identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F6B269FF91FFEDFF7CFA34FC0445DD.text	03F6B269FF91FFEDFF7CFA34FC0445DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acossus terebra (Denis & Shiffermuller 1775)	<div><p>Acossus terebra (Denis &amp; Shiffermüller, 1775)</p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p>Acossus terebra: Yakovlev 2007b: 395, figs 3, 6 (♂).</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 3♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani NP</a>; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 26 May 2025; JLGT • 1♂; Tbilisi, Mama Daviti; 1 July 1963; leg. E. Didmanidze; SJMG • 1♂; Ushguli; leg. E. Didmanidze; 16 June 1982; SJMG • 1♂; Barisakho; leg. E. Didmanidze; 27 May 1970; SJMG • 1♂; Gardabani; leg. E. Didmanidze; 20 May 1972; SJMG • 1♂; Borjomi; 19 May 1899; SJMG • 2♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.248&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.248/lat 41.775)">Kvabiskhevi</a>; N41.775°, E46.248°; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 10 July 2019; VLHF • 8♂, 1♀; Mijniskure; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 18 May 2023; JJVF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 14 June 2024; VLHF .</p><p>Remarks. The species is widespread across Eurasia. It inhabits forest-steppe zones, shrub-arboreal communities, mountain xerophytic associations, and arid parklands. In Europe, recorded host plants include Populus nigra L. and P. alba L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF91FFEDFF7CFA34FC0445DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF97FFEBFF7CFF4CFBDF4464.text	03F6B269FF97FFEBFF7CFF4CFBDF4464.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossus cossus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Cossus cossus Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Cossus cossus: Yakovlev 2009: 58, figs 1–15 (♂).</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.30676&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.45197" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.30676/lat 41.45197)">Khertvisi</a>; N 41.45197°, E 043.30676°; 1158 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 13 July 2025; JLGT • 1♀; Mukhura; 16.08.2022 ISUT • 1♂; Pasanauri; leg. J. Junnilainen; 3 July 2022; JLGT • 1♀; Shakhvetila; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 4 June 2022; JLGT • 1♂; Sairme; 21 July 1981; leg. E. Didmanidze; SJMG • 3♂; Poti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 July 1980; SJMG • 1♂; Lagodekhi; leg. Litvinov; 28 April 1957; SJMG • 2♂; Aspindza; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 August 1973; SJMG • 1♂; Bakhmaro; leg. E. Didmanidze; 17 July 1983; SJMG • 1♂; Tusheti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 August 1980; SJMG • 1♂; Adjara, Chkhutuneti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 June 1969; SJMG • 1♂; Adjara, Tsvermagala; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 July 1969; SJMG • 1♂; Chkhorotsku; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 June 1988; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; 7 June 1968; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; 6 June 1969; SJMG • 2♂; Tsoniarisi, Keda; leg. E. Didmanidze; 18 June 1969; SJMG • 1♀; Shuapkho; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 July 1981; SJMG • 1♂; Dmanisi, Kakliani; leg. E. Didmanidze; 20 July 1966; SJMG • 1♂; Tsalendjikha; leg. E. Didmanidze; 19 June 1968; SJMG • 9♂; Salkhino; leg. Vashakidze; 26 June 1962; SJMG • 1♂; Ukana Pshavi, Shuapkho; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 June 1981; SJMG • 1♂; Lagodekhi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 5 August 1988; SJMG • 1♂ 1♀; Sairme; leg. E. Didmanidze; 22 July 1981; SJMG • 1♂; Akhaltsikhe; leg. E. Didmanidze; 16 June 1964; SJMG • 1♂; Kintrishi; leg. E. Didmanidze; June 1979; SJMG • 2♂; Meskhikedi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 17 April 1974; SJMG • 1♂; Shatili; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 August 1987; SJMG • 1♂; Tbilisi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 1 July 1963; SJMG • 2♂; Borjomi, Likani; leg. Vasilin; 6 July 1914; SJMG • 1♂; Batsara-Babaneuri; leg. E. Didmanidze; 10 June 1982; SJMG • 2♂; Dmanisi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 18 July 1966; SJMG • 1♂; Barisakho; 15 June 1939; SJMG • 3♂; Zugdidi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 26 April 1968; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; 27 June 1968; SJMG • 1♂; Chkhutuneti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 4 June 1969; SJMG • 1♂; Kintrishi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 11 July 1968; SJMG • 1♂; Tbilisi, Mama Daviti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 17 July 1963; SJMG • 1♂; Akhaltsikhe, Minadze; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 July 1964; SJMG • 2♂; Java, Tandiberdi; leg. Chikvishvili; 7 August 1945; SJMG • 1♂; Tamakoni; leg. Vashakidze; 2 July 1962; SJMG • 1♂; Sarkineti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 25 July 1966; SJMG • 1♂; Batumi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 8 April 1970; SJMG • 1♂; Bakuriani; leg. V . Kozlovski; 13 July 1919; SJMG • 1♂; Kobuleti; leg. A. Baznikin; 17 May 2023; BABS • 4♂; Kveda Kvirike; leg. A. Baznikin; 2 June 2023; BABS • 2♂; Kobuleti; leg. A. Baznikin; 22 June 2023; BABS .</p><p>Barcoding: We obtained a single barcode (BOLD:AAE4069) from the specimen BGE_00661_H03 from Mukhura, with the closest matches in BOLD Systems being C. cossus from Finland and Romania (BOLD:AAE4069, p -distance 0.91%).