identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03ED5E372C2AFF94A8FEAEDE9032FD44.text	03ED5E372C2AFF94A8FEAEDE9032FD44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anenterotrema hastati Cacique, Cruces & Chero	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anenterotrema cf. hastati Cacique, Cruces &amp; Chero</p>
            <p>Site of infection: Small intestine</p>
            <p> Host species:  Bauerus dubiaquercus</p>
            <p>
                 Locality:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -95.133804/lat 18.53161)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-95.133804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.53161">Ejido Adolfo Ruiz Cortines</a>
                 (18°31’53.8” N, 95°08’01.7” W, 1061 MASL), Tuxtlas, Veracruz Prevalence and intensity: 50% (1/2) and 151 
            </p>
            <p>Specimen deposited: CNHE 12134</p>
            <p>Comments: Based on five trematodes. Body pyriform, minute, 225 (165–330) long and 123 (105–151) wide (Figure 2A). Tegument unarmed. Oral sucker spherical, subterminal, 50 (50–51) long by 52 (50–56) wide. Ventral sucker in middle third of body, 55 (50–60) long by 69 (62–74) wide. Pharynx, oesophagus, and intestinal caeca not observed. Gonads in anterior half of hindbody. Testes postero-lateral to ventral sucker; right testis 42 long by 70 wide, left testis 55 long by 62 wide. Ovary median, post-testicular, 32 long by 53 wide. Vitellaria in hindbody, concentrated in lateral region, occupying almost entire left testis. Eggs 27 (25–30) long by 13 (11–15) wide.</p>
            <p> The closest species in morphology is  A. hastati described from  Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas) in Peru. However, we were unable to observe the characteristic unicellular glands located anterolateral to cirrus sac due to the poor condition of preservation of our specimens. The remaining species,  Anenterotrema liliputianum (Travassos) ,  Anenterotrema auritum (Stunkard) ,  Anenterotrema eduardocaballeroi (Freitas) ,  Anenterotrema freitasi (Caballero) ,  Anenterotrema mesolecitha (Marshall &amp; Miller) ,  Anenterotrema iannaconei (Achatz, Cardenaz-Callirgos &amp; Tkach),  Anenterotrema megacetabulum (Fernandes, Santos, Melo, Achatz, Greiman, Bonilla &amp; Tkach) ,  Anenterotrema paramegacetabulum (Cacique, Cruces &amp; Chero) ,  Anenterotrema kawsayense (Cacique, Cruces &amp; Chero) ,  Anenterotrema stunkardi (Caballero &amp; Grocott) , and  Anenterotrema peruense (Cacique, Cruces &amp; Chero) , differ in shape and size of oral sucker, body length, and position of gonads (Cacique et al. 2023). This is the first record of  A. cf. hastati in Mexico. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5E372C2AFF94A8FEAEDE9032FD44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I.;Digiani, María Celina;Macswiney, M. Cristina;Ortega, Jorge;Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M.;García-Prieto, Luis;Canché-Pool, Elsy B.;Robles, María Del Rosario;Ávila-López, Mariana B.;Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin;Panti-May, Jesús Alonso	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I., Digiani, María Celina, Macswiney, M. Cristina, Ortega, Jorge, Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M., García-Prieto, Luis, Canché-Pool, Elsy B., Robles, María Del Rosario, Ávila-López, Mariana B., Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin, Panti-May, Jesús Alonso (2025): Intestinal helminths of bats in the States of Nayarit and Veracruz, Mexico, with redescription of Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood. Zootaxa 5566 (2): 329-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5
03ED5E372C2DFF94A8FEAB9B9163F9D8.text	03ED5E372C2DFF94A8FEAB9B9163F9D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urotrema scabridum Braun 1900	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Urotrema scabridum Braun</p>
            <p>Site of infection: Small intestine</p>
            <p> Host:  Rhogeessa parvula</p>
            <p>
                 Locality: Cleofas (21°19’19.3” N, 106°14’41.6” W, 98 MASL),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.24489/lat 21.32203)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.24489&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.32203">Islas Marías</a>
                 , Nayarit 
            </p>
            <p>Prevalence and intensity: 33.3% (1/3) and 1</p>
