identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F387808345FFE2FF6FFD2DC5A1FC68.text	03F387808345FFE2FF6FFD2DC5A1FC68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra Stenhammar 1844	<div><p>Parydra Stenhammar, 1844</p><p>Napaea Robineau-Desvoidy 1830: 799 [feminine]; Type-species: Parydra stagnicola (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) [by subsequent designation of Coquillett 1910], homonym of Napaea Hübner, 1819 ( Lepidoptera).</p><p>Parydra Stenhammar 1844: 144-145 [feminine]; Type-species: Parydra coarctata (Fallén, 1813) [by original designation].</p><p>Falosoma Lioy 1864: 1102 [neuter]; Type-species: Parydra aquila (Fallén, 1813) [by subsequent designation of Coquillett 1910].</p><p>Hygrophila Lioy 1864: 1102 [feminine]; Type-species: Parydra fuscipennis (Macquart, 1835) [= Parydra coarctata (Fallén, 1813); by monotypy].</p><p>Scotimyza Macquart 1835: 540–541 [feminine]; Type-species: Parydra fuscipennis (Macquart, 1835) [= Parydra coarctata (Fallén, 1813); by monotypy].</p><p>Scotomyza Agassiz 1846: 336 —unjustified emendation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808345FFE2FF6FFD2DC5A1FC68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808345FFE4FF6FFB3AC6B9F805.text	03F387808345FFE4FF6FFB3AC6B9F805.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Parydra) aquila (Fallen 1813)	<div><p>Parydra (Parydra) aquila (Fallén, 1813)</p><p>(Figs. 1, 26–29)</p><p>Ephydra aquila Fallén 1813: 247; locus typicus not given [“ Sverige “]; lectotype ♀, des. by Clausen &amp; Cook (1971) [NHRS, Clausen &amp; Cook 1971].</p><p>Parydra bituberculata Loew 1862: 165–166; type-locality: „Middle States“; lectotype ♂, des. by Cresson (1949) [MCZ, Cresson 1949]; synonymy by Clausen &amp; Cook (1971).</p><p>Parydra nitida Cresson 1915: 70; type-locality: „Potlatch, Idaho “; holotype ♂ [ANSP, Cresson 1915]; synonymy by Clausen &amp; Cook (1971).</p><p>Parydra tibialis Cresson 1916: 150–151; type-locality: „Oak Creek Canyon, Arizona, 6000 ft. alt.“; holotype ♂ [KSUC, Cresson 1916]; synonymy by Clausen &amp; Cook (1971).</p><p>Parydra papulata Cresson 1949: 247; type-locality: „Friday Harbor, Washington “; holotype ♂ [ANSP, Cresson 1949]; synonymy by Clausen &amp; Cook (1971).</p><p>Additional material examined: 455 specimens from Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal and European Russia including new country records for Croatia and Georgia: CROATIA : 1♀, 24.vi.2017, fishponds 1.5 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.097/lat 45.635)">Stražanac</a> [45.635°N 17.097°E] ; 1♀, 25.vi.2017, fishponds 2 km s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.747/lat 45.147)">Oriovac</a> [45.147°N 17.747°E] ; 4♂♂ 3♀♀, 24.vi.2017, fishponds <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.936&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.521" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.936/lat 45.521)">Ripnjaci</a> [45.521°N 16.936°E] ; 6♂♂ 1♀, 27.vi.2017, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.813&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.813/lat 45.625)">Danube</a> 0.6 km s Podunavlje [45.625°N 18.813°E] ; 1♂, 27.vi.2017, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.853/lat 45.668)">Danube</a> 1 km se Tikveš [45.668°N 18.853°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 27.vi.2017, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.8/lat 45.612)">Danube</a> 1.5 km ne Kopačevo [45.612°N 18.800°E] ; 3♂♂ 1♀, 26.vi.2017, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.542&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.542/lat 45.638)">Drava</a> 3 km n Petrijevci [45.638°N 18.542°E] ; 3♀♀, 26.vi.2017, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.393&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.393/lat 45.699)">Drava</a> n Bistrinci [45.699°N 18.393°E] ; 2♂♂ 3♀♀, 26.vi.2017, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.486&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.486/lat 45.664)">Drava</a> ne Nard [45.664°N 18.486°E] ; 1♀, 25.vi.2017, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.931&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.09" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.931/lat 45.09)">Sava</a> 3 km ne Zbjeg [45.090°N 17.931°E] ; 1♀, 4.vii.2018, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.802" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.966/lat 43.802)">Krka</a> n Lozovac [43.802°N 15.966°E] ; 1♀, 22.vi.2017, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.856&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.856/lat 45.435)">Piljenice</a> [45.435°N 16.856°E] ; 1♂, 19.vii.2018, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.223/lat 44.027)">Šarena Jezero</a> near Knin [44.027°N 16.223°E] ; 4♂♂ 1♀, 26.vi.2017, small river 5.2 km sse <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.59" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.235/lat 45.59)">Lacići</a> [45.590°N 18.235°E]; GEORGIA : 1♂, 30.vi.2019, 1.4 km wsw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.424" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.008/lat 41.424)">Ilmazlo</a> [41.424°N 45.008°E] ; 2♀♀, 13.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.579" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.567/lat 41.579)">Algeti river</a> n Partskhisi [41.579°N 44.567°E] ; 1♀, 13.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.96&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.597" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.96/lat 41.597)">Chrami river</a> n Tikilisa [41.597°N 43.960°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 30.vi.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.005&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.357" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.005/lat 41.357)">Debeda river</a> n Khanji-Gazlo [41.357°N 45.005°E] ; 1♂, 30.vi.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.051&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.34" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.051/lat 41.34)">Debeda river</a> n Kirach-Mughanlo [41.340°N 45.051°E] ; 5♂♂ 1♀, 30.vi.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.943/lat 41.389)">Debeda river</a> w Didi Mughanlo [41.389°N 44.943°E] ; 2♂♂, 1.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.388/lat 41.668)">Iori river</a> 8.5 km se Sagaredscho [41.668°N 45.388°E] ; 1♂, 2.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.212&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.451" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.212/lat 41.451)">Jandara</a> reservoir 2.8 km se Mzianeti [41.451°N 45.212°E] ; 2♂♂, 11.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.327" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.484/lat 41.327)">Kirkhbulaki river</a> e Qulalisi [41.327°N 43.484°E] ; 1♂ 2♀♀, 8.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.655&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.98" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.655/lat 41.98)">Kura river</a> 1.5 km w Khtsisi [41.980°N 43.655°E] ; 1♀, 30.vi.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.043&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.428" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.043/lat 41.428)">Kura river</a> 1.6 km e Ilmazo [41.428°N 45.043°E] ; 1♂, 29.vi.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.96&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.599" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.96/lat 41.599)">Kura river</a> 2 km s Karajalari [41.599°N 44.960°E] ; 3♂♂, 30.vi.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.044&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.42" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.044/lat 41.42)">Kura river</a> 2.0 km ese Ilmazo [41.420°N 45.044°E] ; 1♀, 9.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.282&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.948" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.282/lat 41.948)">Kura river</a> 2.3 km nne Teliani [41.948°N 44.282°E] ; 1♀, 8.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.005" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.723/lat 42.005)">Kura river</a> n Akhalsheni [42.005°N 43.723°E] ; 3♂♂ 2♀♀, 8.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.765/lat 42.013)">Kura river</a> nw Akhalsopeli [42.013°N 43.765°E] ; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 29.vi.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.01&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.551" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.01/lat 41.551)">Kura river</a>, Rustawi [41.551°N 45.010°E] ; 2♂♂, 29.vi.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.034&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.034/lat 41.484)">Kura valley</a> 2.7 km w Akhalsheni [41.484°N 45.034°E] ; 1♂, 11.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.249&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.236" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.249/lat 41.236)">lake Kartsakhi</a> wsw Kartsakhi [41.236°N 43.249°E] ; 2♀♀, 10.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.287&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.287/lat 41.999)">lake Nadarbazevis</a> [41.999°N 44.287°E] ; 1♀, 2.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.167/lat 41.473)">Mariini Canal</a> 3.4 km n Jandari [41.473°N 45.167°E] ; 1♂, 12.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.754&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.754/lat 41.297)">Saghamo lake</a> se banks [41.297°N 43.754°E] ; 1♀, 10.vii.2019, small lake 2.2 km ene <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.215&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.215/lat 41.65)">Imera</a> [41.650°N 44.215°E] ; 1♂, 8.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.841&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.047" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.841/lat 42.047)">Soramula river</a> 1.7 km ene Agara [42.047°N 43.841°E] .</p><p>Diagnosis: A large species with short and inconspicuous setae and setulae and hardly any wing colouration (Fig. 1). The small wart like protuberances at the base of medial scutellar seta, hind tibia with silver-white dusting apically and basally, distinct contrast between subshining dorsal and densely dusted ventral face, high and broad phallus in lateral view (Fig. 28), postgonite broad based and S-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 26) are each unique within European Parydra .</p><p>Distribution in Europe: A common species distributed widely across Europe. Its absence from some of the larger islands including Iceland, the Canary Islands, Mallorca and Sardinia might be due to their lack of suitable habitats. Parydra aquila has been recorded from northern Finland up to 66°N (GBIF 2024) which may represent the northern limit of its distribution within Europe. Outside Europe P. aquila occurs in Morocco (Vitte 1991), in Asia north to Japan (Krivosheina 1995, Miyagi 1977 as bituberculata) and is widely distributed in America north of 30°N (Clausen &amp; Cook 1971).</p><p>Biology: An aquatic to semiaquatic species reaching its highest populational density in detritus rich inland habitats. Adults are found from March to October and the species is polyvoltine at least in central and south Europe. Stigmatomyces parydrae Thaxter, 1917 has been reported to grow on P. aquila (Santamaría &amp; Rossi 1998) . The larva and puparium are described by Krivosheina (1987). Larvae live within detritus or among organic material. Their exact diet is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808345FFE4FF6FFB3AC6B9F805	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808342FFE6FF6FFABAC524F86D.text	03F387808342FFE6FF6FFABAC524F86D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Parydra) coarctata (Fallen 1813)	<div><p>Parydra (Parydra) coarctata (Fallén, 1813)</p><p>(Figs. 4, 38–41)</p><p>Ephydra coarctata Fallén 1813: 247–248; locus typicus not given [“ Sverige “]; syntype ♂ ♀ [MZLU, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995].</p><p>Napaea stagnicola Robineau-Desvoidy 1830: 799–800; locus typicus not given [presumably France]; no information available about type material [MNHN, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995], jr. syn. nov.</p><p>Napaea stagnicola Variété A. Napaea major Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 b: 800; type-locality: „de l'étang de Ville-d'Avray“ [France]; no information available about type material [MNHN, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995], synonymy by Haliday (1839).</p><p>Ephydra rufitarsis Macquart 1835: 536; type-locality: „Du nord de la France “; no information available about type material [MNHN, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995], synonymy by Haliday (1839).</p><p>Ephydra fuscipennis Macquart 1835: 540; type-locality: „de Liége“ [Belgium]; no information available about type material [MNHN, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995], synonymy by Becker (1905).</p><p>Parydra cognata Loew 1860: 32–33; type-locality: „ Sicilien “ [Italy]; holotype ♀ [ZMB, Zatwarnicki 1987], synonymy by Krivosheina (1989).</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>♀ holotype of P. cognata with these labels: (1) “[illegible signs]”; (2) “Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “14466”; (4) “ Parydra / cognata /m.”; (5) “ Holotypus ”; (6) “ Parydra / coarctata / Fll. / M. Krivosheina det., 1985”; (7) “Zool. Mus. / Berlin ”</p><p>Additional Material examined: 959 specimens from Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Jordan, Portugal, Turkey with new country records from Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan: CROATIA : 1♂ 4♀♀, 14.vii.2018, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.239&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.239/lat 43.841)">Čikola</a> 2 km w Otavice [43.841°N 16.239°E] ; 1♀, 25.vi.2017, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.596/lat 45.133)">Ðuračica</a> 5 km s Magić Mala [45.133°N 17.596°E] ; 1♂, 24.vi.2017, fishponds 1.5 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.097/lat 45.635)">Stražanac</a> [45.635°N 17.097°E] ; 1♀, 4.vii.2018, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.802" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.966/lat 43.802)">Krka</a> n Lozovac [43.802°N 15.966°E] ; 6♂♂, 19.vii.2018, small river 1 km e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.212&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.212/lat 43.975)">Ramljane</a> [43.975°N 16.212°E] ; 1♂, 26.vi.2017, small river 5.2 km sse <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.59" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.235/lat 45.59)">Lacići</a> [45.590°N 18.235°E] ; 1♀, 18.vii.2018, small river s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.009&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.672" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.009/lat 43.672)">Vrpolje</a> [43.672°N 16.009°E] ; 1♂, 24.vi.2017, valley 1 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.223/lat 45.664)">Donja Rasenica</a> [45.664°N 17.223°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 24.vi.2017, valley 1.5 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.691" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.288/lat 45.691)">Rastovac</a> [45.691°N 17.288°E]; CYPRUS : 1♀, 31.iii.2015, southern shore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.963&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.963/lat 35.027)">Paralimni lake</a> [35.027°N 33.963°E]; GEORGIA : 1♀, 1.vii.2019, 2.8 km nnw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.598" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.326/lat 41.598)">Jikurebi lake</a> [41.598°N 45.326°E] ; 3♂♂, 10.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.379/lat 41.675)">Algeti river</a> 0.8 km wnw Tskhrakudaani [41.675°N 44.379°E] ; 1♂, 12.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.689/lat 41.198)">Bughdasheni lake</a> [41.198°N 43.689°E] ; 1♀, 1.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.181&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.181/lat 41.723)">Iori river</a> ne Sartichala [41.723°N 45.181°E] ; 1♂, 8.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.04&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.073" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.04/lat 42.073)">Kura river</a> e Variani [42.073°N 44.040°E] ; 1♂, 7.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.599&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.599/lat 41.85)">Kura river</a> nw Dzegvi [41.850°N 44.599°E] ; 1♂, 29.vi.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.023&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.023/lat 41.52)">Kura valley</a> se Rustawi [41.520°N 45.023°E] ; 1♀, 12.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.754&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.754/lat 41.297)">Saghamo lake</a> se banks [41.297°N 43.754°E] ; 3♂♂ 1♀, 1.vii.2019, small river 1.6 km wsw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.403&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.403/lat 41.721)">Tokhliauri</a> [41.721°N 45.403°E] ; 1♂ 9♀♀, 10.vii.2019, small river valley sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.379/lat 41.694)">Manglisi</a> [41.694°N 44.379°E] ; 1♂, 13.vii.2019, small valley 1.1 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.508&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.62" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.508/lat 41.62)">Abrameti</a> [41.620°N 44.508°E] ; 4♂♂ 1♀, 4.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.633/lat 42.609)">Snostskali river</a> 0.6 km nw Sno [42.609°N 44.633°E] ; 2♂♂, 4.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.645/lat 42.6)">Snostskali river</a> 0.8 km se Sno [42.600°N 44.645°E] ; 1♀, 3.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.649" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.634/lat 42.649)">Terek river</a> 1.3 km sw Stepantsminda [42.649°N 44.634°E] ; 2♂♂ 3♀♀, 4.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.558" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.502/lat 42.558)">Terek river</a> 1.6 km w Ukhati [42.558°N 44.502°E]; KYRGYZSTAN : 1♀, 27.v.2019, river bed ca. 1.6 km nnw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.053/lat 41.406)">Kyzylungungir</a> [41.406°N 73.053°E] .</p><p>Diagnosis: Typical material of P. coarctata is recognised by the white setulae on the middle coxa, partly orange-brown tarsi, scutellum with an apical tooth, broad gena (gena-eye ratio = 0.4–0.5) and radius r 2+3 with a vein stump (Fig. 4). ♂ has no dense black setulae on the middle tibia unlike other species of Parydra s. str. ♂ terminalia are unique in the combination of the separated phallus and phallus apodeme (Fig. 40) and the broad phallus in dorsal view (Fig. 38) with an upcurved tip (Fig. 40). Females with completely dark tarsi closely resemble P. obliterata and the characters given in the key should be checked carefully.</p><p>Taxonomy: Robineau-Desvoidy (1830: 799–798) described Napaea stagnicola and separated the species in two forms: "Variété A. Napaea major " for which he gave no additional character and "Variété B. Napaea minor " for which he added a diagnosis. Haliday (1839: 407–408) synonymised both forms: " stagnicola minor " as P. fossarum and " stagnicola major " as P. coarctata but didn´t mention the name P. stagnicola s. str. As a result, there were two synonyms ( P. major = P. coarctata, P. minor = P. fossarum) but three names ( P. stagnicola, P. major, P. minor). Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki (1995) listed P. stagnicola as a valid species, Evenhuis et al (2010) only list P. stagnicola and ignore P. minor and P. major . Robineau-Desvoidy (1830) doesn´t give any characters for P. major other than those given for P. stagnicola . Given this it seems reasonable to conclude that he intends the names P. stagnicola s. str. and P. stagnicola major to apply to the same taxon. Both are therefore objective synonyms and following Haliday (1839) Napaea stagnicola Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 must be placed as a junior synonym of Ephydra coarctata Fallén, 1813 (syn. nov.).</p><p>Parydra cognata has been ignored by most recent authors due to the main character, the absence of a vein stump at radius R 2+3, not being suitable to distinguish between P. cognata and P. coarctata . Krivosheina (1989) investigated the terminalia of P. cognata, P. coarctata and P. obliterata and concluded that they were conspecific while noting a high level of intraspecific variability. Stuke (2023) examined the holotype and additional material of Parydra s. str. from Sicily and could not find any characters to distinguish P. cognata as a separate species from P. coarctata . Beschovski &amp; Zatwarnicki (2004) describe differences in the shape of the phallus, but their drawings are not convincing. Following the concept of Krivosheina (1989) I treat P. cognata as a junior synonym of P. coarctata .</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Parydra coarctata is probably the commonest species of the genus in Europe and is distributed nearly throughout the continent. There is a distribution border in Northern Europe where, in Finland, the species reaches 66°N. There are no records from Iceland to date. Outside Europe P. coarctata is known from Morocco (Vitte 1988, 1991) to Jordan ( Stuke 2012), Lebanon (Becker 1926) and Turkey (Pârvu &amp; Popescu-Mirceni 2006 a). The distribution in Asia reaches at least to Turkmenistan and Tajikistan (Krivosheina 1989) and Eastern Siberia (Dahl 1968).</p><p>Biology: Parydra coarctata occurs in a wide variety of permanent and temporary wetlands with rich vegetation. The species may prefer forests with water but also colonizes open habitats. It is also regularly found in saline habitats. Parydra coarctata is polyvoltine and flies in Southern Europe all year round. It can frequently be found in winter in central Europe and may regularly overwinter as an adult. Stigmatomyces trianguliapicalis T. Majewski, 1972 has been reported to grow on P. coarctata (Huldén 1985, Santamaría &amp; Rossi 1993). No information is available concerning its larval biology.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808342FFE6FF6FFABAC524F86D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808340FFEBFF6FFB3DC7BAFB86.text	03F387808340FFEBFF6FFB3DC7BAFB86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Parydra) cryptica Stuke 2025	<div><p>Parydra (Parydra) cryptica spec. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 5, 42–47)</p><p>Holotype: 1 ♂ with these labels: (1) “Jordanien / Dana, Quellen und / Bewässerungsgräben / (30°40.51‘N 035°36.61’E) / 17.10.2010, Stuke leg.“; (2) „ Holotypus / Parydra cryptica / spec. nov. ♂ / Stuke det. 2024“. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.61017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.675167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.61017/lat 30.675167)">The</a> specimen is pinned using a minuten and is in excellent condition. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.61017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.675167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.61017/lat 30.675167)">The</a> abdomen is dissected, macerated and stored in a glycerine microvial pinned underneath the specimen. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.61017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.675167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.61017/lat 30.675167)">The</a> holotype will be preserved in the collection of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.61017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.675167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.61017/lat 30.675167)">Museum</a> für <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.61017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.675167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.61017/lat 30.675167)">Naturkunde—Leibniz Institute</a> for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany (ZMB).</p><p>Paratype: 1♂, same data as holotype, deposited in coll. PJHS .</p><p>Description Holotype (♂): Length about 4.1 mm. Wing length = 2.9 mm. Head height = 0.7 mm.</p><p>Head black. Gena-eye-ratio (in lateral view genal height measured at the maximum eye height: eye height) = 0.4. Antenna black. Ocelli brown, forming an almost equilateral triangle. Frontal triangle and frontorbital plate subshining, frontal vita densely dusted. Frontal triangle reaching to ptilinal suture. Face slightly convex in lateral view, brown dusted. Ocellar seta and two lateroclinate frontorbital setae about as large as inner and outer vertical setae; one prominent facial seta with five smaller setae below; two inconspicuous genal setae.</p><p>Thorax black. Scutellum with small apical process. Scutum and scutellum subshining. Scutum with indistinct medial and submedial stripes of dusting and indistinct dusting at the end of the transverse suture. Pleurae grey to brown dusted. Two rows of small acrostichal setae; 0+3 strong dorsocentral setae; no prescutellar seta; 2 notopleural setae, anterior one distinctly smaller; 1 postalar seta; 1 large apical and 1 smaller sublateral scutellar setae; 1 seta at posterior margin of anepisternum. Wing hyaline to slightly brown infuscate with inconspicuous brown colouration around crossveins dm-cu, crossvein r-m and vein stump at radius r 2+3. Veins brown. Haltere light yellow-brown. Legs black with metatarsi orange-brown. Legs grey dusted except for the posterior surface of hind leg which is mainly shining. Coxae with white setulae only. Middle tibia with a row of strong black setae posteroventral and dense black setulae ventrally in apical half. Hind femur with a row of long white setulae posteroventrally.</p><p>Abdomen with tergite III–IV-ratio (length tergite 3 medially: length tergite 4 medially) = 1.0 and tergite IV–Vratio (length tergite 4 medially: length tergite 5 medially) = 1.1. Sternites 3–5 as Fig. 47. Sternite 5 partly fused with hypandrium. All sternites equally sclerotised. Sternites with scattered, inconspicuous setulae only. Epandrium as Fig. 46: with a broad tooth beneath cerci and obvious long setulae apically. Subepandrial plate represented by two sclerites that are fused by a membrane. Hypandrium as shown in Figs. 43. Postgonite as shown in Fig. 45: triangular, ending laterally in a short tooth, without a notch at lateral margin. Phallus as shown in Figs. 42 and 44: moderately broad and with a distinct apical notch in dorsal view, without an upcurved tip in lateral view. Phallus apodeme as shown in Fig. 42 and 44: separated from phallus, broad at its junction with phallus, with distinct broad lateral arms.</p><p>Variation: Paratype has 0+4 dorsocentral setae.</p><p>Females cannot currently be recognised.</p><p>Diagnosis: Parydra cryptica can be identified as a member of the coarctata species group by the (i) scutellum with a more or less distinct apical process, (ii) radius r 2+3 with a vein stump, (iii) face slightly convex in lateral view, (iv) ♂ middle femur posteroventrally with a line of regularly arranged black setae, and (v) phallus and phallus apodeme separated. Males can be distinguished from other species of this group by (vi) middle coxa with white setae and setulae only (dark brown to black in P. littoralis) and (vii) middle tibia with dense black setulae in anteroventral half (no dense black setulae in P. coarctata, more distributed dense black setulae in P. littoralis). (viii) Parydra cryptica is distinguished from all other Parydra by the epandrium with a tooth beneath the tip of the cercus and the tip of the epandrium laterally with long setulae.</p><p>Derivatio nominis: From Latin cryptica (concealed, feminine) reflecting the difficulty in recognising this species within the coarctata species-group.</p><p>Distribution: Currently only known from the locus typicus in the East Jordanian highlands.</p><p>Biology: The specimens were collected at springs and narrow, partly defective, irrigation ditches in an extensively used agricultural area, at an altitude of around 1200 m. Some of the collection locations were shaded by bushes and trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808340FFEBFF6FFB3DC7BAFB86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780834BFFECFF6FFF34C475FC29.text	03F38780834BFFECFF6FFF34C475FC29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Parydra) littoralis (Meigen 1830)	<div><p>Parydra (Parydra) littoralis (Meigen, 1830)</p><p>(Figs. 11, 71–74)</p><p>Ephydra littoralis Meigen 1830: 116; locus typicus not given [“Coll. Winthem“]; lectotype ♂, des. by Cresson (1930) [NMW, Cresson 1930].</p><p>Material examined: 125 specimens from France, Germany and Portugal .</p><p>Diagnosis: Males and females of P. littoralis are distinguished from other Parydra s. str. by the black to dark brown setulae on the middle coxa. Males are additionally separated from all other European Parydra by the dense black setulae ventrally in the anterior 2/3 of the middle tibia, obvious strong setae posteroventrally on the middle femur and shining areas on the middle tibia. ♂ terminalia are unique in having the phallus and phallus apodeme separated (Fig 73) and having a characteristic notch in the lateral margin of the postgonite (Fig. 71). ♀ resembles Chaetoapnaea but can be recognised by the strongly dusted face, which is slightly convex in lateral view, broad gena (gena-eye ratio = 0.4–0.5), and, usually, the presence of a distinct projection apically on the scutellum. Parydra quadripunctata females can be similar but usually have the apices of the radius r 4+5 and media m with contrasting darkening and the middle tibia without shining areas.</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed in central Europe and Britain. Less frequent reported from Spain (Zatwarnicki &amp; Blasco-Zumeta 2004), Morocco (Vitte 1988, 1991), the northern Balkan peninsula including Bulgaria (Beschovski &amp; Zatwarnicki 2004, Hubenov 2018) and Serbia (Krivosheina &amp; Ozerov 2022) and Ukraine (Krivosheina 2014). Recorded in Scandinavia north to 62°N (GBIF 2024).</p><p>Biology: Adults are found in wetlands with dense vegetation and, usually, dead organic material. Parydra littoralis shows a preference for forested habitats but can also be found in open wetlands. Adults have been recorded from April to August and P. littoralis may be polyvoltine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F38780834BFFECFF6FFF34C475FC29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780834AFFEEFF6FFB3CC6D4FD3E.text	03F38780834AFFEEFF6FFB3CC6D4FD3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Parydra) nigritarsis Strobl 1893	<div><p>Parydra (Parydra) nigritarsis Strobl, 1893</p><p>(Figs. 14, 83–88)</p><p>Parydra nigritarsis Strobl 1893: 280; type-locality: „ Auf Sumpfwiesen des Natterriege l (c. 5500') und um Hohentauern (4000')“ [Austria]; lectotype ♂ herewith designated [NMBA].</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>Lectotype ♂ of P. nigritarsis, herewith designated, with these labels pinned at the specimen: (1) “ Syntypus ”; (2) “ Lectotypus / Parydra nigritarsis / Strobl, 1893 ♂ / des. Stuke 2025 ”. Additional with this collection label: (3) “ Par. nigritarsis m. / Natterriegel &amp; illegible sign &amp; 22 / 8 91 ♂.” The lectotype is pinned on a minute. The right wing is missing, otherwise the specimen is in a good condition (Fig. 14).</p><p>Additional material examined: ROMANIA: 1♂, 25.v.1983, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.351&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.264" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.351/lat 47.264)">Calimăni</a> [47,264°N 25,351°E], 1700 m, leg. I. Ceianu ; 1♀, 2.vi.1978, Carpathian, „Val. Pulnei“, 1000 m, leg. I. Ceianu ; SWITZERLAND: 1♀, 1.–15.vii.1991, Kanton Graubünden, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.872&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.78" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.872/lat 46.78)">Dischmatal</a> [46,780°N 9,872°E], 1800, leg. P. Brodmann ; 1♀, 15.–30.vi.1990, dito; 2♀♀, 16.–30.vi.1990, dito; 1♂ 1♀, 22.v.1991, dito; 1♀, 24.vii.2012, Kanton Uri, Furkapass, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.415&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.572" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.415/lat 46.572)">Alpfor</a> aerea 11.2 [46,572°N 8,415°E], 2400, leg. G. Bächli ; 1♀, 21.vi.2003, Kanton Wallis, Morgins, La Chaux-Culet, 1799–1900 m, leg. B. Merz.</p><p>Diagnosis: A small black legged Parydra with a strongly dusted face, broad gena, the knob of the haltere usually dark brown and wing brown infuscated without obvious wing markings nor additional vein stump is a good candidate for P. nigritarsis . It is most similar to P. arctica and P. kahanpaai . The frontal triangle is subshining, especially at the tip, and contrasts with the more densely dusted frontal vita. The scutum always has a central stripe of pale dusting though this can be indistinct. Examination of the unique male terminalia, characterised by phallus and phallus apodeme separated, phallus apodeme without lateral arms, postgonite narrow, curved and pointed apically (Fig. 86) is recommended for reliable identification.</p><p>Taxonomy: Chvála (2008) remarked that an unpublished lectotype designation of Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini is invalid and that the specimen herewith designated as lectotype was already proposed by Kubátová-Hiršová, who examined the material 2003. However, to date there was no lectotype designation published. The designation of this lectotype is necessary due to the difficulty of interpretation of P. nigritarsis and the possibility that the type series of Strobl may also include other Parydra species.</p><p>P. nigritarsis was wrongly synonymised with P. obliterata by Zatwarnicki (1991). This mistake was corrected by Zatwarnicki &amp; Beschovski (2004) but the identification of P. nigritarsis was not properly documented and the subgenus position of P. nigritarsis was not clarified. Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki (1995) placed P. nigritarsis in the subgenus Parydra s. str. Due to the characters of the male terminalia this placement can be confirmed.</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Due to identification difficulties the distribution of P. nigritarsis is unclear and only the records listed above are reliable. These indicate a disjunct montane distribution in Europe with records from the Alps (Austria, Switzerland) and the Carpathians (Romania). Scandinavian records of P. nigritarsis may all belong to P. kahanpaai .</p><p>Biology: No specific information about the habitat is available. Parydra nigritarsis is a montane species with records from May to July.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F38780834AFFEEFF6FFB3CC6D4FD3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808348FFF4FF6FF96DC6D5FE62.text	03F387808348FFF4FF6FF96DC6D5FE62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Parydra) obliterata (Duda 1942)	<div><p>Parydra (Parydra) obliterata (Duda, 1942)</p><p>(Figs. 16, 93–96)</p><p>Napaea quadripunctata var. obliterata Duda 1942: 38; type-locality: „Ilfeld S.-Harz“ [Germany]; lectotype ♂, des. by Papp (1979) [ZMB, Papp 1979].</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>♂ lectotype of P. obliterata in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “25 9 [&amp; illegible sign]”; (2) “ Ilfeld / S.- Harz Duda ”; (3) “4-punctata / var. obliterata / ♂ d. Duda ”; (4) “ Lectotypus ”; (5) “Zool. Mus / Berlin ”</p><p>Additional material examined: Material: GERMANY: 1♀, 24.vii.2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.788&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.065" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.788/lat 54.065)">beach Spitzenhorner Bucht</a>, Wolgast [54.065°N 13.788°E] ; 2♂♂, 3.vi.2016, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Recknitztal 5.4 km se Damgarten [54.211°N 12.550°E]; 1♀, 5.vi.2016, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.544&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.419" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.544/lat 54.419)">Rügen</a>, Bodden 3 km sw Prora [54.419°N 13.544°E] ; 1♂, 25.vii.2003, Lower Saxony, Ems Leer [53.219°N 7.429°E]; 1♂, 16.vi.2007, Lower Saxony, Alnus -forest e Adelebsen [51.587°N 9.762°E] ; 1♂, 20.v.2024, Lower Saxony, Jadebusen, salt marsh w Stollhamm [53.512°N 8.320°E]; 1♀, 22.v.2009, Lower Saxony, Leineaue e Elze [52.119°N 9.761°E]; 1♀, 21.vi.2008, Lower Saxony, below Sösetalsperre [51.736°N 10.301°E]; 1♂, 6.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Sülldorf [52.027°N 11.567°E]; GEORGIA: 1♂, 3.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.649" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.634/lat 42.649)">Terek river</a> 1.3 km sw Stepantsminda [42.649°N 44.634°E] .</p><p>Diagnosis: This is a difficult species with a long history of confusion (cf. Zatwarnicki 1991, Beschowski &amp; Zatwarnicki 2004). Confusion is possible with those species belonging to the subgenus Chaetoapnaea which have black tarsi. However, the entirely white to light brown setulae on the middle coxa serve to separate P. obliterata from all Chaetonapaea. The typical characters of Parydra s. str. are also present in P. obliterata: a tooth at apex of scutellum, a convex face and broad gena (gena-eye ratio&gt; 0.4–0.5). ♂ can be recognised by the dense black setulae ventrally in the apical half of the middle tibia and the comb like row of regularly arranged dense setae posteroventrally on the middle femur. Only P. littoralis and P. cryptica have a similar pattern of setae. ♂ terminalia diagnostically with the phallus and phallus apodeme separated (Fig. 95) and the phallus narrow in dorsal view (Fig. 93). ♀ is difficult to recognise and probably cannot always be reliably distinguished from similar species. The full combination of characters given in the key must be checked carefully when attempting to determine female specimens.</p><p>Distribution in Europe: The history of confusion and difficulty in identification of females makes the interpretation of previous records difficult. Parydra obliterata is reliably recorded by Zatwarnicki (1991) (as P. nigritarsis but with a drawing clearly showing the terminalia of P. obliterata) from Denmark, Italy, Poland, Romania and Sweden. Additionally, there are published records from Bulgaria (Beschovski &amp; Zatwarnicki 2004, Hubenov 2018), the Czech Republic (Zatwarnicki &amp; Kejval 2022), Germany (Papp 1979) and Hungary (Beschovski &amp; Zatwarnicki 2004). Parydra obliterata is widely distributed at least from Central Europe to Southeast Europe. Currently there are no records from the Iberian Peninsula, Britain, Scandinavia (with the exception of a female published by Zatwarnicki (1991) from Sweden) or from anywhere outside Europe.</p><p>Biology: Adults of P. obliterata have been caught from May to August in densely vegetated wetland, riparian and inland saline habitats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808348FFF4FF6FF96DC6D5FE62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808352FFF5FF6FFF34C22CFF79.text	03F387808352FFF5FF6FFF34C22CFF79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Chaetoapnaea) Hendel 1930	<div><p>Pardyra subgenus Chaetoapnaea Hendel, 1930</p><p>Chaetoapnaea Hendel 1930: 150 [feminine]; Type-species: Parydra pusilla (Meigen, 1830) [by original designation].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808352FFF5FF6FFF34C22CFF79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808352FFF5FF6FFEE3C41DFBD3.text	03F387808352FFF5FF6FFEE3C41DFBD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) arctica Clausen & Cook 1971	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) arctica Clausen &amp; Cook, 1971</p><p>(Figs. 2, 22, 30–33)</p><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) arctica Clausen &amp; Cook 1971: 69–71; type-locality: „ Canada, NWT, Salmita Mines, 64°05'N., 111°15'W.“; holotype ♂ [CNC, Clausen &amp; Cook 1971].</p><p>Material examined: CANADA: 1♂, 7.viii.1950, Northwest Territories, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.059&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=69.116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.059/lat 69.116)">Cambridge Bay</a> [69.116°N 105.059°W], paratype, leg. E. H. N. Smith ; FINLAND: 1♂, without date, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=60.195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.767/lat 60.195)">Esbo</a> [60.195°N 24.767°E], leg. R. Frey , coll. MZH; 1♀, without date, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.1/lat 65.8)">Torneå</a> [65.8°N 24.1°E], leg. R. Frey, det. Zatwarnicki , coll. MZH; 1♂, without date, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=69.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.028/lat 69.909)">Utsjoki</a> [69.909°N 27.028°E], leg. R. Frey , coll. MZH; 1♂, 21.vii.2020, Lapland, Kortteenniska e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.663&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.663/lat 67.198)">Torvinen</a> [67.198°N 26.663°E] ; NORWAY: 1♀, 20.vii.2004, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=70.372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.012/lat 70.372)">Svartness</a> [70.372°N 31.012°E], det. Zatwarnicki.</p><p>Diagnosis: A small black legged Parydra with the face and frons strongly dusted, gena broad, a light brown haltere knob and without obvious wing markings is a good candidate for P. arctica . However, it is difficult to distinguish P. arctica from P. nigritarsis and P. kahanpaai . Males of P. arctica can be clearly distinguished by their terminalia. Especially the postgonite which is blunt and laterally pointed (Fig. 30) and examination of the male terminalia is recommended for reliable identification. The only known distinguishing character for females is that the tip of the frontal triangle is almost as densely dusted as the frontal vita.</p><p>Distribution in Europe: To date the only published European records are from Finland (Krivosheina 2000), Norway (Zatwarnicki &amp; Andersen 2023) and Sweden (Hellquvist et al. 2024). Outside of Europe this Holarctic species has been recorded from northern Canada (Clausen &amp; Cook 1971) and Siberia (Krivosheina 1989, 1995).</p><p>Biology: Both records made by the author are from barely overgrown sections of the banks of small streams. Flight time based on the available records is from July to August.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808352FFF5FF6FFEE3C41DFBD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808352FFF5FF6FFB36C415F8E2.text	03F387808352FFF5FF6FFB36C415F8E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) articulata Canzoneri & Meneghini 1981	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) articulata Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini, 1981</p><p>(Figs. 3, 34–37)</p><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) articulata Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini 1981: 197; type-locality: „Qars-I-Shirin (Iran)“; holotype ♂ [MCNV, Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini 1981].</p><p>Material examined: Material: CYPRUS: 1♂, 27.iii.2015, wetland s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.971&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.971/lat 34.6)">Akrotiri Salzsee</a> [34.600°N 32.971°E]; GEORGIA : 1♂, 12.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.689/lat 41.198)">Bughdasheni lake</a> [41.198°N 43.689°E] ; 1♀, 12.vii.2019, Kochki river s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.748&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.748/lat 41.189)">Epremovka</a> [41.189°N 43.748°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 12.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.754&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.754/lat 41.297)">Saghamo lake</a> se banks [41.297°N 43.754°E] ; 2♂♂, 4.vii.2019, Snostskali river 0.8 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.645/lat 42.6)">Sno</a> [42.600°N 44.645°E] ; 1♀, 4.vii.2019, Terek river 1.6 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.558" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.502/lat 42.558)">Ukhati</a> [42.558°N 44.502°E]; KYRGYZSTAN : 2♀♀, 30.v.2019, northern shore of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.14&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.764" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.14/lat 41.764)">Song-Kul</a> [41.764°N 75.140°E] ; 3♀♀, 27.v.2019, river bed ca. 1.6 km nnw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.053/lat 41.406)">Kyzylungungir</a> [41.406°N 73.053°E]; TURKEY : 1♀, 20.vii.2005, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.032" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.517/lat 40.032)">Askale</a> – Bayburt, 2400m NN [40.032°N 40.517°E] ; 1♂, 19.vii.2005, Erzurum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.227&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.902" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.227/lat 39.902)">Atatürk University</a> [39.902°N 41.227°E] .</p><p>Diagnosis: Recognised by the combination of yellow knees, a vein stump at radius r 2+3 (Fig. 3) and the strongly dusted face and frons. Confusion is possible with species of Parydra s. str. that have a vein stump on r 2+3. However, these species never have such strongly dusted frons and are further separated by the characters of the subgenus.</p><p>Distribution in Europe: The records published here represent the first for Europe. Previously it was known only from the locus typicus in Iran. It is widely distributed and not rare, at least locally, from Kyrgyzstan to Cyprus (Fig. 109).</p><p>Biology: Parydra articulata has been recorded from March to July in densely vegetated wetlands including the edges of lakes and rivers. It has also been found in saline habitats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808352FFF5FF6FFB36C415F8E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808351FFF8FF6FFA75C4E1FD12.text	03F387808351FFF8FF6FFA75C4E1FD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) flavitarsis (Dahl 1964)	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) flavitarsis (Dahl, 1964)</p><p>(Figs. 6, 48–51)</p><p>Napaea flavitarsis Dahl 1964: 101; type-locality: „ Spanish Sahara: Meseiet pr. Aaiun“; holotype ♀ [ZIN, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995].