</p><p>Remarks. The species is widely distributed across much of Eurasia, as well as in Korea, Japan, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Reported host plants include species from the following genera: Cydonia Mill., Malus L., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Cerasus L., Olea L., Fraxinus L., Morus L., Hippophae L., Elaeagnus L., Populus L., Platanus L., Salix L., Betula L., Alnus L., Sorbus L., Tilia L., Fagus L., Quercus L., Acer L., Ulmus L., Vitis L., Aesculus L., Sambucus L., Diospyros L., Citrus L., Caragana Fabr., Lonicera L., Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., and Juglans regia L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 45.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF97FFEBFF7CFF4CFBDF4464	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF97FFEAFF7CF951FE554298.text	03F6B269FF97FFEAFF7CF951FE554298.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deserticossus arenicola (Staudinger 1879)	<div><p>Deserticossus arenicola (Staudinger, 1879)</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Deserticossus arenicola: Yakovlev 2006: 32, pl. 2, figs 10–17 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Shida Kartli, Saguramo Reserve; 1000–1200 m a.s.l.; leg. E. A. Didmanidze; 24 August 1970; SJMG • 1♂; Shiomgvime; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 July 1983; SJMG • 1♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 25 July 2022; JJVF .</p><p>Remarks. The species is found in the Caucasus and Central Asia, Russia (Volga and South Ural regions). The reported host plants are Tamarix L. and Caragana Lam. (Yakovlev 2006, Yakovlev &amp; Witt 2017). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF97FFEAFF7CF951FE554298	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFEB4FAC14016.text	03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFEB4FAC14016.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deserticossus volgensis (Christoph 1893)	<div><p>** Deserticossus volgensis (Christoph, 1893)</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Deserticossus volgensis: Yakovlev 2006: 32, pl. 3, figs 4–5 (♂ ♀)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Chachuna MR; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 2 June 2022; JLGT • 1♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.649&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.11" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.649/lat 41.11)">Vashlovani NP, Mijniskure</a>; N41.110°, E46.649°; 100 m a.s.l.; leg: A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 4–5 May 2023; VLHF .</p><p>Remarks. The species is found in Russia and Kazakhstan (Yakovlev 2006). Biology remains unknown. We report this species from the South Caucasus for the first time. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFEB4FAC14016	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFD66FA9946DC.text	03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFD66FA9946DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dieida ledereri (Staudinger 1871)	<div><p>Dieida ledereri (Staudinger, 1871)</p><p>(Fig. 16)</p><p>Dieida ledereri: Daniel 1955: 175 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Dieida ledereri: Japaridze 2024: 277, fig. 7 (♂).</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Dedoplistksaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N41.1194°, E46.6097°; 460 m a.s.l.; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; 16 April 2022; JLGT (CaBOL-ID 1023789) .</p><p>Barcoding: We obtained the first barcode of the species from the specimen CaBOL-ID 1023789 (BOLD: AGY7802), which showed no significant match with any existing barcoded species in BOLD Systems.</p><p>Remarks. The species is recorded from Turkey, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, Israel, Iran, and Georgia (Japaridze 2024). The host plant, eggs, and larvae remain unknown. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFD66FA9946DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFAB8FB014476.text	03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFAB8FB014476.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dyspessa cerberus Daniel 1939	<div><p>** Dyspessa cerberus Daniel, 1939</p><p>(Figs 5, 28–29)</p><p>Dyspessa cerberus albinervis: Yakovlev 2008a: fig. 3, pl. 4, figs 5–6.</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 4♂; Adjara, Meskhikedi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 16 April 2022; SJMG .</p><p>Remarks. The species is recorded from Turkey and Syria (Yakovlev 2011b). Biology remains unknown. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43. This is the first record of the species in the South Caucasus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFAB8FB014476	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.text	03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dyspessa confusa Japaridze, Makharadze, Seropian 2025	<div><p>Dyspessa confusa Japaridze, Makharadze, Seropian, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C23123B2-FE90-48D5-8464-1B81A114E426</p><p>(Figs 6, 26–27)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • Holotype ♂; Samtskhe-Javakheti, Aspindza Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.30676&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.45197" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.30676/lat 41.45197)">Khertvisi Vill.</a>; N 41.45197°, E 043.30676°; 1158 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 13 July 2025; gen. prep. LG13 JLGT • Paratypes 1♂; leg G. Makharadze; 2 April 2022; JLGT; 7♂; same data as holotype, CaBOL-IDs 1009959, 1009960; 4♂; same data as holotype, BABS .</p><p>Barcoding. We obtained two identical barcodes from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1009959, 1009960 (BOLD:AGV7318). The best match in BOLD Systems was a pair of unidentified Dyspessa collected in April 2024 by Lukasz Matuszewski from Vashlovani NP, and the same location as our barcoded specimens. Given the nearly identical COI barcoding results (max. p -distance 0.3%), we assume these specimens also belong to the herein described species.