taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EA87C2FFBBFFB6F4FDFA3C2808FF4D.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Tonnoira pelliticornis Enderlein, 1937: 106; type locality: Peru, Callanga. Note: only the female sex is known for the type species. Etymology. Named after Dr. A. Tonnoir by Enderlein (1937), gender feminine. Important references: Enderlein (1937: 106; original description); Quate (1963: 189; diagnosis); Quate (1996: 33; revised description); Quate & Brown (2004: 25; revised description); Santos & Curler (2014: 464; updated diagnosis); Bravo et al. (2020: 4; species list; identification key); Jaume-Schinkel (2022: 2 – 3; updated distribution map and species list; 2023: 51 – 57; description of new species, updated identification key). Species included are summarized in Table 1. Diagnosis (adapted from Santos & Curler 2014). Eye bridge typically consists of 4 (rarely 5) rows of facets, with nearly or contiguous eyes, usually connected by an inverted Y-shaped interocular suture. The antennae are as long as or longer than the wings, and the flagellomeres are usually elongate, cylindrical, or fusiform, though weakly nodiform in some species; apical flagellomeres have an elongate and slender apiculus. Thorax without allurement organs, all coxae have a stripe of one to three rows of alveoli. The wing presents radial and medial forks in the basal half, with the radial fork positioned basad of the medial fork. Genitalia with gonostyli that are simple or bifurcate. The aedeagus and parameres are typically asymmetrical (symmetrical in a few species), and the epandrial appendages normally bear 1 – 3 tenacula.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB8FFB6F4FDFE922E8CF80D.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 2 – 3) Differential diagnosis Tonnoira acantha sp. nov. is morphologically similar to T. cavernicola. Still, they can be differentiated by the number of parameres, two in T. acantha (only 1 paramere in T. cavernicola). Likewise, T. acantha is similar to T. distincta but can be easily differentiated by the following characters: hypandrium band-like without median projection in T. acantha sp. nov. (hypandrium narrow and with median projection in T. distincta), gonostyli divergent (outcurved, as in Fig. 2 D, 3) with rounded apex in T. acantha sp. nov. (gonostyli convergent with pointed apex in T. distincta), aedeagus longer than parameres in T. acantha sp. nov. (aedeagus and parameres about the same length in T. distincta), epandrial appendage with one spiniform tenaculum placed at mid and one with broad-rounded apex placed at apex in T. acantha (epandrial appendage both mid and apical tenacula with broad-rounded apex in T. distincta). Etymology. The species name acantha is derived from the Greek word akantha (ἄκΑΝΘΑ, feminine), meaning spine, referring to the spiniform mid-tenaculum. To be treated as a noun in apposition. Examined material.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB8FFB6F4FDFE922E8CF80D.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Ecuador — Napo • 1 ♂; Tena, Grand Selva Lodge, rivers bed; - 1.0929, - 77.5570; 369 masl; 13 – 16 Aug 2022; Mengual, Ximo leg.; Malaise trap; slide mounted in Euparal; INABIO [ZFMK-DIP- 00102048]. Paratype. Ecuador — Napo • 1 ♂; same data as holotype except: ZFMK [ZFMK-DIP- 001080900].	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB8FFB6F4FDFE922E8CF80D.taxon	description	Description. Measurements given in millimeters (mm), (N = 1). Wing length: 2.45, width: 1.20. Head length and width not available. Antennal segments: scape: 0.13; pedicel: 0.08; flagellomere 1: 0.27, flagellomere 2: 0.22, flagellomere 3: 0.22, flagellomeres 4 – 8: 0.20, remaining flagellomeres absent. Palpal segment 1: 0.12; palpal segment 2: 0.21; palpal segment 3: 0.21; palpal segment 4: 0.20. Male. Head is positioned latero-frontal (Fig. 2 A), presumably spherical; eye bridge appears joined along its entire length, with four rows of facets; interocular suture not observed; the frontal patch of alveoli is undivided. Antennal scape cylindrical, longer than the pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellomeres fusiform, gradually becoming smaller, with scattered setae on the surface; ascoids absent. Palpal segments are cylindrical, the first palpal segment is about half the length of the second, and the last palpal segment