taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F387808345FFE4FF6FFB3AC6B9F805.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 26 – 29)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808345FFE4FF6FFB3AC6B9F805.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: 455 specimens from Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal and European Russia including new country records for Croatia and Georgia: CROATIA: 1 ♀, 24. vi. 2017, fishponds 1.5 km ne Stražanac [45.635 ° N 17.097 ° E]; 1 ♀, 25. vi. 2017, fishponds 2 km s Oriovac [45.147 ° N 17.747 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 24. vi. 2017, fishponds Ripnjaci [45.521 ° N 16.936 ° E]; 6 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 27. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube 0.6 km s Podunavlje [45.625 ° N 18.813 ° E]; 1 ♂, 27. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube 1 km se Tikveš [45.668 ° N 18.853 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 27. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube 1.5 km ne Kopačevo [45.612 ° N 18.800 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 26. vi. 2017, floodplain Drava 3 km n Petrijevci [45.638 ° N 18.542 ° E]; 3 ♀♀, 26. vi. 2017, floodplain Drava n Bistrinci [45.699 ° N 18.393 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 26. vi. 2017, floodplain Drava ne Nard [45.664 ° N 18.486 ° E]; 1 ♀, 25. vi. 2017, floodplain Sava 3 km ne Zbjeg [45.090 ° N 17.931 ° E]; 1 ♀, 4. vii. 2018, Krka n Lozovac [43.802 ° N 15.966 ° E]; 1 ♀, 22. vi. 2017, Piljenice [45.435 ° N 16.856 ° E]; 1 ♂, 19. vii. 2018, Šarena Jezero near Knin [44.027 ° N 16.223 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 26. vi. 2017, small river 5.2 km sse Lacići [45.590 ° N 18.235 ° E]; GEORGIA: 1 ♂, 30. vi. 2019, 1.4 km wsw Ilmazlo [41.424 ° N 45.008 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 13. vii. 2019, Algeti river n Partskhisi [41.579 ° N 44.567 ° E]; 1 ♀, 13. vii. 2019, Chrami river n Tikilisa [41.597 ° N 43.960 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 30. vi. 2019, Debeda river n Khanji-Gazlo [41.357 ° N 45.005 ° E]; 1 ♂, 30. vi. 2019, Debeda river n Kirach-Mughanlo [41.340 ° N 45.051 ° E]; 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 30. vi. 2019, Debeda river w Didi Mughanlo [41.389 ° N 44.943 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 1. vii. 2019, Iori river 8.5 km se Sagaredscho [41.668 ° N 45.388 ° E]; 1 ♂, 2. vii. 2019, Jandara reservoir 2.8 km se Mzianeti [41.451 ° N 45.212 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 11. vii. 2019, Kirkhbulaki river e Qulalisi [41.327 ° N 43.484 ° E]; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 8. vii. 2019, Kura river 1.5 km w Khtsisi [41.980 ° N 43.655 ° E]; 1 ♀, 30. vi. 2019, Kura river 1.6 km e Ilmazo [41.428 ° N 45.043 ° E]; 1 ♂, 29. vi. 2019, Kura river 2 km s Karajalari [41.599 ° N 44.960 ° E]; 3 ♂♂, 30. vi. 2019, Kura river 2.0 km ese Ilmazo [41.420 ° N 45.044 ° E]; 1 ♀, 9. vii. 2019, Kura river 2.3 km nne Teliani [41.948 ° N 44.282 ° E]; 1 ♀, 8. vii. 2019, Kura river n Akhalsheni [42.005 ° N 43.723 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 8. vii. 2019, Kura river nw Akhalsopeli [42.013 ° N 43.765 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 29. vi. 2019, Kura river, Rustawi [41.551 ° N 45.010 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 29. vi. 2019, Kura valley 2.7 km w Akhalsheni [41.484 ° N 45.034 ° E]; 1 ♂, 11. vii. 2019, lake Kartsakhi wsw Kartsakhi [41.236 ° N 43.249 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 10. vii. 2019, lake Nadarbazevis [41.999 ° N 44.287 ° E]; 1 ♀, 2. vii. 2019, Mariini Canal 3.4 km n Jandari [41.473 ° N 45.167 ° E]; 1 ♂, 12. vii. 2019, Saghamo lake se banks [41.297 ° N 43.754 ° E]; 1 ♀, 10. vii. 2019, small lake 2.2 km ene Imera [41.650 ° N 44.215 ° E]; 1 ♂, 8. vii. 2019, Soramula river 1.7 km ene Agara [42.047 ° N 43.841 ° E]. Diagnosis: A large species with short and inconspicuous setae and setulae and hardly any wing colouration (Fig. 1). The small wart like protuberances at the base of medial scutellar seta, hind