</p><p>Diagnosis. The males of the new species closely resemble those of Dyspessa aurora Yakovlev, 2008a in appearance, but differ in having more concave valvae and an S-shaped, curved aedeagus (Figs 26–27; cf. Yakovlev 2008a: fig. 1). From other local congeners, they are easily distinguished by the wing pattern.</p><p>Description. Male (Fig. 6). Wingspan 21 mm. Antennae nearly 2/3 of the length of the forewing, bipectinate, covered with white scales; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen covered in long brown-whitish, thorax with pair of black longitudinal lateral lines of piliform scales. Forewing 9 mm, light brown with irregular white pattern; costal margin narrow with lighter border, outer margin area white, postdiscal area with small wedge-shaped white spot in radial zone, broad white stroke between M3 and CuA2, M-Cu cell completely occupied with white irregular white area extending posteriorly. Hindwing short, covered with blackish scales, lighter at the base. Genitalia (Figs 26–27). Uncus broad, triangular, apex sclerotised—Tegumen medium-sized. Gnathos arms large, fused, forming slender membranous gnathos. Valvae concave, mostly towards distal third. Saccus semicircular, large. Aedeagus nearly size of valvae, strongly curved, S-shaped. Female unknown.</p><p>Variation. Males (n=13). Wingspan 19–22 mm. Forewing 8.5–10 mm. Forewing colour may vary from light brown to dark brown. Hindwing colour may vary from light grey to dark grey.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin adjective in apposition, meaning confused. In reference to the similar appearance of the new species to other congeners.</p><p>Habitat. Steppes and semideserts with xerophytic vegetation (Fig. 47).</p><p>Distribution. Known from the above-mentioned localities only (Fig. 43).</p><p>Remarks. All specimens were collected at night via light. The biology of the species remains unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF94FFE6FF7CF942FD9B4298.text	03F6B269FF94FFE6FF7CF942FD9B4298.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dyspessa infuscata (Staudinger 1892)	<div><p>Dyspessa infuscata (Staudinger, 1892)</p><p>(Fig. 17)</p><p>Dyspessa infuscata: Yakovlev 2005: 20, pl. 1 (fig. 3) (♂).</p><p>Dyspessa infuscata: Japaridze 2024: 276, figs 3–6 (♂).</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♀; Tbilisi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.7143&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.7278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.7143/lat 41.7278)">Nutsubidze Plateau</a>; N41.7278°, E44.7143°; 621 m a.s.l.; leg. G. Makharadze; 24 April 2024; JLGT • 2♀; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. J. Junillinen; 8 April 2025; JJVF &amp; JLGT .</p><p>Remarks. The species is distributed in Turkey, the Caucasus, Ukraine (Crimea), and Syria (Yakovlev 2011b). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF94FFE6FF7CF942FD9B4298	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678.text	03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dyspessa parvana Japaridze, Makharadze, Seropian 2025	<div><p>Dyspessa parvana Japaridze, Makharadze, Seropian, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0CD3F832-96D6-4C51-ACEF-B1BE840A7250</p><p>(Figs 7, 30–31)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Samtskhe-Javakheti, Aspindza Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.2895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.3827" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.2895/lat 41.3827)">Vardzia</a>; N41.3827°, E43.2895°, 1289 m a.s.l.; light trap; leg. L-G Japaridze; 14 June 2021; gen. prep. LG14 JLGT .</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of the new species differs from those of other congeners by a very small saccus and elongated narrow valvae (Fig. 30). The species externally looks similar to the recently described Dyspess sudoli Saldaitis, Yakovlev, Dobrzanski, Kalashian, Müller, Prozorov 2025, but differs from it also with arms of transtilla, which are blunt in D. parvana sp. nov. (Fig. 30; cf. Saldaitis et al. 2025: figs 14–18, 21–22).</p><p>Description. Male (Figs). Wingspan 25 mm. Antennae half the length of the forewing, bipectinate; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen covered with brown and grey piliform scales, thorax with whitish piliform scales. Forewing 11 mm, with light-brown and white pattern; costal margin narrow with lighter border, outer margin area white, broad white stroke in the middle of the wing and on the distal margin near the base. Hindwing short, covered with blackish scales, lighter at the base. Genitalia (Fig. 30–31). Uncus broad, triangular, apex sclerotised. Tegumen medium-sized. Gnathos weakly developed, with small arms. Arms of transtila blunt. Valvae straight, slightly concave basally; apex membranous, transition line between sclerotised and membranous part poorly visible. Saccus semicircular, very small. Aedeagus nearly size of valvae, slightly curved in median third.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name “parvana ” stands for the Georgian word meaning “moth”.</p><p>Habitat. Dry slopes with xerophytic vegetation, i.e., Allium L.</p><p>Distribution. Type locality only (Fig. 43).