taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E087B7FFE5FFF0FC8BB6AAFCFFF7B6.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus 1758) (Figures 1 - 6) Type material: Holotype: Female: China, Hainan Island, Danzhou, 20 ° 01 ’ 11 ” N, 110 ° 20 ’ 54 ” E, 4 - IV- 2012, coll. A. T. Barrion et al. (not examined) Material examined: 5 males, 8 females (CATE 11840270), 2 males (ZSI / WGRC / I. R. - INV. 27362): India, Kerala, Thrissur district, Pullu Kole wetlands, 10 ° 27 ’ 27.04 ” N, 76 ° 09 ’ 08.24 ” E, 27 - xi- 2021, coll. Anju K. Baby, E. H. Vishnudas and A. V. Sudhikumar. Diagnosis: Tetragnatha squamata is one of the smallest species in the genus Tetragnatha (Yin et al., 2012). It resembles T. vermiformis Emerton, 1884 (Zhu et al., 2003). Males of both species have elongated bodies, and chelicerae with pointed ʻaʼ and small IC, but differ from T. vermiformis in having small U 2 (which is large, pointed and represented as ʻTʼ in T. vermiformis), absence of AX 1 and fang with small OC, palp with enlarged tegulum and moderate-sized conductor. Females of both species have similar stout chelicerae with all teeth pointed, Gu not much closer to the fang base and fang without cusps. But T. squamata differs in having abdomen ovoid, chelicerae with similar sized Gu and U 2, Gl and L 2 closely placed, long and broad genital fold, and internal genitalia with a pair of spermathecae with triangular-shaped central membranous sacs (whereas two pairs of spermathecae in T. vermiformis and lack a central membranous sac). Description: Male (Figures 2 A – C, 3 A – F, 4 A – D). Body length 4.87. Carapace length 1.73, width (at the middle) 1.16. Abdomen length 3.14, width 1.15. Ocular area length 0.22, width (at the middle) 0.25. Eye diameters: AME 0.12, ALE 0.08, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09. Clypeus height 0.16. Length of chelicera 1.38, width 0.45. Palp and leg measurements: palp 5.13 [2.42, 0.13, 0.29, 2.32], leg I 13.23 [3.62, 0.62, 4.50, 3.82, 0.67], II 9.73 [2.79, 0.56, 3.26, 2.70, 0.42], III 5.08 [0.93, 0.41, 1.45, 1.70, 0.59], IV 9.33 [2.62, 0.50, 2.76, 2.83, 0.62]. Leg formula: 1243. Leg spination: femur I 1000, II – III 1010, IV 0010; patella I Anju et al., 0100, II spineless, III – IV 0100; tibia I – II 2022, III 1100, IV 2020; metatarsus I – II 1110, III – IV spineless; tarsus I – IV spineless. The colouration of the live specimen: carapace pale green; abdomen yellowish green with red markings on the anterior and posterior on the dorsum along with silvery spots (Figure 1 A). Colouration in alcohol: carapace brownish yellow, anteriorly narrowed, medially broad with distinct fovea and dark coloured cephalic furrow (Figure 2 A). Two rows of eyes strongly recurved; ALEs small; clypeus yellow. Chelicerae long, slender, brownish yellow with 6 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth; ʻaʼ extremely elongated, tapering, directed upward; Gu stout, not much closer to the fang base; U 2 small, pointed, set apart by a large gap between from Gu and U 3, U 3 larger than U 2 followed by three teeth (Figures 4 A, C); AX 1 absent; Gl large, bulky, considerably curved at the distal end; L 2 closer to Gl and bends at the middle towards the upper side; L 3 straight, directed upward, slightly separated from L 2 followed by two teeth (Figures 4 B, D). Fang strongly geniculate with small OC and IC, constricted at the middle, distal end inserted between two rows of teeth. Labium yellowish brown, maxillae yellow and elongated; sternum yellow and heart-shaped. The abdomen is cylindrical, elongated, yellow, covered with brownish yellow markings in the middle along with golden yellow spots, laterally with silvery spots; venter with dark grey on the middle and silvery spots on each sides (Figures 2 B, C). Legs light yellow. Palpal segments brownish yellow; cymbium long, creamy white with numerous spines; conductor thin, transparent and completely enfolding the embolus. Embolus long, brownish yellow, originated from the middle of the bulb and distally curved towards the mesal side. Paracymbium is thick, nearly transparent, rounded at the tip and a knob at the ectal side (Figures 3 A – F). Female (Figures 2 D – F, 3 G – I, 4 A – D). Body length: 5.27. Carapace length 1.58, width (at the middle) 1.11. Abdomen length 3.69, width (at the middle) 1.59. Ocular area length 0.23, width 0.25. Eye diameters: AME 0.10, ALE 0.04, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08. Clypeus height 0.12. Length of chelicera 0.78, width (at the middle) 0.36. Leg I 13.37 [3.67, 0.55, 4.09, 3.92, 1.14], II 10.29 [2.87, 0.57, 3.04, 2.90, 0.91], III 5.82 [1.78, 0.42, 1.44, 1.62, 0.50], IV 9.49 [2.92, 0.45, 2.62, 2.75, 0.75]. Leg formula: 1243. Leg spination: femur I 1100, II spineless, III 0200, IV 0010; patella I spineless, II – IV 0100; tibia I 2021, II 2010, III 0100, IV 0001; metatarsus I – IV 1000; tarsus I – IV spineless. Colouration of live specimens: Carapace green; abdomen green with red markings on the anterior and posterior on the dorsum along with silvery spots (Figure 1 B). Colouration in alcohol: carapace golden yellow, anteriorly narrowed, medially broad, fovea and cephalic furrow not much distinct (Figure 2 A). Two rows of eyes strongly recurved; ALEs were small. Clypeus pale yellow. Chelicerae stout, pale straw colour with brownish yellow teeth, six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth; AXu absent, Gu large, straight, pointed with large base; U 2 projected upward followed by four teeth equally spaced and arranged in descending series (Figures 5 A, C); AX 1 absent, Gl large, stout, tapering, distal half bends towards the upper side and slightly separated from fang base; L 2 long, slender, positioned closer to Gl; L 3 larger than L 2 followed by two teeth opposite to U 3 and U 4; fang brownish yellow and nearly transparent (Figures 5 B, D). Labium elongated; sternum pale yellow and heart-shaped (Figure 2 E). Abdomen ovoid, brownish yellow markings with golden yellow spots on the dorsal, laterally with silvery spots; venter with black markings on the middle along with silvery spots (Figures 2 E, F). Leg I and II are yellowish brown, and III and IV are transparent with brownish-yellow markings. Genital fold long, broad, slightly bulged, sclerotized with a round tip. Internal genitalia with a pair of spermathecae, anteriorly broad with a short base with triangular shaped central membranous sac (Figures 3 G – I). Variation: Males (n = 7): total length, 4 – 5; females (n = 8): total length, 5 – 6. Males have chelicerae with 6 – 8 promarginal teeth. These teeth can be represented as U 6, U 7 and U 8. Natural History: They are nocturnal and construct orb webs between trees, rice plants and other vegetation.	en	Anju, Kuriakkattil Baby, Bhagirathan, Usha, Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu (2024): First record of long-jawed spider Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, 1879 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 124 (2): 131-137, DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v124/i2/2024/168214