            <p>Specimen deposited: CNHE 12133</p>
            <p>Comments: Based on a single specimen. Body elongate (3360 long and 485 wide), covered with fine spines (Figure 2B). Oral sucker 145 long by 100 wide, ventral sucker 200 long by 140 wide. Pharynx 60 long by 50 wide. Ovary 250 long by 190 wide. Anterior testis 260 long by 270 wide, posterior testis 250 long by 225 wide. Eggs 15‒20 long by 10 wide.</p>
            <p> Morphologically, the specimen fits the original description of  U. scabridum (Braun 1900) and recent records (Martínez-Salazar et al. 2020).  Urotrema scabridum has been recorded in several bat species in Mexico, such as  Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire) ,  Pteronotus mesoamericanus Smith (syn.  Pteronotus parnellii Gray ),  B. plicata ,  Pteronotus fulvus (Thomas) (syn.  Pteronotus davyi Gray ),  Pteronotus psilotis (Dobson) (syn.  Pteronotus personatus Wagner ),  Myotis velifer (Allen) ,  Mormoops megalophylla (Peters) in Morelos (see the checklist of Jiménez et al. 2017 and references therein),  T. brasiliensis in Durango, Mexico State, Nuevo León, Zacatecas and Puebla, and  Natalus mexicanus Miller in Mexico City (Jiménez et al. 2017; Martínez-Salazar et al. 2020). This is the first record of  U. scabridum in Nayarit and for  G. mutica . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5E372C2DFF94A8FEAB9B9163F9D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I.;Digiani, María Celina;Macswiney, M. Cristina;Ortega, Jorge;Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M.;García-Prieto, Luis;Canché-Pool, Elsy B.;Robles, María Del Rosario;Ávila-López, Mariana B.;Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin;Panti-May, Jesús Alonso	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I., Digiani, María Celina, Macswiney, M. Cristina, Ortega, Jorge, Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M., García-Prieto, Luis, Canché-Pool, Elsy B., Robles, María Del Rosario, Ávila-López, Mariana B., Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin, Panti-May, Jesús Alonso (2025): Intestinal helminths of bats in the States of Nayarit and Veracruz, Mexico, with redescription of Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood. Zootaxa 5566 (2): 329-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5
03ED5E372C2CFF95A8FEA8A3911AFD2C.text	03ED5E372C2CFF95A8FEA8A3911AFD2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vampirolepis macroti Zdzitowiecki & Rutkowska	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vampirolepis macroti Zdzitowiecki &amp; Rutkowska</p>
            <p>Site of infection: Small intestine</p>
            <p> Host:  Bauerus dubiaquercus</p>
            <p>
                 Locality: Ejido Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (18°31’53.8” N, 95°08’01.7” W, 1061 MASL),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -95.133804/lat 18.53161)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-95.133804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.53161">Tuxtlas</a>
                 , Veracruz 
            </p>
            <p>Prevalence and intensity: 50% (1/2) and 4</p>
            <p>Specimen deposited: CNHE 12135</p>
            <p>GenBank accession number: PQ476180</p>
            <p> Comments: Based on two incomplete specimens. Scolex 260 in diameter. Suckers unarmed, 100‒108 in diameter. Rostellum broad, 73‒75 in diameter, armed with 28‒29 hooks in single row (Figure 2C). Hook length 26‒32. Although no mature proglottids were found, the number and length of hooks observed in the scolex of our specimens conformed to the original description of  V. macroti from  M. waterhousii in Cuba (vs. 29‒34 hooks of 28‒30 long) (Zdzitowiecki &amp; Rutkowska 1980). </p>
            <p> Vampirolepis macroti has been reported from  M. waterhousii in Michoacán (Luviano-Hernández et al. 2018). This is the second record of  V. macroti in bats from Mexico. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5E372C2CFF95A8FEA8A3911AFD2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I.;Digiani, María Celina;Macswiney, M. Cristina;Ortega, Jorge;Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M.;García-Prieto, Luis;Canché-Pool, Elsy B.;Robles, María Del Rosario;Ávila-López, Mariana B.;Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin;Panti-May, Jesús Alonso	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I., Digiani, María Celina, Macswiney, M. Cristina, Ortega, Jorge, Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M., García-Prieto, Luis, Canché-Pool, Elsy B., Robles, María Del Rosario, Ávila-López, Mariana B., Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin, Panti-May, Jesús Alonso (2025): Intestinal helminths of bats in the States of Nayarit and Veracruz, Mexico, with redescription of Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood. Zootaxa 5566 (2): 329-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5
