taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EB87E1FF9E9C6A14CAFA28FAB4FDC8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Figs 1 – 3). Anurocampa are among the largest Notodontidae in the Americas and can be readily recognized by the large size and green, lichen-patterned forewings and yellow-tan basal areas of the otherwise dark brown hindwings. Anurocampa mingens is the largest member of the genus, males have a forewing length of 50 – 65 mm and a wingspan of 110 – 140 mm (n = 10), while females have a forewing length of 65 – 75 mm and a wingspan of 145 – 160 mm (n = 7). This species is differentiated from congeners in the respective diagnoses below but is most notable in having lighter dorsal forewing patterning compared to other members of the genus and weak differentiation between a lighter costal patch and the remainder of the forewing. The genitalia have more heavily sclerotized subapical valvae teeth than in the following two species, but the genitalia are quite similar to those of A. abelardochaconi sp. nov. described below. Anurocampa abelardochaconi sp. nov., can be differentiated from A. mingens by the lack of pits on sternite VIII, a narrower, more triangular uncus, and the uniform size of the subapical valval teeth.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF9E9C6A14CAFA28FAB4FDC8.taxon	description	Immature stages (Figs 4 – 8) Eggs (Fig. 4). Mean duration 13 – 16 days (n = 125). Dome-shaped, slightly flattened, 2.9 – 3.2 mm in diameter, 1.75 – 1.82 mm in height (n = 10). Chorion smooth, cream colored at oviposition becoming whiter near hatching, micropylar area light-brown at the upper pole of the egg. First instar (Fig. 5 a – b, 6 – 7). Mean duration 4 – 7 days (n = 90); head capsule width 1.2 – 1.3 mm (n = 10), body length 8 – 10 mm (n = 10). Head hypognathous, cream colored setae with the base of the antenna and the clypeus yellow, and a wide whitish stripe that extends from the base of the antenna to the dorsal region; stemmata all equal in size, stemma 5 ventral in position, near base of antennae, stemmata 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 forming semicircle, ventral margin of labrum moderately V notched, mandibles with cutting edge bearing five teeth; head bearing only primary setae. Body slightly flattened dorsoventrally, covered by yellowish primary setae, body color light green, semitransparent, subdorsally with a broad yellow stripe, T 1 with a whitish patch between XD 2 and D 2; A 1 – A 3 laterally with a burgundy patch on each segment; A 10 with a whitish patch between D and SD setae; spiracles elliptical, those of T 1 and A 8 larger; abdominal prolegs fully developed on A 3 – A 6 and A 10; anal prolegs projected backwards, slightly smaller in diameter and length than A 3 – A 6 prolegs; crochets in uniordinal mesoseries. Chaetotaxy. Head (Fig. 6). One pair of frontal setae (F 1), between them one pair of frontal pores (Fa); two pairs of adfrontal setae (AF 1, AF 2), smaller than the other setae, between them, one pair of adfrontal pores (AFa) proximal to AF 2; three pairs of anterior setae (A 1, A 2, A 3), and above A 3, one pore (Aa); two pairs of posterior setae (P 1, P 2) equidistant from the midline, and two pairs of pores (Pa, Pb); on the clypeus two pairs of setae (C 1, C 2); on the labrum three central (Lrm 1, Lrm 2, Lrm 3) and three lateral (Lrl 1, Lrl 2, Lrl 3) pairs of setae; one pair of lateral setae (L 1) and one pair of pores (La); three pairs of stemmatal setae (S 1, S 2, S 3) and two pairs of pores (Sa, Sb); three pairs of substemmatal setae (SS 1, SS 2, and SS 3); one pair of microgenal setae (Mg 1) located below the microgenal pore (Mga) three pairs of microdorsal (Md 1, Md 2, Md 3) setae, Md 1 above P 2, Md 2 and Md 3 laterally and, one pair of pores (Mda) between Md 2 and Md 3. Body (Fig. 7). T 1 — Pronotal shield not sclerotized; XD 1 and XD 2 setae located in the anterior area of pronotal shield; D 1 much smaller than D 2, located on the pronotal shield, D 2 located outside the pronotal shield, but very close to it; one pair of proprioceptor setae MD located in anteriorly to D 1; SD 1 and SD 2 setae located between XD 2 setae and spiracle; L 1 and L 2 setae located ventrally to the spiracle, L 2 below L 1; SV 1 and SV 2 setae located below of the lateral setae, SV 1 located posteriorly and under SV 2. T 2 and