is ornamented by at least one vertical ridge on both lingual and labial faces descending from the apices to the horizontal ridge. The principal cusp may display two other non-branching vertical ridges on both sides. Otherwise, the crown surface is smooth. The labial peg is moderately strong and rounded, surmounted by an additional cusplet, discernible depending on the tooth, while the lingual peg is less prominent (Figure 2 A-B). The root is preserved on a dozen specimens. It is as high as the crown, approximately 0.5 mm. The crown/root junction is deeply incised around the tooth. It is lingually directed, with its lingual and labial sides showing aligned foramina. Two morphotypes have been identified (Figure 2 A-B, E-H), though there is a continuous spectrum of shape variation, with teeth showing an intermediate state of characters suggesting a position between the two morphotypes (Figure 2 C-D), representing only the extreme of this spectrum.</p><p>Morphotype “ Lissodus lepagei 1” (LL1) (Figure 2 AB): It is usually the longest mesiodistally morphotype present. It has the highest cusp, with a height of 1 mm from the crown and lateral cusplets. Concerning the latter, they are longer than high; their height is never higher than half of the principal cusp. The labial peg is prominent and distinguishes itself from the rest of the tooth. The accessory cusplet ornamenting the labial peg is present, although, due to erosion, it can be difficult to discern it or even absent in strongly eroded specimens.</p><p>Morphotype “ Lissodus lepagei 2” (LL2) (Figure 2 EH): This morphotype is stockier with a lower principal cusp. The lateral cusplets may be absent or less distinguishable. The base is usually concave. In some specimens, the labial vertical ridge descending from the apex of the principal cusp may end at the labial peg ornamented by an accessory cusplet, usually more prominent than in Morphotype LL1.</p><p>Remarks. The assignment to Lissodus is based on the presence of a labial protuberance gently slop-</p><p>ing towards the crown base (the labial peg), a triangular crown shape in occlusal view, a root lingually inclined marked by a row of small circular foramina on both lingual and labial side (Rees and Underwood, 2002). The description of the numerous specimens from Jameson Land Basin matches the diagnosis of Lissodus lepagei from the middle Norian of Luxembourg, as described by Duffin (1993a). Both specimens from Greenland and Luxembourg have a crenulated occlusal crest, with up to three pairs of lateral cusplets and a variableshaped labial peg surmounted by a cusplet in some cases (Duffin, 1993a). This species, unlike other Lissodus species, is barely known in the fossil record, reported only in middle Norian of Western Europe countries like France (Grozon), Luxembourg (Syren and Medernach), and probably the Middle Triassic of Spain (Duffin, 1993a; Cuny et al., 1998; Godefroit et al., 1998; Pla et al., 2013). The labial peg is moderately to strongly prominent, sometimes angled mesiodistally. As in the Medernach specimens, the accessory cusplet is present in most of the teeth, but it can be absent due to erosion. Contrary to the specimens from Medernach (Duffin, 1993a), there is a higher degree of variation in size, and morphologically, it could be interpreted as a monognatic heterodonty where Morphotype LL1 might be anterior or lateral teeth, and Morphotype LL2 represents posterior teeth. Morphotype LL2 shows strong morphological similarities with the specimens from Medernach (e.g., holotype BM(NH) P. 62633 in Duffin, 1993a), with a similar size (1 mm long mesiodistally), an occlusal crest with a cutting edge surmounted by a low principal cusp and up to three pairs of lateral cusplets, ornamented by vertical ridges restricted to the upper part of the crown, and a prominent labial peg with an accessory cusplet. Morphotype LL1 differs only by having a very high principal cusp, demarcating itself from the rest of the crown. Following these differences (higher degree of heterodonty, anterior teeth with more prominent principal cusp and a greater range of size variation), we emended the diagnosis as seen previously in the text.