tibia with silver-white dusting apically and basally, distinct contrast between subshining dorsal and densely dusted ventral face, high and broad phallus in lateral view (Fig. 28), postgonite broad based and S-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 26) are each unique within European Parydra. Distribution in Europe: A common species distributed widely across Europe. Its absence from some of the larger islands including Iceland, the Canary Islands, Mallorca and Sardinia might be due to their lack of suitable habitats. Parydra aquila has been recorded from northern Finland up to 66 ° N (GBIF 2024) which may represent the northern limit of its distribution within Europe. Outside Europe P. aquila occurs in Morocco (Vitte 1991), in Asia north to Japan (Krivosheina 1995, Miyagi 1977 as bituberculata) and is widely distributed in America north of 30 ° N (Clausen & Cook 1971). Biology: An aquatic to semiaquatic species reaching its highest populational density in detritus rich inland habitats. Adults are found from March to October and the species is polyvoltine at least in central and south Europe. Stigmatomyces parydrae Thaxter, 1917 has been reported to grow on P. aquila (Santamaría & Rossi 1998). The larva and puparium are described by Krivosheina (1987). Larvae live within detritus or among organic material. Their exact diet is unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808342FFE6FF6FFABAC524F86D.taxon	description	(Figs. 4, 38 – 41)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808342FFE6FF6FFABAC524F86D.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: ♀ holotype of P. cognata with these labels: (1) “ [illegible signs] ”; (2) “ Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “ 14466 ”; (4) “ Parydra / cognata / m. ”; (5) “ Holotypus ”; (6) “ Parydra / coarctata / Fll. / M. Krivosheina det., 1985 ”; (7) “ Zool. Mus. / Berlin ” Additional Material examined: 959 specimens from Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Jordan, Portugal, Turkey with new country records from Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan: CROATIA: 1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, 14. vii. 2018, Čikola 2 km w Otavice [43.841 ° N 16.239 ° E]; 1 ♀, 25. vi. 2017, Ðuračica 5 km s Magić Mala [45.133 ° N 17.596 ° E]; 1 ♂, 24. vi. 2017, fishponds 1.5 km ne Stražanac [45.635 ° N 17.097 ° E]; 1 ♀, 4. vii. 2018, Krka n Lozovac [43.802 ° N 15.966 ° E]; 6 ♂♂, 19. vii. 2018, small river 1 km e Ramljane [43.975 ° N 16.212 ° E]; 1 ♂, 26. vi. 2017, small river 5.2 km sse Lacići [45.590 ° N 18.235 ° E]; 1 ♀, 18. vii. 2018, small river s Vrpolje [43.672 ° N 16.009 ° E]; 1 ♂, 24. vi. 2017, valley 1 km se Donja Rasenica [45.664 ° N 17.223 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 24. vi. 2017, valley 1.5 km ne Rastovac [45.691 ° N 17.288 ° E]; CYPRUS: 1 ♀, 31. iii. 2015, southern shore Paralimni lake [35.027 ° N 33.963 ° E]; GEORGIA: 1 ♀, 1. vii. 2019, 2.8 km nnw Jikurebi lake [41.598 ° N 45.326 ° E]; 3 ♂♂, 10. vii. 2019, Algeti river 0.8 km wnw Tskhrakudaani [41.675 ° N 44.379 ° E]; 1 ♂, 12. vii. 2019, Bughdasheni lake [41.198 ° N 43.689 ° E]; 1 ♀, 1. vii. 2019, Iori river ne Sartichala [41.723 ° N 45.181 ° E]; 1 ♂, 8. vii. 2019, Kura river e Variani [42.073 ° N 44.040 ° E]; 1 ♂, 7. vii. 2019, Kura river nw Dzegvi [41.850 ° N 44.599 ° E]; 1 ♂, 29. vi. 2019, Kura valley se Rustawi [41.520 ° N 45.023 ° E]; 1 ♀, 12. vii. 2019, Saghamo lake se banks [41.297 ° N 43.754 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 1. vii. 2019, small river 1.6 km wsw Tokhliauri [41.721 ° N 45.403 ° E]; 1 ♂ 9 ♀♀, 10. vii. 2019, small river valley sw Manglisi [41.694 ° N 44.379 ° E]; 1 ♂, 13. vii. 2019, small valley 1.1 km ne Abrameti [41.620 ° N 44.508 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 4. vii. 2019, Snostskali river 0.6 km nw Sno [42.609 ° N 44.633 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 4. vii. 2019, Snostskali river 0.8 km se Sno [42.600 ° N 44.645 ° E]; 1 ♀, 3. vii. 2019, Terek river 1.3 km sw Stepantsminda [42.649 ° N 44.634 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 4. vii. 2019, Terek river 1.6 