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFB14FF2645FE.text	03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFB14FF2645FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dyspessa salicicola Eversmann 1848	<div><p>Dyspessa salicicola Eversmann, 1848</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Dyspessa salicicola: Yakovlev el al. 2022: 695, figs 1–15, 28–33 (♂)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 11♂ 4♀; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani</a> NP; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 21 May 2025; JLGT • 4♂; Tbilisi; leg. LG. Japaridze; 30 June 2025; JLGT • 1♂; Idem; 3 June 2024; JLGT • 1♀; Idem; 13 June 2021; JLGT • 1♂; Idem; 4 May 2021; JLGT • 3♂ 1♀; Dedoplistskaro; leg. LG. Japaridze; 20 June 2023; JLGT • 1♂; Vashlovani NP; leg. E. Didmanidze; 10 April 1975; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 April 1976; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; 23 June 1973; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; 23 June 1974; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; 11 July 1972; SJMG • 1♀; Idem, Datviskhevi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 30 June 1973; SJMG • 2♂; Idem, Eldar; leg. E. Didmanidze; 28 June 1973; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; 30 June 1973; SJMG • 2♂; Idem; 17 June 1973; SJMG • 1♂; Saguramo; leg. E. Didmanidze; 13 July 1966; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; 17 July 1970; SJMG • 1♂; Khando; leg. E. Didmanidze; 14 June 1964; SJMG • 7♂; Adjara, Kintrishi, Meskhikedi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 17 April 1974; SJMG • 2♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.649&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.11" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.649/lat 41.11)">Mijniskure</a>; N41.110°, E46.649°; 100 m a.s.l.; 4–5 May 2023; VLHF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 14 June 2024; VLHF • 5♂ 3♀; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani</a> NP; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 18 May 2023; JJVF • 6♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.30676&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.45197" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.30676/lat 41.45197)">Khertvisi</a>; N 41.45197°, E 043.30676°; 1158 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 13 July 2025; JLGT • 5♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 26 June 2023; VLHF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 26 June 2024; VLHF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 3 July 2023; VLHF • 1♀; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 15 June 2024; VLHF • 2♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 21 June 2024; VLHF .</p><p>Remarks. The species is recorded from the Balkans, Turkey, Ukraine, SW Russia, the South Caucasus, NW China, and Kazakhstan. The host plant is Salix fragilis L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 46.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFB14FF2645FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFF04FB0743A6.text	03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFF04FB0743A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dyspessa tsvetaevi Yakovlev 2008	<div><p>** Dyspessa tsvetaevi Yakovlev, 2008</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>Dyspessa tsvetaevi: Yakovlev 2008a: 61, fig. 10, pl. 4 (fig. 20) (♂)</p><p>Dyspessa tsvetaevi: Alipanah et al. 2021: 26, fig. 8A (♂)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; leg. E. Didmanidze; 31 July 1973; SJMG .</p><p>Remarks. The species is known from Iraq and Iran (Alipanah et al. 2021). Biology remains unknown. This is the first record of D. tsvetaevi from the South Caucasus. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFF04FB0743A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFDAEFBDC41D8.text	03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFDAEFBDC41D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dyspessa ulula Borkhausen 1790	<div><p>Dyspessa ulula Borkhausen, 1790</p><p>(Fig. 18)</p><p>Dyspessa ulula: Yakovlev et al. 2020: 92, fig. 4D; 93, fig. 5C, (♂)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Samtskhe-Javakheti, Akhaltsikhe Mun., near Kartsakhi Lake; leg. JP. Kaitila; 2 July 2019; JLGT • 3♂; Samtskhe-Javakheti, Akhaltsikhe Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.3405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.2578" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.3405/lat 41.2578)">near Kartsakhi Lake</a>; 41.2578, 43.3405; 2050m a.s.l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 9 July 2024; JJVF .</p><p>Remarks. The species is distributed in Southern Europe, the Caucasus, and Iran. In Europe, Allium is recorded as the host plant (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFDAEFBDC41D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFBBCFE2E47E1.text	03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFBBCFE2E47E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holcocerus didmanidzeae Yakovlev 2006	<div><p>Holcocerus didmanidzeae Yakovlev, 2006</p><p>(Figs 10–11)</p><p>Holcocerus didmanidzae: Yakovlev 2006: 14, fig. 5, pl.1 (fig. 10) (♂)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP.; leg. E. Didmanidze; 29 June 1973; SJMG • 1♂; Prov. Tiflis, Distr. Gori, Pag. Bakuriani; leg. V. Kozlovski; 27 July 1917; SJMG .</p><p>Remarks. The species was originally named Holcocerus didmanidzae Yakovlev, 2006, in honour of Georgian lepidopterologist Eter Didmanidze. However, the original paper does not justify the choice of the specific name ending; therefore, we correct it here. The species is currently known from Vashlovani National Park only (Fig. 45). Its biology remains unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFBBCFE2E47E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CF9D5FDB245AC.text	03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CF9D5FDB245AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isoceras huberi Eitschberger & Strohle 1987	<div><p>Isoceras huberi Eitschberger &amp; Ströhle, 1987</p><p>(Fig. 12)</p><p>Isoceras huberi: Eitschberger &amp; Ströhle 1987: 93, figs 1–23 (♂ ♀)</p><p>Isoceras huberi: Alipanah et al. 2021: 30, fig. 9A (♂)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 May 1971; SJMG .</p><p>Remarks. The species is recorded in Turkey, the South Caucasus, and Iran (Alipanah et al. 2021). Its biology remains unknown. In Georgia, it has been recorded from Vashlovani NP only (Fig. 43). The previous report of this species from Meskhet-Javakheti (Didmanidze &amp; Yakovlev 2007) is anecdotal as the museum label of re-examined material indicates Vashlovani NP (Fig. 43).