</p><p>We exclude the identification as to Lissodus nodosus (Seilacher, 1943), known from the Norian of Germany (Duffin, 2001), by the presence of labial and lingual nodes, the lack of prominent lateral cusplets and horizontal ridge on the crown and a labial peg devoid of any accessory cusplet as described in the holotype SMNS 50.214. For similar reasons, the possibility of Lissodus angulatus (Stensiö, 1921) or Lissodus africanus (Broom, 1909) is ruled out as both differ from our specimens by the absence of the accessory cusplet on the labial peg, the lack of lateral cusplets, and no horizontal ridge around the crown shoulder. Moreover, L. lepagei has more gracile teeth with entirely distinguishable cusps, as opposed to the wide labiolingually and low crown present in most Lissodus species (Duffin, 2001). For this study, L. lepagei is considered a valid species of Lissodus, but we recognise that more work on the systematics of Hybodontiformes is needed. For example, L. lepagei was thought to represent juvenile specimens of Lissodus minimus; however, due to the absence of adult L. minimus from the material of Medernach (Luxembourg) this hypothesis might be refuted (Duffin, 1993a). Interestingly, Morphotype LL1 teeth also share similarities with teeth of Parvodus rugianus (Ansorge, 1990), an Early Cretaceous species displaying moderately high principal cusp, two to three pairs of lateral cusplets and a labial peg rounded (Rees, 2002). Parvodus dentition is characterised by a low degree of monognatic heterodonty (Rees, 2002, Rees et al., 2013). The original author, Ansorge, assigned his specimens to Lissodus before they were reviewed as Parvodus (Rees and Underwood, 2002) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39B4EFFF2FFE8FC6906E4FD93FC92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jésus, Valerian J. P.;Mateus, Octávio;Milàn, Jesper;Clemmensen, Lars B.	Jésus, Valerian J. P., Mateus, Octávio, Milàn, Jesper, Clemmensen, Lars B. (2025): Late Triassic small and medium-sized vertebrates from the Fleming Fjord Group of the Jameson Land Basin, central East Greenland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 18) 28 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.26879/1423, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1423
03E39B4EFFF7FFE9FF0F072CFBEFF930.text	03E39B4EFFF7FFE9FF0F072CFBEFF930.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lissodus Brough. Neues Jahrbuch 1935	<div><p>Lissodus cf. Lissodus minimus (Agassiz, 1836)</p><p>(Figure 2 I-N)</p><p>Specimens referred. NHMD–1811662 – tooth; NHMD–1811663 – tooth; NHMD–1811664 – tooth; and 174 additional teeth were identified and stored under collections number NHMD–1811707.</p><p>Locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">From</a> site 62/91/G, western side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">Tait Bjerg</a>, Jameson Land, East Greenland (71°28´34´´ North 22°40´43´´ West) .</p><p>Horizon and age. Thin bone bed in Carlsberg Fjord Member of the Ørsted Dal Formation in the Fleming Fjord Group. Late Triassic (Norian).</p><p>Description. Among the 177 teeth of Lissodus cf. Lissodus minimus, the size varies between morphotypes but never exceeds 3 mm long, except for one incomplete specimen measuring 3.5 mm mesiodistally, with one cusp end missing. The height and width of the crown vary but are around 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. The tooth is often curved lingually and has a concave base. The crown comprises a diamond-shaped principal cusp. One pair of low lateral cusplets may be present in some teeth. Different types of ridges ornament the surface of the crown. The horizontal ridge is at the level of the crown shoulder and runs all around the tooth. The occlusal crest runs along the mesiodistal length, passing through the apices of the principal cusp and lateral cusplets. Vertical ridges descend from the apices of the principal cusp and the occlusal crest and lateral cusplets when present. The labial side exhibits a low labial peg perpendicular to the occlusal crest, pointing toward the base of the crown. It can be prominent according to the morphotype. The lingual peg may be less discernible (Figure 2N). The distal ends of the crown are rounded. When preserved, the root is less deep than the crown. The crown/root junction is deeply incised around the tooth. The root follows the same concavity as the base. It is as high as the crown, approximately 0.5 mm. It is lingually directed and ridged horizontally on the labial side,</p><p>with vascular foramina running parallel to the crown base. Variations have been observed between the numerous specimens, some with eroded cusps and crown surfaces, removing the ridges. At least three morphotypes have been observed in the collection.</p><p>Morphotype “ Lissodus minimus 1” (Lm1) (Figure 2 I-J): It is usually the smallest morphotype, up to 1.5 mm long. Unlike the pyramidal principal cusp, the crown is lower distally and weakly ridged, almost smooth. Lateral cusplets can be present, their top being lingually curved. The peg is triangular in occlusal view.