is not corrugated, palpal proportions: 1.0: 1.7: 1.7: 1.6; labium without any strong sclerites; labella bulbous with scattered setae on the surface. Thorax (Fig. 2 B). Wing (Fig. 2 C) about 2.0 times longer than its width; wing membrane brown infuscated with light spots between vein apices, from R 1 to CuA, very faint around R 5. Light area also present along CuA, except for its apex; Sc vein short, ending before the origin of R 1; radial fork basad to medial fork; stem of R 2 + 3 short and not joining R 4; R 5 ending at the wing apex; apex of CuA ending at wing margin. Terminalia (Figs. 2 D, 3). Hypandrium band-like on ventral view, joining the base of the gonocoxites; gonocoxites cylindrical; gonostyli digitiform and divergent (outcurved) with rounded apex (as in Fig. 3), slightly longer than the gonocoxites; aedeagus digitiform on ventral view, slightly sinuous, tapering towards the apex, longer than parameres (Fig. 3); two digitiform parameres, one paramere curved (broken on the examined material), the other straight; ejaculatory apodeme shorter than the aedeagus, with basal margin rounded on ventral view; gonocoxal apodemes plate-like, joining at mid forming a V-shaped sclerotized section (keel); epandrium rectangular, more than three times wider than its length, distal margin concave (Fig. 3); hypoproct tongue-shaped and covered in setulae, epiproct not observed; epandrial appendages (Figs. 2 D, 3) cylindrical, prolonged and tapering distally, covered with setae, with one spiniform tenaculum inserted at mid, and one apical tenaculum, both tenacula separated by about 1.5 times the length of apical tenaculum. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Genetics. The holotype was successfully sequenced. GenBank accession number: PQ 884226.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB4FFBAF4FDFF4E2935F8B1.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 4 – 5) Differential diagnosis Tonnoira asymmetrica sp. nov. can be differentiated from all other species within Tonnoira by the asymmetrical gonostyli.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB4FFBAF4FDFF4E2935F8B1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name asymmetrica is derived from the Greek word συμμετρικός (symetrikós) with the Greek prefix ἀ- (without), and the termination - a to make feminine. The name refers to the asymmetrical gonostyli. To be treated as an adjective. Examined material.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB4FFBAF4FDFF4E2935F8B1.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Venezuela — Aragua • 1 ♂; Maracay, Henri Pittier National Park; 10.3733, - 67.6333; 1100 masl; 13 – 18 Jun 2001; L. W. Quate, H. R. Bhat leg.; Malaise Trap; slide mounted; LACM [LACM ENT 280515]. Paratypes Venezuela — Aragua • 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; LACM [LACM ENT 280617; LACM ENT 280618] • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding except CDC trap; LACM [LACM ENT 280616].	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB4FFBAF4FDFF4E2935F8B1.taxon	description	Description. Measurements given in millimeters (mm), (N = 2). Wing length: 2.00 (2.00 – 2.00), width: 0.93 (0.90 – 0.96). Head length: 0.42 (0.40 – 0.45), width: 0.42 (0.40 – 0.44). Antennal segments: scape: 0.12 (0.11 – 0.13); pedicel: 0.06 (0.05 – 0.06); flagellomeres 1: 0.17 (0.17 – 0.18), flagellomeres 2: 0.19 (0.19 – 0.20), flagellomere 3: 0.19 (0.19 – 0.19), flagellomeres 4 – 6: 0.17 (0.16 – 0.18), flagellomeres 7 – 9: 0.16 (0.16 - 0.17), flagellomere 10 – 12: 0.15 (0.14 - 0.16), flagellomere 13: 0.14 (0.14 - 0.14), flagellomere 14 absent. Palpal segment 1: 0.04 (0.03 – 0.04); palpal segment 2: 0.11 (0.11 – 0.12); palpal segment 3: 0.13 (0.13 – 0.13); palpal segment 4: 0.14 (0.14 – 0.14). Male. Head spherical, about the same length as its width (Fig. 4 A); eye bridge separated by less than 0.5 facet diameter, with four rows of facets; interocular suture as an inverted and wide “ u ”; the frontal patch of alveoli is undivided, but strongly concave on apical margin appearing almost divided at mid. Antennal scape cylindricalquadrate, longer than the pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellomeres fusiform, gradually becoming shorter, with scattered setae on the surface; ascoids absent. Palpal segments are cylindrical, the first palpal segment is about half the length of the