taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F6B269FF91FFEDFF7CFA34FC0445DD.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF91FFEDFF7CFA34FC0445DD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 3 ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 26 May 2025; JLGT • 1 ♂; Tbilisi, Mama Daviti; 1 July 1963; leg. E. Didmanidze; SJMG • 1 ♂; Ushguli; leg. E. Didmanidze; 16 June 1982; SJMG • 1 ♂; Barisakho; leg. E. Didmanidze; 27 May 1970; SJMG • 1 ♂; Gardabani; leg. E. Didmanidze; 20 May 1972; SJMG • 1 ♂; Borjomi; 19 May 1899; SJMG • 2 ♂; Kvabiskhevi; N 41.775 °, E 46.248 °; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 10 July 2019; VLHF • 8 ♂, 1 ♀; Mijniskure; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 18 May 2023; JJVF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 14 June 2024; VLHF.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF91FFEDFF7CFA34FC0445DD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is widespread across Eurasia. It inhabits forest-steppe zones, shrub-arboreal communities, mountain xerophytic associations, and arid parklands. In Europe, recorded host plants include Populus nigra L. and P. alba L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF97FFEBFF7CFF4CFBDF4464.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF97FFEBFF7CFF4CFBDF4464.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Khertvisi; N 41.45197 °, E 043.30676 °; 1158 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 13 July 2025; JLGT • 1 ♀; Mukhura; 16.08.2022 ISUT • 1 ♂; Pasanauri; leg. J. Junnilainen; 3 July 2022; JLGT • 1 ♀; Shakhvetila; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 4 June 2022; JLGT • 1 ♂; Sairme; 21 July 1981; leg. E. Didmanidze; SJMG • 3 ♂; Poti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 July 1980; SJMG • 1 ♂; Lagodekhi; leg. Litvinov; 28 April 1957; SJMG • 2 ♂; Aspindza; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 August 1973; SJMG • 1 ♂; Bakhmaro; leg. E. Didmanidze; 17 July 1983; SJMG • 1 ♂; Tusheti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 August 1980; SJMG • 1 ♂; Adjara, Chkhutuneti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 June 1969; SJMG • 1 ♂; Adjara, Tsvermagala; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 July 1969; SJMG • 1 ♂; Chkhorotsku; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 June 1988; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; 7 June 1968; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; 6 June 1969; SJMG • 2 ♂; Tsoniarisi, Keda; leg. E. Didmanidze; 18 June 1969; SJMG • 1 ♀; Shuapkho; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 July 1981; SJMG • 1 ♂; Dmanisi, Kakliani; leg. E. Didmanidze; 20 July 1966; SJMG • 1 ♂; Tsalendjikha; leg. E. Didmanidze; 19 June 1968; SJMG • 9 ♂; Salkhino; leg. Vashakidze; 26 June 1962; SJMG • 1 ♂; Ukana Pshavi, Shuapkho; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 June 1981; SJMG • 1 ♂; Lagodekhi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 5 August 1988; SJMG • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Sairme; leg. E. Didmanidze; 22 July 1981; SJMG • 1 ♂; Akhaltsikhe; leg. E. Didmanidze; 16 June 1964; SJMG • 1 ♂; Kintrishi; leg. E. Didmanidze; June 1979; SJMG • 2 ♂; Meskhikedi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 17 April 1974; SJMG • 1 ♂; Shatili; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 August 1987; SJMG • 1 ♂; Tbilisi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 1 July 1963; SJMG • 2 ♂; Borjomi, Likani; leg. Vasilin; 6 July 1914; SJMG • 1 ♂; Batsara-Babaneuri; leg. E. Didmanidze; 10 June 1982; SJMG • 2 ♂; Dmanisi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 18 July 1966; SJMG • 1 ♂; Barisakho; 15 June 1939; SJMG • 3 ♂; Zugdidi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 26 April 1968; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; 27 June 1968; SJMG • 1 ♂; Chkhutuneti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 4 June 1969; SJMG • 1 ♂; Kintrishi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 11 July 1968; SJMG • 1 ♂; Tbilisi, Mama Daviti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 17 July 1963; SJMG • 1 ♂; Akhaltsikhe, Minadze; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 July 1964; SJMG • 2 ♂; Java, Tandiberdi; leg. Chikvishvili; 7 August 1945; SJMG • 1 ♂; Tamakoni; leg. Vashakidze; 2 July 1962; SJMG • 1 ♂; Sarkineti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 25 July 1966; SJMG • 1 ♂; Batumi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 8 April 1970; SJMG • 1 ♂; Bakuriani; leg. V. Kozlovski; 13 July 1919; SJMG • 1 ♂; Kobuleti; leg. A. Baznikin; 17 May 2023; BABS • 4 ♂; Kveda Kvirike; leg. A. Baznikin; 2 June 2023; BABS • 2 ♂; Kobuleti; leg. A. Baznikin; 22 June 2023; BABS. Barcoding: We obtained a single barcode (BOLD: AAE 4069) from the specimen BGE _ 00661 _ H 03 from Mukhura, with the closest matches in BOLD Systems being C. cossus from Finland and Romania (BOLD: AAE 4069, p - distance 0.91 %).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF97FFEBFF7CFF4CFBDF4464.