</p><p>Morphotype “ Lissodus minimus 2” (Lm2) (Figure 2 K-M): It is an intermediate morphology between Morphotype Lm1 and Morphotype Lm3 (see below). They are 2 mm long and 0.5-- 1 mm wide. They are slightly curved lingually and concave at the base. The teeth show a low crown; the horizontal ridge is closer to the base. The principal cusp is pyramidal and very wide, more bulbous than in the previous morphotype Lm1, while the mesiodistal ends are thinner (half the width of the principal cusp). Lateral cusplets are absent in this morphotype. The labial peg is lower and rounded, shaped like a ‘U.’ The surface is strongly vertically ridged, but the occlusal crest is less sharp than on the anterior teeth.</p><p>Morphotype “ Lissodus minimus 3” (Lm3) (Figure 2N): This morphotype regroups the most robust teeth. The crown is longer mesiodistally and wider labiolingually. The principal cusp is domed-shaped and lower. The peg cannot be distinguished from the cusp. The base is curved but far less than in the other morphotypes. The tooth is also curved lingually at the distal part. The horizontal ridge is difficult to distinguish as the crown profile is very low. This is the morphotype with most vertical ridges descending from the apex, showing bifurcation between them. No root has been preserved.</p><p>Remarks. As for L. lepagei, the assignation to Lissodus is based on a labial peg, a triangular crown shape in occlusal view and a lingually inclined root ornamented by foramina on both the lingual and labial sides (Rees and Underwood, 2002). It is helped by the overall morphology similar to Lissodus minimus (Agassiz, 1836): domed teeth with low cusp, broad and triangular labial peg, and ornamentation with numerous ridges (Duffin, 1985). This species is well known in Northwestern and central Europe: Britain (Allard et al., 2015; Moreau et al., 2021), France (Duffin, 1993b [Saint- Nicolas-de-Port]; Cuny et al., 2000 [Lons-le-Saunier]), Belgium (Duffin and Delsate, 1993), Luxembourg (Syren and Medernach) (Godefroit et al., 1998), Germany (Konietzko-Meier et al., 2019), and Poland (Duffin and Gaździcki, 1977) (Fischer, 2008). Recently, it has been observed in the English Rhaetian on numerous occasions (Korneisel et al., 2015; Norden et al., 2015; Slater et al., 2016; Cross et al., 2018; Moreau et al., 2021), allowing comparison of recently discovered specimens showing multiple examples of the monognathic heterodonty, with three to five different morphotypes: anterior, anterolateral, lateral, postero-lateral, and posterior. Lm1 could be an anterolateral tooth morphotype of Lissodus cf. L. minimus, Lm 2 a lateral tooth, and Lm3 a posterior tooth. Duffin (1985) observed two main tooth types that are matched by morphotypes Lm1 and Lm2 (e.g., BGM CD 55 and BGM CD 56 for the first type), and Lm3 (e.g., BGM CD 57 and BGM CD 58 for the second type). According to the author, BGM CD 55 is a mesial tooth, BGM CD 56 an anterolateral tooth, BGM CD 57 a lateral tooth, and BGM CD 58 an extreme lateral tooth (Duffin, 1985), corresponding to the attributed position of Greenland morphotypes. Also, most of the changes mentioned by Duffin (1985) are observed between morphotypes, taking place distally through the dentition starting from the anterior teeth like elongation mesiodistally, the crown becoming shallower, an increase of vertical ridges number and their bifurcation. Since lateral cusplets are absent in most teeth, and their dimensions do not match those of L. minimus described by Duffin (1985, 1993b, 2001), we prefer to use L. cf. L. minimus to refer to the specimens from Greenland.</p><p>Hybodontiformes indet.</p><p>(Figure 2 O-S)</p><p>Specimens referred. NHMD–1811665 – dorsal spine; NHMD–1811666 – dermal denticle; NHMD– 1811667 – cephalic spine; NHMD–1811726 – dorsal spine; NHMD–1811727 – dorsal spine; NHMD– 1811728 – dorsal spine; NHMD–1811729 – dorsal spine; NHMD–1811730 – dorsal spine; NHMD–</p><p>1811731 – dorsal spine; NHMD–1811732 – dermal denticle; NHMD–1811733 – dermal denticle;</p><p>NHMD–1811734 – dermal denticle; NHMD–</p><p>1811735 – dermal denticle; NHMD–1811736 – dermal denticle; NHMD–1811737 – dermal denticle;</p><p>NHMD–1811738 – cephalic spine; NHMD–</p><p>1811739 – cephalic spine; NHMD–1811740 –</p><p>cephalic spine; NHMD–1811741 – cephalic spine;</p><p>NHMD–1811742 – cephalic spine; NHMD–</p><p>1811743 – cephalic spine; NHMD–1811744 –</p><p>cephalic spine; NHMD–1811745 – cephalic spine;</p><p>NHMD–1811746 – cephalic spine; NHMD–</p><p>1811747 – cephalic spine; NHMD–1811748 –</p><p>cephalic spine; NHMD–1811749 – cephalic spine;</p><p>NHMD–1811750 – cephalic spine; NHMD–</p><p>1811751 – cephalic spine.</p><p>Locality. From site 62/91/G, western side of Tait</p><p>Bjerg, Jameson Land, East Greenland (71°28´34´´</p><p>North 22°40´43´´ West).</p><p>Horizon and age. Thin bone bed in Carlsberg</p><p>Fjord Member of the Ørsted Dal Formation in the</p><p>Fleming Fjord Group. Late Triassic (Norian).</p><p>Description. Seven dorsal spines, about 15</p><p>cephalic spines and seven dermal denticles of</p><p>Hybodontiformes have been identified, although more precise identification was impossible.