second, and the last palpal segment is not corrugated, palpal proportions: 1.0: 2.4: 3.0: 3.2; labium without any strong sclerites; labella bulbous with scattered setae on the surface. Thorax (Fig. 4 B). Wing (Fig. 4 C) about 2.2 times longer than its width; wing membrane hyaline; Sc vein short, ending before the origin of R 1; radial fork basad to medial fork; stem of R 2 + 3 short and not joining R 4; base of R 3 with a concentrated cluster of black short, thick setae that resemble granules; R 5 ending at the wing apex; M fork incomplete; apex of CuA ending at wing margin. Terminalia (Figs. 4 D, 5). Hypandrium band-like on ventral view, joining the base of the gonocoxites; ejaculatory apodeme square-shaped, anterior margin straight, about the same length as the aedeagus; gonocoxites cylindrical, almost rectangular; gonostyli asymmetrical, one gonostylus is twisted to abruptly tapering towards the apex (Figs. 4 D, 5 A – C), longer than the gonocoxite, the other gonostylus is bifid, with two hooked branches, one branch being about half the length of the other, both curved with pointed apex (as in Figs. 4 D, 5 A – C), shorter than gonocoxite, the divided gonostyli is on the right side on the holotype and paratype LACM ENT 280617 (Fig. 5 C), and on the left side on paratypes LACM ENT 280618 and LACM ETN 280616 (Fig. 5 B); aedeagus digitiform and slightly sinuous on ventral view (Fig. 5 A); strongly curved paramere as an inverted “ J ”, tapering towards the apex; gonocoxal apodemes plate-like, joining at mid extending dorsally towards the aedeagus; epandrium rectangular, about two times wider than long, distal margin truncate (Fig. 5 A), basal margin irregular; hypoproct trilobed, covered in setulae, epiproct rectangular; epandrial appendages (Figs. 4 D, 5 A) cylindrical, prolonged and tapering distally, outcurved and covered with setae, with one apical tenaculum. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Genetics. No specimens were available for DNA extraction.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB4FFBBF4FDF8952911FF61.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. Panama — Guna Yala • 1 ♂; Warsobtugua, San Blas Nusagandi Reserve; 9.3333, - 79.0000; 4 – 11 Dec 1993; Pickering, J. leg.; slide mounted. LACM [LACM ENT 280719]. Distribution. Costa Rica (Jaume-Schinkel, 2022), Panama (this publication, new record). Genetics. No material was available for DNA extraction.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB3FFBDF4FDFF4E2B45FD87.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material Paratypes. Ecuador — Pichincha • 2 ♂♂; Santo Domingo; 8 – 14 May 1988; Hanson & Bohart Leg.; slide mounted LACM [LACM ENT 280649; LACM ENT 280648]. Other material examined. Ecuador — Pichincha • 1 ♂; Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Near San Pancracio, roadway to Pachijal, area behind platform; 0.1156, - 78.9580; 750 masl; 01 – 09 Feb 2022; Kilian, Isabel leg.; Malaise Trap; slide mounted in Euparal; ZFMK [ZFMK-DIP- 00097203]. Genetics. Specimen ZFMK-DIP- 00097203 was successfully sequenced, GenBank accession number: PQ 884231.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB3FFBEF4FDFD5D2EE0FF61.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 6 – 7) Differential diagnosis Tonnoira sinuosa sp. nov. can be differentiated from the remaining species in the genus by the combination of the following characters: epandrial appendage with a single tenaculum; gonostyli not bifurcated and strongly sinuous; two parameres, of which one is irregularly shaped. No other known species present so strongly sinuous gonostyli, and irregularly shaped paramere (the remaining species have digitiform paramere (s )). Etymology. The species name sinuosa derives from the Latin word sinus meaning curve, combined with the suffix " - osus " meaning full of (resulting in full of curves), and the termination - a makes it feminine to agree with the gender of the genus. The name refers to the strongly sinuous (s-shaped) gonostyli. To be treated as an adjective. Examined material.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB3FFBEF4FDFD5D2EE0FF61.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Ecuador — Pichincha • 1 ♂; Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Near San Pancracio, roadway to Pachijal, area behind platform; 0.1186, - 78.9580; 770 masl; 12 – 15 Jan 2022; Kilian, Isabel leg.; Malaise Trap; slide mounted in Euparal; INABIO [ZFMK-DIP- 00102046].	