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is widely distributed across much of Eurasia, as well as in Korea, Japan, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Reported host plants include species from the following genera: Cydonia Mill., Malus L., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Cerasus L., Olea L., Fraxinus L., Morus L., Hippophae L., Elaeagnus L., Populus L., Platanus L., Salix L., Betula L., Alnus L., Sorbus L., Tilia L., Fagus L., Quercus L., Acer L., Ulmus L., Vitis L., Aesculus L., Sambucus L., Diospyros L., Citrus L., Caragana Fabr., Lonicera L., Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., and Juglans regia L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 45.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF97FFEAFF7CF951FE554298.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF97FFEAFF7CF951FE554298.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Shida Kartli, Saguramo Reserve; 1000 – 1200 m a. s. l.; leg. E. A. Didmanidze; 24 August 1970; SJMG • 1 ♂; Shiomgvime; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 July 1983; SJMG • 1 ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 25 July 2022; JJVF.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF97FFEAFF7CF951FE554298.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is found in the Caucasus and Central Asia, Russia (Volga and South Ural regions). The reported host plants are Tamarix L. and Caragana Lam. (Yakovlev 2006, Yakovlev & Witt 2017). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFEB4FAC14016.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFEB4FAC14016.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Chachuna MR; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 2 June 2022; JLGT • 1 ♂; Vashlovani NP, Mijniskure; N 41.110 °, E 46.649 °; 100 m a. s. l.; leg: A. & L. Vähätalo; 4 – 5 May 2023; VLHF.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFEB4FAC14016.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is found in Russia and Kazakhstan (Yakovlev 2006). Biology remains unknown. We report this species from the South Caucasus for the first time. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFD66FA9946DC.taxon	description	(Fig. 16)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFD66FA9946DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Dedoplistksaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1194 °, E 46.6097 °; 460 m a. s. l.; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; 16 April 2022; JLGT (CaBOL-ID 1023789). Barcoding: We obtained the first barcode of the species from the specimen CaBOL-ID 1023789 (BOLD: AGY 7802), which showed no significant match with any existing barcoded species in BOLD Systems.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFD66FA9946DC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is recorded from Turkey, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, Israel, Iran, and Georgia (Japaridze 2024). The host plant, eggs, and larvae remain unknown. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFAB8FB014476.taxon	description	(Figs 5, 28 – 29)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFAB8FB014476.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 4 ♂; Adjara, Meskhikedi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 16 April 2022; SJMG.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFEAFF7CFAB8FB014476.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is recorded from Turkey and Syria (Yakovlev 2011 b). Biology remains unknown. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43. This is the first record of the species in the South Caucasus.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: C 23123 B 2 - FE 90 - 48 D 5 - 8464 - 1 B 81 A 114 E 426 (Figs 6, 26 – 27)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • Holotype ♂; Samtskhe-Javakheti, Aspindza Mun., Khertvisi Vill.; N 41.45197 °, E 043.30676 °; 1158 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 13 July 2025; gen. prep. LG 13 JLGT • Paratypes 1 ♂; leg G. Makharadze; 2 April 2022; JLGT; 7 ♂; same data as holotype, CaBOL-IDs 1009959, 1009960; 4 ♂; same data as holotype, BABS. Barcoding. We obtained two identical barcodes from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1009959, 1009960 (BOLD: AGV 7318). The best match in BOLD Systems was a pair of unidentified Dyspessa collected in April 2024 by Lukasz Matuszewski from Vashlovani NP, and the same location as our barcoded specimens. Given the nearly identical COI barcoding results (max. p - distance 0.3 %), we assume these specimens also belong to the herein described species.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The males of the new species closely resemble those of Dyspessa aurora Yakovlev, 2008 a in appearance, but differ in having more concave valvae and an S-shaped, curved aedeagus (Figs 26 – 27; cf. Yakovlev 2008 a: fig. 1). From other local congeners, they are easily distinguished by the wing pattern.