</p><p>Dorsal spines (Figure 2O): The largest dorsal spine is 1.7 cm long and 6 mm wide. They have very pronounced horizontal ridges on the lateral sides and cusplets along the posterior margin. They tend to curve posteriorly in their distal parts.</p><p>Cephalic spines (Figure 2 P-Q): The cephalic spines have two parts: a base and a crown. The crown is not preserved on any specimen presented here. Most specimens are the T-shaped, tri-radiate base comprising three equally wide branches. The branches are rounded at the end and slightly bent. The surface is usually porous. When the specimen is complete, the crown is the enamelled fourth and most extended branch (compare with Leuzinger et al., 2017: figure 4A- D, p. 476).</p><p>Dermal denticles (Figure 2 R-S): The dermal denticles have a circular base and a crown. The crown is a cone-like structure with vertical ridges originating at the apex, extending basally to the cusp neck (compare with Klug et al., 2010: figure 5, p.252). The ridges can be more or less pronounced.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39B4EFFF7FFE9FF0F072CFBEFF930	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jésus, Valerian J. P.;Mateus, Octávio;Milàn, Jesper;Clemmensen, Lars B.	Jésus, Valerian J. P., Mateus, Octávio, Milàn, Jesper, Clemmensen, Lars B. (2025): Late Triassic small and medium-sized vertebrates from the Fleming Fjord Group of the Jameson Land Basin, central East Greenland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 18) 28 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.26879/1423, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1423
03E39B4EFFFDFFE0FC5E021DFAFDFEF2.text	03E39B4EFFFDFFE0FC5E021DFAFDFEF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerrothorax pulcherrimus (Fraas 1913)	<div><p>Gerrothorax pulcherrimus (Fraas, 1913)</p><p>(Figure 5A)</p><p>Specimens referred. NHMD–1811685 – ornamented skull fragment; NHMD–1811821 – ornamented skull fragment.</p><p>Locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">From</a> site 62/91/G, western side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">Tait Bjerg</a>, Jameson Land, East Greenland (71°28´34´´ North 22°40´43´´ West) .</p><p>Horizon and age. Thin bone bed in Carlsberg Fjord Member of the Ørsted Dal Formation in the Fleming Fjord Group. Late Triassic (Norian).</p><p>Description. Bone fragment with tubercular ornamentation. The tubercules are conical structures with smooth surfaces.</p><p>Remarks. The bone lacks any anatomical feature other than the tubercular ornamentation necessary to identify it. This type of ornamentation is typical of the dermal bone of the skull of Plagiosaurinae since similar ornamentation has been noted in Gerrothorax pulcherrimus, notably the skull, the mandible, and the pectoral girdle, with the other members of Plagiosaurinae Abel, 1919 (Jenkins et al., 2008). However, it displays more prominent tubercles (pustular), as can be seen in several specimens used to reconstruct the skull of G. pulcherrimus (e.g., MGUH 28923 and MGUH 28925 in Jenkins et al., 2008). Of all temnospondyl remains of Greenland, only Gerrothorax displays such ornamentation (Jenkins et al., 1994). In addition, the context of age and location of the specimen is consistent with previous discoveries of the species in three other localities in the basin: MacKnight Bjerg, Sydkronen, and Lepidopteriselv (Jenkins et al., 1994; Marzola et al., 2018). Considering the pustular aspect of the ornamentation, without any continuous ridges, NHMD–1811685 could belong to a large specimen (Schoch and Witzmann, 2011).</p><p>Temnospondyli indet.</p><p>(Figure 5 B-G)</p><p>Specimens referred. NHMD–1811686 – tooth; NHMD–1811687 – dentary; NHMD–1811688 – tooth; NHMD–1811822 – tooth; NHMD–1811823 – tooth; NHMD–1811824 – tooth; NHMD–1811825 – tooth; NHMD–1811826 – tooth; NHMD–1811827 – tooth; NHMD–1811828 – tooth; NHMD–1811829 – tooth; NHMD–1811830 – tooth; NHMD–1811831 – tooth; NHMD–1811832 – tooth; NHMD–1811833 – tooth; NHMD–1811834 – tooth; NHMD–1811835 –</p><p>tooth; NHMD–1811836 – tooth; NHMD–1811837 –</p><p>tooth; NHMD–1811838 – tooth; NHMD–1811839 –</p><p>tooth; NHMD–1811840 – maxilla.</p><p>Locality. From site 62/91/G, western side of Tait</p><p>Bjerg, Jameson Land, East Greenland (71°28´34´´</p><p>North 22°40´43´´ West).</p><p>Horizon and age. Thin bone bed in Carlsberg</p><p>Fjord Member of the Ørsted Dal Formation in the</p><p>Fleming Fjord Group. Late Triassic (Norian).</p><p>Description. More than 20 temnospondyl remains are reported here. Most of these remains are teeth and two jaw fragments that are too poorly preserved for further identification.