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CF9D5FDB245AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFF4CFBB540CC.text	03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFF4CFBB540CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracossulus thrips (Hubner 1818)	<div><p>Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818)</p><p>(Fig. 13)</p><p>Paracossulus thrips: Alipanah et al. 2021: 58 figs 15D (♂)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani</a> NP; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l; leg. J. Junnilainen; 20 June 2022; JLGT • 1♂ 1♀; Tbilisi, Lisi Lake .; leg. G. Makharadze; 19 June 2021; JLGT • 1♂; Saguramo; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7–17 July 1970; SJMG • 2♂; Vashlovani, Eldar; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 August 1971; SJMG • 1♂; Vashlovani; leg. E. Didmanidze; 28 August 1972; SJMG .</p><p>Remarks. The species is distributed across Ukraine, S Russia, SW Siberia (Yenisey River), Kazakhstan, Turkey, Iran, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Hungary, Bulgaria, and possibly Italy. In the Volga region, Artemisia L. has been recorded as the host plant (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 45.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFF4CFBB540CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFC96FF264735.text	03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFC96FF264735.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parahypopta caestrum (Hubner 1804)	<div><p>Parahypopta caestrum (Hübner, 1804)</p><p>(Fig. 14)</p><p>Parahypopta caestrum: Yakovlev 2007b: 419, figs 13–15 (♂ ♀)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Japaridze</a>; 21 May 2025; JLGT • 1♂; Idem; 21 July 2022; JLGT • 13♂; Khertvisi; N 41.45197°, E 043.30676°; 1158 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.30676&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.45197" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.30676/lat 41.45197)">Japaridze</a>; 13 July 2025; JLGT • 2♂; Vashlovani; leg. E. Didmanidze; 30 June 1973; SJMG • 1♂; Idem; 20 August 1973; SJMG • 1♂; Saguramo; leg. E. Didmanidze; 9–14 July 1970; SJMG • 3♂; Shiomgvime; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 August 1983; SJMG • 1♂; Meskhikedi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 30 July 1974; SJMG • 2♂; Idem; 30 April 1974; SJMG • 1♂; Manglisi; leg. V . Petrov; 30 July 2003; SJMG • 1♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani NP</a>; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 21 May 2023; JJVF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 26June 2023; VLHF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 27 June 2023; VLHF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 3 July 2023; VLHF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 15 June 2024; VLHF • 2♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 21 June 2024; VLHF .</p><p>Remarks. This is a univoltine species of Eurasian origin, occurring primarily in coastal and hilly regions. It is known to specifically infest plants of the genus Asparagus L. (Pistillo et al. 2024). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 46.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFC96FF264735	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC.text	03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stygioides jarii Japaridze, Makharadze, Seropian 2025	<div><p>Stygioides jarii Japaridze, Makharadze, Seropian, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C7263480-158F-4640-8D25-55E4AE4DF0FA</p><p>(Fig. 19, 32–35)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • Holotype. ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; leg. J. Junnilainen &amp; JP. Kaitila; 17 May 2023; gen. prep. LG33 JLGT • Paratypes. 11♂ Idem; JJVF .</p><p>Barcoding. Two specimens submitted to the barcoding pipeline from the collection of Jari Junnilainen (Process IDs ILECA 590-24, ILECA 591-24) yielded nearly identical sequences (BOLD:AGK2552, p -distance 0.15%). The p - distances range between co-occurring S. mirifica sp. nov. and S. jarii sp. nov. (BOLD:AGP9748) is 8.97–9.12%.</p><p>Diagnosis. The males of the new species resemble those of Stygioides italica Mazzei &amp; Yakovlev, 2016 in general appearance, but differ in having a narrower apex of the valvae, longer and broader saccus (Fig. 32; cf. Mazzei &amp; Yakovlev 2016: fig. 5). From the co-occurring Stygioides mirifica sp. nov., it differs by the lack of white scales on the antennae, male genitalia can be well distinguished with less rounded valvae apex and slightly curved aedeagus in Stygioides mirifica sp.nov. (Figs 32–35; cf. Figs 36–37).</p><p>Description. Male (Fig. 19). Wingspan 15 mm. Antennae half the length of the forewing, bipectinate; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen with dense, long grey and black piliform scales, head with white piliform scales. Forewing 6.5 mm, semitranslucent; scarcely covered with blackish scales, more heavily on the margins and the basal area; fringe long, black. Hindwing short, semitranslucent, with blackish scales; rounded anal angle and apex with white scales basally. Genitalia (Figs 32–35). Uncus broad, medium length, rounded apically, sclerotised. Tegumen medium-sized, gnathos arms long, slender, fused, forming a slender membranous gnathos. Valvae lanceolate, narrowing apically, apical third membranous; transition area of sclerotisation between sclerotised and membranous part distinct. Saccus rectangular length nearly as long as width. Aedeagus 2/3 size of valvae, strongly curved in the middle third.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Variation. Males (n=12). Wingspan 13.5–16 mm. Forewing 6–7 mm.