03ED5E372C2FFF97A8FEA8A3906EFDE8.text	03ED5E372C2FFF97A8FEA8A3906EFDE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vampirolepis sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vampirolepis sp. (1) </p>
            <p>Site of infection: Small intestine</p>
            <p> Host:  Rhogeessa parvula</p>
            <p>
                 Locality: Campamento Camarones (21°37’27.2” N, 106°37’50.4” W, 42 MASL),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.63067/lat 21.624222)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.63067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.624222">Islas Marías</a>
                 , Nayarit 
            </p>
            <p>Prevalence and intensity: 33.3% (1/3) and 7</p>
            <p>Specimen deposited: CNHE 12136</p>
            <p>GenBank accession number: PQ476178</p>
            <p>Comments: Based on three immature specimens and one scolex observed at SEM. Scolex oval to rounded, 140‒200 in diameter (Figures 2D, 3A). Suckers unarmed, cup-shaped, 58‒68 in diameter. Rostellum broad, 60‒70 in diameter, armed with 17‒20 hooks in single row (Figures 2D, 3B). Hook length 27‒30.</p>
            <p> The specimens described here were included in the genus  Vampirolepis based on the presence of armed rostellum, because they are parasites of bats (Makarikova 2018), and by the molecularly established phylogenetic position (see below). Based on the number of rostellar hooks, the most similar species are  Vampirolepis artibei (Zdzitowiecki &amp; Rutkowska) (vs. 20–23) and  Vampirolepis bidentatus (Zdzitowiecki &amp; Rutkowska) (vs. 18–22) (Zdzitowiecki &amp; Rutkowska 1980); however, the hooks of our specimens are longer than those of  V. artibei (vs. 19–20) and  V. bidentatus (16–17). The remaining 18 species recorded in the Americas,  Vampirolepis bihamata (Sawada &amp; Harada) ,  Vampirolepis chiropterophila (Pérez-Vigueras) ,  Vampirolepis christensoni (Macy) ,  Vampirolepis crassihamata (Sawada &amp; Harada) ,  Vampirolepis dalvae (dos Santos, Simões, D´Andrea, Verde, Maldonado Júnior, Cartagena, Ubiali &amp; Luque),  Vampirolepis decipiens (Diesing) ,  Vampirolepis elongatus (Rego) ,  Vampirolepis gertschi (Macy) ,  Vampirolepis guarany (Rego) ,  Vampirolepis longisccata (Sawada &amp; Harada) ,  V. macroti ,  Vampirolepis mazanensis (Vaucher) ,  Vampirolepis pandoensis (Sawada &amp; Harada) ,  Vampirolepis phyllostomi (Vaucher) ,  Vampirolepis promopsis (Vaucher) ,  Vampirolepis roudabushi (Macy &amp; Rausch) ,  Vampirolepis santacruzensis (Sawada &amp; Harada) , and  Vampirolepis temmincki (Vaucher) , have differences in the number and the length of rostellar hooks compared with the studied specimens. This study adds the first record of the genus  Vampirolepis for  R. parvula in Mexico. </p>
            <p> Vampirolepis sp. (2) </p>
            <p>Site of infection: Small intestine</p>
            <p> Host:  Rhogeessa parvula</p>
            <p>
                 Locality: Cleofas (21°19’19.3” N, 106°14’41.6” W, 98 MASL),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.24489/lat 21.32203)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.24489&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.32203">Islas Marías</a>
                 , Nayarit 
            </p>
            <p>Prevalence and intensity: 33.3% (1/3) and 3</p>
            <p>Specimen deposited: CNHE 12137</p>
            <p>GenBank accession number: PQ476179</p>