</p><p>Jaw fragments (Figure 5 B-C): There are two jaw fragments. The first, NHMD–1811687 is a dentary of 2 cm long, 2--4 mm wide and 0.5--1 cm high (Figure 5B). The anterior part is broken ventrally. In occlusal view, 14 teeth emplacements are visible with the crown base. All the teeth show folds (Figure 5C). Teeth are circular in cross-section, 2 mm wide. However, only the base is preserved, preventing them from further description. The second jaw fragment is too damaged to identify what bone it is accurately. The circular structures with a similar pattern representing the dentary might suggest it was a tooth-bearing bone of a temnospondyl; however, we cannot determine whether it is a maxillary or a dentary.</p><p>Teeth (Figure 5 D-G): The 20 isolated teeth are conical and display longitudinal grooves on the lower portion of the crown surface. These teeth are conical, massive, weakly lingually curved, and asymmetrical. The labial surface is more convex in lateral view and rounded in cross-section than the lingual surface. On both mesial and distal sides, the carina exhibits sharp edges. The folds run from the base to the middle of the crown surface but never to the upper part. They vary significantly; the largest tooth has a crown height of 1.7 cm long and a crown base of 75 mm long and 0.6 mm wide; the smallest has a crown height of 3 mm long and a crown base of 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide.</p><p>Remarks. The longitudinal grooves on the isolated teeth and the folds in the teeth of the jaw are typical of temnospondyls, known to possess laby-</p><p>rinthodont teeth. The infolding of their enamel and dentine results in longitudinal grooves on the lower part of the teeth (Kowalski et al., 2009; Rinehart and Lucas, 2013). Many temnospondyls have been found in the Late Triassic of Jameson Land, such as Aquiloniferus kochi, Selenocara groenlandica,</p><p>Stoschiosaurus nielseni, Tupilakosaurus heilmani,</p><p>Cyclotosaurus naraserluki, and Gerrothorax (Marzola et al., 2018), which has already been mentioned earlier. The material is only referred to as Temnospondyli indet. since it does not have any characters, allowing a deeper identification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39B4EFFFDFFE0FC5E021DFAFDFEF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jésus, Valerian J. P.;Mateus, Octávio;Milàn, Jesper;Clemmensen, Lars B.	Jésus, Valerian J. P., Mateus, Octávio, Milàn, Jesper, Clemmensen, Lars B. (2025): Late Triassic small and medium-sized vertebrates from the Fleming Fjord Group of the Jameson Land Basin, central East Greenland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 18) 28 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.26879/1423, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1423
03E39B4EFFFFFFE0FC6C050DFAF6FE67.text	03E39B4EFFFFFFE0FC6C050DFAF6FE67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Reptilia Laurenti 1768	<div><p>Class REPTILIA Laurenti, 1768</p><p>Clade ARCHOSAURIFORMES Gauthier, 1986 Clade PHYTOSAURIA Jäger, 1828</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39B4EFFFFFFE0FC6C050DFAF6FE67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jésus, Valerian J. P.;Mateus, Octávio;Milàn, Jesper;Clemmensen, Lars B.	Jésus, Valerian J. P., Mateus, Octávio, Milàn, Jesper, Clemmensen, Lars B. (2025): Late Triassic small and medium-sized vertebrates from the Fleming Fjord Group of the Jameson Land Basin, central East Greenland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 18) 28 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.26879/1423, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1423
03E39B4EFFFFFFFEFC5E058DFCB5FE32.text	03E39B4EFFFFFFFEFC5E058DFCB5FE32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mystriosuchus Fraas 1896	<div><p>Genus MYSTRIOSUCHUS Fraas, 1896 cf. Mystriosuchus alleroq López-Rojas et al. 2022</p><p>(Figure 6 A-C)</p><p>Specimens referred. NHMD–1811690 – tooth; NHMD–1811691 – tooth; NHMD–1811841 – tooth; NHMD–1811842 – tooth; NHMD–1811843 – tooth; NHMD–1811844 – tooth; NHMD–1811845 – tooth; NHMD–1811846 – tooth; NHMD–1811847 – tooth; NHMD–1811848 – tooth; NHMD–1811850 – tooth; NHMD–1811851 – tooth; NHMD–1811852 – tooth; NHMD–1811853 – tooth; NHMD–1811854 – tooth; NHMD–1811855 – tooth; NHMD–1811856 – tooth; NHMD–1811857 – tooth; NHMD–1811858 – tooth.</p><p>Locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">From</a> site 62/91/G, western side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">Tait Bjerg</a>, Jameson Land, East Greenland (71°28´34´´ North 22°40´43´´ West) .</p><p>Horizon and age. Thin bone bed in Carlsberg Fjord Member of the Ørsted Dal Formation in the Fleming Fjord Group. Late Triassic (Norian).