</p><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnea) taurrensis Canzoneri 1980: 9–10; type-locality: „fiume Jato a Ponte Taurro“ [Italy]; holotype ♀ [PSCA, Canzoneri 1980], synonymy by Canzoneri &amp; Vienna (1994).</p><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) danensis Stuke 2012: 208–213; type-locality: „ Jordanien / Dana, Quellen und / Bewässerungsgräben / (30°40.51'N 35°36.61'E)“ [Jordan]; holotype ♂ [ZMB, Stuke 2012] jr. syn. nov.</p><p>Material examined: 142 specimens from France, Italy, Jordan, Morocco and Portugal with new country records from Cyprus and first records from the French Atlantic coast: CYPRUS : 1♂ 1♀, 29.iii.2015, creek nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.902&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.766" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.902/lat 34.766)">Kouris Stausee</a> [34.766°N 32.902°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 1.vii.2016, floodplain e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.98&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.98/lat 34.851)">Agios Mamas</a> [34.851°N 32.980°E] ; 1♀, 1.vii.2016, floodplain e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.98&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.98/lat 34.851)">Agios Mamas</a> [34.851°N 32.980°E] ; 1♂, 30.iii.2015, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.758" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.578/lat 34.758)">Foinikas</a> reservoir [34.758°N 32.578°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 29.iii.2015, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.084&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.742" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.084/lat 34.742)">Germasogeia</a> reservoir outflow [34.742°N 33.084°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 28.iii.2015, outflow reservoir 2.5 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.558&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.867" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.558/lat 34.867)">Meneou</a> [34.867°N 33.558°E] ; 4♂♂, 1.iv.2015, pond on golf course 1 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.691" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.597/lat 34.691)">Kouklia</a> [34.691°N 32.597°E] ; 7♂♂ 2♀♀, 27.iii.2015, reedbed n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.963&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.963/lat 34.632)">Akrotiri Salzsee</a> [34.632°N 32.963°E] ; 1♀, 2.vii.2016, reservoir 4.5 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.837&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.062" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.837/lat 35.062)">Flasou</a> [35.062°N 32.837°E] ; 1♂, 30.iii.2015, riparian forest s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.705&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.798" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.705/lat 34.798)">Kidasi</a> [34.798°N 32.705°E] ; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 1.vii.2016, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.894" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.008/lat 34.894)">river Kato Milos</a> [34.894°N 33.008°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 2.vii.2016, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.873&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.873/lat 34.862)">river Pera Pedi</a> [34.862°N 32.873°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 30.vi.2016, stream s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.112/lat 34.841)">Arakapas</a> [34.841°N 33.112°E] ,; 11♂♂ 4♀♀, 27.iii.2015, wetland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.932&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.633" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.932/lat 34.633)">Phasouri</a> [34.633°N 32.932°E] ; 1♀, 27.iii.2015, wetland s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.971&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.971/lat 34.6)">Akrotiri Salzsee</a> [34.600°N 32.971°E]; FRANCE : 1♂, 9.vii.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.153&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.863" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.153/lat 44.863)">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a>, Étang de Langouarde [44.863°N 1.153°W] ; 1♀, 2.vii.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.178&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.757" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.178/lat 44.757)">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a>, small salt marsh n Claouey [44.757°N 1.178°W] .</p><p>Diagnosis: Typical specimens are recognised by the light tibiae (Fig. 6). Only P. articulata shares this character but this species is separated by the more densely dusted face (subshining in P. flavitarsis) and the vein stump at radius r 2+3 (no vein stump in P. flavitarsis). However, specimens occur with dark brown tibiae that are hardly lighter than the femora. Such specimens can closely resemble P. hecate . These two species are very similar and, with the exception of the different colouration of the tibiae in typical specimens, are only separable based on the shape of the postgonite which has a distinct notch in its lateral margin in P. flavitarsis .</p><p>Taxonomy: Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki (1995) incorrectly placed P. flavitarsis in the subgenus Parydra s. str. However, the species conforms to all characters given by Clausen &amp; Cook (1971) for the subgenus Chaetoapnaea (new subgenus position).</p><p>Due to its assignment to the wrong subgenus Stuke (2012) did not take P. flavitarsis into account when describing P. danensis . When material identified as P. flavitarsis was made available from Morocco and Portugal it became obvious that P. danensis is conspecific. Therefore, Parydra danensis Stuke, 2012 must be placed as a junior synonym of Parydra flavitarsis (Dahl, 1949) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Mainly a mediterranean species with records from Cyprus westwards to Spain. Isolated recent records are from the French Atlantic coast at around 45°N. Outside of Europe P. flavitarsis is known from Jordan ( Stuke 2012) and Morocco (Canzoneri &amp; Vienna 1994, Vitte 1988, 1991) southwards to Western Sahara (Dahl 1964).</p><p>Biology: Parydra flavitarsis is polyvoltine and flies throughout the year as long as suitable habitats with water are present. It has been recorded in densely vegetated wetlands including rice fields, small ponds, lakes, wet meadows and rivers. It has also regularly been recorded from saline wetlands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808351FFF8FF6FFA75C4E1FD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780835DFFFEFF6FFA1EC596F86D.text	03F38780835DFFFEFF6FFA1EC596F86D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) fossarum (Haliday 1833)	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) fossarum (Haliday, 1833)</p><p>(Figs. 7, 52–55)</p><p>Ephydra fossarum Haliday 1833: 175; type-locality: „Holywood in Downshire“ [Britain]; lectotype ♀, des. by Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1990 [NMID, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1990].</p><p>Ephydra (Parydra) affinis Stenhammar 1844: 192; type-locality: „Uplandia, ad Holmiam, in Ostrogothia ““ [Sweden]; syntype ♂ ♀ [MZLU, UZIU, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995]—synonymised by Haliday (1856).</p><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) parasocia Clausen &amp; Cook 1971: 83–85; type-locality: „Sidney, Iowa “; holotype ♂ [ISUI, Clausen &amp; Cook 1971]—synonymised by Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki (1990).</p><p>Material examined: Material: CROATIA: 1♂ 2♀♀, 14.vii.2018, Čikola 2 km w Otavice [43.841°N 16.239°E]; 1♂, 13.vii.2018, Čikola 2.5 km ssw Drniš [43.845°N 16.178°E]; 1♂ 3♀♀, 25.vi.2017, Ðuračica 5 km s Magić Mala [45.133°N 17.596°E]; 1♀, 25.vi.2017, fishponds 2 km s Oriovac [45.147°N 17.747°E]; 1♀, 27.vi.2017, floodplain Danube 2.5 km n Batina [45.864°N 18.837°E]; 3♂♂ 2♀♀, 28.vi.2017, floodplain Danube 3.5 km ne Sarvaš [45.551°N 18.862°E]; 2♂♂ 8♀♀, 28.vi.2017, floodplain Danube n Aljmaš [45.531°N 18.946°E]; 1♀, 28.vi.2017, floodplain Danube n Bijelo Brdo [45.524°N 18.874°E]; 11♂♂ 9♀♀, 29.vi.2017, floodplain Danube n Borovo [45.432°N 18.984°E]; 1♀, 26.vi.2017, floodplain Drava n Bistrinci [45.699°N 18.393°E]; 1♀, 28.vi.2017, floodplain Drava n Kopačevo [45.608°N 18.789°E]; 1♂, 23.vi.2017, floodplain Sava s Suvoj [45.372°N 16.687°E]; 1♀, 19.vii.2018, Krka 0.4 km ese Kovačić [44.041°N 16.233°E]; 1♀, 19.vii.2018, Krka 3.9 km nw Ljubotić [44.009°N 16.036°E]; 2♂♂, 4.vii.2018, Krka n Lozovac [43.802°N 15.966°E]; 1♂, 10.vii.2018, lake Vrana, marsh 4.5 km nne Pakoštane [43.939°N 15.548°E]; 1♂, 23.vi.2017, Lonjsko polje 1.2 km ne Mužilovčica [45.397°N 16.691°E]; 1♀, 6.vii.2018, small marsh 2 km sw Bićine [43.820°N 15.887°E]; GERMANY: 1♂ 1♀, 26.v.2011, Baden-Württemberg, Rhine floodplains nw Plittersdorf [48.889°N 8.153°E]; 1♂, 3.vii.2009, Bavaria, Danube floodplain, NSG „Pillmoos“ ne Straubing [48.900°N 12.593°E]; 1♀, 24.v.2010, Bavaria, Danube floodplain, NSG „Zeller Wörth“ 2 km ne Hofstetten, Straubing [48.907°N 12.635°E]; 1♂, 28.vi.2009, Bavaria, Eibsee, Garmisch Patenkirchen [47.460°N 10.987°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 3.vii.2009, Bavaria, Isarmündung, Deggendorff [48.799°N 12.957°E]; 1♂ 2♀♀, 23.v.2010, Bavaria, sandpit 2 km w Mitterlern (11 km ese Freising) [48.387°N 11.898°E]; 2♂♂ 1♀, 26.vii.2021, Brandenburg, Alte Emster ne Wust [52.417°N 12.623°E]; 1♀, 18.vii.2022, Brandenburg, beach Lochower See [52.685°N 12.446°E]; 2♂♂, 13.viii.2015, Brandenburg, Elbe nw Cumlosen [53.039°N 11.652°E]; 2♂♂, 14.v.2022, Brandenburg, Fauler See sw Brandenburg [52.358°N 12.437°E]; 2♂♂, 13.viii.2015, Brandenburg, ponds Cumlosen [53.027°N 11.651°E]; 2♂♂, 16.vii.2022, Brandenburg, Gördensee s beach [52.429°N 12.487°E]; 1♂, 14.v.2022, Brandenburg, meadows s Pritzerber See [52.486°N 12.471°E]; 1♂, 26.vii.2021, Brandenburg, Havel, 1 km nne Gollwitz [52.429°N 12.650°E]; 4♂♂, 14.v.2022, Brandenburg, Havel nw Kützkow [52.501°N 12.447°E]; 1♂, 16.vii.2022, dito; 1♂ 2♀♀, 18.vii.2022, Brandenburg, Hundswiesen 2 km ne Semlin [52.673°N 12.400°E]; 1♀, 18.vii.2022, Brandenburg, ditches w Wolfsmühle [52.517°N 12.292°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 7.v.2016, Brandenburg, Lunow Stolper Polder close Stützkow [52.990°N 14.174°E]; 1♀, 13.viii.2015, Brandenburg, Mödlich, ponds „Alte Fischerkate“ [53.078°N 11.390°E]; 3♂♂, 17.vii.2022, Brandenburg, northern banks Beetzsee [52.478°N 12.568°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 22.v.2015, Brandenburg, Oder e Vogelsang [52.184°N 14.685°E]; 2♂♂, 26.v.2015, Brandenburg, Oder n Briesnig [51.805°N 14.602°E]; 1♀, 22.v.2015, Brandenburg, Oder n Brieskow-Finkenheerd [52.269°N 14.585°E]; 1♀, 7.v.2016, Brandenburg, Oder close Stolpe [52.962°N 14.143°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 6.v.2016, Brandenburg, Zäckericker Loose [52.796°N 14.238°E]; 2♂♂, 16.vii.2022, Brandenburg, lake e Briest [52.441°N 12.434°E]; 1♂, 14.v.2022, Brandenburg, Seekamp Malge [52.369°N 12.476°E]; 2♂♂, 17.vii.2022, Brandenburg, lakes 1.5 km e Ketzür [52.494°N 12.652°E]; 1♀, 25.v.2015, Brandenburg, Spree e Hartmannsdorf [51.967°N 13.894°E]; 1♂, 18.vii.2022, Brandenburg, Stremme 0.9 km wnw Wilhelminental [52.507°N 12.286°E]; 1♂, 9.viii.2014, Brandenburg, se banks Kolpinsee [52.349°N 12.798°E]; 6♂♂, 26.vii.2021, Brandenburg, swamp e Brandenburg [52.409°N 12.578°E]; 2♂♂, 15.vii.2022, dito; 1♂, 16.vii.2022, Brandenburg, swamp nw Tieckow [52.470°N 12.445°E]; 2♂♂, 16.vii.2022, Brandenburg, ponds Brielow [52.465°N 12.532°E]; 2♂♂ 1♀, 31.vii.2013, Brandenburg, Oder near Gartz [53.205°N 14.383°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 15.v.2022, Brandenburg, Am Streng [52.357°N 12.688°E]; 2♂♂, 9.viii.2014, Brandenburg, meadows nw Netzener See [52.357°N 12.701°E]; 1♀, 15.v.2022, dito; 1♀, 18.vii.2024, Bremen, Pannlake [53.120°N 8.878°E]; 1♀, 24.vii.2019, Bremen, Stadtwald [53.104°N 8.835°E]; 4♂♂ 1♀, 18.vii.2024, Bremen, salt place Rethrihen [53.046°N 8.755°E]; 2♀♀, 14.vi.2007, Bremen, ponds w Neustädter Hafen [53.099°N 8.728°E]; 1♂, 23.vii.2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Bugewitz [53.789°N 13.835°E]; 2♂♂, 12.viii.2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Elbufer 6.5 km w Boitzenburg [53.375°N 10.624°E]; 1♀, 12.viii.2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Elbe Gothmann [53.360°N 10.735°E]; 2♂♂ 3♀♀, 12.viii.2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Herrensee 1.4 km s Dömitz [53.120°N 11.273°E]; 1♂, 3.vii.2013, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, island Gormitz [54.033°N 13.926°E]; 1♂, 12.v.2013, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Peene s Gützkow [53.923°N 13.424°E]; 1♀, 25.vii.2015, dito; 3♀♀, 24.vii.2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, polder s Klotzow [53.889°N 13.832°E]; 1♀, 5.vi.2016, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rügen, beach Lietzow [54.481°N 13.507°E]; 1♂, 5.vi.2016, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rügen, marsh 3 km sw Prora [54.419°N 13.544°E]; 1♂, 9.v.2013, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, banks n Brandshagen [54.255°N 13.192°E]; 1♀, 2.vii.2013, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, pond nw Balm [53.960°N 13.996°E]; 1♀, 11.v.2008, Lower Saxony, sand pit 2 km sw Sumte [53.267°N 10.855°E]; 1♂, 20.iv.2018, Lower Saxony, Achterholz ne Karze [53.318°N 10.707°E]; 1♂, 24.vi.2023, Lower Saxony, Aller e Hönisch [52.919°N 9.221°E]; 1♂, 16.v.2009, Lower Saxony, Aller 1 km nw Bockelskamp [52.587°N 10.140°E]; 1♂, 16.vii.2021, Lower Saxony, Aller 1.5 km ssw Böhme [52.778°N 9.463°E]; 1♂ 2♀♀, 16.v.2009, Lower Saxony, Aschauteiche s B191 2 km ne Eschede [52.748°N 10.266°E]; 2♂♂, 30.iii.2021, Lower Saxony, beach Radegast [53.343°N 10.735°E]; 3♂♂, 2.vi.2024, Lower Saxony, Baltrum, pond 600 m nne Jugendbildungsstätte [53.730°N 7.404°E]; 1♀, 3.vii.2005, Lower Saxony, Beverner Wald [53.438°N 9.216°E]; 2♂♂, 7.vii.2023, Lower Saxony, Bingumgaste, Elsterweg [53.215°N 7.389°E]; 1♀, 8.vi.2003, Lower Saxony, Borkum, dunes [53.609°N 6.765°E]; 1♀, 15.vii.2023, Lower Saxony, Borkum, meadows n airport [53.599°N 6.702°E]; 1♂, 11.iii.2017, Lower Saxony, Ditzumerverlaat, ice skating rink [53.261°N 7.268°E]; 1♂, 13.v.2018, dito; 1♀, 30.viii.2020, Lower Saxony, Dollart, Bohrinsel [53.293°N 7.229°E]; 1♀, 8. iv.2018, Lower Saxony, Dollart, border Netherlands [53.238°N 7.210°E]; 1♀, 28.viii.2004, Lower Saxony, Ubbehausen/B72/Leda [530183°N 7.647°E]; 1♂ 3♀♀, 25.iv.2003, Lower Saxony, Dyksterhusen [53.294°N 7.242°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 9.vi.2005, dito; 1♀, 3.iv.2021, dito; 2♂♂, 17.v.2007, Lower Saxony, Eeste Heimbruch [53.438°N 9.673°E]; 1♀, 20.iv.2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe n Katemin close Neu Darchau [53.236°N 10.876°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 11.v.2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Viehle [53.258°N 10.832°E]; 1♂, 7.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe 2 km n Alt Garge [53.285°N 10.791°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 6.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Damnatz [53.136°N 11.179°E]; 2♀♀, 6.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Fähranlegen Pevestorf [53.076°N 11.451°E]; 1♀, 6.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Gorleben [53.052°N 11.354°E]; 2♀♀, 16.vii.2009, dito; 1♀, 26.v.2017, dito; 1♂, 6.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Jasebeck [53.163°N 11.135°E]; 1♀, 16.vii.2009, dito; 1♀, 6.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Kaltenhof [53.126°N 11.248°E]; 1♀, 16.vii.2009, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Lasse [53.068°N 11.317°E]; 1♂, 15.vii.2009, Lower Saxony, Elbe n Sassendorf [53.358°N 10.571°E]; 2♂♂ 1♀, 10.vi.2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe nw Hitzacker zwischen Mündung Alte Jeetzel und Wasserwerk [53.165°N 11.025°E]; 3♂♂, 30.iii.2021, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Alt Garge [53.264°N 10.809°E]; 1♂, 15.vii.2009, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Barförde, Verwerder [53.364°N 10.664°E]; 1♂, 20.iv.2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Garze [53.305°N 10.720°E]; 3♂♂, 8.vi.2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Tiessau [53.183°N 10.995°E]; 1♀, 17.v.2020, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Tiessau, Waldstandort [53.177°N 11.006°E]; 1♂, 17.v.2020, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Wussegel [53.136°N 11.080°E]; 1♂, 7.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe Tiemesland [53.190°N 10.981°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 9.vi.2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe Walmsburg [53.246°N 10.844°E]; 2♂♂, 30.iii.2021, dito; 3♂♂ 1♀, 10.vi.2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe between Hitzacker and Wussegel [53.143°N 11.069°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 17.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, Ems B213, 2 km sw Lingen [52.497°N 7.288°E]; 1♀, 13.v.2005, Lower Saxony, Ems Coldam [53.206°N 7.409°E]; 1♀, 6.vi.2003, Lower Saxony, Ems, Hohegaste [53.260°N 7.403°E]; 1♂, 14.vi.2005, dito; 1♂, 26.v.2024, Lower Saxony, Ems n Emstunnel [53.240°N 7.402°E]; 1♂, 18.v.2024, Lower Saxony, Ems, Pogum [53.320°N 7.254°E]; 1♂, 30.viii.2020, Lower Saxony, Ems, Soltborg [53.230°N 7.402°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 5.iv.2023, dito; 1♀, 16.iii.2003, Lower Saxony, Ems w Nüttermoor [53.269°N 7.405°E]; 1♀, 3.iv.2004, dito; 1♀, 6.v.2006, dito; 2♂♂, 22.viii.2017, dito; 1♂, 15.vii.2009, Lower Saxony, Fähranleger Neu Darchau [53.233°N 10.891°E]; 2♀♀, 24.iv.2004, Lower Saxony, meadows nw Holssel [53.700°N 8.620°E]; 1♀, 23.v.2009, Lower Saxony, fen s NSG "Beierstein" [51.687°N 10.244°E]; 1♀, 28.vii.2018, Lower Saxony, Wieda sw Walkenried [51.579°N 10.616°E]; 1♂, 27.v.2017, Lower Saxony, Gartower See [53.035°N 11.447°E]; 1♂, 31.iii.2021, dito; 1♂ 2♀♀, 29.iv.2007, Lower Saxony, Grosses Giebelmoor [52.508°N 10.940°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 11.v.2024, Lower Saxony, Heerter See (Klärteich III) [52.108°N 10.385°E]; 1♂, 16.iv.2004, Lower Saxony, Ihlower forest [53.404°N 7.452°E]; 1♂, 22.iv.2018, dito; 1♀, 12.v.2008, Lower Saxony, Jeetzel near Seerau [53.002°N 11.168°E]; 1♂, 20.viii.2024, Lower Saxony, Kalihalde Riedel ne Hänigsen [52.493°N 10.106°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 21.viii.2024, Lower Saxony, Kalihalde Sehnde [52.311°N 9.954°E]; 1♂, 23.v.2009, Lower Saxony, swamp Beierfelde [51.698°N 10.248°E]; 1♀, 20.vi.2008, Lower Saxony, sand pit 2 km n Häsefeld [52.998°N 9.172°E]; 1♂, 4.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, sand pit Hollbecker Berg 1 km wsw Heessel [53.671°N 9.104°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 29.vii.2007, Lower Saxony, sand pit Tramm [53.060°N 11.068°E]; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 9.vi.2018, Lower Saxony, Laascher Insel [53.039°N 11.423°E]; 1♂, 4.iv.2023, Lower Saxony, Leda n Esklum [53.212°N 7.446°E]; 1♂, 27.xi.2022, Lower Saxony, Leer, Evenburgpark [53.230°N 7.494°E]; 1♂, 27.v.2007, Lower Saxony, Leer, forest near sewage treatment plant [53.230°N 7.428°E]; 1♀, 27. vi.2021, Lower Saxony, Leyhörn, 1.9 km nw Greetsiel [53.512°N 7.068°E]; 1♂, 30.iv.2023, Lower Saxony, Lutter n Wassermühle Eldingen [52.690°N 10.335°E]; 1♀, 2.v.2009, Lower Saxony, Marka sw Markhausen [52.923°N 7.827°E]; 1♂, 1.viii.2018, Lower Saxony, „Neuer Teich“ near Zorge [51.651°N 10.629°E]; 2♀♀, 18.ix.2024, dito; 1♂, 15.vii.2009, Lower Saxony, Niedermarschachter Werder [53.421°N 10.359°E]; 1♂, 22.vi.2024, Lower Saxony, Norderney, parc n Marienstrasse [53.706°N 7.152°E]; 1♀, 23.vi.2024, Lower Saxony, Norderney, bog forest Südstrandpolder [53.708°N 7.186°E]; 1♀, 16.v.2004, Lower Saxony, NSG "Borkener Paradies" [52.721°N 7.238°E]; 1♂, 17.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, NSG "Meppener Kuhweide" [52.666°N 7.257°E]; 1♀, 3.viii.2018, Lower Saxony, Oker 1.6 km nnw Altenau [51.816°N 10.438°E]; 1♀, 21.v.2009, Lower Saxony, Oker n Wiedelah [51.972°N 10.582°E]; 1♂, 23.v.2009, Lower Saxony, rainwater retention basin Nettetal e Mechtshausen [51.920°N 10.128°E]; 2♀♀, 27.viii.2024, Lower Saxony, Reihersee s Gebhardshagen [52.096°N 10.347°E]; 1♂, 29.iii.2003, Lower Saxony, Rorichumer Tief near Ayenwolde [53.358°N 7.444°E]; 1♀, 30.iii.2003, Lower Saxony, Rysumer Nacken [53.362°N 7.001°E]; 1♀, 6.v.2006, dito; 1♂ 1♀, 30.iii.2007, dito; 1♂ 1♀, 27.viii.2024, Lower Saxony, salty ditch Salzdahlum near Braunschweig [52.199°N 10.601°E]; 2♂♂, 5.v.2024, Lower Saxony, salt place 1 km sw Volzendorf [52.885°N 11.246°E]; 1♂ 2♀♀, 20.viii.2024, dito; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 18.vii.2024, Lower Saxony, salt place Ahausen near Rotenburg [53.081°N 9.288°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 21.v.2009, Lower Saxony, salt place Barnstorf [52.101°N 10.809°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 9.v.2024, dito; 1♂ 1♀, 19.viii.2024, Lower Saxony, salt place within Kuhbruch e Mengeborstel [52.925°N 9.794°E]; 4♂♂, 21.viii.2024, Lower Saxony, Klein Oedesse [52.383°N 10.219°E]; 1♂, 28.vii.2007, Lower Saxony, salt place Schreyahn [52.931°N 11.076°E]; 1♀, 28.v.2017, Lower Saxony, sand pit 1 km wnw Stixe [53.211°N 10.998°E]; 1♂, 2.v.2009, Lower Saxony, Thülsfelder Stausee [52.921°N 7.943°E]; 1♀, 1.v.2004, Lower Saxony, Schwinge, Wiepenkathen [53.570°N 9.432°E]; 1♀, 4.v.2008, Lower Saxony, pond s Soltborg [53.229°N 7.390°E]; 1♀, 9.vii.2006, Lower Saxony, forest Einbeck n Teufelsberg 1 km wnw Ammensen [51.910°N 9.839°E]; 1♂, 5.v.2018, Lower Saxony, beach Schillighörn [53.708°N 8.018°E]; 1♀, 4.vi.2005, Lower Saxony, Stückauer Wald 3 km ene Neuhaus [53.302°N 10.993°E]; 1♀, 28.vii.2007, Lower Saxony, swamp Planken [52.916°N 11.416°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 11.v.2024, Lower Saxony, Haverlahwiese [52.104°N 10.324°E]; 1♀, 6.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, Taube Elbe w Penkefitz [53.136°N 11.127°E]; 1♂, 8.viii.2021, Lower Saxony, pond 1.2 km ne Meetschow [53.056°N 11.399°E]; 2♀♀, 24.vi.2023, Lower Saxony, pond 500m se Barnstedt [52.865°N 9.297°E]; 2♂♂, 8.viii.2023, Lower Saxony, pond s Restorf [53.038°N 11.444°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 9.v.2024, Lower Saxony, pond 2 km wnw Grasleben [52.314°N 10.989°E]; 1♀, 24.vi.2023, Lower Saxony, ponds 700m nnw Barnstedt [52.875°N 9.289°E]; 2♀♀, 17.v.2009, Lower Saxony, ponds Hansadamm w Hademstorf [52.714°N 9.621°E]; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 18.v.2007, Lower Saxony, Thörenwald [53.329°N 9.553°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 16.viii.2009, Lower Saxony, Thülsfelder Stausee, [52.910°N 7.948°E]; 1♂, 1.v.2008, Lower Saxony, Timmeler Meer [53.355°N 7.510°E]; 1♂, 6.vi.2022, Lower Saxony, dry grasland 600m w Roringen [51.559°N 9.996°E]; 1♀, 19.v.2007, Lower Saxony, meadows Oste 1 km s Laumühlen [53.614°N 9.185°E]; 1♂, 25.iv.2009, Lower Saxony, Wangerooge [53.789°N 7.901°E]; 1♂, 3.ix.2021, Lower Saxony, ditch 1.8 km w Ihrhove [53.166°N 7.428°E]; 1♀, 30.iii.2003, Lower Saxony, Wybelsumer Polder [53.341°N 7.104°E]; 1♂, 19.vi.2022, Saarland, Prims ne Schattertriesch [49.471°N 6.860°E]; 2♂♂, 19.vi.2022, Saarland, ponds n Bilsdorf [49.386°N 6.817°E]; 1♂, 19.vi.2022, Saarland, Theel w Knorscheid [49.400°N 6.868°E]; 1♀, 24.vii.2010, Saxony-Anhalt, Elbe 1 km e Werder near Beuster [52.945°N 11.822°E]; 1♀, 6.