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFB3FFBEF4FDFD5D2EE0FF61.taxon	description	Description. Measurements given in millimeters (mm), (N = 1). Wing length: 1.70, width: 0.70. Head length and width not available. Antennal segments: scape: 0.10; pedicel: 0.05; flagellomere 1: 0.13, flagellomere 2: 0.14, remaining flagellomeres absent. Palpal segment 1: 0.03; palpal segment 2: 0.09; palpal segment 3: 0.12; palpal segment 4: 0.13. Male. Head is damaged (Fig. 6 A), presumably spherical; eye bridge appears joined along its entire length, with four rows of facets; interocular suture absent; frontal patch of alveoli not observed. Antennal scape cylindrical, longer than the pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellomeres fusiform and longer than scape, with scattered setae on the surface, the maximum number of flagellomeres present is 3; ascoids absent. Palpal segments cylindrical, first palpal segment less than half the length of the second, last palpal segment is not corrugated, palpal proportions: 1.0: 2.4: 3.3: 3.4; labium and labella not observed. Thorax (Fig. 6 B). Wing (Fig. 6 C) about 2.4 times longer than its width; wing membrane hyaline; Sc vein short, ending before the origin of R 1; radial fork slightly basal to medial fork; stem of R 2 + 3 short and not joining R 4; R 5 ending at the wing apex; apex of CuA ending at wing margin. Terminalia (Figs. 6 D, 7). Hypandrium band-like on ventral view and joining the base of the gonocoxites; gonocoxites bulbous, slightly longer than their width; gonostyli strongly sinuous, almost s-shaped (as in Fig. 7); aedeagus on ventral view digitiform, slightly curved with a truncated (broad) apex (Fig. 7); two parameres present, one paramere is placed ventrally to the aedeagus, irregularly shaped (as in Fig. 7), second paramere is placed dorsally to the irregular paramere and is the shape is digitiform, evenly narrowing towards the apex (Fig. 7); the ejaculatory apodeme is about the same length as the aedeagus, the basal margin is rounded; gonocoxal apodemes plate-like, joining at middle; epandrium rectangular (Fig. 7), anterior margin straight, posterior margin concave; hypoproct broad on anterior margin, abruptly narrowing to a digitiform projection on the posterior margin, covered in setulae; epiproct rectangular, shorter than half the length of the hypoproct; epandrial appendages (Figs. 6 D, 7) prolonged and tapering distally, covered with setae, with one apical tenaculum. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Genetics. Holotype was successfully sequenced, GenBank accession number: PQ 884227.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFAEFFA0F4FDFF4E2911FE3D.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. Surinam — Amotopo • 1 ♂; Kalebo, Nickerie district; no coordinates in collection data; Leg. unknown.; slide mounted in euparal. ZFMK [ZFMK-DIP- 00108957]. Distribution. Brazil, Surinam (Quate & Brown, 2004; Wagner, 1981). Genetics. No material was available for DNA extraction.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFAEFFA3F4FDFE022E3CFE65.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 8 – 9) Differential diagnosis Tonnoira stria sp. nov. can be differentiated from the remaining species in the genus by the combination of the following characters: epandrial appendage with a single tenaculum; gonostyli not bifurcated, truncated at mid-section and hollowed, resembling a vipers fang or an hypodermic needle, the margin of the truncated section has setae-orbrush-like structures; hypandrium with lateral lobes, covered in setulae. No other known species present a truncated and hollowed gonostyli. The lobed hypandrium is also present in T. magna. Still, both can be differentiated by the gonostyli shape and by the presence of a single tenaculum in the epandrial appendages in T. stria (two tenacula in T. magna), ejaculatory apodeme about the same length as the aedeagus in T. stria (longer than the aedeagus in T. magna).	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFAEFFA3F4FDFE022E3CFE65.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name stria derives from the Latin word stria meaning hollow, which refers to the hollowed gonostyli. To be treated as a noun in apposition. Examined material	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFAEFFA3F4FDFE022E3CFE65.