km w Ukhati [42.558 ° N 44.502 ° E]; KYRGYZSTAN: 1 ♀, 27. v. 2019, river bed ca. 1.6 km nnw Kyzylungungir [41.406 ° N 73.053 ° E]. Diagnosis: Typical material of P. coarctata is recognised by the white setulae on the middle coxa, partly orange-brown tarsi, scutellum with an apical tooth, broad gena (gena-eye ratio = 0.4 – 0.5) and radius r 2 + 3 with a vein stump (Fig. 4). ♂ has no dense black setulae on the middle tibia unlike other species of Parydra s. str. ♂ terminalia are unique in the combination of the separated phallus and phallus apodeme (Fig. 40) and the broad phallus in dorsal view (Fig. 38) with an upcurved tip (Fig. 40). Females with completely dark tarsi closely resemble P. obliterata and the characters given in the key should be checked carefully. Taxonomy: Robineau-Desvoidy (1830: 799 – 798) described Napaea stagnicola and separated the species in two forms: " Variété A. Napaea major " for which he gave no additional character and " Variété B. Napaea minor " for which he added a diagnosis. Haliday (1839: 407 – 408) synonymised both forms: " stagnicola minor " as P. fossarum and " stagnicola major " as P. coarctata but didn´t mention the name P. stagnicola s. str. As a result, there were two synonyms (P. major = P. coarctata, P. minor = P. fossarum) but three names (P. stagnicola, P. major, P. minor). Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995) listed P. stagnicola as a valid species, Evenhuis et al (2010) only list P. stagnicola and ignore P. minor and P. major. Robineau-Desvoidy (1830) doesn´t give any characters for P. major other than those given for P. stagnicola. Given this it seems reasonable to conclude that he intends the names P. stagnicola s. str. and P. stagnicola major to apply to the same taxon. Both are therefore objective synonyms and following Haliday (1839) Napaea stagnicola Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 must be placed as a junior synonym of Ephydra coarctata Fallén, 1813 (syn. nov.).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808342FFE6FF6FFABAC524F86D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Europe: Parydra coarctata is probably the commonest species of the genus in Europe and is distributed nearly throughout the continent. There is a distribution border in Northern Europe where, in Finland, the species reaches 66 ° N. There are no records from Iceland to date. Outside Europe P. coarctata is known from Morocco (Vitte 1988, 1991) to Jordan (Stuke 2012), Lebanon (Becker 1926) and Turkey (Pârvu & Popescu-Mirceni 2006 a). The distribution in Asia reaches at least to Turkmenistan and Tajikistan (Krivosheina 1989) and Eastern Siberia (Dahl 1968). Biology: Parydra coarctata occurs in a wide variety of permanent and temporary wetlands with rich vegetation. The species may prefer forests with water but also colonizes open habitats. It is also regularly found in saline habitats. Parydra coarctata is polyvoltine and flies in Southern Europe all year round. It can frequently be found in winter in central Europe and may regularly overwinter as an adult. Stigmatomyces trianguliapicalis T. Majewski, 1972 has been reported to grow on P. coarctata (Huldén 1985, Santamaría & Rossi 1993). No information is available concerning its larval biology.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808340FFEBFF6FFB3DC7BAFB86.taxon	description	(Figs. 5, 42 – 47) Holotype: 1 ♂ with these labels: (1) “ Jordanien / Dana, Quellen und / Bewässerungsgräben / (30 ° 40.51 ‘ N 035 ° 36.61 ’ E) / 17.10.2010, Stuke leg. “; (2) „ Holotypus / Parydra cryptica / spec. nov. ♂ / Stuke det. 2024 “. The specimen is pinned using a minuten and is in excellent condition. The abdomen is dissected, macerated and stored in a glycerine microvial pinned underneath the specimen. The holotype will be preserved in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde — Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany (ZMB). Paratype: 1 ♂, same data as holotype, deposited in coll. PJHS. Description Holotype (♂): Length about 4.1 mm. Wing length = 2.9 mm. Head height = 0.7 mm. Head black. Gena-eye-ratio (in lateral view genal height