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is a patronym of Finnish lepidopterists Jari Junnilainen and Jari-Pekka Kaitila, who collected the type series.</p><p>Habitat. Semidesert.</p><p>Distribution. Type locality only (Fig. 43).</p><p>Remarks. All specimens were attracted and collected via Sesia bembeciformis pheromones. Males’ activity during the afternoon (11:00–15:00). The biology of the species remains unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.text	03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stygioides mirifica Japaridze, Makharadze, Bulbulashvili, Seropian 2025	<div><p>Stygioides mirifica Japaridze, Makharadze, Bulbulashvili, Seropian, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CDCDDAE3-91DF-429F-AEF7-8C0DF6C36A4D</p><p>(Figs 20–22, 36–37)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • Holotype ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani NP</a>; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 26 May 2025; gen. prep. LG34 JLGT • Paratypes: 17♂ 2♀ (CaBOL-IDs 1038097, 1038098, 1038100, 1038096, 1038099); Idem; leg. L-G Japaridze, G. Makharadze, N. Bulbulashvili . 1♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani NP</a>; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. G. Makharadze; 18 May 2024; JLGT ; 1♀ Idem; leg. A. Seropian; 18 May 2024; JLGT ; 1♂ 1♀; Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani NP</a>; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. A. Baznikin; 18 May 2024; BABS .</p><p>Barcoding. We obtained a single sequence from the female specimen CaBOL-ID 1038096 (BOLD: AGP9748).</p><p>Diagnosis. The males of the new species closely resemble Stygioides nupponenorum Yakovlev &amp; Saldaitis, 2011 in appearance, but can be distinguished by the presence of white scales on the antennae and a broader apex of the valvae (Figs 20–21, 36; cf. Yakovlev 2011b: fig. 35). From the co-occurring Stygioides jarii sp. nov., it differs by the presence of white scales on the antennae, narrower apex of valvae, and more curved aedeagus (Figs 36–37; cf. Figs 32–35).</p><p>Description. Male (Figs 20–21). Wingspan 19 mm. Antennae half the length of the forewing bipectinate, covered with white scales; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen densely hirsute, grey-blackish, head with white piliform scales. Forewing 8.5 mm, semitranslucent, scarcely covered with blackish scales, more heavily covered on the margins and the basal area; fringe long, black. Hindwing short, semitranslucent, covered with blackish scales; rounded anal angle and apex. Genitalia (Figs 36–37). Uncus broad, medium length, apically rounded, sclerotised. Tegumen medium-sized. Valvae lanceolate, narrowing apically, apical third membranous; transition area of sclerotisation between sclerotised and membranous part distinct. Saccus semicircular, large. Aedeagus 5/6 size of valvae, slightly curved in the middle third.</p><p>Female (Fig. 22). Wingspan 20 mm. Antennae half the length of the forewing, serrate, black; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen densely hirsute, pitch black. Forewing 9 mm, black, heavily covered with black scales. Hindwing short, semitranslucent, with black scales on the margin. Genitalia as in Fig. 38. Ovipostor long; papiliae analis elongated ellipsoid; aphophyses posteriorly 1.5 longer than anteriorly. Ductus and corupus undiagnosable due to the severe damage during genitalia preparation.</p><p>Eggs (Fig. 54). Pinkish-brown, stuck together firmly, ovoid, around 2 mm in diameter.</p><p>Variation. Males (n=20). Wingspan 18–20 mm. Forewing 8–9 mm. Females (n=4). Wingspan 18–22. Forewing 8–10 mm.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin “mirificus”, meaning wonderful, marvellous, alluding to the unexpected find of the second congener found in Vashlovani NP.</p><p>Habitat. Semidesert (Fig. 48).</p><p>Distribution. Type locality only (Fig. 45).</p><p>Remarks. On 24 May 2025, a single female was captured in flight around 17:00 using a hand net. In a netting enclosure, it became highly active on the ground but did not fly. Introduced males also showed no response to females’ presence, suggesting teneral mating. Of several plants introduced, Allium sp. elicited a marked response: the female repeatedly extended her ovipositor near its stem bases. Transferred to a container with soil and Allium bulbs, the female rapidly inserted the ovipositor into a soil crevice beside a bulb and laid four egg batches (9, 4, 7, and 5 eggs) (Fig. 54). The crevice’s position along the container wall allowed direct observation. The next morning, the female was found dead. Despite three days of fieldwork and ~ 50 males observed, no additional females were found, suggesting brief post-emergence activity followed by low-profile oviposition near the ground, making them far less detectable. The observed behaviour and Allium sp. association point to this genus as the likely larval host. Unlike Stygioides jarii sp. nov., males of S. mirifica sp. nov. showed no response to synthetic Sesia bembeciformis pheromones, alluding to species-specific pheromonal communication.