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.taxon	description	Description. Male (Fig. 6). Wingspan 21 mm. Antennae nearly 2 / 3 of the length of the forewing, bipectinate, covered with white scales; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen covered in long brown-whitish, thorax with pair of black longitudinal lateral lines of piliform scales. Forewing 9 mm, light brown with irregular white pattern; costal margin narrow with lighter border, outer margin area white, postdiscal area with small wedge-shaped white spot in radial zone, broad white stroke between M 3 and CuA 2, M-Cu cell completely occupied with white irregular white area extending posteriorly. Hindwing short, covered with blackish scales, lighter at the base. Genitalia (Figs 26 – 27). Uncus broad, triangular, apex sclerotised — Tegumen medium-sized. Gnathos arms large, fused, forming slender membranous gnathos. Valvae concave, mostly towards distal third. Saccus semicircular, large. Aedeagus nearly size of valvae, strongly curved, S-shaped. Female unknown. Variation. Males (n = 13). Wingspan 19 – 22 mm. Forewing 8.5 – 10 mm. Forewing colour may vary from light brown to dark brown. Hindwing colour may vary from light grey to dark grey.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin adjective in apposition, meaning confused. In reference to the similar appearance of the new species to other congeners.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. Steppes and semideserts with xerophytic vegetation (Fig. 47).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the above-mentioned localities only (Fig. 43).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF96FFE8FF7CF91DFA9C44C1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All specimens were collected at night via light. The biology of the species remains unknown.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF94FFE6FF7CF942FD9B4298.taxon	description	(Fig. 17)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF94FFE6FF7CF942FD9B4298.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♀; Tbilisi, Nutsubidze Plateau; N 41.7278 °, E 44.7143 °; 621 m a. s. l.; leg. G. Makharadze; 24 April 2024; JLGT • 2 ♀; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. J. Junillinen; 8 April 2025; JJVF & JLGT.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF94FFE6FF7CF942FD9B4298.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is distributed in Turkey, the Caucasus, Ukraine (Crimea), and Syria (Yakovlev 2011 b). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 0 CD 3 F 832 - 96 D 6 - 4 C 51 - ACEF-B 1 BE 840 A 7250 (Figs 7, 30 – 31)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Samtskhe-Javakheti, Aspindza Mun., Vardzia; N 41.3827 °, E 43.2895 °, 1289 m a. s. l.; light trap; leg. L-G Japaridze; 14 June 2021; gen. prep. LG 14 JLGT.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of the new species differs from those of other congeners by a very small saccus and elongated narrow valvae (Fig. 30). The species externally looks similar to the recently described Dyspess sudoli Saldaitis, Yakovlev, Dobrzanski, Kalashian, Müller, Prozorov 2025, but differs from it also with arms of transtilla, which are blunt in D. parvana sp. nov. (Fig. 30; cf. Saldaitis et al. 2025: figs 14 – 18, 21 – 22).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs). Wingspan 25 mm. Antennae half the length of the forewing, bipectinate; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen covered with brown and grey piliform scales, thorax with whitish piliform scales. Forewing 11 mm, with light-brown and white pattern; costal margin narrow with lighter border, outer margin area white, broad white stroke in the middle of the wing and on the distal margin near the base. Hindwing short, covered with blackish scales, lighter at the base. Genitalia (Fig. 30 – 31). Uncus broad, triangular, apex sclerotised. Tegumen medium-sized. Gnathos weakly developed, with small arms. Arms of transtila blunt. Valvae straight, slightly concave basally; apex membranous, transition line between sclerotised and membranous part poorly visible. Saccus semicircular, very small. Aedeagus nearly size of valvae, slightly curved in median third. Female unknown.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ parvana ” stands for the Georgian word meaning “ moth ”.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. Dry slopes with xerophytic vegetation, i. e., Allium L.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFEB4FD6A4678.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Type locality only (Fig. 43).