            <p> Comments: Based on one immature specimen and one scolex observed at SEM. Scolex 168 in diameter. Suckers unarmed, 66 in diameter (Figures 2E, 3C). Rostellum broad, 65‒70 in diameter, armed with 17‒18 hooks in single row (Figures 2E, 3D). Hook length 30‒32. These characteristics closely resemble  Vampirolepis sp. (1); however, the phylogenetic position and genetic distance (see phylogenetic section) of the 28S rRNA sequences confirm that they are different species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5E372C2FFF97A8FEA8A3906EFDE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I.;Digiani, María Celina;Macswiney, M. Cristina;Ortega, Jorge;Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M.;García-Prieto, Luis;Canché-Pool, Elsy B.;Robles, María Del Rosario;Ávila-López, Mariana B.;Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin;Panti-May, Jesús Alonso	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I., Digiani, María Celina, Macswiney, M. Cristina, Ortega, Jorge, Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M., García-Prieto, Luis, Canché-Pool, Elsy B., Robles, María Del Rosario, Ávila-López, Mariana B., Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin, Panti-May, Jesús Alonso (2025): Intestinal helminths of bats in the States of Nayarit and Veracruz, Mexico, with redescription of Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood. Zootaxa 5566 (2): 329-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5
03ED5E372C2EFF98A8FEAC5791A7FD0C.text	03ED5E372C2EFF98A8FEAC5791A7FD0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capillariidae Railliet 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Capillariidae gen. sp. </p>
            <p>Site of infection: Small intestine</p>
            <p> Host:  Bauerus dubiaquercus</p>
            <p>
                 Locality: Ejido Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (18°31’53.8” N, 95°08’01.7” W, 1061 MASL),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -95.133804/lat 18.53161)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-95.133804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.53161">Tuxtlas</a>
                 , Veracruz 
            </p>
            <p>Prevalence and intensity: 50% (1/2) and 18</p>
            <p>Specimens deposited: CNHE 12132</p>
            <p>Comments: Based on three males and four females. Male body length 5,982 ‒6,310 and body width 36‒38 at esophagus-intestine level. Muscular esophagus 188‒198 long and glandular esophagus 2,680 ‒2,860 long. Anterior cloaca 560‒770 long and posterior cloaca with terminal portion attenuated, 650‒736 long. Cirrus (internal cuticular lining) forming a few longitudinal crests, terminal end with thin spines (eventually observed coming out through the cloacal opening). Spicule not observed. Caudal end composed of two dorsal lobes with three pedunculated papillae on each dorsal lobe (Figure 2F). Dorsal lobes joined with well-developed membranous bursa. Lateral alae developed. Female body length 7,782 ‒9,030 and body width 50‒55 at esophagus-intestinal junction. Muscular esophagus 139‒240 long and glandular esophagus 2,786 ‒3,295 long. Vulva close to posterior end of esophagus. Vulvar appendage present, arising basally as a protrusion of the anterior vulvar lip and continuing as a heartshaped cuticular fold (Figure 2G). Vagina short, with thick musculature. Posterior end of body slightly constricted laterally and ventrally at level of end of intestine. Eggs 45‒50 long by 23‒26 wide, symmetric, or not, depending on orientation, poles slightly convex.</p>
            <p> The most important distinguishing features among capillariid genera are related to the structure of the posterior end of the male, such as the presence or absence and characteristics of the caudal papillae, lobes, dorsal cuticular membrane, and caudal lateral alae (Moravec 1982). According to Moravec (1982), capillariids belonging to the genera  Pterothominx and  Aonchotheca exhibit well-developed caudal lateral alae and possess a membranous bursa. These genera can be distinguished by characteristics of the cirrus and spicule.  Pterothominx has a cirrus covered by minute spines and a well sclerotized spicule, whereas  Aonchotheca possess an unspiny cirrus, and its spicule may sometimes be indiscernible due to insufficient sclerotization. In the studied specimens, the spicule was not observed, but spines were noted on the terminal portion of the cirrus. Considering the morphology observed in studied specimens, we prefer to adopt a conservative position and not assign them to any of these genera until we have more morphological and molecular evidence. </p>