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, meadows ne Frose close Aschersleben [51.801°N 11.388°E]; 9♂♂ 3♀♀, 3.vi.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salzal between Langenbogen und Köllme [51.492°N 11.784°E]; 7♂♂ 3♀♀, 8.viii.2011, dito; 1♀, 28.vi.2010, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See n Aselebener Pumpensee [51.479°N 11.681°E]; 13♂♂ 4♀♀, 2.vi.2011, dito; 6♂♂ 1♀, 7.viii.2011, dito; 1♂ 2♀♀, 7.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See n Unterröblingen [51.471°N 11.668°E]; 1♂ 3♀♀, 7.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See, Igelsumpf [51.470°N 11.6787°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 2.vi.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See, Teufe [51.470°N 11.673°E]; 9♂♂, 7.viii.2011, dito; 1♀, 6.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, salt place “Alte Ziegelei“ se Loitsche [52.297°N 11.711°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 3.vi.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, salt place e Teutschenthal Bahnhof [51.465°N 11.779°E]; 1♂ 3♀♀, 6.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, salt place Sülldorf [52.027°N 11.567°E]; 1♀, 8.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, salt place Teutschenthal zw. Kalihalde und B80 [51.472°N 11.765°E]; 1♂, 7.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Süsser See, beach Aseleben [51.490°N 11.672°E]; 2♂♂, 7.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Süsser See, salt meadows near Aseleben [51.491°N 11.671°E]; FINLAND: 1♀, 29.vii.2020, Kymenlaakso, harbour Hamina [60.563°N 27.194°E]; 2♂♂, 19.vii.2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, 2.6 km w Varjakka [64.909°N 25.048°E]; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 20.vii.2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, harbour 2.4 km nne Martinhovi [65.233°N 25.310°E]; FRANCE: 1♀, 1.viii.2019, salt swamp 4 km nwn Gruissan [43.129°N 3.047°E]; 3♂♂, 22.iii.1999, Gard, Aiguess-Mortes, Tour Carbonnière [43.592°N 4.207°E], fauchage sur de la végétation aquatique, leg. M. Martinez; 1♀, 3.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, beach s Lacanau Océan [44.974°N 1.202°W]; 1♀, 9.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Canal des Étangs w Lauros [44.836°N 1.153°W]; 1♂, 10.vii.2024, dito; 1♀, 1.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, harbour Arès [44.764°N 1.150°W]; 1♀, 5.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Lac d’ Hourtin, w shore area [45.164°N 1.070°W]; 2♂♂ 1♀, 30.vi.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Lac de Carcans, ssw shore area [45.066°N 1.108°W]; 1♂, 11.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Lacanau, Canal de la Berle [44.973°N 1.078°W]; 1♂, 8.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Lacanau, n harbour [44.980°N 1.097°W]; 1♂, 28.vi.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, lake north of Étang de Batourtot [44.922°N 1.126°W]; 2♂♂, 3.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Piqueyrot, Lac d’ Hourtin [45.206°N 1.127°W]; GEORGIA: 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 12.vii.2019, Kochki river s Epremovka [41.189°N 43.748°E]; 2♂♂ 1♀, 11.vii.2019, lake Kartsakhi wsw Kartsakhi [41.236°N 43.249°E]; GREECE: 1♀, 26.x.2011, Lesbos, Voulgaris e Gavathas [39.281°N 26.014°E]; 1♀, 26.iv.2011, Rodopi, pond e Lagos [41.003°N 25.175°E]; 1♀, 26.iv.2011, Rodopi, Vosvozis sw Mosaiko [41.076°N 25.174°E]; 1♂, 27.iv.2011, Serres, harbour Mandhraki [41.257°N 23.140°E]; 1♂, 23.iv.2011, Thessaloniki, northern shore Koronia [40.697°N 23.204°E]; 5♂♂ 1♀, 26.iv.2011, Xanthi, Lagune n Lagos [41.011°N 25.092°E]; 4♂♂, 25.iv.2011, Xanthi, riparian forest Nestos w Zilotis [40.91°N 24.788°E]; ITALY: 1♀, 9.iv.2022, Sicily, beach 1.6 km wsw Granelli [36.704°N 15.000°E]; 1♀, 10.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Ipari 5.0 km sw Vittoria [36.911°N 14.503°E]; 2♂♂, 14.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Irminiio at Lago Santa Rosalia [36.996°N 14.778°E]; 2♂♂ 1♀, 10.iv.2022, Sicily, meadow 4 km ese Scoglitti [36.880°N 14.473°E]; 4♂♂ 4♀♀, 12.iv.2022, Sicily, Reserve Il Biviere [37.025°N 14.346°E]; 3♂♂, 14.iv.2022, Sicily, Torrente Bafarano at Lago Santa Rosalia [36.988°N 14.778°E]; 1♂ 1♀, 14.iv.2022, Sicily, Torrente Gria at Lago Santa Rosalia [36.982°N 14.787°E]; KYRGYZSTAN: 1♂, 21.v.2019, river bed ca. 2.5 km s Ak-Suu [39.874°N 69.372°E]; MOROCCO: 1♂, 24.iii.2016, meadows at Qued Lahlou, Asilah [35.474°N 6.026°W], 0; PORTUGAL: 1♂, 14.ix.2011, Aveiro, Estarreja, Canelas [40.717°N 8.567°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1♀, 21.x.2011, dito; 1♀, 2.viii.2022, Beja, Mértola, Mértola [37.617°N 7.650°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1♂, 6.x.2015, Bragança, Vimioso, Algoso [41.450°N 6.583°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1♀, 15.v.2018, dito; 16♂♂ 22♀♀, 5.vi.2013, Coimbra, Coimbra, Arzila [40.179°N 8.555°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1♀, 24.vii.2013, dito; 2♀♀, 8.v.2013, Coimbra, Coimbra, Sé Nova [40.200°N 8.417°W], leg. A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA; 1♂, 27.iii.2018, Faro, beach 6.7 km e Tavira [37.149°N 7.571°W]; 1♂, 19.iii.2018, Faro, coastal lake 2.2 km ese Armação de Pêra [37.099°N 8.335°W]; 1♂, 28.iii.2018, Faro, creek 4 km nw Monte Gordo [37.200°N 7.489°W]; 1♂ 1♀, 26.iii.2018, Faro, marsh 3.9 km s Azinhal [37.249°N 7.464°W]; 2♂♂, 18.iii.2018, Faro, marsh s Lagoa [37.128°N 8.454°W]; 1♂, 26.iii.2018, Faro, salt marsh 2.0 km ene Monte Francisco [37.240°N 7.428°W]; 1♂ 1♀, 21.ix.2012, Leiria, Caldas da Rainha, Tornada [39.448°N 9.135°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 5.viii.2013, Santarém, Golegã, Golegã [39.394°N 8.534°W], leg. A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA; 1♂, 11.vii.2020, Santarém, Tomar, Além da Ribeira [39.650°N 8.417°W], leg. R. Andrade &amp; A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA; 1♂, 24.iii.2018, Setúbal, creek bank 9.2 km se Alcácer do Sal [38.311°N 8.432°W]; 5♂♂, 24.iii.2018, Setúbal, rice fields 1.5 km ese São Romão do Sado [38.251°N 8.359°W]; 10♂♂ 1♀, 24.iii.2018, Setúbal, rice fields 12.8 km se Alcácer do Sal [38.288°N 8.405°W]; 1♂, 24.iii.2018, Setúbal, rice fields 2.7 km ene Xarraminha [38.248°N 8.299°W]; 4♂♂, 24.iii.2018, Setúbal, rice fields s Barrosinha [38.358°N 8.483°W]; 1♂, 22.iii.2018, Setúbal, rice fields w Comporta [38.382°N 8.794°W]; 1♂ 3♀♀, 24.iii.2018, Setúbal, river marsh 2.4 km ese Alcácer do Sal [38.367°N 8.538°W]; 1♂ 1♀, 22.iii.2018, Setúbal, salt marsh 9.5 km ssw Melides [38.073°N 8.789°W]; RUSSIA: 1♀, 9–13.vii.2021, Republic of Mordovia, 2 km north-west of Ivanovka village [54.673°N 42.828°E], 2 km north-west of Ivanovka village, yellow pan traps, leg. M. N. Esin; 1♂, 17–22.vii.2023, Republic of Mordovia, 3km north-west of Bogdanovka village [54.318°N 44.327°E], 3km north-west of Bogdanovka village, yellow pan traps, leg. M. N. Esin; 1♂, 1–06.ix.2023, Republic of Mordovia, Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Pushta settlement, pond [54.706°N 43.223°E], Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Pushta settlement, pond, yellow pan traps, leg. Tomkovich K; 1♀, 16–20.vii.2021, Republic of Mordovia, Telimerki village [54.736°N 42.788°E], Telimerki village, yellow pan traps, leg. M. N. Esin</p><p>Diagnosis: A difficult species, although typical specimens are quite striking. It is recognised by the lack of distinct markings on the wings which are almost entirely hyaline. Similarly, almost hyaline wings can be found in Parydra s. str., P. minor and immature specimens of P. pubera . Parydra s. str. and P. pubera can be ruled out based on the characters of the subgenus and as described in the key. Immature specimens can usually be recognised as such due to their pale appearance and underdeveloped sclerotization. Identification of such specimens may not be possible without examination of the male terminalia. Parydra minor can be distinguished using the characters presented in the key though intermediate specimens can occur. The preparation of the male terminalia or the sternites is necessary in these cases. The sternites of P. fossarum are hardly sclerotised with only a few strongly sclerotised patches. In P. minor the larger sternites are entirely and strongly sclerotised. Males of P. fossarum are recognised by their terminalia with the phallus having a long and distinct ventral keel in dorsal view (Fig. 52), lacking an apical notch, and with the tip of phallus cut straight off in lateral view (Fig. 54). The postgonite has a sharp lateral projection in dorsal view (Fig. 55).</p><p>Taxonomy: The interpretation of this species is discussed in Stuke (2023).</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Parydra fossarum has been confused with P. minor in previous works and the interpretation of literature records is difficult. For this reason, verified records listed above are shown in Fig. 103. However, it is widely distributed in Europe and one of the most common European Parydra (Fig. 110). There are no obvious distributional borders recorded in Europe. In Scandinavia it occurs at least north to 66°N. Outside of Europe it is recorded from Morocco and Kyrgyzstan. Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki (1990) show it to have a Holarctic distribution. A record from the Democratic Republic of Congo by Séguy (1934) should be checked carefully.</p><p>Biology: Parydra fossarum can be found in many different types of wetlands. Recorded habitats include lake and river shores, saline wetlands, wet meadows, springs and small streams. Typical habitats are densely vegetated, but it can also be found in sparsely vegetated habitats. Adults of this polyvoltine species have been recorded from March to October. Stigmatomyces trianguliapicalis has been reported to grow on P. fossarum (Majewski 1972, Rossi &amp; Cesari Rossi 1979, Rossi &amp; Christiane 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F38780835DFFFEFF6FFA1EC596F86D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808358FFC0FF6FFA38C3BEF8BE.text	03F387808358FFC0FF6FFA38C3BEF8BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) hautalai Stuke 2025	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) hautalai spec. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 8, 23, 56–61)</p><p>Holotype: 1 ♂ with these labels: (1) “Fi, Lapland, Vikajarvi / 1.2 km ene Vikajärvi / (66.625°N 26.219°E) / 21.7.2020 “; (2) „ Holotypus / Parydra hautalai / spec. nov. ♂ / Stuke det. 2024“. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.219&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.219/lat 66.625)">The</a> specimen is pinned using a minuten and is in excellent condition. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.219&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.219/lat 66.625)">The</a> holotype will be preserved in the collection of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki (MZH).</p><p>Paratypes: 1♂, 11.vi.1951, Ob Rovaniemi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.7/lat 66.5)">Pisa</a> [66.5°N 25.7°E], det. as P. mitis by Kahanpää, leg. H. Lindberg, coll. MZH ; 1♂, 15.viii.2022, small lake 15 km n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.176&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.107" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.176/lat 66.107)">Kuusamo</a> [66.107°N 29.176°E] ; 1♀, 30.vii.2020, Kymenlaakso, Kotka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.878&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=60.501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.878/lat 60.501)">Kymijoki</a> [60.501°N 26.878°E] ; 1♂, 22.vii.2020, Lapland, Alajoki 9.7 km sse <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.527&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=68.522" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.527/lat 68.522)">Tormänen</a> [68.522°N 27.527°E] ; 1♂, 22.vii.2020, Lapland, Juutuanvuono 2.8 km e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=68.899" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.095/lat 68.899)">Inari</a> [68.899°N 27.095°E] ; 1♀, 21.vii.2020, Lapland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=68.335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.332/lat 68.335)">Kakslauttanen</a> [68.335°N 27.332°E] ; 1♀, 20.vii.2020, Lapland, Keijoki 13 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.022&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.148" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.022/lat 66.148)">Tervola</a> [66.148°N 25.022°E] ; 1♂, 21.vii.2020, Lapland, Kortteenniska e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.663&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.663/lat 67.198)">Torvinen</a> [67.198°N 26.663°E] ; 3♂♂, 20.vii.2020, Lapland, Ounasjoki n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.71&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.515" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.71/lat 66.515)">Rovaniemi</a> [66.515°N 25.710°E] ; 3♂♂ 4♀♀, 21.vii.2020, Lapland, Vikajarvi 1.2 km ene <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.219&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.219/lat 66.625)">Vikajärvi</a> [66.625°N 26.219°E] ; 3♂♂ 6♀♀, 21.vii.2020, Lapland, Vuojoki 2.5 km nne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.105" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.638/lat 67.105)">Vuojärvi</a> [67.105°N 26.638°E] ; 1♂, 19.vii.2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, 2.9 km nne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.17&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=64.888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.17/lat 64.888)">Säikkälänperä</a> [64.888°N 25.170°E] ; 1♂, 27.vii.2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, Irninjoki 2 km nne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.863&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.515" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.863/lat 65.515)">Seppälä</a> [65.515°N 28.863°E] ; 1♂, 25.vii.2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, Kuusamo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.181&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.181/lat 65.972)">Perälampi</a> [65.972°N 29.181°E] ; 1♀, 19.vii.2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, Lonkkapudas 1.7 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.793&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=64.922" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.793/lat 64.922)">Pikkarala</a> [64.922°N 25.793°E] ; 1♂, 27.vii.2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, Mäntylampi 2.8 km n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.786&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.896" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.786/lat 65.896)">Jämsä</a> [65.896°N 29.786°E]. All paratypes are preserved in the collection PJHS if not mentioned otherwise .</p><p>Description Holotype (♂):</p><p>Length about 3.1 mm. Wing length = 2.2 mm. Head height = 0.4 mm.</p><p>Head black. Gena-eye-ratio (in lateral view genal height measured at the maximum eye height: eye height) = 0.15. Antenna black. Ocelli black-brown, forming an almost equilateral triangle. Frontal triangle and frontorbital plate subshining, frontal vita densely dusted. Frontal triangle broad, reaching to ptilinal suture. Face straight in lateral view, subshining with silver to golden microtrichia. Ocellar seta and two lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae about as large as inner and outer vertical setae; 1 prominent facial seta with 2 smaller setae below; 5 inconspicuous genal setae. Scutellum without any process. Scutum and scutellum subshining, without any pattern of dusting. Pleurae grey to brown dusted. Two rows of small acrostichal setae. Only prescutellar dorsocentral seta distinct, in front of this 6 setulae that become smaller anteriorly and that may represent additional dorsocentral setae. No prescutellar seta; 2 notopleural setae, anterior one smaller; 1 postalar seta; 1 large apical and 1 smaller sublateral scutellar setae; 1 small seta at posterior margin of anepisternum. Wing brown infuscate with conspicuous white spots anterior and posterior to crossveins dm-cu and crossvein r-m and slightly darker brown around veins and crossveins. Veins dark brown. Knob of haltere black to dark brown and stem of haltere brown. Legs with tarsi black. Legs grey dusted except for the posterior surface of hind leg which is mainly shining. Coxae with black to brown setulae only. Middle coxa with an outstanding black seta, middle tibia without any obvious setae or setulae. Hind femur with a row of inconspicuous brown setulae posteroventrally. Hind tibia in the apical half with long ventral setae. Hind margin of tergite 4 and entirety of tergite 5 with long setulae that are distinctly longer than maximum diameter of hind tibia. Tergite III–IV-ratio (length tergite 3 medially: length tergite 4 medially) = 0.8. Tergite IV–Vratio (length tergite 4 medially: length tergite 5 medially) = 0.5. Sternites 3–4 as Fig. 61, sternite 5 not recognised due to lacking sclerotization or being fused with the hypandrium. Sternites 3–4 equally sclerotised. Sternites with scattered, inconspicuous setulae only. Epandrium as Fig. 60: without obvious characters. Subepandrial plate not developed. Hypandrium as shown in Fig. 57. Postgonite as shown in Fig. 56: base almost triangular with a distinct long, narrow tip. Phallus as shown in Figs. 56 and 58: narrow and with distinct apical notch in dorsal view; with characteristic upcurved tip in lateral view. Phallus apodeme as shown in Figs. 56 and 58: fused with phallus, short, broad at its junction with phallus. Lateral arms of phallus apodeme triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 56).</p><p>Variation: Freshly emerged specimens have almost hyaline wings.</p><p>Females: Agreeing with the description of the holotype with the exception of the genus specific characters of the postabdomen. Tergite 6 can usually be seen in dried specimens and is about half as long as tergite 5.</p><p>Diagnosis: The main characters of P. hautalai are (i) the uniformly dusted scutum without medial or submedial dusting stripes or dusting spots at transverse suture, (ii) its small size with wing length 2.0– 2.4 mm, (iii) black legs, (iv) subshining face clearly contrasting with the strong dusting on the frontal vita and (v) typically strongly brown infuscated wing without separated spots apically at media m and radius r 2+3. In male specimens (vi) tergite 5 is clearly longer than tergite 4 and both have obvious long setulae. The male terminalia are unique with (vii) the phallus narrow in dorsal view and obviously upcurved in lateral view and (viii) the postgonite with a triangular base and an elongated narrow tip.</p><p>Derivatio nominis: The species is dedicated to the Finish photographer Hannu Hautala (1941–2023) who lived in Kuusamo. His magnificent Book “Kuukkelin maa” came to my attention when I was sixteen and motivated me to visit Finland to experience the great nature around Kuusamo.</p><p>Distribution: So far P. hautalai is only recorded from Finland (Fig. 111) where it is widely distributed. Due to the confusion with other Parydra species it may turn out to be more widely distributed and occur outside of Finland.</p><p>Biology: Specimens were swept from fens, shores of lakes and sparsely to densely vegetated riverbanks. Existing records are from June to August. However, this only reflects the collecting activity of the author.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808358FFC0FF6FFA38C3BEF8BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808365FFC3FF6FFF34C6A9FA72.text	03F387808365FFC3FF6FFF34C6A9FA72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) hecate (Haliday 1833)	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) hecate (Haliday, 1833)</p><p>(Figs. 9, 24, 62–65)</p><p>Ephydra hecate Haliday 1833: 175; type-locality: „Holywood in Downshire“ [Britain]; syntype 2♂ / ♀ [NMID, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995].</p><p>Parydra obliqua Becker 1896: 215–216; type-locality: „Karlovac, Kroatien “ [Croatia]; lectotype ♂, des. by Papp (1979) [ZMB, Papp 1979]—available, invalid: junior synonym (Becker 1926)</p><p>Napaea consors Cresson 1930: 111; type-locality: „Ombla Tal, Dalmatia“ [Croatia]; holotype ♂ [ANSP, Cresson 1930] synonymy by Krivosheina (1989)</p><p>Napaea albifacies Duda 1942: 39; type-locality: „Wustung b. Habelschwerdt“ [Poland]; lectotype ♂, des. by Papp 1979 [ZMB, Papp 1979], jr. syn. nov.</p><p>Parydra ralloi Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini 1978: 199–200; type-locality: „Torbiere d’Iseo (Brescia), il Mulino“ [Italy]; holotype ♂ [MSNV, Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini (1978)], jr. syn. nov.</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>1♂ lectotype of P. obliqua in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ Kroatien / 4011”; (2) “ Parydra / obliqua [&amp; illegible signs]”; (3) “ Lectotypus ”; (4) “Zool. Mus. / Berlin ” .</p><p>♂ lectotype of P. albifacies in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “22 22”; (2) “Wustung / bei Habelschwerdt / I. Duda ”; (3) “albifacies / [illegible sign] ♀ d. D.“; (4) „ Lectotypus “ .</p><p>Additional material examined: 286 specimens from Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Portugal and European Russia with new country records from Cyprus and Georgia: Material: CYPRUS : 1♀, 2.vii.2016, river n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.885/lat 35.068)">Flasou</a> [35,068°N 32,885°E]; GEORGIA : 1♀, 26.vii.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.955&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.785" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.955/lat 41.785)">Varjanauli</a> [41.785°N 41.955°E] .</p><p>Diagnosis: This is a difficult species which can be confused with several other Parydra . Only a combination of characters will reliably distinguish this species. Parydra hecate has black tibiae, strongly marked wings with media m and radius r 2+3 each with a distinct elongated apical brown spot, typically the haltere knob is light, the scutum has white to grey dusted spots at the transverse suture and a medial stripe of light dusting in additional to submedial stripes (Fig. 24), 1 strong prescutellar seta and additional 2–3 smaller dorsocentral setae. These characters can be difficult to see in aberrant, old or recently emerged specimens. Males are additionally distinguished from similar species by tergite 5 being slightly shorter than tergite 4, the phallus having convex lateral margins in dorsal view (Fig. 62) and the lateral margin of postgonite being concave but lacking a notch in dorsal view (Fig. 62). The separation of P. quinquemaculata from P. hecate is currently based on the limited material examined and reference should be made to the characters given in the key.</p><p>Taxonomy: The identification of the lectotype and all other original type material (6♂♂, 2♀♀) of P. albifacies shows that the specimens belong to P.hecate as described above and do not show the characters of P. quinquemaculata as postulated by Papp (1979). Therefore P. albifacies should be treated as a junior synonym of P. hecate (syn. nov.).