measured at the maximum eye height: eye height) = 0.4. Antenna black. Ocelli brown, forming an almost equilateral triangle. Frontal triangle and frontorbital plate subshining, frontal vita densely dusted. Frontal triangle reaching to ptilinal suture. Face slightly convex in lateral view, brown dusted. Ocellar seta and two lateroclinate frontorbital setae about as large as inner and outer vertical setae; one prominent facial seta with five smaller setae below; two inconspicuous genal setae. Thorax black. Scutellum with small apical process. Scutum and scutellum subshining. Scutum with indistinct medial and submedial stripes of dusting and indistinct dusting at the end of the transverse suture. Pleurae grey to brown dusted. Two rows of small acrostichal setae; 0 + 3 strong dorsocentral setae; no prescutellar seta; 2 notopleural setae, anterior one distinctly smaller; 1 postalar seta; 1 large apical and 1 smaller sublateral scutellar setae; 1 seta at posterior margin of anepisternum. Wing hyaline to slightly brown infuscate with inconspicuous brown colouration around crossveins dm-cu, crossvein r-m and vein stump at radius r 2 + 3. Veins brown. Haltere light yellow-brown. Legs black with metatarsi orange-brown. Legs grey dusted except for the posterior surface of hind leg which is mainly shining. Coxae with white setulae only. Middle tibia with a row of strong black setae posteroventral and dense black setulae ventrally in apical half. Hind femur with a row of long white setulae posteroventrally. Abdomen with tergite III – IV-ratio (length tergite 3 medially: length tergite 4 medially) = 1.0 and tergite IV – Vratio (length tergite 4 medially: length tergite 5 medially) = 1.1. Sternites 3 – 5 as Fig. 47. Sternite 5 partly fused with hypandrium. All sternites equally sclerotised. Sternites with scattered, inconspicuous setulae only. Epandrium as Fig. 46: with a broad tooth beneath cerci and obvious long setulae apically. Subepandrial plate represented by two sclerites that are fused by a membrane. Hypandrium as shown in Figs. 43. Postgonite as shown in Fig. 45: triangular, ending laterally in a short tooth, without a notch at lateral margin. Phallus as shown in Figs. 42 and 44: moderately broad and with a distinct apical notch in dorsal view, without an upcurved tip in lateral view. Phallus apodeme as shown in Fig. 42 and 44: separated from phallus, broad at its junction with phallus, with distinct broad lateral arms. Variation: Paratype has 0 + 4 dorsocentral setae. Females cannot currently be recognised. Diagnosis: Parydra cryptica can be identified as a member of the coarctata species group by the (i) scutellum with a more or less distinct apical process, (ii) radius r 2 + 3 with a vein stump, (iii) face slightly convex in lateral view, (iv) ♂ middle femur posteroventrally with a line of regularly arranged black setae, and (v) phallus and phallus apodeme separated. Males can be distinguished from other species of this group by (vi) middle coxa with white setae and setulae only (dark brown to black in P. littoralis) and (vii) middle tibia with dense black setulae in anteroventral half (no dense black setulae in P. coarctata, more distributed dense black setulae in P. littoralis). (viii) Parydra cryptica is distinguished from all other Parydra by the epandrium with a tooth beneath the tip of the cercus and the tip of the epandrium laterally with long setulae. Derivatio nominis: From Latin cryptica (concealed, feminine) reflecting the difficulty in recognising this species within the coarctata species-group. Distribution: Currently only known from the locus typicus in the East Jordanian highlands. Biology: The specimens were collected at springs and narrow, partly defective, irrigation ditches in an extensively used agricultural area, at an altitude of around 1200 m. Some of the collection locations were shaded by bushes and trees.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780834BFFECFF6FFF34C475FC29.taxon	description	(Figs. 11, 71 – 74)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780834BFFECFF6FFF34C475FC29.