            <p> Three capillariid species have been reported from bats in Mexico: Aonchoteca martinezi (Caballero) from  N. mexicanus in Mexico City (Caballero &amp; Caballero 1942), Aonchoteca  speciosa (Beneden) from  N. mexicanus ,  Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Martínez &amp; Villa-Ramírez) ,  M. waterhousii ,  G. mutica ,  M. velifer ,  M. megalophylla ,  T. brasiliensis , and  Dermanura azteca (Andersen) in Morelos (Peralta 2012), and  Capillaria palmata (Chandler) from  T. brasiliensis in Morelos (Martínez 2009). Additionally, undescribed species of  Capillaria have been reported from  Micronycteris microtis Miller in Yucatan (Chitwood 1938) and  M. megalophylla ,  P. fulvus and  Pteronotus mexicanus Miller (syn.  P. parnellii ) in Jalisco (Salinas-Ramos et al. 2017), and  P. psilotis in Veracruz (Clarke 2008), as well as nematodes of the genus  Pterothominx from  P. mexicanus in Jalisco (Lamothe-Argumedo et al. 1997) and  P. fulvus ,  P. mesoamericanus , and  M. megalophylla in Morelos (Peralta 2012; Ramírez 2015). This is the first record of  Capillariidae gen. sp. in  B. dubiaquercus in Mexico. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5E372C2EFF98A8FEAC5791A7FD0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I.;Digiani, María Celina;Macswiney, M. Cristina;Ortega, Jorge;Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M.;García-Prieto, Luis;Canché-Pool, Elsy B.;Robles, María Del Rosario;Ávila-López, Mariana B.;Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin;Panti-May, Jesús Alonso	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I., Digiani, María Celina, Macswiney, M. Cristina, Ortega, Jorge, Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M., García-Prieto, Luis, Canché-Pool, Elsy B., Robles, María Del Rosario, Ávila-López, Mariana B., Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin, Panti-May, Jesús Alonso (2025): Intestinal helminths of bats in the States of Nayarit and Veracruz, Mexico, with redescription of Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood. Zootaxa 5566 (2): 329-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5
03ED5E372C21FF9BA8FEACB2938AFD78.text	03ED5E372C21FF9BA8FEACB2938AFD78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood</p>
            <p>Site of infection: Small intestine</p>
            <p> Host:  Glossophaga mutica</p>
            <p>
                 Locality: Campamento Bugambilias (21°39’41.2” N, 106°36’58.3” W, 164 MASL),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.616196/lat 21.661444)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.616196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.661444">Islas Marías</a>
                 , Nayarit 
            </p>
            <p>Prevalence and intensity: 33.3% (1/3) and 131</p>
            <p>Specimens deposited: CNHE 12131</p>
            <p>GenBank accession numbers: PQ476176, PQ476177</p>
            <p>Redescription: Based on 11 males, 11 females, and six third-stage larvae. Nematodes with cephalic vesicle (Figures 4A, 5A), usually wider than long (Figure 4A). Presence of four double cephalic papillae, two dorsolateral and two ventrolateral, as well as two amphids (Figure 5B). Esophageal tooth present (Figure 4A). Male and female lack longitudinal ridges (Figures 4B, C, 5A, C, F).</p>
            <p>Males: Body length 3746 (3480‒4250) and width at midbody 124 (100‒140). Cephalic vesicle 103 (85‒118) long and 117 (95‒135) wide. Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids situated at 199 (175‒220), 306 (235‒368), and 301 (232‒368) from anterior end, respectively. Esophagus 319 (280‒370) long. Caudal bursa subsymmetrical (Figures 4D, 5D). Rays 2, 3, and 4 arising independently, ray 4 slightly separated from ray 3. Rays 5 and 6 long, originating from common trunk (Figure 4D). Dorsal ray long, divided at its distal third into 2 branches (Figure 4D). In two specimens, bursal rays presented variations: right rays 4 and 5 fused (Figure 4E), left ray 2 and 3 fused and dorsal ray’s right branch long (Figure 4F). Spicules subequal, alate, 182 (160‒200) long with sharp tips enclosed in a spatulate membrane (Figure 4H). Ratio spicule length/body length: 4.8% (4‒5.3%). Gubernaculum absent. Genital cone with dorsal lip more developed than ventral lip (Figure 5D); papillae 7 situated on dorsal lip (Figure 5E).</p>
            <p>Females: Body length 6330 (5480–7670) and width at midbody 186 (170–200). Cephalic vesicle 111 (90–130) long and 145 (115–170) wide. Nerve ring, excretory pore, and deirids situated at 201 (140–245), 291 (228–365), and 290 (220–380) from anterior end, respectively. Esophagus 315 (240–360) long (Figure 4A). Viviparous. Didelphic. Vulva situated at 3093 (2500–3750) from caudal extremity (Figure 4I). Ratio distance vulva-posterior extremity/ body length 48.9% (39.3–55.6%). Anus 245 (180–300) from caudal extremity (Figure 4G). Tail elongated, subcylindrical with two small terminal digitiform processes (Figures 4G, 5F).</p>