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Ecuador — Pichincha • 1 ♂; Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Near San Pancracio, roadway to Pachijal, area behind platform; 0.1156, - 78.9580; 750 masl; 30 Dec – 05 Jan 2021; Kilian, Isabel leg.; Malaise Trap; slide mounted in Euparal; INABIO [ZFMK-DIP- 00081954]. Paratypes. Ecuador — Pichincha • 4 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; [ZFMK-DIP- 00081953, ZFMK-DIP- 00081955, ZFMK-DIP- 00081956, ZFMK-DIP- 00081957] • 2 ♂; same data as holotype except: 0.1186, - 78.9580; 770 masl; 12 – 15 Jan. 2022; INABIO [ZFMK-DIP- 00102032], ZFMK [ZFMK-DIP- 00102069].	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFAEFFA3F4FDFE022E3CFE65.taxon	description	Description. Measurements given in millimeters (mm), (N = 4). Wing length: 1.73 (1.60 – 1.80), width: 0.73 (0.70 – 0.76). Head length: 0.40 (0.40 – 0.40), width: 0.41 (0.40 – 0.42). Antennal segments: scape: 0.09 (0.09 – 0.01); pedicel: 0.07 (0.06 – 0.07); flagellomeres 1: 0.15 (0.14 – 0.15), flagellomeres 2: 0.17 (0.16 – 0.17), flagellomere 3 - 4: 0.16 (0.16 – 0.17). Palpal segment 1: 0.03 (0.03 – 0.03); palpal segment 2: 0.12 (0.11 – 0.13); palpal segment 3: 0.14 (0.12 – 0.15); palpal segment 4: 0.15 (0.13 – 0.15). Male. Head (Fig. 8 A). Spherical; eye bridge joined along its entire length, with four rows of facets; interocular suture absent; the frontal patch of alveoli undivided, with anterior and posterior margins concave. Antennal scape cylindrical, longer than the pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellomeres fusiform and longer than scape, with scattered setae on the surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, maximum number of flagellomeres present 4; ascoids absent. Palpal segments cylindrical, first palpal segment about one-third the length of the second, last palpal segment corrugated, palpal proportions: 1.0: 3.3: 3.8: 4.0; labium without any strong sclerites; labella bulbous with scattered setae on the surface. Thorax (Fig. 8 B). Wing (Fig. 8 C) about 2.30 times longer than its width; wing membrane hyaline; Sc vein short, ending before the origin of R 1; radial fork slightly basal to medial fork; stem of R 2 + 3 short and not joining R 4; R 5 ending at the wing apex; base of CuA slightly enlarged, apex of CuA ending at wing margin. Terminalia (Figs. 8 D – E, 9). Hypandrium band-like on ventral view, with lateral lobes (as in Figs. 8 D – E, 9), covered with setulae and joining the base of the gonocoxites; gonocoxites bulbous, slightly longer than their width; gonostyli curved (as in Fig. 9), deeply slitted / hollowed at mid-section, resembling the terminal hole in a snake fang (or in a hypodermic needle), with fine, hair-like filaments adorning the ventral margin of the slit (as in Figs. 8 D – E, 9); aedeagus digitiform and slightly sinuous on ventral view, narrowing towards the apex, ending shortly before the apex of the gonostyli (Fig. 9); the ejaculatory apodeme is the same length of the aedeagus, on ventral view the basal margin is rounded; two digitiform parameres present, one about the same length as the aedeagus, the other being half the length; gonocoxal apodemes plate like, joining at mid forming an M-shaped suture; epandrium rectangular (Fig. 9); hypoproct tongue-shaped, with apex elongated, covered in setulae, epiproct tongue-shaped, about half the length of the hypoproct; epandrial appendages (Figs. 8 E, 9) cylindrical, prolonged and tapering distally, covered with setae, with one apical tenaculum. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Genetics. All of the examined material was successfully sequenced. The maximum intraspecific uncorrected pairwise distance for COI sequences was 0.3 % or 2 bp. GenBank accession numbers: PQ 884229; PQ 884236; PQ 884228; PQ 884232; PQ 884234; PQ 884237; PQ 884238.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFADFFA6F4FDFDFA2957FEA9.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 10 – 11) Differential diagnosis Tonnoira wachi sp. nov. is morphologically similar to T. fusiformis but they can be differentiated by the gonostyli being digitiform, and abruptly narrowing at the apex in T. wachi (digitiform and evenly narrowing towards the apex in T. fusiformis); the aedeagus is digitiform, and slightly narrowing towards the apex in T. wachi (aedeagus abruptly narrowing at the apex in T. fusiformis); two parameres present in T. wachi (a single paramere in T. fusiformis).	