T 3 — D 2 setae located laterally to D 1 setae; SD 1 setae located below of the D 2 setae; L 1 setae located below of the SD 1 setae, L 2 setae located below and anterior of the L 1 setae; SV 1 and SV 2 setae show the same configuration of T 1. A 1, A 2, and A 7 — D 1 setae located anterior of the D 2 setae; SD 1 setae located above the spiracle; L 1 setae located below and posteriorly of the spiracle, L 2 setae located below of the spiracle; SV 1 setae located below of the L 1 setae, and SV 2 setae below and anterior of the SV 1; V 1 setae smaller than subventral setae. A 3 – A 6 — D, SD and L setae show the same configuration of A 1, A 2, and A 7; SV setae on prolegs with some secondary setae. A 8 — D, SD, L and V setae show the same configuration of A 1, A 2, and A 7; only SV 1 setae present. A 9 — D, SD and V setae show the same configuration of A 1, A 2, and A 7; only L 1 and SV 1 setae present. A 10 — anal shield not sclerotized; D 1, D 2, SD 1, and SD 2 on anal shield; an extra seta (X) anterolaterally of the anal shield. Second instar (Fig. 5 c – d). Mean duration 10 – 13 days (n = 70); head capsule width 1.6 – 1.7 mm (n = 2); body length 12.9 – 13.7 mm (n = 10). Head as the first instar but more whitish and with two parallel narrow dark stripes that cross the head, from near the base of the antenna to the vertex; mandibles with cutting edge smooth. Body as the first instar but with subprimary setae “ L 3 ” from T 2 to A 8 segments and with one subdorsal proprioceptor setae MSD anterior of the spiracle from A 1 to A 8 segments; dorsally with a pink stripe on T 1, T 2, and A 10; subdorsally with a yellow stripe between T 3 and A 10 and bellow this, a white stripe between T 1 and A 10; D setae from T 3 to A 7 on small whitish circular spots; SD setae on the white stripe; L, and SV setae from T 1 to A 7 on white circular spots. Third instar (Fig. 5 e – f). Mean duration 10 – 11 days (n = 2); head capsule width 2.4 mm (n = 1); body length 17.8 – 18.2 mm (n = 2). Head as in the second instar. Body as in second instar but T 3 with a pronounced dorsal hump, this structure has three transverse bands: one greenish-yellow, the second white, and the third burgundy; laterally whitish with whitish circular spots better defined along the whole length of the body; subventral region of A 8 with a large yellow ellipsoid patch. Fourth instar (Fig. 5 g – h). Duration 8 days (n = 1); head capsule width 3.1 mm (n = 1); body length 30.2 mm (n = 1). Head as in third instar but more whitish and without a narrow dark stripe. Body as the third instar but the white circular patches on T 1 (SD, L and SV setae), T 2 (L and SV setae), T 3 (L 2, L 3 and SV setae), A 1 (L 2 and L 3 setae), A 2 (L setae), A 3 – A 6 (L and SV setae), A 7 (L 2 setae), and the yellow ellipsoid patch on A 8 all ringed by burgundy. Also, the burgundy spot of L 3 is continuous with the burgundy transverse band that surrounds the dorsal hump of T 3. Fifth instar (Fig. 5 i – j). Duration 10 days (n = 1); head capsule width 6 mm (n = 1); body length 56.3 mm (n = 1). Head as the third instar but mandibles and labrum bluish. Body as in fourth instar but colors more striking; on A 9, dorsally a golden-yellow patch highlighted by two laterally burgundy stripes; subdorsally, on A 1 to A 7, a white stripe, and on A 8 to A 10 a golden-yellow stripe highlighted by two burgundy stripes; spiracles ringed by burgundy; laterally, burgundy rings surrounding setae distinctly larger, sometimes fused as in SD 1 - SD 2, L 1 - L 2 (on T 1), SD 1 - L 1 - L 2 (on T 2 - T 3), and SV 1 - SV 2 (on T 1 - T 3); legs and prolegs bluish. Pre-pupa (making the cocoon until pupation) duration 16 days. Pupa (Fig. 8). Duration 27 days (n = 1); 30 mm long (n = 1); obtect and stout, body cylindrical, integument light brown, smooth, and glabrous. Head. Antenna broad basally, tapering to apex, reaching 2 / 3 the length of the forewing, beyond mesothoracic legs; labial palpus sclerite absent; proboscis short, reaching half-length of forewing; proximolateral angles of the proboscis reach the eye sclerites; anterior suture of proboscis bending toward the vertex. Thorax. Dorsally ornamented by transverse striae, ventrally smooth; prothorax trapezoidal, midline distinct, but lacking a developed crest. Mesothorax also with a well-defined midline; wings separated from scutum by