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFB14FF2645FE.taxon	description	(Fig. 8) Dyspessa salicicola: Yakovlev el al. 2022: 695, figs 1 – 15, 28 – 33 (♂)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFB14FF2645FE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 11 ♂ 4 ♀; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 21 May 2025; JLGT • 4 ♂; Tbilisi; leg. LG. Japaridze; 30 June 2025; JLGT • 1 ♂; Idem; 3 June 2024; JLGT • 1 ♀; Idem; 13 June 2021; JLGT • 1 ♂; Idem; 4 May 2021; JLGT • 3 ♂ 1 ♀; Dedoplistskaro; leg. LG. Japaridze; 20 June 2023; JLGT • 1 ♂; Vashlovani NP; leg. E. Didmanidze; 10 April 1975; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 April 1976; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; 23 June 1973; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; 23 June 1974; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; 11 July 1972; SJMG • 1 ♀; Idem, Datviskhevi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 30 June 1973; SJMG • 2 ♂; Idem, Eldar; leg. E. Didmanidze; 28 June 1973; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; 30 June 1973; SJMG • 2 ♂; Idem; 17 June 1973; SJMG • 1 ♂; Saguramo; leg. E. Didmanidze; 13 July 1966; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; 17 July 1970; SJMG • 1 ♂; Khando; leg. E. Didmanidze; 14 June 1964; SJMG • 7 ♂; Adjara, Kintrishi, Meskhikedi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 17 April 1974; SJMG • 2 ♂; Mijniskure; N 41.110 °, E 46.649 °; 100 m a. s. l.; 4 – 5 May 2023; VLHF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 14 June 2024; VLHF • 5 ♂ 3 ♀; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 18 May 2023; JJVF • 6 ♂; Khertvisi; N 41.45197 °, E 043.30676 °; 1158 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 13 July 2025; JLGT • 5 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 26 June 2023; VLHF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 26 June 2024; VLHF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 3 July 2023; VLHF • 1 ♀; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 15 June 2024; VLHF • 2 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 21 June 2024; VLHF.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9AFFE6FF7CFB14FF2645FE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is recorded from the Balkans, Turkey, Ukraine, SW Russia, the South Caucasus, NW China, and Kazakhstan. The host plant is Salix fragilis L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 46.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFF04FB0743A6.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFF04FB0743A6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; leg. E. Didmanidze; 31 July 1973; SJMG.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFF04FB0743A6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is known from Iraq and Iran (Alipanah et al. 2021). Biology remains unknown. This is the first record of D. tsvetaevi from the South Caucasus. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 44.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFDAEFBDC41D8.taxon	description	(Fig. 18)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFDAEFBDC41D8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Samtskhe-Javakheti, Akhaltsikhe Mun., near Kartsakhi Lake; leg. JP. Kaitila; 2 July 2019; JLGT • 3 ♂; Samtskhe-Javakheti, Akhaltsikhe Mun., near Kartsakhi Lake; 41.2578, 43.3405; 2050 m a. s. l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 9 July 2024; JJVF.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFDAEFBDC41D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is distributed in Southern Europe, the Caucasus, and Iran. In Europe, Allium is recorded as the host plant (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFBBCFE2E47E1.taxon	description	(Figs 10 – 11)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFBBCFE2E47E1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP.; leg. E. Didmanidze; 29 June 1973; SJMG • 1 ♂; Prov. Tiflis, Distr. Gori, Pag. Bakuriani; leg. V. Kozlovski; 27 July 1917; SJMG.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CFBBCFE2E47E1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was originally named Holcocerus didmanidzae Yakovlev, 2006, in honour of Georgian lepidopterologist Eter Didmanidze. However, the original paper does not justify the choice of the specific name ending; therefore, we correct it here. The species is currently known from Vashlovani National Park only (Fig. 45). Its biology remains unknown.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CF9D5FDB245AC.taxon	description	(Fig. 12)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CF9D5FDB245AC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 May 1971; SJMG.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF99FFE5FF7CF9D5FDB245AC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is recorded in Turkey, the South Caucasus, and Iran (Alipanah et al. 2021). Its biology remains unknown. In Georgia, it has been recorded from Vashlovani NP only (Fig. 43). The previous report of this species from Meskhet-Javakheti (Didmanidze & Yakovlev 2007) is anecdotal as the museum label of re-examined material indicates Vashlovani NP (Fig. 43).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFF4CFBB540CC.taxon	description	(Fig. 13)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFF4CFBB540CC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l; leg. J. Junnilainen; 20 June 2022; JLGT • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Tbilisi, Lisi Lake.; leg. G. Makharadze; 19 June 2021; JLGT • 1 ♂; Saguramo; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 – 17 July 1970; SJMG • 2 ♂; Vashlovani, Eldar; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 August 1971; SJMG • 1 ♂; Vashlovani; leg. E. Didmanidze; 28 August 1972; SJMG.