            <p>Third-stage larvae: Body length 538 (510–608) and width 35 (35–37). Esophagus 176 (165–200) long. Anterior end showing rod-like structure, 11 (10–12) long. Nerve ring and excretory pore situated at 76 (70–80) and 91 (70– 110) from apex, respectively (Figure 4J). Genital primordium and anus located 185 (138–512205) and 48 (45–50) from posterior extremity, respectively (Figure 4J).</p>
            <p> Remarks: The bursal pattern and dorsal lobe of the male specimens from Nayarit agrees with the brief description of  B. vivipara provided by Chitwood (1938) and the redescription by Caballero-Deloya (1971). In Mexico,  B. vivipara has been reported from  A. jamaicensis in Yucatan (Chitwood 1938),  A. lituratus in Guerrero (Caballero-Deloya 1971), and  A. jamaicensis and  A. lituratus in Chiapas (Ubelaker et al. 1977). However, the present specimens were smaller than those reported by Chitwood, (1938) and Caballero-Deloya (1971) (male body length 3480‒4250 vs 5120 and vs 10384‒10554; female body length 5480–7670 vs 8020–8060 and vs 11932‒11967). Similarly, the spicule length of our specimens was smaller than those described by Chitwood and Caballero-Deloya (160–200 vs 256–270 and vs 235–252). Nevertheless, the ratio spicule length/body length was similar between the Nayarit and Yucatan specimens (4–5.3 vs 5). In contrast, this ratio was longer compared to Caballero-Deloya’s material (4–5.3 vs 2.2–2.4). The difference in size among these  B. vivipara isolates may be attributed to their occurrence in different host species (  A. jamaicensis ,  A. lituratus , and  G. mutica ), as well as the fact that each morphological description is based on nematodes isolated from a single individual host. Furthermore, Chitwood’s original description was based on one male and two females, whereas Caballero-Deloya redescribed the species without specifying the number of specimens measured, although he collected 49 specimens (Caballero-Deloya 1971). Based on these data, it is difficult to determine at which point along this morphological and morphometrical continuum a  B. vivipara isolate may be considered a different species. Further studies incorporating morphological and molecular data from several host species and geographical locations are necessary to investigate whether  B. vivipara is a species complex. </p>
            <p> The genus  Bidigiticauda contains two other species:  Bidigiticauda embryophilum (Freitas &amp; Dobbin) described from  Glossophaga soricina (Pallas) in Brazil, and  Bidigiticauda serrafreirei de Oliveira Simões, Fraga-Neto, Vilar Maldonado Júnior &amp; Vilela described from  Artibeus planirostris (Spix) , in Brazil.  Bidigiticauda embryophilum differs from  B. vivipara by having rays 5 and 6 arising independently, the branches of the dorsal ray not reaching the edge of the caudal bursa, and deirids situated posterior to the esophagus-intestinal junction (Vicente et al.,1997).  Bidigiticauda serrafreirei can be distinguished from  B. vivipara by the bifurcation of the dorsal ray in the middle of the trunk and the distance of the excretory pore from the anterior end that is longer (de Oliveira Simões et al., 2019). </p>
            <p> The new record of  B. vivipara from  G. mutica in Nayarit expands the host and geographical range of this nematode in the country. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5E372C21FF9BA8FEACB2938AFD78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I.;Digiani, María Celina;Macswiney, M. Cristina;Ortega, Jorge;Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M.;García-Prieto, Luis;Canché-Pool, Elsy B.;Robles, María Del Rosario;Ávila-López, Mariana B.;Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin;Panti-May, Jesús Alonso	Moguel-Chin, Wilson I., Digiani, María Celina, Macswiney, M. Cristina, Ortega, Jorge, Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M., García-Prieto, Luis, Canché-Pool, Elsy B., Robles, María Del Rosario, Ávila-López, Mariana B., Chan-Casanova, Anyela Jackelin, Panti-May, Jesús Alonso (2025): Intestinal helminths of bats in the States of Nayarit and Veracruz, Mexico, with redescription of Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood. Zootaxa 5566 (2): 329-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.5