depressions; posterior margin lacks quadrangular plates separated by pits; spiracular margins smooth. Metathorax almost rectangular, but with concave anterior suture. Legs. Sclerite of prothoracic femur absent; tip of metathoracic leg exposed beyond the forewing. Wings. Forewing truncated at apex, posteriorly connected in midline; hindwing narrow and short, reaching to third abdominal segment. Abdomen. Dorsally marked by a longitudinal black dashed line; A 1 – A 4 with a dorso-lateral pair of shallow irregular depressions; anterior margin of movable segments (A 5 – A 7) with diffuse band of small pits; A 8 – A 10 apex broadly rounded, not tapering posteriorly; spiracles elliptical, prominent in A 2 to A 7, smaller on A 8; margins of all spiracles not protruded; cremaster absent. Pupa formed in a silken cocoon.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF919C6D14CAF944FA23FE8A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Very little is known about this species which was described based on a single male from French Guiana, but Amazonian populations that we are familiar with, which likely belong to a separate undescribed species, are recognizable by the very faint to nonexistent medial costal patch and well-defined double postmedial lines on the forewings. The holotype of A. orousseti has lighter forewing coloration than in any other examined Anurocampa, and has a well-defined, strongly contrasting dark apical patch of scales that are absent from all other examined material (including examined Amazonian specimens). We have been unable to locate any specimen closely matching the type, but in our examined specimen from French Guiana, the uncus is much narrower than in any other examined Anurocampa or from the genitalia of the type of A. orousseti figured in Thiaucourt (1985), though the uncus in A. orousseti is still narrower than in the other species treated here. The VIII sternite is also distinct among both Amazonian populations, having a single narrow slit-like pit in the type of A. orousseti and having more widely spaced, more heavily sclerotized, and more posteriorly situated pits in the specimen we examined from French Guiana. Pending more clarity on the identity of A. orousseti, we do not describe any Amazonian taxa at this time.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF969C7014CAFEA8FCFEFA6D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. 1 ♂ COSTA RICA: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste Prov., Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales, 10.92471, - 85.46738, 1080 m, eclosed 2. V. 2009 host: Eugenia costaricensis | Voucher 08 - SRNP- 35711 D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs DB http: // janzen. sas. upenn. edu | USNMENT 01771159 | HOLOTYPE Anurocampa markhastingsi Chacón and St Laurent. Note, this specimen was sequenced for mitochondrial COI and phylogenomics separately, its COI barcode associated with voucher 08 - SRNP- 35711 and phylogenomic data associated with USNMENT 01771159. Paratypes, same forest locality as holotype, COSTA RICA: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste Province, 18 ♂, 4 ♀, Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales, 10.92471 °, - 85.46738 °, eclosed 27. V. 1998 (♂), 10. V. 2000 (♀), 19. V. 2000 (♀), 14. IV. 2001 (♂), 20. IV. 2001 (♂), 8. IX. 2003 (♂), 24. IV. 2004 (♂), 7. V. 2004 (♂), 10. V. 2003 (♂), 24. IV. 2005 (♂), 30. IV. 2009 (♂), host: Eugenia costaricensis, 97 - SRNP- 1971 (♂), 99 - SRNP- 1162 (♀), 00 - SRNP- 9851 (♂), 00 - SRNP- 9852 (♀), 00 - SRNP- 9889 (♂), 02 - SRNP- 23881 (♂), 03 - SRNP- 4226 (♂), 03 - SRNP- 4227 (♂), 03 - SRNP- 22769 (♂), 04 - SRNP- 35554 (♂), 08 - SRNP- 36489 (♂) (USNM). All paratypes were reared from wild-caught caterpillars in the same forest as the holotype, from among a total of 112 caterpillars found over 14 years. Almost all were found at night because of their differential reflection from foliage when hit by the beam of a flashlight. None were parasitized by a wasp or fly. An additional 5 ♂ paratypes are in MNCR: COSTA RICA: Prov. Alajuela: 1 ♂: INBIOCRI 002247148 (COI Barcoded), Upala, Sector San Ramón de Dos Ríos, 1.5 Km NW Hacienda Nueva Zelandia, 620 m, 10.88326 - 85.41354, 18 March 1995, Quesada, Freddy A. (MNCR). 1 ♂: INB 0004294955 (COI Barcoded), Upala, Bijagua, Alto Los Brenes, 700 m, 10.71666 - 85,09056, 30 August 2011, Azofeifa Zuñiga, José Antonio (MNCR). 