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFF4CFBB540CC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is distributed across Ukraine, S Russia, SW Siberia (Yenisey River), Kazakhstan, Turkey, Iran, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Hungary, Bulgaria, and possibly Italy. In the Volga region, Artemisia L. has been recorded as the host plant (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 45.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFC96FF264735.taxon	description	(Fig. 14)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFC96FF264735.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 21 May 2025; JLGT • 1 ♂; Idem; 21 July 2022; JLGT • 13 ♂; Khertvisi; N 41.45197 °, E 043.30676 °; 1158 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G. Japaridze; 13 July 2025; JLGT • 2 ♂; Vashlovani; leg. E. Didmanidze; 30 June 1973; SJMG • 1 ♂; Idem; 20 August 1973; SJMG • 1 ♂; Saguramo; leg. E. Didmanidze; 9 – 14 July 1970; SJMG • 3 ♂; Shiomgvime; leg. E. Didmanidze; 7 August 1983; SJMG • 1 ♂; Meskhikedi; leg. E. Didmanidze; 30 July 1974; SJMG • 2 ♂; Idem; 30 April 1974; SJMG • 1 ♂; Manglisi; leg. V. Petrov; 30 July 2003; SJMG • 1 ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. J. Junnilainen; 21 May 2023; JJVF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 26 June 2023; VLHF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 27 June 2023; VLHF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 3 July 2023; VLHF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 15 June 2024; VLHF • 2 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 21 June 2024; VLHF.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE4FF7CFC96FF264735.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a univoltine species of Eurasian origin, occurring primarily in coastal and hilly regions. It is known to specifically infest plants of the genus Asparagus L. (Pistillo et al. 2024). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 46.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC.taxon	description	(Fig. 19, 32 – 35)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • Holotype. ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; leg. J. Junnilainen & JP. Kaitila; 17 May 2023; gen. prep. LG 33 JLGT • Paratypes. 11 ♂ Idem; JJVF. Barcoding. Two specimens submitted to the barcoding pipeline from the collection of Jari Junnilainen (Process IDs ILECA 590 - 24, ILECA 591 - 24) yielded nearly identical sequences (BOLD: AGK 2552, p - distance 0.15 %). The p - distances range between co-occurring S. mirifica sp. nov. and S. jarii sp. nov. (BOLD: AGP 9748) is 8.97 – 9.12 %.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The males of the new species resemble those of Stygioides italica Mazzei & Yakovlev, 2016 in general appearance, but differ in having a narrower apex of the valvae, longer and broader saccus (Fig. 32; cf. Mazzei & Yakovlev 2016: fig. 5). From the co-occurring Stygioides mirifica sp. nov., it differs by the lack of white scales on the antennae, male genitalia can be well distinguished with less rounded valvae apex and slightly curved aedeagus in Stygioides mirifica sp. nov. (Figs 32 – 35; cf. Figs 36 – 37).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC.taxon	description	Description. Male (Fig. 19). Wingspan 15 mm. Antennae half the length of the forewing, bipectinate; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen with dense, long grey and black piliform scales, head with white piliform scales. Forewing 6.5 mm, semitranslucent; scarcely covered with blackish scales, more heavily on the margins and the basal area; fringe long, black. Hindwing short, semitranslucent, with blackish scales; rounded anal angle and apex with white scales basally. Genitalia (Figs 32 – 35). Uncus broad, medium length, rounded apically, sclerotised. Tegumen medium-sized, gnathos arms long, slender, fused, forming a slender membranous gnathos. Valvae lanceolate, narrowing apically, apical third membranous; transition area of sclerotisation between sclerotised and membranous part distinct. Saccus rectangular length nearly as long as width. Aedeagus 2 / 3 size of valvae, strongly curved in the middle third. Female unknown. Variation. Males (n = 12). Wingspan 13.5 – 16 mm. Forewing 6 – 7 mm.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is a patronym of Finnish lepidopterists Jari Junnilainen and Jari-Pekka Kaitila, who collected the type series. Habitat. Semidesert.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Type locality only (Fig. 43).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF98FFE3FF7CF997FBE640BC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All specimens were attracted and collected via Sesia bembeciformis pheromones. Males’ activity during the afternoon (11: 00 – 15: 00). The biology of the species remains unknown.