</p><p>Parydra ralloi was described by Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini (1978) in their typically brief style without any diagnostic characters. Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini (1983) distinguish P. ralloi and P. hecate only by the colouration of the tarsi that are stated to be "tarsi interamente scuri" (tarsi entirely dark) in P. ralloi and "tarsi almeno in parte giallastrio o giallo-rossicci" (tarsi at least partly yellowish or reddish-yellow) in P. hecate . I have seen several specimens identified by Canzoneri as P. ralloi including four paratypes (cf. material listing) and I cannot find any character either externally or in the terminalia to distinguish P. ralloi from P. hecate . Therefore, Parydra ralloi Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini 1978 should be placed as a junior synonym of P. hecate (syn. nov.).</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed in Europe and probably becoming more abundant in the south. Surprisingly there are no records from Scandinavia, Denmark or Iceland and records from northern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) north to 55°N might mark the northern distribution border. The only record from outside Europe is from Algeria (Rossi 1988). Some apparent distributional gaps may be the result of problems with the identification of this species.</p><p>Biology: Parydra hecate occurs in a wide range of habitats with available water. It has been recorded from both montane and lowland areas. Habitats include the margins of standing water or rivers, both forested and open areas and both densely and sparsely vegetated places. Despite its occurrence in a wide range of habitats this species occurs more locally in Central Europe than other similarly generalist Parydra species. Adults have been collected from February to October and are polyvoltine. Parydra hecate probably flies year-round in South Europe if climatic conditions are favourable. Stigmatomyces trianguliapicalis has been reported to grow on P. hecate (Rossi 1988, Santamaría &amp; Rossi 1993).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808365FFC3FF6FFF34C6A9FA72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808364FFC6FF6FF988C47EFD12.text	03F387808364FFC6FF6FF988C47EFD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra kahanpaai Stuke 2025	<div><p>Parydra kahanpaai spec. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 10, 66–70)</p><p>Holotype: 1 ♂ with these labels: (1) “Fennia [crosswritten] / Helsingin ymp. / 28.iv.1946 / L. Tiensuu “; (2) “barcode &amp; http://id.luomus.fi/ GV.19145 / Parydra / nigritarsis ♂ / Strobl, 1893 / J. Kahanpää det.”; (3) „ Holotypus / Parydra kahanpaai / spec. nov. ♂ / Stuke det. 2025“. The specimen is pinned using a minuten and is in excellent condition. The abdomen is dissected, macerated and stored in a glycerine microvial pinned underneath the specimen. The holotype will be preserved in the collection of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki (MZH).</p><p>Paratypes: FINLAND: 1♂, 31.vii.2022, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.662&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=60.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.662/lat 60.24)">Bodominjärvi</a>, Oitviken [60.240°N 24.662°E], coll. PJHS ; 2♂♂, 28.iv.1946, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.91&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=60.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.91/lat 60.2)">Helsingin</a> ymp. [60.2°N 24.91°E], leg. L. Tiensuu, coll. MZH &amp; PJHS ; 1♂, 12.v.1945, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.038&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=60.192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.038/lat 60.192)">Herttonieme</a> [60.192°N 25.038°E], leg. L. Tiensuu, coll. MZH ; 1♂, 15.viii.2022, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.229&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.229/lat 66.133)">Rukajärvi</a> 6 km se Ruka [66.133°N 29.229°E], coll. PJHS ; 1♂, 6.viii.–2.ix.2021, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.717" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.4/lat 48.717)">Talaskangas</a>, Kajaani, Sopenjoki [48.717°N 8.400°E], yellow tray, leg. I. Immonen, coll. PKW .</p><p>Additional material examined: FINLAND: 1♀, 15.viii.2022, Rukajärvi 6 km se Ruka [66.133°N 29.229°E], coll. PJHS; 1♀, 16.v.1945, Herttonieme [60.192°N 25.038°E], leg. L. Tiensuu, coll. MZH; 1♀, Kuusamo [65,96°N 29,16°E], no date, leg. Frey, coll. MZH .</p><p>Description Holotype (♂):</p><p>Length about 4.1 mm. Wing length = 2.9 mm. Head height = 0.7 mm.</p><p>Head black. Gena-eye-ratio (in lateral view genal height measured at the maximum eye height: eye height) = 0.3. Antenna black. Ocelli black-brown, forming an almost equilateral triangle. Frontal triangle and frontorbital plate subshining, frontal vita densely dusted. Frontal triangle broad, reaching to ptilinal suture. Face straight in lateral view, dusted with brown to golden microtrichia. Ocellar seta and two lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae about as large as inner and outer vertical setae; 1 prominent facial seta with 4 minute setae below; 3 inconspicuous genal setae. Scutellum without any process. Scutum and scutellum subshining. Scutum with indistinct submedial light dusting stripes only. Pleurae grey to brown dusted. Two rows of acrostichal setae. Only prescutellar dorsocentral seta distinct. No prescutellar seta; 2 notopleural setae, anterior one smaller; 1 postalar seta; 1 large apical and 1 smaller sublateral scutellar setae; 1 seta at posterior margin of anepisternum. Wing brown infuscate with conspicuous white spots anterior and posterior to crossveins dm-cu and crossvein r-m but not darker brown around veins and crossveins. Veins brown. Knob of haltere and stem light brown. Legs with tarsi black. Legs grey dusted except for the posterior surface of hind femur and the posterior surface of apical hind tibia which are mainly shining. Coxae with black to brown setulae only. Middle coxa with an outstanding black seta, middle tibia without any obvious setae or setulae. Hind femur with a row of inconspicuous brown setulae posteroventrally. Hind tibia in the apical half with long ventral setae. Tergites 4 and 5 without long setulae. Tergite III–IV-ratio (length tergite 3 medially: length tergite 4 medially) = 0.9. Tergite IV–V-ratio (length tergite 4 medially: length tergite 5 medially) = 1.1. Sternites 3–4 as Fig. 70, sternite 5 not recognised due to lacking sclerotization or being fused with the hypandrium. Sternites 3–4 equally sclerotised. Sternites with scattered, inconspicuous setulae only. Epandrium without obvious characters. Subepandrial plate not developed. Hypandrium as shown in Fig. 67. Postgonite as shown in Fig. 66 and 69: base with a distinct broad, rounded tip. Phallus as shown in Figs. 66 and 68: narrow and with distinct apical notch in dorsal view; not curved tip in lateral view. Phallus apodeme as shown in Figs. 66 and 68: fused with phallus, short, broad at its junction with phallus. Lateral arms of phallus apodeme inconspicuous in dorsal view (Fig. 66).</p><p>Females: Agreeing with the description of the holotype with the exception of the genus specific characters of the postabdomen. Tergite 6 can usually be seen in dried specimens and is about 1 / 3 as long as tergite 5.</p><p>Diagnosis: The main characters of P. kahanpaai are (i) strongly dusted face, (ii) broad gena, (iii) knob of the haltere light and (iv) wing brown infuscated without obvious wing markings nor additional vein stump. Together with P. arctica and P. nigritarsis it belongs to a group of similar species which share these characters. Contrary to P. nigritarsis it has (v) no medial dusting stripe on scutum and (vi) the crossveins are slightly darker infuscated than the remaining wing membrane. Additionally P. kahanpaai is separated from P. arctica by the subshining frontal triangle. The male terminalia of P. kahanpaai are characterized by the broad and rounded postgonite and a phallus that is not obviously curved.</p><p>Derivatio nominis: This species is dedicated to the Finnish entomologist Jere Kahanpää (Helsinki), who has significantly advanced Finnish Diptera research. The author is indebted to him for his patient support of his work with Finnish shore flies.</p><p>Biology: The only specimens collected by the author were swept along a lakeshore. Parydra kahanpaai is polyvoltine and has been recorded from April to August.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808364FFC6FF6FF988C47EFD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808361FFC9FF6FFD75C3E3FE62.text	03F387808361FFC9FF6FFD75C3E3FE62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) minor (Robineau-Desvoidy 1830)	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) minor (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)</p><p>(Figs. 12, 75–78)</p><p>Napaea stagnicola Variété B. Napaea minor Robineau-Desvoidy 1830: 800; locus typicus not given [presumably France]; syntype ♂ / ♀ [MNHN.1995].</p><p>Material examined: Material: CROATIA: 1♀, 14.vii.2018, Čikola 2 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.239&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.239/lat 43.841)">Otavice</a> [43.841°N 16.239°E] ; 1♀, 27.vi.2017, floodplain Danube 1 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.853/lat 45.668)">Tikveš</a> [45.668°N 18.853°E] ; 1♀, 4.vii.2018, Krka n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.802" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.966/lat 43.802)">Lozovac</a> [43.802°N 15.966°E] ; 2♂♂ 5♀♀, 19.vii.2018, Šarena Jezero near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.223/lat 44.027)">Knin</a> [44.027°N 16.223°E] ; 1♂, 19.vii.2018, small river 1 km e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.212&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.212/lat 43.975)">Ramljane</a> [43.975°N 16.212°E]; CYPRUS : 1♂ 1♀, 27.vi.2016, creek 1.5 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.866" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.733/lat 34.866)">Arminou</a> [34.866°N 32.733°E] ; 1♂, 2.vii.2016, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.827&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.827/lat 35.0)">Kalopanayiotis</a> [35.000°N 32.827°E] ; 5♂♂, 28.iii.2015, outflow reservoir 2.5 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.558&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.867" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.558/lat 34.867)">Meneou</a> [34.867°N 33.558°E] ; 2♂♂, 31.iii.2015, southern shore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.963&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.963/lat 35.027)">Paralimni lake</a> [35.027°N 33.963°E] ; 2♂♂, 31.iii.2015, western shore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.96&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.039" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.96/lat 35.039)">Paralimni lake</a> [35.039°N 33.960°E]; GERMANY : 2♂♂, 22.iv.2007, Lower Saxony, meadows <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.401&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.209" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.401/lat 53.209)">Coldam</a> [53.209°N 7.401°E] ; 1♂, 5.vii.2008, Lower Saxony, beach n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.07&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.644" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.07/lat 53.644)">Hooksieler Binnentief</a> [53.644°N 8.070°E] ; 1♂, 14.vii.2022, Lower Saxony, Bingumgaste, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.215" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.389/lat 53.215)">Elsterweg</a> [53.215°N 7.389°E] ; 1♀, 20.viii.2022, dito; 1♂, 5.ix.2022, dito; 1♂, 11.iii.2017, Lower Saxony, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.268&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.268/lat 53.261)">Ditzumerverlaat</a>, ice skating rink [53.261°N 7.268°E] ; 1♂, 9.v.2021, Lower Saxony, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.242&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.294" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.242/lat 53.294)">Dyksterhusen</a> [53.294°N 7.242°E] ; 1♂, 3.vi.2022, dito; 1♂, 13.v.2005, Lower Saxony, Ems, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.409&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.206" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.409/lat 53.206)">Coldam</a> [53.206°N 7.409°E] ; 3♀♀, 4.v.2008, Lower Saxony, Ems, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.355&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.296" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.355/lat 53.296)">Coldeborger Siel</a> [53.296°N 7.355°E] ; 2♂♂ 3♀♀, 12.iv.2005, Lower Saxony, Ems, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.403&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.403/lat 53.26)">Hohegaste</a> [53.260°N 7.403°E] ; 6♂♂, 26.iv.2005, dito; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 19.v.2005, dito; 1♂ 2♀♀, 14.vi.2005, dito; 1♂, 31.iii.2007, dito; 1♂, 15.vii.2024, Lower Saxony, Ems, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.254&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.32" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.254/lat 53.32)">Pogum</a> [53.320°N 7.254°E] ; 4♂♂, 12.vi.2018, Lower Saxony, Ems s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.403&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.283" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.403/lat 53.283)">Sautelersiel</a> [53.283°N 7.403°E] ; 1♀, 18.viii.2005, Lower Saxony, Ems w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.269" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.405/lat 53.269)">Nüttermoor</a> [53.269°N 7.405°E] ; 5♀♀, 6.v.2006, dito; 2♂♂, 22.viii.2017, dito; 1♂, 14.ix.2018, dito; 1♂, 21.vi.2008, Lower Saxony, Grosser Sonnenberg near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.513&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.755" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.513/lat 51.755)">St.Andreasberg</a> [51.755°N 10.513°E] ; 1♀, 20.v.2024, Lower Saxony, Jadebusen, salt marsh w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.32&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.512" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.32/lat 53.512)">Stollhamm</a> [53.512°N 8.320°E] ; 1♂, 4.iv.2023, Lower Saxony, Leda n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.212" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.446/lat 53.212)">Esklum</a> [53.212°N 7.446°E] ; 1♀, 23.vii.2021, Lower Saxony, Leyhörn, 1.9 km nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.068&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.512" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.068/lat 53.512)">Greetsiel</a> [53.512°N 7.068°E] ; 1♂, 20.viii.2016, Lower Saxony, NSG " <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.323&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.323/lat 53.108)">Tunxdorfer Schleife</a> " [53.108°N 7.323°E] ; 1♀, 24.viii.2008, Lower Saxony, ponds <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.282" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.25/lat 53.282)">Heinitzpolder</a> [53.282°N 7.250°E] ; 2♂♂, 24.v.2008, Lower Saxony, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.001/lat 53.362)">Rysumer Nacken</a> [53.362°N 7.001°E] ; 1♂, 9.iv.2009, dito; 1♀, 4.vi.2023, Lower Saxony, salt marsh <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.013/lat 53.406)">Leuchtfeuer Campen</a> [53.406°N 7.013°E] ; 1♂, 1.ix.2023, Lower Saxony, salt marsh n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.284&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.672" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.284/lat 53.672)">Hilgenriedersiel</a> [53.672°N 7.284°E] ; 2♂♂, 28.v.2007, Lower Saxony, salt marsh n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.049&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.504" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.049/lat 53.504)">Pilsumer</a> lighthouse [53.504°N 7.049°E] ; 1♀, 2.vii.2022, dito; 1♀, 20.vi.2008, Lower Saxony, Weser s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.01" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.988/lat 53.01)">Friedhof Uphusen</a> [53.010°N 8.988°E] ; 2♀♀, 5.v.2018, Lower Saxony, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.06&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.06/lat 53.501)">Wilhelmshaven</a>, marshes e airport [53.501°N 8.060°E] ; 1♂, 19.vi.2022, Saarland, ponds n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.386" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.817/lat 49.386)">Bilsdorf</a> [49.386°N 6.817°E]; FRANCE : 3♂♂ 1♀, 30.vii.2019, La Cesse, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.871&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.298" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.871/lat 43.298)">Cabezac</a> [43.298°N 2.871°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 3.viii.2019, river nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.605/lat 43.096)">Lagrasse</a> [43.096°N 2.605°E] ; 2♀♀, 1.viii.2019, salt swamp 4 km nwn <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=3.047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.129" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 3.047/lat 43.129)">Gruissan</a> [43.129°N 3.047°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 5.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.745" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.115/lat 44.745)">Andernos-les-Bains</a>, harbour [44.745°N 1.115°W] ; 1♂, 1.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bassin d’ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.773" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.164/lat 44.773)">Arcachon</a> n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.773" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.164/lat 44.773)">Claouey</a> [44.773°N 1.164°W] ; 2♂♂, 10.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Canal des Étangs w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.153&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.836" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.153/lat 44.836)">Lauros</a> [44.836°N 1.153°W] ; 1♀, 27.vi.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.115/lat 45.0)">Étang de Lacanau</a>, n shore area [45.000°N 1.115°W] ; 1♀, 28.vi.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.952" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.127/lat 44.952)">Étang de Lacanau</a>, sw shore area [44.952°N 1.127°W] ; 1♂, 30.vi.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.066" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.108/lat 45.066)">Lac de Carcans</a>, ssw shore area [45.066°N 1.108°W] ; 1♂ 1♀, 3.vii.2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.206" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.127/lat 45.206)">Piqueyrot</a>, Lac d’ Hourtin [45.206°N 1.127°W] ; 1♂ 1♀, 1.vii.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.168/lat 44.778)">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a>, wetland s Lège-Cap-Ferret [44.778°N 1.168°W]; GEORGIA : 5♂♂ 6♀♀, 30.vi.2019, 1.4 km wsw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.424" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.008/lat 41.424)">Ilmazlo</a> [41.424°N 45.008°E] ; 7♂♂ 9♀♀, 1.vii.2019, 2.8 km nnw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.598" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.326/lat 41.598)">Jikurebi lake</a> [41.598°N 45.326°E] ; 5♂♂, 10.vii.2019, Algeti river 0.8 km wnw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.379/lat 41.675)">Tskhrakudaani</a> [41.675°N 44.379°E] ; 1♂ 2♀♀, 13.vii.2019, Algeti river 3.4 km nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.469&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.469/lat 41.634)">Abrameti</a> [41.634°N 44.469°E] ; 2♂♂ 6♀♀, 13.vii.2019, Algeti river n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.579" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.567/lat 41.579)">Partskhisi</a> [41.579°N 44.567°E] ; 5♂♂ 3♀♀, 7.vii.2019, Aragvi river ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.778/lat 42.112)">Zhinvali</a> [42.112°N 44.778°E] ; 4♂♂ 4♀♀, 2.vii.2019, Blashoviskhevi river sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.97&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.78" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.97/lat 41.78)">Norio</a> [41.780°N 44.970°E] ; 1♂, 12.