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9EFFE2FF7CFC19FA4C451B.text	03F6B269FF9EFFE2FF7CFC19FA4C451B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cecryphalus strix (Grum-Grshimailo 1895)	<div><p>Cecryphalus strix (Grum-Grshimailo, 1895)</p><p>(Fig. 23)</p><p>Cecryphalus nubila: Yakovlev 2011a: 20, figs 2–4 (♂ ♀)</p><p>Cecryphalus nubila: Yakovlev 2011b: 64, pl. 5, fig. 7 (♂)</p><p>Cecryphalus strix: Yakovlev et al. 2018: 418, figs 5–12, 26–27 (♂ ♀)</p><p>Cecryphalus nubila: Alipanah et al. 2021: 68, fig. 18F (♂)</p><p>Cercyphalus strix: Japaridze 2024: 274, figs 1–2 (♂)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 2♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani</a> NP; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 6 June 2023; JLGT (CaBOL-IDs 1038093, 1038094) • 1♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.9724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.2204" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.9724/lat 41.2204)">Chachuna</a> MR; N41.2204°, E45.9724°; 248 m a.s.l.; leg. A. Seropian; 17 July 2023; JLGT (CaBOL-ID 1038095) • 2♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani</a> NP; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 6 June 2023; JLGT (CaBOL-IDs 1038093, 1038094) • 5♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani</a> NP; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. J. Junnlainen; 27 July 2022; JJVF • 6♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.649&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.11" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.649/lat 41.11)">Mijniskure</a>; N41.110°, E46.649°; 100 m a.s.l.; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 6 July 2023; VLHF • 2♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.649&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.11" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.649/lat 41.11)">Mijniskure</a>; N41.110°, E46.649°; 100 m a.s.l.; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 25–26 June 2023; VLHF • 1♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.971&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.971/lat 41.22)">Chachuna</a> MR; N41.220°, E45.971°; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 23 June 2023; VLHF • 1♂; Chachuna, Dalis Mta Reservoir; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo, K-P. Kaitila, L-G. Japaridze; 18 June 2022; VLHF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo, J-P. Kaitila, L-G. Japaridze; 20 June 2022; VLHF • 3♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 26 June 2023; VLHF • 2♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 27 June 2024; VLHF • 1♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 3 July 2023; VLHF .</p><p>Barcoding. We obtained three nearly identical sequences from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1038093, 1038094, and 1038095 (BOLD:ABX1047, max. p -distance 0.3%). The best matches to our specimens in BOLD Systems were two specimens from David Gareji (Georgia) identified as Zeuzera AH 01Gg and Zeuzera (BOLD: ABX1047, max. p -distances 0.3–0.35% subsequently), and Cecryphalus strix from Vashlovani NP (Georgia) (BOLD:ABX1047, max. p -distance 0.46%). This supports assigning the David Gareji specimens to C. strix .</p><p>Remarks. The species is known to occur in the South Caucasus, Central Asia, S Mongolia, NW China, and N Iran (Japaridze 2024). The host plant and immature stages are unknown. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 46.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF9EFFE2FF7CFC19FA4C451B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE1FF7CFF4CFBEA4011.text	03F6B269FF9DFFE1FF7CFF4CFBEA4011.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phragmataecia castaneae (Hubner 1790)	<div><p>Phragmataecia castaneae (Hübner, 1790)</p><p>(Fig. 15)</p><p>Phragmataecia castaneae: Alipanah et al. 2021: 71, fig. 24D (♂)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 3♂; Poti, Kolkheti NP .; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. E. Didmanidze; 27 July 1980; SJMG • 1♂; Chachuna MR, Dalis Mta Reservoir; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 23 June 2024; VLHF • 1♂ 1♀; Chachuna MR, Dalis Mta Reservoir; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo, J-P. Kaitila, L-G. Japaridze; 18 June 2022; VLHF .</p><p>Remarks. The species is known to occur across Europe, including S England, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and south of W Siberia. Recorded host plants include Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Typha latifolia L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF9DFFE1FF7CFF4CFBEA4011	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.text	03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phragmataecia ignota Japaridze, Makharadze, Seropian 2025	<div><p>Phragmataecia ignota Japaridze, Makharadze, Seropian, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9B9297DF-7E96-4CEA-8EC7-38415433AACD</p><p>(Figs 24, 39–42)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani NP</a>; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 26 May 2025; gen. prep. LG35 JLGT • Paratypes 1♂; Idem; 12♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani</a> NP, N41.1183°, E46.6405°, 114 m a.s.l., leg. J. Junnilainen; 26 June 2022, JLGT &amp; JJHF ; 1♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani</a> NP, N41.1183°, E46.6405°, 114 m a.s.l., leg. J. Junnilainen; 21 June 2022, JJHF ; 2♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani</a> NP, N41.1183°, E46.6405°, 114 m a.s.l., leg. J. Junnilainen;, 24 June 2022, JJHF ; 1♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo, 25 June 2023, VLHF ; 1♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo, 4–5 July 2023, VLHF ; 1♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo, 14 June 2024, VLHF ; 1♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo, 15 Jume 2024, VLHF ; 1♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo, 17 June 2024, VLHF ; 2♂ Chachuna MR, Dalis Mta Reservoir; 21 June 2021, JLGT (CaBOL-IDs 1038589, 1038590) .</p><p>Barcoding. We obtained two identical sequences from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1038589, 1038590 (BOLD:ADM7968), with the best match in BOLD Systems being unidentified Zeuzerinae from David Gareji (Georgia) (BOLD:ADM7968, p -distance 0.16%), presumably belonging to the herein described species. The second-best match was unidentified Phragmataecia from Taiwan (BOLD:AAY5999, p -distance 5.78%).