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: CDCDDAE 3 - 91 DF- 429 F-AEF 7 - 8 C 0 DF 6 C 36 A 4 D (Figs 20 – 22, 36 – 37)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • Holotype ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 26 May 2025; gen. prep. LG 34 JLGT • Paratypes: 17 ♂ 2 ♀ (CaBOL-IDs 1038097, 1038098, 1038100, 1038096, 1038099); Idem; leg. L-G Japaridze, G. Makharadze, N. Bulbulashvili. 1 ♂; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. G. Makharadze; 18 May 2024; JLGT; 1 ♀ Idem; leg. A. Seropian; 18 May 2024; JLGT; 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. A. Baznikin; 18 May 2024; BABS. Barcoding. We obtained a single sequence from the female specimen CaBOL-ID 1038096 (BOLD: AGP 9748).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The males of the new species closely resemble Stygioides nupponenorum Yakovlev & Saldaitis, 2011 in appearance, but can be distinguished by the presence of white scales on the antennae and a broader apex of the valvae (Figs 20 – 21, 36; cf. Yakovlev 2011 b: fig. 35). From the co-occurring Stygioides jarii sp. nov., it differs by the presence of white scales on the antennae, narrower apex of valvae, and more curved aedeagus (Figs 36 – 37; cf. Figs 32 – 35).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs 20 – 21). Wingspan 19 mm. Antennae half the length of the forewing bipectinate, covered with white scales; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen densely hirsute, grey-blackish, head with white piliform scales. Forewing 8.5 mm, semitranslucent, scarcely covered with blackish scales, more heavily covered on the margins and the basal area; fringe long, black. Hindwing short, semitranslucent, covered with blackish scales; rounded anal angle and apex. Genitalia (Figs 36 – 37). Uncus broad, medium length, apically rounded, sclerotised. Tegumen medium-sized. Valvae lanceolate, narrowing apically, apical third membranous; transition area of sclerotisation between sclerotised and membranous part distinct. Saccus semicircular, large. Aedeagus 5 / 6 size of valvae, slightly curved in the middle third. Female (Fig. 22). Wingspan 20 mm. Antennae half the length of the forewing, serrate, black; rami short. Head, thorax, and abdomen densely hirsute, pitch black. Forewing 9 mm, black, heavily covered with black scales. Hindwing short, semitranslucent, with black scales on the margin. Genitalia as in Fig. 38. Ovipostor long; papiliae analis elongated ellipsoid; aphophyses posteriorly 1.5 longer than anteriorly. Ductus and corupus undiagnosable due to the severe damage during genitalia preparation. Eggs (Fig. 54). Pinkish-brown, stuck together firmly, ovoid, around 2 mm in diameter. Variation. Males (n = 20). Wingspan 18 – 20 mm. Forewing 8 – 9 mm. Females (n = 4). Wingspan 18 – 22. Forewing 8 – 10 mm.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin “ mirificus ”, meaning wonderful, marvellous, alluding to the unexpected find of the second congener found in Vashlovani NP.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. Semidesert (Fig. 48).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Type locality only (Fig. 45).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9FFFE2FF7CFCD1FC6140E4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. On 24 May 2025, a single female was captured in flight around 17: 00 using a hand net. In a netting enclosure, it became highly active on the ground but did not fly. Introduced males also showed no response to females’ presence, suggesting teneral mating. Of several plants introduced, Allium sp. elicited a marked response: the female repeatedly extended her ovipositor near its stem bases. Transferred to a container with soil and Allium bulbs, the female rapidly inserted the ovipositor into a soil crevice beside a bulb and laid four egg batches (9, 4, 7, and 5 eggs) (Fig. 54). The crevice’s position along the container wall allowed direct observation. The next morning, the female was found dead. Despite three days of fieldwork and ~ 50 males observed, no additional females were found, suggesting brief post-emergence activity followed by low-profile oviposition near the ground, making them far less detectable. The observed behaviour and Allium sp. association point to this genus as the likely larval host. Unlike Stygioides jarii sp. nov., males of S. mirifica sp. nov. showed no response to synthetic Sesia bembeciformis pheromones, alluding to species-specific pheromonal communication.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9EFFE2FF7CFC19FA4C451B.taxon	description	(Fig. 23)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9EFFE2FF7CFC19FA4C451B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 2 ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 6 June 2023; JLGT (CaBOL-IDs 1038093, 1038094) • 1 ♂; Chachuna MR; N 41.2204 °, E 45.9724 °; 248 m a. s. l.; leg. A. Seropian; 17 July 2023; JLGT (CaBOL-ID 1038095) • 2 ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 6 June 2023; JLGT (CaBOL-IDs 1038093, 1038094) • 5 ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. J. Junnlainen; 27 July 2022; JJVF • 6 ♂; Mijniskure; N 41.110 °, E 46.649 °; 100 m a. s. l.; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 6 July 2023; VLHF • 2 ♂; Mijniskure; N 41.110 °, E 46.649 °; 100 m