1 ♂: INB 0004336487 (COI Barcoded), Guatuso, Buenavista (San José), Punto 1: Catarata Río Buenavista, 800 m, 10.70612 - 84,99288, 17 August 2012, Azofeifa Zuñiga, José Antonio (MNCR). 1 ♂: INBIOCRI 002405252 (COI Barcoded), San Ramón, Ángeles, Sector Colonia Palmareña, San Ramón, 760 m, 10.23222, - 84,55330, 1 September 1995, Carballo, Gerardo (MNCR). 1 ♂: INB 0004249967 (COI Barcoded), San Ramón, Ángeles, Estación Biológica Villa Blanca, 1115 m, 10.20136 - 84,48510, 8 August 2010, Rojas Vásquez, Robert (MNCR). All of these specimens were originally identified as A. mingens in the original INBIo national inventory collection (today, in the MNCR).	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF969C7014CAFEA8FCFEFA6D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Anurocampa markhastingsi sp. nov. is named in honor of Mr. Mark Hastings of Boston, Massachusetts, USA for his substantial support of the mitochondrial DNA sequencing of Costa Rica wild insects as part of the BioAlfa bioliteracy process conducted by the Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund in its support of the survival of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica and growth of the DNA barcode library of Costa Rica. The name is a masculine noun in the genitive case.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF969C7014CAFEA8FCFEFA6D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Externally similar to A. mingens and the following species A. abelarochaconi sp. nov., but the forewings are darker green with a more contrasting and well-defined costal white patch than in either species, and furthermore in A. mingens, the costal patch may be almost absent and is less contrasting in A. abelardochaconi sp. nov.. Anurocampa mingens in particular, tends to be grayer and lighter overall on the forewing surface due to heavier presence of light gray scales overlaying the green ground color that is typical of the genus. The forewing lines and discal mark of A. markhastingsi sp. nov. are not readily discernable (but usually present) whereas these markings are quite apparent in A. mingens. In A. markhastingsi sp. nov. the hindwings are typically lighter, tending to be darker brown in A. mingens and more intermediate in A. abelardochaconi sp. nov.. Specimens of Amazonian Anurocampa which may be A. orousseti or a further undescribed species, are notable for nearly lacking the costal patch and having double postmedial lines that are readily apparent (these being absent in the other Anurocampa species). In Amazonian populations the postmedial region of the forewings may be contrasting brown against the more typical green basal antemedial and medial areas of the forewings. Ventrally, the forewing medial line is concave and the hindwing medial line is more curved tornally in A. markhastingsi sp. nov. than in any other Anurocampa species. Genitalia are rather nondescript but are similar to the preceding two species and the following one, the main distinction of A. markhastingsi sp. nov. being the weakly toothed apical region of the valvae, somewhat shorter socii, broader uncus, and broader phallus than in other species. Finally, the VIII tergite pits are present in A. markhastingsi sp. nov. (as in A. mingens and A. cf. orousseti) but are absent in A. abelardochaconi sp. nov..	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF969C7014CAFEA8FCFEFA6D.taxon	description	Description. Adult. Male. Head: Width less than half that of thorax, frons coloration hoary green, eyes large, naked, occupying more than 2 / 3 area of head; labial palpus extending beyond frons, apparently three segmented, palpi clothed in tan scales ventrally, brown scales laterally, distally and internally with hoary green scales; haustellum of moderate length (full extent not examined), antennae yellow-tan, very long extending nearly to midway of costa, bipectinate to tip with roughly uniform pectinations along length. Thorax: clothed in hoary green scales, inverted Ushaped pattern of black scales faintly present mesally. Prothoracic legs outwardly clothed in hoary green scales as for thorax, but inwardly scaled with long, fine hair-like yellow-tan scales, mesa- and metathoracic legs covered only in yellow-tan scales. Tibial spurs clothed in yellow-tan scales, in formula 0 - 2 - 4. Tarsal claws