</p><p>Diagnosis. By the conformation of genitalia, the males of the new species are closest to P. valikhanovi Yakovlev &amp; Witt, 2016 from Kazakhstan, from which they differ by the absence of black scales on the ventral side of both the forewings and hindwings and overall darker coloration on the dorsal side and sharper apex of valvae and stronger curve of aedeagus. (Figs 24, 39–42; cf. Yakovlev &amp; Witt 2016: figs. 1–4, figs 10–11). From those of occurring in the Caucasus congeners as follows: from P. castaneae by the absence of wing pattern, presence of longitudinal series of tiny dark points between veins medially, shorter uncus, and sharper saccus (Figs 24, 39, 40; cf. Yakovlev &amp; Snegovaya 2020: fig. 2b); from P. effendi Yakovlev &amp; Snegovaya, 2020, by sharper apex, thinner valvae, and differently shaped aedeagus (Figs 39–42; cf. Yakovlev &amp; Snegovaya 2020: fig. 2a); from P. pacifica Yakovlev, 2007, by relatively straight aedeagus and straighter posterior margin of valvae (Figs 39–42; cf. Yakovlev 2007a: figs 9; Yakovlev &amp; Witt, 2016: fig. 9); from newly described P. durska Saldaitis, Yakovlev &amp; Prozorov, 2025 by straighter aedeagus and narrower valvae (Figs 39–42; cf. Saldaitis et al. 2025: figs 18–19).</p><p>Description. Male (Fig. 24). Wingspan 40 mm. Antennae 1/3 of the length of the forewing; rami gradually elongate in basal third of antennae, rapidly shorten in distal half of medial thirds of antennae, and barely pronounced until the tip; flagellum and rami covered with white-brounish scales. Head, thorax, and abdomen densely hirsute, brown-greish. Forewing 17.5 mm; narrow, long, with protruded obtuse anal and tornal angles, rounded apex; brown-greish coloured with sparse blackish scales. Hindwing triangular; rounded anal angle and apex; light brow-whitish colour, lighter in the basal costal area. Genitalia as in Figs 39–42. Uncus triangular with lateral concavities; apex blunt, beak-shaped, sclerotised. Tegumen narrow, concave. Vinculum narrow, ventrally expands into triangular saccus with round apex. Valva dorsally straight, concave near sacculus; apex sharp. Aedeagus slightly longer than valvae slightly curved in medium third.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Pupae (Fig. 53). Length 20 mm, width 4 mm; brown.</p><p>Variation. Males (n=6). Wingspan 38–52 mm. Forewing 17–24 mm.</p><p>Etymology. From Latin “ ignotus ” meaning “unnoticed”, alluding to the species being previously overlooked.</p><p>Habitat. All specimens were collected along riverbanks abundant with Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (Fig. 49).</p><p>Distribution. Above-mentioned localities only (Fig. 43).</p><p>Remarks. During the May 2025 expedition to the species’ type locality, numerous Phragmites stems were collected, yielding a single pupa, found near the base of the stem (Fig. 53). It was notably active, moving up and down using abdominal contractions. The eggs and larval stages of this species remain unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF83FFFFFF7CFB3BFC9045B5.text	03F6B269FF83FFFFFF7CFB3BFC9045B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus 1761)	<div><p>Zeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761)</p><p>(Fig. 25)</p><p>Zeuzera pyrina: Alipanah et al. 2021: 73, fig. 21F (♂)</p><p>Material examined. GEORGIA • 1♂; Shida Kartli, Gori Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.3489&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.029" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.3489/lat 42.029)">Kodistskaro</a>; N42.0290°, E44.3489; 776 m a.s.l.; steppe; 26 July 2022; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; ISUT • ♂; Adjara, Batumi, Mtirala NP; leg. JP . Kaitila; 28 June 2022; JLGT • 1♀; Shida Kartli, Kaspi; 3 July 2021; JLGT • 1♂; Tbilisi; 1 July 1936; SJMG • 1♂; Minadze; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 July 1964; SJMG • 5♂; Uraveli; leg. E. Didmanidze; 25 July 1964; SJMG • 4♂; Saguramo; leg. E. Didmanidze; 14 July 1966; SJMG • 1♂; Ajameti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 July 1980; SJMG • 1♂; Kurzu; leg. E. Didmanidze; 4 July 1964; SJMG • 1♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.248&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.248/lat 41.775)">Kvabiskhevi</a>; N41.775°, E43.248°; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 10 July 2019; VLHF • 1♂; Choloki forest; leg. A. Baznikin; 6 July 2023; BABS • 2♂; Kobuleti; leg. A. Baznikin; 16 June 2023; BABS • 1♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.6405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.6405/lat 41.1183)">Vashlovani NP</a>; N41.1183°, E46.6405°; 114 m a.s.l.; leg. J. Junnlainen; 19 May 2023; JJVF • 1♂; Dedoplistskaro, Vashlovani NP .; leg. A. &amp; L. Vähätalo; 25 June 2024; VLHF .</p><p>Barcoding. A single sequence obtained from the specimen CaBOL-ID 1027726 (BOLD:AAD8444) had the best match with Z. pyrina from Corsica (BOLD:AAD8444, p -distance 0.46%).</p><p>Remarks. The species is widely distributed across Europe, including south England, as well as in north and central Africa, central Asia, the Caucasus, and Asia Minor. Introduced to North America. A broad range of host plants has been recorded, including Fraxinus excelsior L., Viscum album L., Ligustrum spp., Malus spp., Prunus spp., Quercus spp., Betula spp., Aesculus spp., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Ulmus spp., Crataegus spp., Salix spp., Populus tremula L., Acer spp., Carpinus betulus L., Fagus sylvatica L., Viburnum spp., Tilia spp., Frangula alnus Mill., Lonicera spp., Ribes spp., Pyrus spp., Sorbus aucuparia L., Corylus spp., Platanus spp., Castanea spp., Tamarix spp., Mahonia spp., Spiraea spp., Syringa spp., Sambucus spp., Cornus spp., and Ilex aquifolium L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6B269FF83FFFFFF7CFB3BFC9045B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi;Makharadze, Giorgi;Bulbulashvili, Natalia;Hulsbosch, Ramon;Petrov, Valeri;Seropian, Armen	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