a. s. l.; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 25 – 26 June 2023; VLHF • 1 ♂; Chachuna MR; N 41.220 °, E 45.971 °; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 23 June 2023; VLHF • 1 ♂; Chachuna, Dalis Mta Reservoir; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo, K-P. Kaitila, L-G. Japaridze; 18 June 2022; VLHF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo, J-P. Kaitila, L-G. Japaridze; 20 June 2022; VLHF • 3 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 26 June 2023; VLHF • 2 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 27 June 2024; VLHF • 1 ♂; Mijniskure; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 3 July 2023; VLHF. Barcoding. We obtained three nearly identical sequences from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1038093, 1038094, and 1038095 (BOLD: ABX 1047, max. p - distance 0.3 %). The best matches to our specimens in BOLD Systems were two specimens from David Gareji (Georgia) identified as Zeuzera AH 01 Gg and Zeuzera (BOLD: ABX 1047, max. p - distances 0.3 – 0.35 % subsequently), and Cecryphalus strix from Vashlovani NP (Georgia) (BOLD: ABX 1047, max. p - distance 0.46 %). This supports assigning the David Gareji specimens to C. strix.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9EFFE2FF7CFC19FA4C451B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is known to occur in the South Caucasus, Central Asia, S Mongolia, NW China, and N Iran (Japaridze 2024). The host plant and immature stages are unknown. For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 46.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE1FF7CFF4CFBEA4011.taxon	description	(Fig. 15)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE1FF7CFF4CFBEA4011.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 3 ♂; Poti, Kolkheti NP.; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. E. Didmanidze; 27 July 1980; SJMG • 1 ♂; Chachuna MR, Dalis Mta Reservoir; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 23 June 2024; VLHF • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Chachuna MR, Dalis Mta Reservoir; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo, J-P. Kaitila, L-G. Japaridze; 18 June 2022; VLHF.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE1FF7CFF4CFBEA4011.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is known to occur across Europe, including S England, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and south of W Siberia. Recorded host plants include Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Typha latifolia L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 9 B 9297 DF- 7 E 96 - 4 CEA- 8 EC 7 - 38415433 AACD (Figs 24, 39 – 42)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. L-G Japaridze; 26 May 2025; gen. prep. LG 35 JLGT • Paratypes 1 ♂; Idem; 12 ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP, N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °, 114 m a. s. l., leg. J. Junnilainen; 26 June 2022, JLGT & JJHF; 1 ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP, N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °, 114 m a. s. l., leg. J. Junnilainen; 21 June 2022, JJHF; 2 ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP, N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °, 114 m a. s. l., leg. J. Junnilainen;, 24 June 2022, JJHF; 1 ♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. & L. Vähätalo, 25 June 2023, VLHF; 1 ♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. & L. Vähätalo, 4 – 5 July 2023, VLHF; 1 ♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. & L. Vähätalo, 14 June 2024, VLHF; 1 ♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. & L. Vähätalo, 15 Jume 2024, VLHF; 1 ♂; Mijniskure, leg. A. & L. Vähätalo, 17 June 2024, VLHF; 2 ♂ Chachuna MR, Dalis Mta Reservoir; 21 June 2021, JLGT (CaBOL-IDs 1038589, 1038590). Barcoding. We obtained two identical sequences from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1038589, 1038590 (BOLD: ADM 7968), with the best match in BOLD Systems being unidentified Zeuzerinae from David Gareji (Georgia) (BOLD: ADM 7968, p - distance 0.16 %), presumably belonging to the herein described species. The second-best match was unidentified Phragmataecia from Taiwan (BOLD: AAY 5999, p - distance 5.78 %).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. By the conformation of genitalia, the males of the new species are closest to P. valikhanovi Yakovlev & Witt, 2016 from Kazakhstan, from which they differ by the absence of black scales on the ventral side of both the forewings and hindwings and overall darker coloration on the dorsal side and sharper apex of valvae and stronger curve of aedeagus. (Figs 24, 39 – 42; cf. Yakovlev & Witt 2016: figs. 1 – 4, figs 10 – 11). From those of occurring in the Caucasus congeners as follows: from P. castaneae by the absence of wing pattern, presence of longitudinal series of tiny dark points between veins medially, shorter uncus, and sharper saccus (Figs 24, 39, 40; cf. Yakovlev & Snegovaya 2020: fig. 2 b); from P. effendi Yakovlev & Snegovaya, 2020, by sharper apex, thinner valvae, and differently shaped aedeagus (Figs 39 – 42; cf. Yakovlev & Snegovaya 2020: fig. 2 a); from P. pacifica Yakovlev, 2007, by relatively straight aedeagus and straighter posterior margin of valvae (Figs 39 – 42; cf. Yakovlev 2007 a: figs 9; Yakovlev & Witt, 2016: fig. 9); from newly described P. durska Saldaitis, Yakovlev & Prozorov, 2025 by straighter aedeagus and narrower valvae (Figs 39 – 42; cf. Saldaitis et al. 2025: figs 18 – 19).