simple. Forewing length 42 – 47 mm, wingspan 84 – 96 mm (n = 9); overall ovoid, outer margin convex, apex rounded. Forewing dorsum ground color deep green with fine irroration of gray and black scales giving much of the wing hoary appearance. Overall wing pattern poorly defined due to hoary appearance, but faint wavy antemedial and postmedial lines present with latter being incomplete, submarginal region ranging from being concolorous with medial area to lighter gray. Discal spot somewhat visible as a white patch but usually appearing very faint due to its localization within a somewhat triangular white patch midway along costa that reaches to roughly halfway to inner margin, white patch overlaid by green, gray, and black scales, despite overlay of scales costal patch relatively well contrasting against wing ground color. Anal angle of forewing somewhat pronounced near thorax, with longer black erect scales. Forewing ventrum mostly unmarked, basally yellow-tan to gray-brown, distally gray-brown, these two regions of ventrum delimited by convex medial band, clear antemedial and postmedial bands absent, in some specimens ventrum more uniform yellow-tan overall. Hindwing without distinct markings, coloration brown underlaid with yellow-tan scales that are most prominent and somewhat erect basally, margin of wing with yellow-brown fringe that contrasts against overall brown coloration of hindwing. Hindwing ventrum as for hindwing dorsum but more yellow-brown than gray-brown and usually stronger medial line. Frenulum a single bristle. Abdomen: Robust, appearing banded due to yellow-tan scales at segment margins with intersegmental regions dark brown, abdomen with grayish dorsal band, ventrally yellow-tan, sclerotized cteniophores bearing many (> 20) spines, distalmost spines less heavily sclerotized and longer. Eighth sternite broadest anteriorly, posteriorly truncated with pair of separate pits mesally (Figs 12 d, 15 d). Genitalia (Figs 12 a – c, 15 a – c) (n = 2) Vinculum broadly ovoid, somewhat triangular dorsally. Tegumen weakly defined. Uncus somewhat elongate but width variable, always wider than thick, heavily sclerotized and truncated or slightly indented at apex. Socii simple, fingerlike, upcurved more heavily sclerotized than uncus, reaching roughly halfway to uncus apex. Gnathos absent. Valvae narrow, bowed downward, costal region more strongly sclerotized than remainder of valvae, subapical region of valvae with weakly defined projection. Juxta ventrally projected, otherwise a simple flat structure. Phallus short, broad, somewhat flattened, distally covered in short spines ventrally, with spins continuing on to cover the thick, balloon-like vesica, phallus pointed outward laterally, coecum phallus very flat and distally broadened. When viewed from ventral or dorsal aspect, phallus broadened on either terminus. Female. Sexual dimorphism most notable in size difference with females being roughly 1.5 times the size of males. Head: As for male but antennae slimmer with shorter pectinations. Thorax: As for male. Forewing length 55 mm, wingspan 102 – 112 mm (n = 2); as for male but costal white patch less contrasting and appearing stretched farther along costa. Hindwing as in male. Frenulum with numerous tightly packed bristles. Abdomen: As for male but more robust, eighth sternite and tergite simple, lacking the pits on variable sclerotization of males. Genitalia (Figs 13, 16) (n = 1) tergite VIII broadly rectangular with posterior margin outwardly project. Apophyses anteriores small, fingerlike; apophyses posteriores extremely fine, crisscrossing each other and held parallel to VIII segment margin, their length slightly less than VIII-IX / X intersegmental width. Lamella antevaginalis a weakly sclerotized plate embedded in membrane; lamella postvaginalis a more sclerotized band. Ductus broad, thickly membraned with two sclerotized bands embedded; corpus bursae very small and baglike, not greater in size than ductus; papillae anales large and broad, width almost equivalent to posterior margin of VIII, papillae anales covered in relatively short, fine setae. Life history. The gross morphology of the larva of A. markhastingsi sp. nov. is very similar to what we have described in detail for A. mingens. However, based on available images for late instar larvae that gave rise to our type series of