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFADFFA6F4FDFDFA2957FEA9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name wachi derives from the Quchuan word Wach'i meaning arrow, making references to the pointed anterior apex of the ejaculatory apodeme. To be treated as a name in apposition. Examined material	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFADFFA6F4FDFDFA2957FEA9.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Ecuador — Pichincha • 1 ♂; Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Near San Pancracio, roadway to Pachijal, the area behind platform; 0.1156, - 78.9580; 750 masl; 01 – 09 Feb 2022; Kilian, Isabel leg.; Malaise Trap; slide mounted in Euparal; INABIO [ZFMK-DIP- 00097204]. Paratypes. Ecuador — Pichincha • 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype except 30 Dec – 05 Jan 2022; ZFMK [ZFMKDIP- 00081949; ZFMK-DIP- 00081950].	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
03EA87C2FFADFFA6F4FDFDFA2957FEA9.taxon	description	Description. Measurements given in millimeters (mm), (N = 3). Wing length: 2.31 (2.15 – 2.50), width: 1.16 (1.10 – 1.20). Head length: 0.54 (0.53 – 0.56), width: 0.65 (0.61 – 0.69). Antennal segments: scape: 0.16 (0.16 – 0.16); pedicel: 0.08 (0.7 – 0.09); flagellomeres 1: 0.21 (0.14 – 0.15), flagellomeres 2 – 3: 0.22 (0.22 – 0.22), flagellomere 4 – 5: 0.21 (0.21 – 0.22). Palpal segment 1: 0.08 (0.08 – 0.08); palpal segment 2: 0.25 (0.23 – 0.25); palpal segment 3: 0.23 (0.21 – 0.24); palpal segment 4: 0.21 (0.20 – 0.22). Male. Head (Fig. 10 A). Spherical, slightly wider than its length; eye bridge separated by less than 0.5 facet diameters, with four rows of facets; interocular suture as an inverted Y; the frontal patch of alveoli is undivided, with anterior margin pointed towards the eye bridge and the posterior margin concave. Antennal scape with mesal margin rounded, the width at rounded margin is nearly equal to the total length of the scape, scape is longer than the pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellomeres cylindrical, longer than scape, with scattered setae on the surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, maximum number of flagellomeres present 5; ascoids absent. Palpal segments cylindrical, the first palpal segment shorter than half the length of the second, the last palpal segment corrugated with an apical spiniform-setae, palpal proportions: 1.0: 2.9: 2.7: 2.5; labium without any strong sclerites; labella bulbous with scattered setae on the surface. Thorax (Fig. 10 B). Wing (Fig. 10 C) about 2.0 times longer than its width; wing membrane brown-infuscated; Sc vein short, ending before the origin of R 1; radial fork basad to medial fork; stem of R 2 + 3 short and not joining R 4; R 5 ending at the wing apex; apex of CuA ending at wing margin. Terminalia (Figs. 10 D, 11). Hypandrium strip-like on ventral view, bare, and joining the base of the gonocoxites; gonocoxites semi-cylindrical; gonostyli digitiform, abruptly narrowing towards the apex (as in Fig. 11), about the same length as gonocoxites; aedeagus digitiform on ventral view, curved (Fig. 11); two digitiform parameres, one evenly narrowing towards the apex, about half the length of the aedeagus, the second paramere digitiform and slightly curved, about one third the length of the aedeagus; ejaculatory apodeme longer than the aedeagus, with pointed anterior margin on ventral view; gonocoxal apodemes plate-like, fused forming a plate dorsal to the aedeagus; epandrium rectangular, with distal margin concave (Fig. 11); hypoproct tongue-shaped and covered in setulae, epiproct plate-like, about one forth the length of the hypoproct; epandrial appendages (Figs. 10 D, 11) cylindrical, prolonged and tapering distally, covered with setae, with one apical and one pre-apical tenaculum, both tenacula separated by about the length of apical tenaculum. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Genetics. All of the examined material was successfully sequenced. All sequences are identical. GenBank accession numbers: PQ 884224; PQ 884225; PQ 884233.	en	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago (2025): Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa 5673 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1