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.689/lat 41.198)">Bughdasheni lake</a> [41.198°N 43.689°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 13.vii.2019, Chili-Chili river in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.641" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.109/lat 41.641)">Beshtasheni</a> [41.641°N 44.109°E] ; 4♂♂ 1♀, 13.vii.2019, Chrami river n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.96&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.597" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.96/lat 41.597)">Tikilisa</a> [41.597°N 43.960°E] ; 8♂♂ 3♀♀, 30.vi.2019, Debeda river n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.051&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.34" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.051/lat 41.34)">Kirach-Mughanlo</a> [41.340°N 45.051°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 30.vi.2019, Debeda river w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.943/lat 41.389)">Didi Mughanlo</a> [41.389°N 44.943°E] ; 4♂♂ 10♀♀, 1.vii.2019, Iori river 8.5 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.388/lat 41.668)">Sagaredscho</a> [41.668°N 45.388°E] ; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 1.vii.2019, Iori river n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.539&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.539/lat 41.613)">Qaracop</a> [41.613°N 45.539°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 1.vii.2019, Iori river ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.181&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.181/lat 41.723)">Sartichala</a> [41.723°N 45.181°E] ; 1♂, 2.vii.2019, Jandara reservoir 1.6 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.187/lat 41.435)">Jandari</a> [41.435°N 45.187°E] ; 3♂♂ 1♀, 2.vii.2019, Jandara reservoir 2.8 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.212&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.451" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.212/lat 41.451)">Mzianeti</a> [41.451°N 45.212°E] ; 1♀, 2.vii.2019, Jandara reservoir 4.7 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.228&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.44" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.228/lat 41.44)">Mzianeti</a> [41.440°N 45.228°E] ; 7♂♂, 11.vii.2019, Kirkhbulaki river e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.327" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.484/lat 41.327)">Qulalisi</a> [41.327°N 43.484°E] ; 1♂, 12.vii.2019, Kochki river s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.748&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.748/lat 41.189)">Epremovka</a> [41.189°N 43.748°E] ; 2♀♀, 30.vi.2019, Kura river 1.9 km ese <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.042&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.418" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.042/lat 41.418)">Ilmazo</a> [41.418°N 45.042°E] ; 1♂, 9.vii.2019, Kura river 2.3 km nne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.282&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.948" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.282/lat 41.948)">Teliani</a> [41.948°N 44.282°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 9.vii.2019, Kura river 6.6 km e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.21&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.96" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.21/lat 41.96)">Khidistavi</a> [41.960°N 44.210°E] ; 1♂, 8.vii.2019, Kura river e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.04&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.073" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.04/lat 42.073)">Variani</a> [42.073°N 44.040°E] ; 1♂ 2♀♀, 8.vii.2019, Kura river n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.005" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.723/lat 42.005)">Akhalsheni</a> [42.005°N 43.723°E] ; 4♂♂ 4♀♀, 7.vii.2019, Kura river nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.599&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.599/lat 41.85)">Dzegvi</a> [41.850°N 44.599°E] ; 1♂, 9.vii.2019, Kura river se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.121&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.971" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.121/lat 41.971)">Gori</a> [41.971°N 44.121°E] ; 1♀, 29.vi.2019, Kura river, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.01&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.551" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.01/lat 41.551)">Rustawi</a> [41.551°N 45.010°E] ; 5♂♂ 3♀♀, 29.vi.2019, Kura valley 2.3 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.038&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.487" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.038/lat 41.487)">Akhalsheni</a> [41.487°N 45.038°E] ; 1♂, 29.vi.2019, Kura valley 2.7 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.034&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.034/lat 41.484)">Akhalsheni</a> [41.484°N 45.034°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 29.vi.2019, Kura valley se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.023&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.023/lat 41.52)">Rustawi</a> [41.520°N 45.023°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 11.vii.2019, lake Kartsakhi wsw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.249&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.236" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.249/lat 41.236)">Kartsakhi</a> [41.236°N 43.249°E] ; 9♂♂ 3♀♀, 10.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.287&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.287/lat 41.999)">lake Nadarbazevis</a> [41.999°N 44.287°E] ; 7♂♂ 1♀, 3.vii.2019, lakes 3.4 km n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.624&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.716" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.624/lat 42.716)">Tsdo</a> [42.716°N 44.624°E] ; 1♂, 2.vii.2019, Mariini Canal 3.4 km n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.167/lat 41.473)">Jandari</a> [41.473°N 45.167°E] ; 1♂, 11.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.423&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.423/lat 41.388)">Ozero Zres</a> [41.388°N 43.423°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 12.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.754&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.754/lat 41.297)">Saghamo lake</a> se banks [41.297°N 43.754°E] ; 4♂♂ 3♀♀, 10.vii.2019, small lake 2.2 km ene <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.215&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.215/lat 41.65)">Imera</a> [41.650°N 44.215°E] ; 1♀, 11.vii.2019, small lakes n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.291" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.373/lat 41.291)">Sulda</a> [41.291°N 43.373°E] ; 2♂♂, 1.vii.2019, small river 1.6 km wsw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.403&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.403/lat 41.721)">Tokhliauri</a> [41.721°N 45.403°E] ; 3♂♂ 4♀♀, 4.vii.2019, Snostskali river 0.6 km nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.633/lat 42.609)">Sno</a> [42.609°N 44.633°E] ; 3♂♂ 3♀♀, 3.vii.2019, Snostskali river 0.6 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.624&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.624/lat 42.618)">Achkhoti</a> [42.618°N 44.624°E] ; 3♂♂ 2♀♀, 4.vii.2019, Snostskali river 0.8 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.645/lat 42.6)">Sno</a> [42.600°N 44.645°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 8.vii.2019, Soramula river 1.7 km ene <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.841&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.047" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.841/lat 42.047)">Agara</a> [42.047°N 43.841°E] ; 1♂, 7.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.681&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.681/lat 42.044)">Tba</a> Bazalet´i [42.044°N 44.681°E] ; 1♂, 9.vii.2019, Tedzami river 1.4 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.913" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.316/lat 41.913)">Zemo Khandaki</a> [41.913°N 44.316°E] ; 2♂♂, 3.vii.2019, Terek river 0.4 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.624&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.624/lat 42.635)">Pansheti</a> [42.635°N 44.624°E] ; 1♂ 2♀♀, 3.vii.2019, Terek river 1.0 km wsw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.635&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.653" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.635/lat 42.653)">Stepantsminda</a> [42.653°N 44.635°E] ; 1♀, 3.vii.2019, Terek river 1.3 km sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.649" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.634/lat 42.649)">Stepantsminda</a> [42.649°N 44.634°E] ; 4♂♂, 4.vii.2019, Terek river 1.6 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.558" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.502/lat 42.558)">Ukhati</a> [42.558°N 44.502°E] ; 1♀, 11.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.357" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.436/lat 41.357)">Vachiani lake</a> [41.357°N 43.436°E] ; 7♂♂ 4♀♀, 9.vii.2019, wetland n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.17&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.964" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.17/lat 41.964)">Kvakhvreli</a> [41.964°N 44.170°E]; GREECE : 4♂♂, 25.x.2011, Lesbos, beach 1.5 km s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.153" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.142/lat 39.153)">Parakila</a> [39.153°N 26.142°E] ; 1♀, 25.x.2011, Lesbos, beach 3.5 km ssw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.141" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.122/lat 39.141)">Parakila</a> [39.141°N 26.122°E] ; 1♂, 24.x.2011, Lesbos, floodplain above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.126" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.085/lat 39.126)">Apothika</a> [39.126°N 26.085°E] ; 1♀, 24.x.2011, Lesbos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.226" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.189/lat 39.226)">lake Metochi</a> [39.226°N 26.189°E] ; 3♂♂ 4♀♀, 20.x.2011, Lesbos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.874&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.171" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.874/lat 39.171)">Meladia Valley</a> [39.171°N 25.874°E] ; 6♂♂ 3♀♀, 25.x.2011, Lesbos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.177&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.205" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.177/lat 39.205)">Potamia river</a> [39.205°N 26.177°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 21.x.2011, Lesbos, rivermouth <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.293&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.16" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.293/lat 39.16)">Vouvaris</a> [39.16°N 26.293°E] ; 3♂♂ 3♀♀, 18.x.2011, Lesbos, Tsiknias s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.223/lat 39.211)">Kalloni</a> [39.211°N 26.223°E] ; 8♂♂ 4♀♀, 25.x.2011, dito; 3♂♂ 2♀♀, 26.x.2011, Lesbos, Voulgaris e von <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.014&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.281" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.014/lat 39.281)">Gavathas</a> [39.281°N 26.014°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 26.iv.2011, Rodopi, pond e von <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.003" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.175/lat 41.003)">Lagos</a> [41.003°N 25.175°E] ; 5♂♂ 2♀♀, 26.iv.2011, Rodopi, salt lake near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.958" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.139/lat 40.958)">Fanari</a> [40.958°N 25.139°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 26.iv.2011, Rodopi, Vosvozis sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.174&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.076" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.174/lat 41.076)">Mosaiko</a> [41.076°N 25.174°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 28.iv.2011, Serres, eastern shore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.187" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.2/lat 41.187)">lake Kerkini</a> [41.187°N 23.2°E] ; 8♂♂ 5♀♀, 27.iv.2011, Serres, harbour <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.096&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.096/lat 41.208)">Kerkini</a> [41.208°N 23.096°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 27.iv.2011, Serres, harbour <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.14&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.257" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.14/lat 41.257)">Mandhraki</a> [41.257°N 23.140°E] ; 1♂ 2♀♀, 28.iv.2011, Serres, inflow lake Kerkini w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.206" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.075/lat 41.206)">Kerkini</a> [41.206°N 23.075°E] ; 7♂♂ 9♀♀, 27.iv.2011, Serres, pond s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.256" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.25/lat 41.256)">Vironia</a> [41.256°N 23.250°E] ; 3♂♂ 3♀♀, 28.iv.2011, Serres, Strymonas e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.134" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.256/lat 41.134)">Lithotopos</a> [41.134°N 23.256°E] ; 3♂♂ 2♀♀, 27.iv.2011, Serres, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.202&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.246" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.202/lat 41.246)">Strymonas river</a> mouth [41.246°N 23.202°E] ; 7♂♂ 6♀♀, 28.iv.2011, Serres, western shore lake Kerkini between <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.184&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.184/lat 41.164)">Kerkini</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.184&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.184/lat 41.164)">Lithotopos</a> [41.164°N 23.184°E] ; 6♂♂ 3♀♀, 28.iv.2011, Serres, western shore lake Kerkini se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.117/lat 41.181)">Kerkini</a> [41.181°N 23.117°E] ; 2♂♂ 4♀♀, 23.iv.2011, Thessaloniki, canal sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.243&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.243/lat 40.635)">Lagadhikia</a> [40.635°N 23.243°E] ; 1♂, 23.iv.2011, Thessaloniki, eastern shore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.583/lat 40.668)">lake Volvi</a> [40.668°N 23.583°E] ; 1♂, 23.iv.2011, Thessaloniki, northern shore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.204&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.697" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.204/lat 40.697)">Koronia</a> [40.697°N 23.204°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 22.iv.2011, Thessaloniki, river 1.5 km nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.245&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.245/lat 40.684)">Scholari</a> [40.684°N 23.245°E] ; 2♂♂ 3♀♀, 23.iv.2011, Thessaloniki, southern shore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.162&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.656" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.162/lat 40.656)">lake Koronia</a> [40.656°N 23.162°E] ; 4♂♂ 3♀♀, 23.iv.2011, Thessaloniki, western shore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.354&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.685" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.354/lat 40.685)">lake Volvi</a> [40.685°N 23.354°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 25.iv.2011, Xanthi, floodplain Nestos w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.748&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.748/lat 40.983)">Kyrnos</a> [40.983°N 24.748°E] ; 1♀, 25.iv.2011, Xanthi, floodplain Nestos w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.753/lat 40.975)">Mikrochori</a> [40.975°N 24.753°E] ; 1♀, 26.iv.2011, Xanthi, Lagune n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.092&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.011" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.092/lat 41.011)">Lagos</a> [41.011°N 25.092°E] ; 1♀, 25.iv.2011, Xanthi, riparian forest Nestos w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.764&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.94" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.764/lat 40.94)">Iliokentima</a> [40.94°N 24.764°E] ; 4♂♂, 25.iv.2011, Xanthi, riparian forest Nestos w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.788&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.91" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.788/lat 40.91)">Zilotis</a> [40.91°N 24.788°E]; ITALY : 1♀, 8.iv.2022, Sicily, beach 2.5 km nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.744" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.667/lat 36.744)">Cava D’Aliga</a> [36.744°N 14.667°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 13.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Forcito 1.8 km s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.748&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.143" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.748/lat 37.143)">Vizzini</a> [37.143°N 14.748°E] ; 1♂, 13.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Forcito 2.1 km sse <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.754&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.141" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.754/lat 37.141)">Vizzini</a> [37.141°N 14.754°E] ; 6♂♂ 2♀♀, 13.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Forcito 3.7 km sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.728&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.13" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.728/lat 37.13)">Vizzini</a> [37.130°N 14.728°E] ; 3♂♂ 1♀, 13.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Forcito 4.9 km sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.121" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.722/lat 37.121)">Vizzini</a> [37.121°N 14.722°E] ; 1♂, 14.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Irminiio 1.2 km nnw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.787/lat 37.056)">Giarratana</a> [37.056°N 14.787°E] ; 1♀, 14.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Irminiio 1.2 km s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.794&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.037" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.794/lat 37.037)">Giarratana</a> [37.037°N 14.794°E] ; 1♂, 14.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Irminiio 2.2 km s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.792&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.026" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.792/lat 37.026)">Giarratana</a> [37.026°N 14.792°E] ; 1♀, 11.iv.2022, Sicily, Fiume Salso 6 km n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.926&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.158" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.926/lat 37.158)">Licata</a> [37.158°N 13.926°E] ; 1♀, 15.iv.2022, Sicily, Irminio within <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.704&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.797" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.704/lat 36.797)">Scicli</a> [36.797°N 14.704°E] ; 7♂♂ 8♀♀, 10.iv.2022, Sicily, meadow 4 km ese <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.88" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.473/lat 36.88)">Scoglitti</a> [36.880°N 14.473°E] ; 1♀, 12.iv.2022, Sicily, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.346&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.346/lat 37.025)">Reserve Il Biviere</a> [37.025°N 14.346°E] ; 3♂♂ 1♀, 14.iv.2022, Sicily, Torrente Bafarano at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.988" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.778/lat 36.988)">Lago Santa Rosalia</a> [36.988°N 14.778°E] ; 1♀, 14.iv.2022, Sicily, Torrente Gria at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.982" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.787/lat 36.982)">Lago Santa Rosalia</a> [36.982°N 14.787°E]; JORDAN : 1♀, 22.x.2010, Ayoun Musa (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.739&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.739/lat 31.775)">Spring of Moses</a>) [31.775°N 35.739°E]; KYRGYZSTAN : 1♂, 27.v.2019, river bed ca. 1.6 km nnw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.053/lat 41.406)">Kyzylungungir</a> [41.406°N 73.053°E] ; 2♂♂ 5♀♀, 21.v.2019, river bed ca. 2.5 km s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.372&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.874" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.372/lat 39.874)">Ak-Suu</a> [39.874°N 69.372°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 20.v.2019, river bed ca. 21km s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.239&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.057" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.239/lat 40.057)">Makhram</a> [40.057°N 70.239°E]; MADEIRA : 8♀♀, 7.x.2009, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-16.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.792" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -16.849/lat 32.792)">Praia do Faial</a> [32.792°N 16.849°W] ; 3♀♀, 9.x.2009, rivermouth <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-17.048&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.809" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -17.048/lat 32.809)">São Vincente</a> [32.809°N 17.048°W]; MOROCCO: 1♂ 1♀, 23.iii.2016, 2 km sse Mejlaw, ca. 25 km nne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.026&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.026/lat 35.35)">Larache</a> [35.350°N 6.026°W], 76 ; 5♂♂ 5♀♀, 25.iii.2016, canal <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.314&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.788" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.314/lat 34.788)">Ouled Mesbah</a> [34.788°N 6.314°W], 0 ; 12♂♂ 11♀♀, 24.iii.2016, meadows at Qued Lahlou, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.026&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.474" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.026/lat 35.474)">Asilah</a> [35.474°N 6.026°W], 0 ; 2♂♂ 3♀♀, 25.iii.2016, meadows ca. 6 km sse <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.123&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.107" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.123/lat 35.107)">Larache</a> [35.107°N 6.123°W], 11 ; 2♂♂ 3♀♀, 25.iii.2016, pond ca 5 km NE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.084&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.199" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.084/lat 35.199)">Larache</a> [35.199°N 6.084°W], 0 ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 24.iii.2016, river mouth des Qued ca. 3.5 km wnw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.006&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.531" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.006/lat 35.531)">Briech</a> [35.531°N 6.006°W], 4 ; 1♂, 24.iii.2016, salt lake ca. 1 km SWW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.921&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.921/lat 35.681)">Chraka</a> [35.681°N 5.921°W], 16; PORTUGAL : 1♂, 24.x.2018, Aveiro, Estarreja, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.583/lat 40.7)">Fermelã</a> [40.700°N 8.583°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA ; 1♂, 23.i.2017, Aveiro, Estarreja, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.581&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.735" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.581/lat 40.735)">Salreu</a> [40.735°N 8.581°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA ; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, 9.vii.2021, Beja, Mértola, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.783/lat 37.733)">Alcaria Ruiva</a> [37.733°N 7.783°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA ; 1♀, 13.vii.2021, dito; 2♂♂ 1♀, 7.iv.2021, Beja, Mértola, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.65/lat 37.617)">Mértola</a> [37.617°N 7.650°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA ; 1♂ 3♀♀, 8.iv.2021, Beja, Mértola, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.65/lat 37.617)">Mértola</a> [37.617°N 7.650°W], leg. R. Andrade ; 2♀♀, 9.iv.2021, Beja, Mértola, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.65/lat 37.617)">Mértola</a> [37.617°N 7.650°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA ; 1♀, 12.vii.2021, dito; 1♀, 17.iv.2011, Beja, Ourique, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.3/lat 37.767)">Panóias</a> [37.767°N 8.300°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA ; 3♂♂ 7♀♀, 8.vi.2021, Bragança, Miranda do Douro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.283/lat 41.533)">Miranda do Douro</a> [41.533°N 6.283°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA ; 2♂♂ 3♀♀, 5.vi.2013, Coimbra, Coimbra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.179" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.555/lat 40.179)">Arzila</a> [40.179°N 8.555°W], leg. A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA ; 1♀, 27.iii.2018, Faro, creek bank w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.179" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.623/lat 37.179)">Curral de Boieiros</a> [37.179°N 7.623°W] ; 1♀, 26.iii.2018, Faro, marsh 0.5 km sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.449&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.351" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.449/lat 37.351)">Foz de Odeleite</a> [37.351°N 7.449°W] ; 1♀, 25.iii.2018, Faro, saltwork 5 km e Faro [37.028°N 7.874°W]; 1♂, spring 2013, Santarém, Torres Novas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.517" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.467/lat 39.517)">Olaia</a> [39.517°N 8.467°W], leg. A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA ; 1♀, 24.iii.2018, Setúbal, rice fields 2.7 km ene <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.248" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.299/lat 38.248)">Xarraminha</a> [38.248°N 8.299°W] ; 1♂, 3.v.2021, Vila Real, Vila Real, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.8/lat 41.367)">Lamas de Olo</a> [41.367°N 7.800°W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA .</p><p>Diagnosis: Along with P. fossarum this is the only Chaetoapnaea with almost completely hyaline wings (Fig. 12). This species could be confused with Parydra s. str., P. pubera and immature specimens of other Chaetoapnaea species. Separation from Parydra s. str. and P. pubera should be simple based on the characters given in the key. Immature specimens can be recognised by their pale colouration due to poorly developed sclerotization and should be identified with reference to the male terminalia. The main challenge is distinguishing between P. minor and P. fossarum . The characters given in the key should help to separate typical specimens. Where the distinction is unclear based on external characters maceration of the abdomen will be necessary to confirm identification. Parydra minor has sternites 3–5 entirely and strongly sclerotised while these are less sclerotised and show only some strongly sclerotised spots in P. fossarum as illustrated in Stuke (2023). Additionally, the male terminalia are characteristically by the phallus lacking an apical notch (Fig. 75) and with a distinct ventral keel in dorsal view (Fig. 75), the tip of the phallus being round in lateral view (Fig. 77), and postgonite lacking a sharp lateral projection in dorsal view (Fig. 75).</p><p>Taxonomy: Parydra minor was reinstalled as valid species by Stuke (2023) and has previously been confused with P. fossarum . The male terminalia of P. turkmenica Krivosheina, 1989 are striking similar to P. minor (Krivosheina 1989: 218, figures 9–10) and the possibility that P. turkmenica may be a junior synonym of P. minor cannot be dismissed.</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Given previous confusion between this species and P. fossarum only records presented here can be used to infer the distribution of P. minor . Reliable records are summarised in Fig. 105 and show that P. minor is widely distributed in South Europe from Madeira to Georgia without a clear southern distribution border. It becomes scarer in the north and has not yet been recorded from Scandinavia. In North Germany it is not rare with the current most northerly records from 54°N. Outside of Europe there are records from Morocco, Jordan and Kyrgyzstan.</p><p>Biology: Parydra minor is found at the edge of larger rivers and lakes. In Germany it has mostly been recorded in the northwest where it occurs mainly in brackish or saline conditions close to the coast in areas with oceanic climatic conditions. Parydra minor is polyvoltine and has been recorded regularly from March to October. A single record from January shows this species may be active year-round at least in South Europe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808361FFC9FF6FFD75C3E3FE62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780836EFFCBFF6FF91DC54AFE8A.text	03F38780836EFFCBFF6FF91DC54AFE8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) mitis (Cresson 1930)	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) mitis (Cresson, 1930)</p><p>(Figs. 13, 25, 79–82)</p><p>Napaea mitis Cresson 1930 a: 110; type-locality: „Hammern, Upper Austria “ [Austria]; holotype ♂ [ANSP, Cresson 1930].</p><p>Napaea obscuripennis Duda 1942: 37–38; type-locality: „Wustung b. Habelschwerdt“ [Poland]; lectotype ♂, des. by Papp (1979) [ZMB, Papp 1979], synonymy by Papp (1979).</p><p>Parydra raffonei Canzoneri 1986: 29–30; type-locality: „S. Stefano di Cadore, Comelico Superiore“ [Italy]; holotype ♀ [PSCA, Canzoneri 1986], synonymy by Canzoneri &amp; Vienna (1991).</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>♂ lectotype of P. obscuripennis in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “18 3 29”; (2) “Wustung / b Habelschwerdt / l. Duda””; (3) “obscuri- / pennis / ♂ d. Duda”; (4) “ Lectotypus ” .</p><p>Additional material examined: 22 specimens from Finland, Germany and European Russia.</p><p>Diagnosis: Parydra mitis is one of the more difficult Parydra species to recognise. Small, compact specimens with the face subshining and obviously contrasting with the dusting on the frontal vita, completely black legs, distinct wing markings, the scutum with submedial dusting stripes but without a medial dusting stripe (Fig. 25) and usually with no distinct dorsocentral seta in front prescutellar dorsocentral seta are good candidates for this species. The separation of P. mitis from black legged P. hecate with indistinct dusting on scutum and missing or broken dorsocentral setae can be particularly challenging. Males are identified due to the slightly elongated tergite 5 that is clearly longer than tergite 4 (Fig. 12). The male terminalia of P. mitis is unique in having an elongated and narrow phallus in dorsal view (Fig. 79) that is bent ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 81) and nearly triangular, blunt postgonites in dorsal view (Fig. 79).</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Mainly boreo-montane and widely distributed in Scandinavia up to 70°N (GBIF 2024) and in mountainous regions of central Europe including the Alps. There are isolated records from Umbria, Italy (Canzoneri &amp; Vienna 2000), from a fen on a German North Sea island and from European Russia ( Stuke et al. 2025). Parydra mitis is rarely recorded in comparison to other Parydra species. It has not been recorded from outside Europe to date.</p><p>Biology: Records are from stream valleys, springs in meadows and fens. The flight time spans from March to August with a peak in late summer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F38780836EFFCBFF6FF91DC54AFE8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780836CFFCDFF6FF881C53DFED6.text	03F38780836CFFCDFF6FF881C53DFED6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) nubecula Becker 1896	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) nubecula Becker, 1896</p><p>(Figs. 15, 89–92)</p><p>Parydra nubecula Becker 1896: 212–213; type-locality: “ Schlesien “, „Patenkirchen“; syntype ♂ ♀ [ZMB, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995].</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>♀ syntype of P. nubecula in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “Dohnau / 8/5 12469”; (2) “Cotypus” .</p><p>♀ syntype of P. nubecula in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “Kaltwasser / 12/8 24434”; (2) “Cotypus” .</p><p>♂ syntype of P. nubecula in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ParTenk / 8.67”; (2) “Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “nubecula / Beck.”; (4) “Cotypus”; (5) “ Parydra / nubecula / Beck. / M. Krivosheina det, 1984” .</p><p>♂ syntype of P. nubecula in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “Dohnau / 1/5 36903”; (2) “Cotypus”; (3) “ Parydra / nubecula / Beck. / M. Krivosheina det, 1984” .</p><p>Additional material examined: 71 specimens from Germany, Finland and European Russia with new country records from Croatia and Georgia: CROATIA : 1♂ 1♀, 25.vi.2017, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.596/lat 45.133)">Ðuračica</a> 5 km s Magić Mala [45.133°N 17.596°E] ; 1♀, 29.vi.2017, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.172&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.264" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.172/lat 45.264)">Danube</a> n Opatovac [45.264°N 19.172°E] ; 1♂ 3♀♀, 26.vi.2017, small river 5.2 km sse <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.59" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.235/lat 45.59)">Lacići</a> [45.590°N 18.235°E]; GEORGIA : 1♂ 1♀, 10.vii.2019, small river valley sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.379/lat 41.694)">Manglisi</a> [41.694°N 44.379°E] .</p><p>Diagnosis: Recognised by the strongly dusted frontal vita contrasting with the subshining frontorbital plate and the characteristic wing colouration with a subapical brown band (Fig. 15). The male terminalia is uniquely characterised by the subepandrial sclerites and the shape of the phallus as described in the key and illustrated in Figs. 89–92.</p><p>Taxonomy: Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki (1995) incorrectly placed P. nubecula in the subgenus Parydra s. str. However, the species conforms to all characters given by Clausen &amp; Cook (1971) for the subgenus Chaetoapnaea (new subgenus position).</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed in Central and Eastern Europe and probably not rare even if reported only irregularly. Not recorded to date from the Iberian Peninsula, France or Britain. This may indicate an eastern distribution with the most westerly confirmed records being from Germany. Krivosheina (1989) reports P. nubecula from Northwest Russia. Records from Georgia mark the currently known southeastern distributional border. There are unexpected and isolated records from Morocco (Pârvu et al. 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011) which should be checked carefully as the drawing of the wing given in one publication (Pârvu et al. 2006: 276, 3A) does not match P. nubecula .</p><p>Biology: Typical found in wet places in forests, such as springs or around still water. Polyvoltine with the flight period spanning from March to August.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F38780836CFFCDFF6FF881C53DFED6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780836AFFCFFF6FFA63C5E7FE62.text	03F38780836AFFCFFF6FFA63C5E7FE62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) pusilla (Meigen 1830)	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) pusilla (Meigen, 1830)</p><p>(Figs. 18, 101–104)</p><p>Ephydra pusilla Meigen 1830: 126; locus typicus not given [presumably Stolberg]; holotype ♂ [MNHN, Becker 1902].</p><p>Napaea pygmaea Robineau-Desvoidy 1830: 800; locus typicus not given [presumably France]; holotype ♂ / ♀ [missing from coll. Robineau-Desvoidy, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995]; synonymy by Cogan (1984).</p><p>Ephydra infecta Haliday 1833: 175; type-locality: „Holywood in Downshire“ [Britain]; 3 syntypes [NMID, de Courcy Williams &amp; O'Connor 1989]; synonymy by Haliday (1839).</p><p>Ephydra (Parydra) nasuta Stenhammar 1844: 192–193; type-locality: „in Ostrogothia ad Häradshammar et prope Sudercopiam; in Bahusia ad Marstand“, „Lapponia et Bottnia“ [Sweden]; syntype ♂ ♀ [MZLU, UZIU, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995]; synonymy by Haliday (1856).</p><p>Material examined: 242 specimens from Germany, Finland, Iceland and European Russia with new country records from Georgia: GEORGIA : 1♀, 12.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.748&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.748/lat 41.189)">Kochki river</a> s Epremovka [41.189°N 43.748°E] ; 1♀, 11.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.249&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.236" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.249/lat 41.236)">lake Kartsakhi</a> wsw Kartsakhi [41.236°N 43.249°E] ; 1♀, 10.vii.2019, small lake 2.2 km ene <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.215&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.215/lat 41.65)">Imera</a> [41.650°N 44.215°E] ; 2♂♂, 3.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.624&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.624/lat 42.618)">Snostskali river</a> 0.6 km se Achkhoti [42.618°N 44.624°E] ; 1♂ 1♀, 4.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.588" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.667/lat 42.588)">Snostskali river</a> se Akhaltsikhe [42.588°N 44.667°E] ; 1♀, 11.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.357" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.436/lat 41.357)">Vachiani lake</a> [41.357°N 43.436°E] .</p><p>Diagnosis: A distinctive small Parydra species with the silver dusted face bearing two strong facial setae. The male terminalia is uniquely characterised by the large semicircular hypandrium (Fig. 102) in dorsal view. Males are also unique in having sternite 5 densely setulose.</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed and not rare in boreal, Atlantic and continental Europe, rarer or unrecorded in southern Europe. Outside of Europe it has been reported from Turkey (Pârvu &amp; Popescu-Mirceni 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011) and its distribution reaches east Asia (Krivosheina 1995).</p><p>Biology: Inhabits a wide variety of more or less vegetated freshwater or saline wetlands. Polyvoltine with the long flight period spanning at least from February until October and probably year-round. Stigmatomyces trianguliapicalis has been reported to grow on P. pusilla (Rossi et al. 2010) . Nielsen et al. (1954) illustrate the larvae. The larval diet is currently unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F38780836AFFCFFF6FFA63C5E7FE62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808368FFD0FF6FF918C368FC16.text	03F387808368FFD0FF6FF918C368FC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) quadripunctata (Meigen 1830)	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) quadripunctata (Meigen, 1830)</p><p>(Figs. 19, 105–108)</p><p>Ephydra quadripunctata Meigen 1830: 117; locus typicus not given [“von Prof. Wiedemann“]; lectotype ♀, des. by Cresson 1930 [NMW, Cresson 1930].</p><p>Ephydra furcata Zetterstedt 1838: 716–717; type-locality: „Delekarliae“, „Lappon. meridion.“, „Ostrogothiae et Scaniae“ [Sweden]; syntype ♂ ♀ [MZLU, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995], synonymy by Loew (1860).</p><p>Material examined: 221 specimens from Germany, Finland, Portugal and European Russia with new country records from Croatia and Georgia: Material: CROATIA : 2♂♂ 1♀, 25.vi.2017, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.596/lat 45.133)">Ðuračica</a> 5 km s Magić Mala [45.133°N 17.596°E] ; 1♂, 24.vi.2017, fishponds 1.5 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.097/lat 45.635)">Stražanac</a> [45.635°N 17.097°E] ; 1♂, 28.vi.2017, floodplain <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.874&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.524" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.874/lat 45.524)">Danube</a> n Bijelo Brdo [45.524°N 18.874°E]; GEORGIA : 2♂♂ 1♀, 10.vii.2019, small river valley sw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.379/lat 41.694)">Manglisi</a> [41.694°N 44.379°E] ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 4.vii.2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.633/lat 42.609)">Snostskali river</a> 0.6 km nw Sno [42.609°N 44.633°E] .</p><p>Diagnosis: Parydra quadripunctata can be confused with species of Parydra s. str. due to the obvious vein stump at radius r 2+3, broad gena and strongly dusted face. The main character separating P. quadripunctata from Parydra s. str. is the outstanding black seta on the middle coxa. The wing has a stronger pattern with darkening especially around the tip of radius r 4+5 and media m (Fig. 19). Specimens with the vein stump at radius r 2+3 developed are separated from other Chaetoapnaea as, within the subgenus, this character otherwise occurs only in P. articulata which has distinct yellow knees. Specimens without a vein stump at radius r 2+3 occur rarely and can be distinguished by the densely dusted face.Within Chaetoapnaea this character is otherwise only found in P. arctica and P. nigritarsis which both have less strongly marked wings. Remaining questionable specimens should be identified based on the male terminalia with phallus and phallusapodeme fused (Fig. 107) and shape of phallus unique (Figs. 105, 107).</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed and not rare in central and northern Europe Less common or locally absent in the south probably due to the lack of suitable habitats. To date it has only been recorded once from the Iberian Peninsula in northern Portugal ( Stuke et al. 2023). It has rarely been recorded from southern Europa though there are records from Croatia (see material). In Finland the species occurs north to 65°N (Laji.fi 2024) in Norway it is recorded north to 68°N (Gbif 2024). Outside Europe there are records from Morocco (Pârvu et al. 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011), Tunisia (Pârvu &amp; Zaharia 2007) and Turkey (Pârvu &amp; Popescu-Mirceni 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011). In Asia the species occurs eastwards up to Japan (Krivosheina 1995).</p><p>Biology: Recorded from a range of wetland habitats with a preference for wet forests with springs, streams or still water. Polyvoltine with the flight period spanning from March to October.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808368FFD0FF6FF918C368FC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808377FFD1FF6FFC71C5AAFF6E.text	03F387808377FFD1FF6FFC71C5AAFF6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) quinquemaculata Becker 1896	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) quinquemaculata Becker, 1896</p><p>(Fig. 20)</p><p>Parydra quinquemaculata Becker 1896: 213–214; type-locality: „ Schlesien “; syntype ♂ ♀ [ZMB, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995].</p><p>Napaea Strandi Duda 1942: 38–39; type-locality: „Ilfeld S.-Harz“ [Germany]; lectotype ♂, des. by Papp 1979 [ZMB, Papp 1979], synonymy by Papp (1979).</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>♀ holotype of P. quinquemaculata in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “Warmbr / Scholtz [illegible sign]”; (2) “Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “14469”; (4) “ quinquema - / culata ”Beck.”; (5) “ Holotypus ”; (6) “Zool. Mus. / Berlin ” .</p><p>♂ lectotype of P. strandi (together with headless ♀ paralectotype) with these labels: (1) “19415”; (2) “Ilfeld / S.-Harz Duda”; (3) “reclinata / Duda ♂ ”; (4) “Flügelgez 1. 5. 41”; (5) “ Lectotypus ”; (6) “ Paralectotypus ”. Another ♂ labelled by Duda as “reclinata” mentioned in the original description and labelled as paralectotype from “ St. Wendel ” belongs to P. hecate .</p><p>Additional material examined: GERMANY: 1♀, 22.vi.2008, Lower Saxony, Petersilienwasser 4.5 km sse <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.626&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.687" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.626/lat 51.687)">Braunlage</a> [51.687°N 10.626°E] .</p><p>Diagnosis: Recognised due to obvious characters of colouration of the wing and the pattern of light dusting on scutum as described in the key and illustrated in Fig. 19. Parydra quinquemaculata is most similar to P. hecate . Due to the lack of available material the male terminalia of this species could not be examined. Given this, I cannot rule out the possibility that P. quinquemaculata represents only an extreme colour morph of P. hecate . The absence of a second small dorsocentral seta on the specimens examined may easily be intraspecific variation.</p><p>Taxonomy: Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki (1995) incorrectly placed P. quinquemaculata in the subgenus Parydra s. str. However, the species conforms to all characters given by Clausen &amp; Cook (1971) for the subgenus Chaetoapnaea (new subgenus position).</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed in mountains of Europe with records from Central European low mountain ranges (e. g. Duda 1942, Karnecká 1980, Stuke et al. 2020, Zatwarnicki 2023, Zatwarnicki et al. 2001), the Alps (Canzoneri &amp; Vienna 2000, Zatwarnicki 2008), Romania (Ceianu 1999) and Serbia (Krivosheina &amp; Ozerov 2022). Outside of Europe it has been reported once from Morocco (Vitte 1991), but this record should be checked.</p><p>Biology: Hardly anything is known about this rarely collected species. It may be restricted to higher elevations. The only specimens recorded by the author were swept at a spring-feed swamp in a wooded valley with a stream. The recorded flight time spans from April to July.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808377FFD1FF6FFC71C5AAFF6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808376FFD1FF6FFA38C266FA6F.text	03F387808376FFD1FF6FFA38C266FA6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Paranapaea) Hendel 1930	<div><p>Pardyra subgenus Paranapaea Hendel</p><p>Paranapaea Hendel 1930: 149 [feminine]; Type-species: Parydra pubera Loew, 1860 [by original designation].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808376FFD1FF6FFA38C266FA6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808376FFD1FF6FFEE9C5EFFADD.text	03F387808376FFD1FF6FFEE9C5EFFADD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) undulata Becker 1896	<div><p>Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) undulata Becker, 1896</p><p>(Fig. 21)</p><p>Parydra undulata Becker 1896: 213; type-locality: „Gouvernment Minsk“, „Wannsee bei Berlin “; syntype ♂ ♀ [ZMB, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995].</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>♂ syntype of P. undulata in coll. ZMB with these labels (1) “[illegible sign]”; (2) “ Polen 3664.”; (3) “Typus”; (4) “ Parydra / undulata / Beck. / M. Krivosheina det., 1985”</p><p>Material examined: Material: GERMANY: 1♂, 7.viii.2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See, Igelsumpf [51.470°N 11.6787°E]; FRANCE: 1♀, 18.vii.2001, Landes, Vielle-St Girons, w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.895" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.334/lat 43.895)">Lac de Léon</a> [43.895°N 1.334°W], leg. J.-P. Haenni.</p><p>Diagnosis: Due to the unique undulating wing venation and the wing colouration (Fig. 21) this species cannot be confused with any other Parydra .</p><p>Taxonomy: Although the male terminalia could not be examined there is no doubt that P. undulata belongs to the subgenus Chaetoapnaea (new subgenus position). All characters of P. undulata conform to the description of Clausen &amp; Cook (1971). With the exception of the wing venation, it is extremely similar to other species of Chaetoapnaea such as P. hecate . In fact, given its closeness to P. hecate and the fact that I have seen one specimen with intermediate wing characters, I cannot rule out that P. undulata may only be a form of P. hecate with misshapen wing venation.