A. markhastingsi sp. nov. (Fig. 17), we note the following distinct differences from A. mingens larvae: A. markhastingsi sp. nov. larvae lack the white spots that are present over the whole lateral body of last instar of A. mingens (in our unique reared individual these spots are encircled by red, but otherwise typically the red is absent in A. mingens larvae, nonetheless A. markhastingsi sp. nov. does not have lateral spotting); the white lateral line of A. markhastingsi sp. nov. is dorsally lined with red, this red lining absent in A. mingens; the dorsal-lateral longitudinal band on the squared edge of T 3 is light blue in A. markhastingsi sp. nov. whereas it is white or blue and red in A. mingens; the lateral projected spots of A 8 are either bisected red and yellow or dorsally lined with red in A. markhastingsi sp. nov. but in A. mingens these spots are mostly yellow encircled by red or black; finally, A 9 bears a pair of red spots encircled by light blue in A. markhastingsi sp. nov., in A. mingens A 9 has a single yellow dorsal spot and bright yellow bands edged in red or black laterally on A 8 – 10, these bands replacing the white lateral band over A 8 – 10, the lateral band is continuous to A 10 in A. markhastingsi sp. nov.. The last set of characters on A 8 – 10 are the most consistent and easily observed difference between A. markhastingsi sp. nov. and A. mingens.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF969C7014CAFEA8FCFEFA6D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. In Costa Rica A. markhastingsi sp. nov. has been collected in rain and cloud forest on both slopes of the Cordillera Volcánica de Guanacaste and Cordillera de Tilarán, the volcanoes to the north of the Meseta Central, but not on the uplift mountains to the south of the Meseta Central. The elevational range for the species is 620 – 1160 m, with nearly all from the upper edge of this range. All are from Guanacaste and Alajuela Provinces.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF969C7014CAFEA8FCFEFA6D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This new species is principally known from Costa Rica where more than 100 wild-caught larvae were found feeding singly on Eugenia costaricensis O. Berg (Myrtaceae) over the course of more than a decade. Our type series is entirely restricted to these reared individuals and others that were barcoded. Adults frequently come to light traps placed in the forest where the caterpillars are found.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF8B9C7414CAF98BFB90FB86.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1528 A 997 - 76 FD- 49 DB- 8066 - 389 BFBABA 402	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF8B9C7414CAF98BFB90FB86.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. 1 ♂ COSTA RICA: INBIOCRI 001080279 (COI Barcoded), Prov. San José, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.14889 - 83.95190, 20 February 1983, Isidro Chacón (MNCR). Paratypes, (Total: 25 ♂, 6 ♀) COSTA RICA: Prov. San Jose: 1 ♂: INBIOCRI 001073453, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.14889 - 83.95190, 1 March 1985, Abelardo Chacón & Isidro Chacón (MNCR). 6 ♂♂: INB 0003007210, INB 0003007216, INB 0003007217 INB 0003007218, INB 0003007221, INB 0003007212, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.16065 - 83.95645, 1 August 1984, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón (MNCR). 1 ♂: INB 0003011959, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.14889 - 83.95190, 1 March 1985, Abelardo Chacón & Isidro Chacón (MNCR). 1 ♂: INB 0003007224, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.16065 - 83.95645, 1 February 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón (MNCR). 5 ♂♂: INB 0003007214, INB 0003007219, INB 0003007230, INB 0003007231, INB 0003007233, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.16065 - 83.95645, 1 April 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón (MNCR). 3 ♂♂: INB 0003007220, INB 0003007222, INB 0003007227, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.14889 - 83.95190, 1 May 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón (MNCR). 1 ♂: INB 0003007213, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.14889 - 83.95190, 1 January 1985, Abelardo Chacón (MNCR). 