</p><p>Description. At least 19 isolated teeth have been identified as phytosaur teeth, including NHMD– 1811690 and NHMD–1811691. They are conical, slightly compressed labio-lingually on the carina, forming sharp edges on the mesial and distal margins. No strong curvature distally is visible for most teeth observed from this site because only the apical parts are present, except for NHMD–1811690 (Figure 6A). The cross-section varies from Dshaped to oval-flattened, with strong edges slightly closer to the lingual side (Figure 6B). Most preserved specimens consist only of the upper parts of teeth, shaped as an isosceles triangle in lingual or labial views with a long base. Due to bad preservation, apex is not always present, or only fragments of the crown are conserved. The size varies significantly between specimens; the largest tooth, NHMD–1811690, is 6 mm high and has a crown base of 8 mm long and 5 mm wide. NHMD– 1811691 is a bit smaller, 5 mm high with a crown base of 4.5 mm long and 2 mm wide. Few specimens preserved their serrated carinae. NHMD– 1811691 possesses serration on a 1.5 mm mesial margin towards the crown apex. Even though the denticles are complicated to distinguish as there is no clear separation, the preserved denticles are domed-shaped and wider than high (Figure 6C).</p><p>Remarks. The teeth of phytosaurs have already been mentioned in Tait Bjerg (Jenkins et al., 1994) but were barely described back then. Then, another specimen has been described but without teeth associated to the material (Mateus et al., 2014). Today, specimens observed here can be compared to Mystriosuchus alleroq, a phytosaur recently described in the Jameson Land Basin (López-Rojas et al., 2022), whose heterodont teeth have been studied. However, the specimens in this study are poorly preserved, preventing us from pushing further the description (e.g., serration density). Thus, NHMD–1811690 could be assigned to the posterior maxilla region due to its rather flattened and stocky appearance and oval cross-sections. It is more difficult to determine the anatomical tooth position of NHMD–1811691 since an important part from the middle crown to the base is missing. However, from its slightly Dshaped cross-section and straight lingual and labial faces, it could be assigned to the posterior premaxilla set. Still, based on their morphology and the recently described M. alleroq, these teeth are tentatively assigned to this species considering the anatomy and geographical and geological context. Because of the absence of diagnostic tooth characters, we can only assign them to cf. M. alleroq .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39B4EFFFFFFFEFC5E058DFCB5FE32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jésus, Valerian J. P.;Mateus, Octávio;Milàn, Jesper;Clemmensen, Lars B.	Jésus, Valerian J. P., Mateus, Octávio, Milàn, Jesper, Clemmensen, Lars B. (2025): Late Triassic small and medium-sized vertebrates from the Fleming Fjord Group of the Jameson Land Basin, central East Greenland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 18) 28 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.26879/1423, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1423
03E39B4EFFE1FFFCFEDB066DFEFEFD72.text	03E39B4EFFE1FFFCFEDB066DFEFEFD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Doswelliidae Weems 1980	<div><p>Clade DOSWELLIIDAE Weems, 1980 Doswelliidae indet.</p><p>(Figure 6 D-E)</p><p>Specimens referred. NHMD–1811719 – osteoderm.</p><p>Locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">From</a> site 62/91/G, western side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">Tait Bjerg</a>, Jameson Land, East Greenland (71°28´34´´ North 22°40´43´´ West) .</p><p>Horizon and age. Thin bone bed in Carlsberg Fjord Member of the Ørsted Dal Formation in the Fleming Fjord Group. Late Triassic (Norian).</p><p>Description. Missing its edges, the osteoderm is sub-rectangular. Its dorsal surface is ornamented by a prominent keel running all along the plate and more than 20 central regular pits of subequal size and contour on two-thirds of the total length of the osteoderm (Figure 6D). The remaining third, the anterior articular lamina, is a smooth surface devoid of pits with a less prominent keel, thinner than the rest of the plate. The internal surface is convex and crossed by longitudinal striations bifurcating to the centre, corresponding to the position of the keel (Figure 6E).