</p><p>Distribution in Europe: A rarely collected and local species. There are several records from coastal wetlands in southeast England (NBN Atlas 2024), one record from France reported here, records from three saline wetlands in eastern Germany ( Stuke &amp; Bährmann 2013), one location at a Polish inland saline wetland (Szadziewski 1983, Soszyński et al. 2000), and the historical type locations reported by Becker (1896) „Gouvernment Minsk“ and „Wannsee bei Berlin “. Additionally, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki (1995) report P. undulata as occurring in Austria and Sweden without citing a source.</p><p>Biology: Hardly anything is known about this rare species. Recent records suggest that P. undulata is a halophilous species occurring coastal and inland saline habitats. In Germany it has recently been recorded from dense vegetation at the margin of salt lakes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808376FFD1FF6FFEE9C5EFFADD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808376FFD2FF6FF9E9C493FE3A.text	03F387808376FFD2FF6FF9E9C493FE3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra (Paranapaea) pubera Loew 1860	<div><p>Parydra (Paranapaea) pubera Loew, 1860</p><p>(Figs. 17, 97–100)</p><p>Parydra pubera Loew 1860: 32; type-locality: „ Sicilien “ [Italy]; syntype ♂ ♀ [SDEI, ZMB, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995].</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>1 ♀ syntype of P. pubera in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “Calabr / Enber”; (2) “Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “14462”; (4) “ Parydra / pubera /m.”; (5) “Typus”</p><p>7♂♂ 8♀♀ syntypes of P. pubera in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “[illegible signs]”; (2) “Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “Typus” .</p><p>2♂♂ 2 ♀♀ syntypes of P. pubera, ditto but with (4) “ Parydra ♂ / pubera Lw / M. Krivosheina det., 1985”</p><p>Additional material examined: 71 specimens from France, Italy, Morocco, Netherlands and Portugal.</p><p>Diagnosis: Recognised based on the obvious long setulae all over the body (Fig. 17). The male terminalia differs from all other Parydra in having dense setulae and setae at tip of the epandrium, a ring shaped, flat phallus (Figs. 97, 99) and enlarged postgonites (Fig. 97).</p><p>Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed but seldom recorded in Western Europe along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast from Sicily to the Netherlands. Additionally, there are isolated records from an inland saline habitat in Germany (Zatwarnicki &amp; Hollmann-Schirrmacher 1997).</p><p>Biology: A halophilous species, living in vegetated saline or brackish wetlands. Polyvoltine, with a long flight period from March until September. The larval biology is currently unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808376FFD2FF6FF9E9C493FE3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808375FFD3FF6FF96BC358FED6.text	03F387808375FFD3FF6FF96BC358FED6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra unicolor (Becker 1926)	<div><p>Parydra unicolor (Becker, 1926)</p><p>Napaea unicolor Becker 1926: 102; type-locality: „ Russland “; holotype ♂ [ZMB, Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995].</p><p>Primary type material examined:</p><p>1 ♀ holotype of P. unicolor in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ Russland.”; (2) “unicolor / Beck.”; (3) “ Holotypus ”; (4) “Zool. Mus. / Berlin ” .</p><p>This species should be recognised by the characters given in the original description of Becker (1926): "Durch ganz gelbe Körperfarbe steht diese Art ganz ausserhalb des uns bisher bekannten Formenkreises dieser Gattung." However, the type specimen is an immature specimen of Parydra as previously mentioned by Krivosheina (1989). The record from the Czech Republic by Vaňhara (1981) may also be based on an immature specimen and is treated as doubtful (Kubátová-Hiršová 2003). Melecis et al. (2014) reported P. unicolor from Latvia but didn´t comment further on this remarkable record. Due to its immaturity and sex, it is not possible to identify the holotype and Napaea unicolor (Becker, 1926) must be treated as a nomen dubium (status. rev.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808375FFD3FF6FF96BC358FED6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808374FFD5FF6FFE30C2F2FB97.text	03F387808374FFD5FF6FFE30C2F2FB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parydra Stenhammar 1844	<div><p>Key to the European species of Parydra Stenhammar</p><p>1 Long haired species (Fig. 17), e.g. setulae on frons, scutum and scutellum longer than length of pedicel, all tibiae with setulae longer than their diameter, proepisternum with distinct setulae; face completely silver-grey dusted; gena broad, gena-eye-ratio about 0.5–0.7; wing as Fig. 17: almost hyaline with very faint brown spot around crossvein r-m; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 97–100: epandrium apically with long, dense setulae, phallus and phallus apodeme separated, postgonite obviously enlarged distally, phallus flat and ring shaped in dorsal view....................................................... pubera Loew</p><p>- Short haired species, e.g. setulae on frons, scutum and scutellum shorter than length of pedicel, at maximum some tibiae with single setulae longer than their diameter, proepisternum without distinct setulae; other character variable but never in this combination; ♂ terminalia different....................................................................... 2</p><p>2 Medial scutellar seta on a small wart like process; hind tibia apically and basally silver-white dusted; only 1 distinct dorsocentral seta, anterior notopleural seta minute (Fig. 1); ocellar setae and fronto-orbital setae short and inconspicuous; face in ventral half grey to light brown dusted, contrasting with subshining upper half; gena broad, gena-eye-ratio about 0.5 to 0.6; wing as Fig. 1: almost hyaline to slightly brown infuscated with very faint brown spot around crossvein r-m; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 26–29: phallus and phallus apodeme separated, phallus high and broad, postgonite with broad base, in dorsal view S-shaped, subepandrial plate developed............................................................... .. aquila (Fallén)</p><p>- Scutellar seta not inserted on a wart like process; tibiae without apical and basal silver-white dusting; 2 or more dorsocentral seta, anterior notopleural seta not reduced; ocellar setae and fronto-orbital setae large; face uniformly dusted or subshining, without contrast between upper and lower half; gena variable, can be obviously narrower; ♂ terminalia different.......... 3</p><p>3 2 strong facial setae, obviously larger than other facial setae (Fig. 18); face silver-grey, obviously contrasting with brown frons; scutum uniformly dusted, without any denser dusted stripes or spots; legs black; small species, wing length &lt;4 mm; wing as Fig. 18: tinged light brown with distinct white spots basal and distal to crossveins dm-cu and r-m; ♂ sternite 5 with dense short setulae; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 101–104: tip of phallus apodeme sickle-shaped and curved ventrally in lateral view; hypandrium, large, semicircular; postgonite with short, pointed apex only...................................... pusilla (Meigen)</p><p>- 1 strong facial seta; face can be less obviously silver-grey dusted; scutum in most species with distinct medial or submedial dusted stripes or spots at the transverse suture; tarsi orange or light brown in several species; usually larger species; ♂ sternite 5 without dense setulae; ♂ terminalia different............................................................... 4</p><p>4 Wing as Fig. 21: veins undulating; wing brown infuscate with tips of radial cells r 2+3 and r 4+5 hyaline; face straight in lateral view, subshining and obviously contrasting with dusted frontal vita beside frontal triangle; gena-eye ratio about 0.3; middle coxa with brown setulae and one outstanding brown to black seta; ♂ terminalia not examined............ undulata Becker</p><p>- Veins not undulating; wing colouration different; other characters variable but can be very similar in some species. ........ 5</p><p>5 Frontal triangle as strongly dusted as frontal vitta; wing as Fig. 15: a subapical dark band reaching from tip of radius R 2+3 to hind margin of wing behind medial vein m; base of- flagellomere usually distinctly orange-brown; knees orange-brown, tarsi almost completely orange-brown; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 89–92: phallus blunt in lateral view und with an elongated, pointed tip in dorsal view; postgonite pointed; hypandrium with dorsal bridge; epandrium with large, strongly sclerotised subepandrial sclerites........................................................................................ nubecula Becker</p><p>- Frontal triangle subshining, contrasting with less dusted frontal vitta; wing without subapical dark band; other characters variable........................................................................................... ... 6</p><p>6 Middle coxa with white setae and setulae only or with black to brown setae and setulae only, without single outstanding black seta; scutellum with more or less distinct apical process; face slightly convex in lateral view; face equally strongly dusted as frontal vita beside frontal triangle; wing as Figs. 4, 5, 11 or 16: apices of radius r 4+5 and media m without contrasting darkening, radius r 2+3 typically with vein stump; grey to white dusting spot at end of transverse suture usually indistinct; ♂ phallus and phallus apodeme separated........................................................ 7 ( coarctata species-group)</p><p>- Middle coxa with white or short brown to black setulae and a single outstanding black seta; scutellum without apical process; face almost straight in lateral view; face in some species obviously less dusted than frontal vita beside frontal triangle; wing different: apices of radius r 4+5 and media m can have more or less contrasting darkening, radius with or without vein stump; grey to white dusting spot at end of transverse suture can be distinct; ♂ phallus and phallus apodeme fused (exception nigritarsis). .................................................................................................. 10</p><p>7 Middle coxa with all setae and setulae black to dark brown; middle tibia, at least anteriorly, with shining areas; ♂ middle tibia ventrally in apical 2/3 with dense black setulae that are slightly bent apically; ♂ middle femur with strong black setae posteroventrally; wing as Fig. 11: radius r 2+3 usually with additional vein stump, both crossveins r-m and dm-cu distinctly darkened and with white spots basal and distal to the crossveins; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 71–74: lateral margin of postgonite with a notch................................................................................ littoralis (Meigen)</p><p>- Middle coxa with all setae and setulae white to light brown; middle tibia completely and uniformly dusted to subshining; ♂ middle tibia with ventral dense black setulae that are slightly bent apically not extending basad of the apical 1/2; ♂ middle femur with weaker black setae posteroventrally; wing can be less marked; ♂ terminalia with lateral margin of postgonite without a notch....................................................................................... 8</p><p>8 ♂ middle tibia without dense black setulae anteroventrally, middle femur posteroventral with small black setae only; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 38–41: phallus broad in dorsal view, about as broad as phallus apodeme, obviously bent dorsally in lateral view, phallus apodeme long; tarsi typically orange brown....................................... coarctata (Fallén)</p><p>- ♂ middle tibia with dense black setulae in anteroventral half, middle femur posteroventrally with a row of strong black setae; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 42–47 or 93–96: phallus narrow in dorsal view, narrower than width of lateral arms of phallus apodeme, phallus not obviously bent dorsally in lateral view, phallus apodeme short; other characters variable.................... 9</p><p>9 Tarsi black; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 93–96: epandrium beneath tip of cercus without tooth, tip of epandrium without long setulae................................................................................ obliterata (Duda)</p><p>- Basal tarsomere orange-brown; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 42–47: epandrium beneath tip of cercus with broad tooth, tip of epandrium laterally with long setulae............................................................... .. cryptica spec. nov.</p><p>10 Face equally strongly dusted as frontal vita beside frontal triangle; frons completely dusted in some species; radius r 2+3 can have vein stump......................................................................................... 11</p><p>- Face subshining, distinctly contrasting with more densely dusted frontal vita beside frontal triangle; frons with subshining frontal triangle and subshining frontorbital plate; radius r 2+3 always without vein stump............................. 15</p><p>11 Legs with distinctly yellow knees; face strongly dusted; frontorbital plate as strongly dusted as frontal vitta; wing as Fig. 3: distinct vein stump at radius r 2+3; radius r 1 light brown, obviously lighter than costa; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 34–37: phallus almost straight in lateral view and without a ventral keel, postgonite elongated and pointed.... articulata Canzoneri &amp; Meneghini</p><p>- Legs black, without yellow knees; face can be less strongly dusted; frontorbital plate can be subshining; wing can have no vein stump; radius r 1 as dark as costa; ♂ phallus different......................................................... 12</p><p>12 Wing as Fig. 19: radius r 2+3 typically with vein stump, apices of radius r 4+5 and media m with contrasting darkening; ♂ middle femur without posteroventral line of regularly arranged strong black setae; fore metatarsus typically orange to light brown but specimens with completely black legs can be common regionally; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 105–108: phallus in dorsal view parallel sided, with an indistinct notch and a short ventral keel, downcurved in lateral view; phallus apodeme narrow in dorsal view; postgonite with broad base, almost triangular, its tip elongated and pointed.................... quadripunctata (Meigen)</p><p>- Wing different: radius r 2+3 without vein stump, wing hyaline to slightly brownish all over and without separated dark spots at apices of radius r 2+3 and media m; fore tarsi black; ♂ middle femur with posteroventral line of regularly arranged strong black setae; ♂ terminalia different: phallus becoming narrower towards the tip, with a distinct notch and without a ventral keel in dorsal view, almost straight in lateral view; phallus apodeme broad in dorsal view; postgonite almost parallel sided, its tip not elongated and not pointed.............................................................................. 13</p><p>13 Frontal triangle, especially at its tip, almost as strongly dusted as the sublateral dusting stripes on frons; ♂ sternites 3–5 only slightly longer than broad; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 30–33: postgonite blunt, laterally pointed; phallus distinctly narrower towards the tip. ........................................................................... arctica Clausen &amp; Cook</p><p>- Frontal triangle subshining, clearly contrasting with sublateral dusting stripes on frons; ♂ sternites 3–5 narrow, more than twice as long as broad; ♂ terminalia different: postgonite not pointed laterally......................................... 14</p><p>14 Lighter medial dusting stripe on scutum present, might be indistinct; wing uniformly tinged brown; haltere dark brown to black; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 83–88: phallus and phallus apodeme separated, phallus apodeme without lateral phallus arms; postgonite narrow, curved and apically pointed; subepandrial sclerites distinct................................. nigritarsis Strobl</p><p>- No medial dusting stripe on scutum; wing darker infuscate around crossveins; haltere light brown to yellow; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 66–70: ♂ phallus and phallus apodeme fused, phallus apodeme with lateral phallus arms; postgonite broad, straight and rounded apically; no subepandrial sclerites. ................................................. kahanpaai spec. nov.</p><p>15 Wing as Figs. 9 or 20: media m and radius r 2+3 each with a distinct elongated apical brown spot or wing all tinged brownish, brown spots around crossveins r-m and dm-cu bordered with white spots [specimens regularly occur with indistinct colouration and this character cannot be seen in such specimens]; white to grey dusting spots at transverse suture can be distinct (Fig. 24); scutum can have up to 3 dorsocentral setae, the anterior setae are usually small and inconspicuous; knob of haltere brown to black; setae on forecoxa can be almost entirely black; ♂ phallus apically with dorsal notch (Fig. 62) and with, at most, an indistinct, short ventral keel; hypandrium plate-like (Fig. 63)............................... 16 ( hecate species-group)</p><p>- Wing as Figs. 7 or 12: apex of media m and radius r 2+3 without dark spots, wing membrane hardly infuscated (strongly infuscated specimens occur occasionally), white spots bordering brown spots around radial veins r-m and dm-cu indistinct or absent; white to grey dusting spots at transverse suture indistinct or absent; scutum with 3 dorsocentral setae, anterior setae distinct and longer than half the length of prescutellar dorsocentral seta; knob of haltere can be light brown to whitish; setae on forecoxa mainly white to brown; ♂ phallus apically without dorsal notch (Figs. 52, 75) and with distinct and long ventral keel (Figs. 52, 75); hypandrium U-shaped (Figs. 53, 76)................................................ 20 ( fossarum species-group)</p><p>16 Scutum with medial stripe of light dusting as well as submedial stripes, typically with distinct grey-white spot at the end of transverse suture; scutum in front of distinct prescutellar dorsocentral seta usually with 1–3 additional smaller dorsocentral setae; tarsi usually orange-brown; media m and radius r 2+3 typically each with a distinct elongated apical brown spot; ♂ with tergite 5 slightly shorter than tergite 4; ♂ phallus broad with convex lateral margins in dorsal view; ♂ postgonite in lateral view slightly upcurved and pointed; ♀ tergite 6 hardly visible in dorsal view, less than half the length of tergite 5............ 17</p><p>- Scutum without medial stripe of light dusting, at most, with submedial dusted stripes, without grey-white spot at the end of transverse suture; scutum in front of distinct prescutellar dorsocentral seta usually without additional distinct dorsocentral setae; tarsi black; media m and radius r 2+3 without a distinct apical spot, wing strongly brownish infuscated; ♂ with tergite 5 distinctly longer than tergite 4; ♂ phallus narrow with lateral margin nearly straight; ♂ postgonite can be pointed but not upcurved; ♀ tergite 6 distinctly visible in dorsal view, about half the length of tergite 5........................................ 19</p><p>17 Tibiae yellow to brown, at least slightly lighter than femora (Fig. 6); ♂ terminalia as Figs. 48–51: lateral margin of postgonite with distinct notch in dorsal view............................................................ flavitarsis (Dahl)</p><p>- Tibiae black, as dark as femora; ♂ terminalia different: lateral margin of postgonite concave but without notch in dorsal view (only P. hecate examined).............................................................................. 18</p><p>18 Scutum with 0–1 shorter dorsocentral seta in front of the 1 long prescutellar seta; scutum with obvious white spots laterad to acrostichal setae; before prescutellar seta and at end of transverse suture (Fig. 20); wing as Fig. 19: strongly brown infuscated with obvious white spots around r-m, dm-cu and behind cu, brown spots at the tip of radius r 4+5 and media m can be fused with each other leaving the wing tip light, wing colouration can be completely brown, radius r 2+3 sharply bent to costa and slightly thickened at apex; ♂ terminalia not investigated......................................... quinquemaculata Becker</p><p>- Scutum with 2–3 shorter dorsocentral seta in front of the 1 long prescutellar seta; scutum without obvious white spots laterad to acrostichal setae or before prescutellar seta (Fig. 24); wing as Fig. 9: variable but usually less strongly brown infuscated and with spots less obvious, no distinct spot behind dm, radius r 2+3 less sharply bent to costa and not thickened at apex; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 62–65: phallus broad in dorsal view, with distinct apical notch and indistinct ventral keel, postgonite triangular with pointed tip, without lateral notch............................................................ hecate (Haliday)</p><p>19 Scutum with two submedial grey dusted stripes (Fig. 25); ♂ tergites 4–5 without outstanding long black setulae; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 79–82: phallus in lateral view bent ventrally, postgonite with blunt tip......................... mitis (Cresson)</p><p>- Scutum without submedial grey dusted stripes (Fig. 23); ♂ tergite 4 and posterior margin of tergite 5 with long black setulae that are slightly longer than diameter of hind tibia and obviously longer than the setulae on tergites 1–3; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 56–61: tip of phallus in lateral view obviously curved upwards; postgonite with a triangular base and an elongated narrow tip.................................................................................... .. hautalai spec. nov.</p><p>20 Fore tarsi typically orange with only apical tarsomere dark brown to black, in specimens with dark tarsi the apical tarsomere is still distinctly darker than the previous tarsomere; macerated sternites strongly sclerotised throughout, black; tergites more shining with less dense but more contrasting white microtrichia; fore coxa with white setae and setulae; ♂ tergite 5 short, usually less than half the length of tergite 4; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 75–78: tip of phallus rounded (lateral view), lateral arms of phallus apodeme very short (dorsal view); postgonite without lateral tip.................. .. minor (Robineau-Desvoidy)</p><p>- Fore tarsi typically black to dark brown, specimens with light orange yellow tarsi occur but these have at least the two apical tarsomeres equally dark; macerated sternites less sclerotised, light brown with dark spots; tergites less shining with denser, less contrasting brown microtrichia; fore coxa with light brown to black setae and setulae; ♂ tergite 5 longer, about half as long as tergite 4 or longer; ♂ terminalia as Figs. 52–55: tip of phallus cut straight off (lateral view); lateral appendages of phallus apodeme long (dorsal view); postgonite with lateral tip....................................... fossarum (Haliday)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387808374FFD5FF6FFE30C2F2FB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