1 ♂: INBIOCRI 001080284, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, Sendero La Botella 700 m, 10.16517 - 83.95731, 1 April 1983, Hesterberg, R. L. (MNCR). 3 ♂♂: INB 0003007228, INB 0003007229, INB 0003007232, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.16065 - 83.95645, 1 July 1984, Isidro Chacón (MNCR). 1 ♀: INB 0003011961, Prov. San José, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.16065 - 83.95645, 1 March 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón (MNCR). 2 ♀♀: INB 0003007239, INB 0003007238, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.16065 - 83.95645, 1 April 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón (MNCR). 1 ♀: INB 0003007240, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 10.16065 - 83.95645, 1 May 1985, Isidro Chacón & Abelardo Chacón (MNCR). 1 ♀: INBIOCRI 001080314, Vásquez de Coronado, Cascajal, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, Sendero La Botella 700 m, 10.16517 - 83.95731, 1 April 1983, Hesterberg, R. L. (MNCR). Prov. Limón: 1 ♂: INB 0003031644 Pococí, Guápiles, Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central, Pococí, Reserva Forestal, Quebrada Molinete, 500 m, 10,178 69 - 83,92266 28 August 1986, Isidro Chacón (MNCR). Prov. Heredia: 2 ♂♂: INBIOCRI 000210289, INBIOCRI 000210311, Sarapiquí, La Virgen, Estación El Ceibo 400 m, 10.32804 - 84.08042, 1 April 1990, Carlos Chávez (MNCR). 1 ♀: INBIOCRI 000210767. Sarapiquí, La Virgen, Estación El Ceibo 400 m, 10.32804 - 84.08042, 1 April 1990, Carlos Chávez (MNCR). All of these specimens were collected in light traps, and none of their localities overlap with the localities of A. markhastingsi sp. nov..	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF8B9C7414CAF98BFB90FB86.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Anurocampa abelardochaconi sp. nov. is named in honor of Sr. Abelardo Chacon (RIP) of San Jose, Costa Rica, in recognition of his pioneering participation in the field collections for the national biodiversity insect inventory of Área de Conservación Guanacaste and for the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversity (INBio) in Santo Domingo de Heredia. The name is a masculine noun in the genitive case.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF8B9C7414CAF98BFB90FB86.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Externally mostly similar to A. mingens due to the somewhat lighter coloration overall than in A. cf. orousseti and A. markhastingsi sp. nov. as well as by the presence of a dark submarginal line and more well-defined discal spot (females A. markhastingsi sp. nov. may have a less well-defined submarginal line). While it may be possible to differentiate A. abelardochaconi sp. nov. and A. markhastingsi sp. nov. in the field in Costa Rica due to the aforementioned characters, we recommend examination of the terminalia to be certain of identification since the two species are very similar. The most immediately apparent morphological feature is the absence of a pair of VIII tergite pits in male A. abelardochaconi sp. nov. (present in all other examined Anurocampa species), and these should be discernable by brushing scales from the terminal abdominal segments so as not to require a full genitalia dissection. If genitalia are examined, the narrow, triangular uncus and a well-developed subapical pair of spines on the valvae combined with a narrow phallus all help to differentiate this new species from A. markhastingsi sp. nov.. Anurocampa markhastingsi sp. nov. and A. abelardochaconi sp. nov. have conspicuously different DNA barcodes (BIN BOLD: AAB 4585 vs. BIN BOLD: AAT 9497).	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF8B9C7414CAF98BFB90FB86.taxon	description	Description. Adult. Male. Head: As for previous species. Thorax: As for previous species except: Forewing length 48 – 49 mm, wingspan 94 – 99 mm (n = 2); forewing dorsum ground color light to deep green with fine irroration of gray and black scales giving much of the wing hoary appearance. Overall wing pattern poorly defined due to hoary appearance, but faint wavy antemedial and postmedial lines present and most complete costally, submarginal region lighter gray than medial or antemedial region with a dark brown zigzagging submarginal line. Discal spot present, crescent shaped, lighter patch present midway along costa that reaches to roughly halfway to inner margin, white patch overlaid by