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.taxon	description	Description. Male (Fig. 24). Wingspan 40 mm. Antennae 1 / 3 of the length of the forewing; rami gradually elongate in basal third of antennae, rapidly shorten in distal half of medial thirds of antennae, and barely pronounced until the tip; flagellum and rami covered with white-brounish scales. Head, thorax, and abdomen densely hirsute, brown-greish. Forewing 17.5 mm; narrow, long, with protruded obtuse anal and tornal angles, rounded apex; brown-greish coloured with sparse blackish scales. Hindwing triangular; rounded anal angle and apex; light brow-whitish colour, lighter in the basal costal area. Genitalia as in Figs 39 – 42. Uncus triangular with lateral concavities; apex blunt, beak-shaped, sclerotised. Tegumen narrow, concave. Vinculum narrow, ventrally expands into triangular saccus with round apex. Valva dorsally straight, concave near sacculus; apex sharp. Aedeagus slightly longer than valvae slightly curved in medium third. Female unknown. Pupae (Fig. 53). Length 20 mm, width 4 mm; brown. Variation. Males (n = 6). Wingspan 38 – 52 mm. Forewing 17 – 24 mm.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin “ ignotus ” meaning “ unnoticed ”, alluding to the species being previously overlooked.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. All specimens were collected along riverbanks abundant with Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (Fig. 49).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Above-mentioned localities only (Fig. 43).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF9DFFE0FF7CFD3EFB0445BD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. During the May 2025 expedition to the species’ type locality, numerous Phragmites stems were collected, yielding a single pupa, found near the base of the stem (Fig. 53). It was notably active, moving up and down using abdominal contractions. The eggs and larval stages of this species remain unknown.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF83FFFFFF7CFB3BFC9045B5.taxon	description	(Fig. 25)	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF83FFFFFF7CFB3BFC9045B5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GEORGIA • 1 ♂; Shida Kartli, Gori Mun., Kodistskaro; N 42.0290 °, E 44.3489; 776 m a. s. l.; steppe; 26 July 2022; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; ISUT • ♂; Adjara, Batumi, Mtirala NP; leg. JP. Kaitila; 28 June 2022; JLGT • 1 ♀; Shida Kartli, Kaspi; 3 July 2021; JLGT • 1 ♂; Tbilisi; 1 July 1936; SJMG • 1 ♂; Minadze; leg. E. Didmanidze; 24 July 1964; SJMG • 5 ♂; Uraveli; leg. E. Didmanidze; 25 July 1964; SJMG • 4 ♂; Saguramo; leg. E. Didmanidze; 14 July 1966; SJMG • 1 ♂; Ajameti; leg. E. Didmanidze; 23 July 1980; SJMG • 1 ♂; Kurzu; leg. E. Didmanidze; 4 July 1964; SJMG • 1 ♀; Kvabiskhevi; N 41.775 °, E 43.248 °; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 10 July 2019; VLHF • 1 ♂; Choloki forest; leg. A. Baznikin; 6 July 2023; BABS • 2 ♂; Kobuleti; leg. A. Baznikin; 16 June 2023; BABS • 1 ♂; Kakheti, Dedoplistskaro Mun., Vashlovani NP; N 41.1183 °, E 46.6405 °; 114 m a. s. l.; leg. J. Junnlainen; 19 May 2023; JJVF • 1 ♂; Dedoplistskaro, Vashlovani NP.; leg. A. & L. Vähätalo; 25 June 2024; VLHF. Barcoding. A single sequence obtained from the specimen CaBOL-ID 1027726 (BOLD: AAD 8444) had the best match with Z. pyrina from Corsica (BOLD: AAD 8444, p - distance 0.46 %).	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
03F6B269FF83FFFFFF7CFB3BFC9045B5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is widely distributed across Europe, including south England, as well as in north and central Africa, central Asia, the Caucasus, and Asia Minor. Introduced to North America. A broad range of host plants has been recorded, including Fraxinus excelsior L., Viscum album L., Ligustrum spp., Malus spp., Prunus spp., Quercus spp., Betula spp., Aesculus spp., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Ulmus spp., Crataegus spp., Salix spp., Populus tremula L., Acer spp., Carpinus betulus L., Fagus sylvatica L., Viburnum spp., Tilia spp., Frangula alnus Mill., Lonicera spp., Ribes spp., Pyrus spp., Sorbus aucuparia L., Corylus spp., Platanus spp., Castanea spp., Tamarix spp., Mahonia spp., Spiraea spp., Syringa spp., Sambucus spp., Cornus spp., and Ilex aquifolium L. (Alipanah et al. 2021). For distribution in Georgia, see Fig. 43.	en	Japaridze, Lasha-Giorgi, Makharadze, Giorgi, Bulbulashvili, Natalia, Hulsbosch, Ramon, Petrov, Valeri, Seropian, Armen (2025): Burrowed through time: Exploring the enigmatic Cossidae moths of Georgia. Zootaxa 5701 (5): 501-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.5.1