</p><p>Remarks. Since phytosaurs are known with the recently described M. alleroq, it might seem logical to attribute this osteoderm to that species. López-Rojas et al. (2022) described four morphotypes of osteoderms in their supplementary data. We immediately refute the fourth morphotype hypothesis due to the obvious different ornamentation between them and NHMD–1811719, as it consists of small, interconnected ridges in the fourth morphotype. The second morphotype is characterised by a dorsal keel near the medial edge, while it is present in the middle of the dorsal surface in NHMD–1811719. Both the first and third morphotypes display a central mid-dorsal keel, however, the first morphotype keel is more sub-circular and not as prominent and marked as in NHMD– 1811719. Regarding the third morphotype, it displays strong lateral projections giving a triangular shape to the osteoderm, which are not present in NHMD–1811719. Moreover, pits in osteoderms of M. alleroq are irregular in size contrary to the regular ones in NHMD–1811719.</p><p>Another group of vertebrates wearing osteoderm in the Triassic of Greenland is Aetosauria, represented by Aetosaurus ferratus Fraas, 1877 and Paratypothorax andressorum Long and Ballew, 1985 (Jenkins et al., 1994), both specimens preserved with some osteoderms. Osteoderms of A. ferratus are ornamented with “radiating, oblong, closely, appressed grooves on smooth-surfaced plates”, while in P. andressi they display “an eccentrically placed eminence and radiating groves” (see Jenkins et al., 1994). The difference in ornamentation between Aetosauria and NHMD–1811719 immediately refutes the attribution of the latter to the said group.</p><p>Another possibility could be Aetosauriformes such as Revueltosaurus callenderi Hunt and Lucas, 1989 with dorsal paramedian osteoderms (PEFO 34561 and PEFO 42442) described by Parker et al, (2021) as “ornamented with a random pattern or incised circular and oblong pits and having a distinct raised anterior bar along the anterodorsal edge”. NHMD–1811719 differs by the regularity of its pits and the presence of a more prominent dorsal keel. In R. callenderi, there are also caudal osteoderms (PEFO 34561) which are remarkable for a sharp, raised keel, much more than in NHMD–1811719, but a weak pits ornamentation (Parker et al., 2021), contrary to NHMD– 1811719 which has at least two rows of pits on both side of its keel.</p><p>The specimen is comparable to the osteoderm of Doswelliidae, a group of non-Archosauria archosauriform known from the Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic in North America, Germany, Poland, and South America (Sues et al., 2013; Czepiński et al., 2023). The clade has two unambiguous synapomorphies among non-Archosauria archosauriform on the osteoderm established by Desojo et al. (2011): (1) ornamentation coarse, incised, and composed of central regular pits of equal size and (2) the presence of an unornamented anterior articular lamina. The description seen before does match these two synapomorphies. The clade is represented in the Norian by one species, Doswellia kaltenbachi Weems, 1980 from the Chinle Formation (USA) (Parker and Barton, 2008; Parker et al., 2021). It is the closest to our specimen, both in space and time. The only species known in Europe is Jaxtasuchus salomoni Schoch and Sues, 2014, from the Ladinian of Erfurt Formation, Germany (Schoch and Sues, 2014) and in the Lower Keuper of Poland (Czepiński et al., 2023). The difference that can be noted between Jaxtasuchus and our material is that the dorsal keel of NHMD–1811719 seems to develop anteriorly, covering the lamina, while in Jaxtasuchus, the anterior articular lamina is flat and smooth. Despite this, and due to the small amount of material available, only one osteoderm, we keep the identification as Doswelliidae indet. since more material is required to go further in the identification.</p><p>Superorder LEPIDOSAURIA Haeckel, 1866</p><p>Order RHYNCHOCEPHALIA Günther, 1866</p><p>Suborder SPHENODONTIA Williston, 1925</p><p>Family CLEVOSAURIDAE Bonaparte and Sues, 2006 Clevosauridae indet.</p><p>(Figure 6 F-K)</p><p>Specimens referred. NHMD–1811692 – left maxilla; NHMD–1811693 – right maxilla.</p><p>Locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">From</a> site 62/91/G and 64/91/G, western side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.67861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.47611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.67861/lat 71.47611)">Tait Bjerg</a>, Jameson Land, East Greenland (71°28´34´´ North 22°40´43´´ West) .</p><p>Horizon and age. Thin bone bed in Carlsberg Fjord Member of the Ørsted Dal Formation in the Fleming Fjord Group. Late Triassic (Norian).