green, gray, and black scales, overall patch not strongly contrasting against medial area of wing. Forewing ventrum mostly unmarked, medial band very faint. Hindwing without distinct markings, coloration dark brown underlaid with yellow-tan. Hindwing ventrum as for hindwing dorsum but more yellow-brown than gray-brown and usually stronger, straighter medial line. Abdomen: Very similar to previous species, but VIII sternite lacking mesal pits (Fig. 19 d). Genitalia (Fig. 19 a – c) (n = 2) Vinculum broadly ovoid, somewhat triangular dorsally. Tegumen weakly defined. Uncus somewhat elongate, forming an isosceles triangle. Socii simple, fingerlike, upcurved more heavily sclerotized than uncus, barely reaching roughly halfway to uncus apex. Gnathos absent. Valvae narrow, costal region slightly more strongly sclerotized than remainder of valvae, subapical region of valvae with strongly sclerotized pair of teeth. Juxta a simple flat structure. Phallus short, broadest distally, somewhat flattened, distally covered in short spines ventrally, with spines continuing on to cover the thick, balloon-like vesica, coecum phallus constricted giving phallus overall much narrower appearance than in previous species. When viewed from ventral or dorsal aspect, phallus broadened on either terminus. Female. Sexual dimorphism most notable in size difference with females being roughly 1.5 times size of males. Head: As for male but antennae slimmer with shorter pectinations. Thorax: As for male. Forewing length 63 – 70 mm, wingspan 129 – 148 mm (n = 3); as for male but costal white patch less contrasting and appearing stretched farther along costa and more toward anal angle, overall coloration lighter than in male, particularly antemedially and submarginally. Hindwing as in male but broader and lighter due to less dark brown scales. Frenulum with numerous tightly packed bristles. Abdomen: As for male but more robust, eighth sternite and tergite simple, lacking the pits on variable sclerotization of males. Genitalia (Fig. 20) (n = 3) tergite VIII broadly rectangular with posterior margin outwardly project. Apophyses anteriores small, fingerlike; apophyses posteriores extremely fine, crisscrossing each other and held parallel to VIII segment margin, their length slightly less than VIII – IX / X intersegmental width. Lamella antevaginalis a weakly sclerotized plate embedded in membrane; lamella postvaginalis a more sclerotized band. Ductus broad, thickly membraned with a single sclerotized band embedded near terminus of ductus bursae; corpus bursae small and baglike, only moderately larger than ductus; papillae anales large and broad, papillae anales covered in relatively short, fine setae. Life history. Unknown. All Anurocampa larvae reared to adults in Costa Rica resulted in A. markhastingsi sp. nov..	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF8B9C7414CAF98BFB90FB86.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anurocampa abelardochaconi sp. nov. has been collected with light traps in rain forest on the eastern slope of Cordillera Volcánica Central. The elevational range for the species is 400 – 700 m, conspicuously lower than that of A. markhastingsi sp. nov.. There is no geographic overlap of the ranges of the two newly described species.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
03EB87E1FF8B9C7414CAF98BFB90FB86.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Initially, COI barcodes called our attention to these two morphologically cryptic Anurocampa in Costa Rica (Fig. 21). Further examination of the barcodes in the context of A. mingens from Brazil and A. cf. orousseti from French Guiana emphasize the recognition of the two newly described taxa. Although differences are low, expectedly considering limited available genetic data, the morphology suggests that the two Costa Rican taxa are more closely related to the Amazonian population of A. cf. orousseti than to A. mingens from southeastern Brazil. Further genetic data and sampling from across South America is warranted.	en	Orlandin, Elton, St Laurent, Ryan A., Piovesan, Mônica, Hallwachs, Winnie, Chacón, Isidro, Janzen, Daniel, Carneiro, Eduardo (2023): Anurocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae): two new species, systematics and immature stages. Zootaxa 5306 (4): 401-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.4.1