</p><p>Description. The first specimen, NHMD–1811692, is a section from the left maxilla, measuring 3.95 mm long, 0.85 mm wide, and 1.3 mm high without the teeth (Figure 6 F-H). Its anterior and posterior margins are both missing. During previous preparation, the specimen was fixed on a nail by a glue bubble, preventing any description of the dorsal margin. To avoid damaging it, it is kept as is. In the lateral view, the maxilla is partially covered by sediments, (Figure 6F). The medial surface is smooth and displays a thick layer that forms a ledge at the bases of the teeth (Figure 6 G-H). The ledge is 0.48 mm long labio-lingually. It bears five acrodont teeth, circular in cross-section and with rounded tips, attached to a smooth and thin secondary bone. Their base is elongated anteroposteriorly due to posteromedial flanges, visible in lateral and occlusal views (Figure 6 G-H). Except for the rounded apex resulting from use, the lack of important wear patterns on the specimen indicate it must be a juvenile or a sub-adult individual. The average dimensions of the teeth are 0.47 mm long mesio-distally and 0.37 mm wide labiolingually at the crown base and 0.52 mm high for the crown height.</p><p>NHMD–1811693 is a tooth-bearing bone, a right maxilla. It measures 2.25 mm long, 1 mm wide and 1.5 mm high (Figure 6 I-K). The shape of the anterior extremity suggests that it is the most anterior part of the bone, showing the first four maxillary teeth (Figure 6I, K). Its dorsal margin is broken, as is the posterior part. The lingual and labial edges deviate from each other as they approach the dorsal margin (which is absent). In the dorsal view, the internal structure of the bone is visible, characterised by spongiosis. The dorsal part is concave. Four acrodont conical additional teeth are present on the bone. They are circular in cross-section, slightly extended anteroposteriorly, with sharp triangular posteromedial flanges (Figure 6 I-J). They are sharper and higher than the previous specimen but still rounded at the tip. Similarly, they have no sign of wear pattern, suggesting it is a sub-adult considering the additional teeth. The teeth measure, on average, 0.5 mm long and 0.25 mm wide at the base, and 0.5 mm high.</p><p>Remarks. The two specimens were previously identified and mentioned as Sphenodontia indet. by Jenkins et al. (1994). NHMD–1811692 was found in association with two premolariform teeth of Kuehneotherium sp. (Jenkins et al., 1994) of the Carlsberg Fjord Member, while NHMD–1811693 was with eight teeth of the same species in a dolomitic limestone at the top of Tait Bjerg, corresponding to the Tait Bjerg Member (Jenkins et al., 1994). Both specimens are considered as maxilla fragments, NHMD–1811692 being the middle part as the three most anterior teeth are hatchling teeth while the two last are additional ones, and NHMD– 1811693 would be the part that articulate with the jugal, indicated by the concave dorsal surface (see Chambi-Trowell et al., 2021). Both specimens show multiple features that are typical of sphenodontians. First, the presence of an acrodont dentition is a typical trait of the group (Hsiou et al., 2019; Chambi-Trowell et al., 2021). Then, the secondary bone at the base of the marginal dentition of NHMD–1811692 is characteristic of sphenodontians (Williston, 1925; Hsiou et al., 2019). However, the secondary layer of the first specimen is very thick compared to other specimens. Still, a similar condition seems to be present in a juvenile specimen (UFRGS-PV-0613-T) of Microsphenodon bonapartei Chambi-Trowell et al., 2021, from the Late Triassic of Brazil (Romo-de-Vivar-Martínez et al., 2021: figure 4b-c, p. 5). NHMD–1811693 does not have a secondary bone, making it difficult to identify it accurately. The alternation in size of the hatchling teeth is also characteristic of sphenodontians (Harrison, 1901; Fraser, 1988). The posteromedial flanges are present in many sphenodontians, particularly the species of Clevosaurus Swinton, 1939 (Sues et al., 1994; Säilä, 2005; Jones, 2006a; Romo-de-Vivar-Martínez and Bento Soares, 2015; Hsiou et al., 2015, 2019; O’Brien et al., 2018). The shape of the teeth and the sharp posteromedial flanges are according to the omnivorous or carnivorous diet of clevosaurs (Jones, 2006b; Rauhut et al., 2012; Martínez et al., 2013). NHMD–1811692 and NHMD–1811693 are similar to juvenile Clevosaurus maxillae from the Triassic of Britain and Brazil, displaying the same type of dentition (Fraser, 1988, figure 40; Romo-de-Vivar-Martínez and Bento Soares, 2015, figure 4f-g; Romo-de-Vivar-Martínez et al., 2021, figure 4b-c). Based on these similarities with clevosaurs, we tentatively assign these two specimens to Clevosauridae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39B4EFFE1FFFCFEDB066DFEFEFD72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jésus, Valerian J. P.;Mateus, Octávio;Milàn, Jesper;Clemmensen, Lars B.	Jésus, Valerian J. P., Mateus, Octávio, Milàn, Jesper, Clemmensen, Lars B. (2025): Late Triassic small and medium-sized vertebrates from the Fleming Fjord Group of the Jameson Land Basin, central East Greenland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 18) 28 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.26879/1423, URL: https://doi.org/10.26879/1423