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 125 specimens from France, Germany and Portugal. Diagnosis: Males and females of P. littoralis are distinguished from other Parydra s. str. by the black to dark brown setulae on the middle coxa. Males are additionally separated from all other European Parydra by the dense black setulae ventrally in the anterior 2 / 3 of the middle tibia, obvious strong setae posteroventrally on the middle femur and shining areas on the middle tibia. ♂ terminalia are unique in having the phallus and phallus apodeme separated (Fig 73) and having a characteristic notch in the lateral margin of the postgonite (Fig. 71). ♀ resembles Chaetoapnaea but can be recognised by the strongly dusted face, which is slightly convex in lateral view, broad gena (gena-eye ratio = 0.4 – 0.5), and, usually, the presence of a distinct projection apically on the scutellum. Parydra quadripunctata females can be similar but usually have the apices of the radius r 4 + 5 and media m with contrasting darkening and the middle tibia without shining areas. Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed in central Europe and Britain. Less frequent reported from Spain (Zatwarnicki & Blasco-Zumeta 2004), Morocco (Vitte 1988, 1991), the northern Balkan peninsula including Bulgaria (Beschovski & Zatwarnicki 2004, Hubenov 2018) and Serbia (Krivosheina & Ozerov 2022) and Ukraine (Krivosheina 2014). Recorded in Scandinavia north to 62 ° N (GBIF 2024). Biology: Adults are found in wetlands with dense vegetation and, usually, dead organic material. Parydra littoralis shows a preference for forested habitats but can also be found in open wetlands. Adults have been recorded from April to August and P. littoralis may be polyvoltine.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780834AFFEEFF6FFB3CC6D4FD3E.taxon	description	(Figs. 14, 83 – 88)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780834AFFEEFF6FFB3CC6D4FD3E.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: Lectotype ♂ of P. nigritarsis, herewith designated, with these labels pinned at the specimen: (1) “ Syntypus ”; (2) “ Lectotypus / Parydra nigritarsis / Strobl, 1893 ♂ / des. Stuke 2025 ”. Additional with this collection label: (3) “ Par. nigritarsis m. / Natterriegel & illegible sign & 22 / 8 91 ♂. ” The lectotype is pinned on a minute. The right wing is missing, otherwise the specimen is in a good condition (Fig. 14). Additional material examined: ROMANIA: 1 ♂, 25. v. 1983, Calimăni [47,264 ° N 25,351 ° E], 1700 m, leg. I. Ceianu; 1 ♀, 2. vi. 1978, Carpathian, „ Val. Pulnei “, 1000 m, leg. I. Ceianu; SWITZERLAND: 1 ♀, 1. – 15. vii. 1991, Kanton Graubünden, Dischmatal [46,780 ° N 9,872 ° E], 1800, leg. P. Brodmann; 1 ♀, 15. – 30. vi. 1990, dito; 2 ♀♀, 16. – 30. vi. 1990, dito; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 22. v. 1991, dito; 1 ♀, 24. vii. 2012, Kanton Uri, Furkapass, Alpfor aerea 11.2 [46,572 ° N 8,415 ° E], 2400, leg. G. Bächli; 1 ♀, 21. vi. 2003, Kanton Wallis, Morgins, La Chaux-Culet, 1799 – 1900 m, leg. B. Merz. Diagnosis: A small black legged Parydra with a strongly dusted face, broad gena, the knob of the haltere usually dark brown and wing brown infuscated without obvious wing markings nor additional vein stump is a good candidate for P. nigritarsis. It is most similar to P. arctica and P. kahanpaai. The frontal triangle is subshining, especially at the tip, and contrasts with the more densely dusted frontal vita. The scutum always has a central stripe of pale dusting though this can be indistinct. Examination of the unique male terminalia, characterised by phallus and phallus apodeme separated, phallus apodeme without lateral arms, postgonite narrow, curved and pointed apically (Fig. 86) is recommended for reliable identification. Taxonomy: Chvála (2008) remarked that an unpublished lectotype designation of Canzoneri & Meneghini is invalid and that the specimen herewith designated as lectotype was already proposed by Kubátová-Hiršová, who examined the material 2003. However, to date there was no lectotype designation published. The designation of this lectotype is necessary due to the difficulty of interpretation of P. nigritarsis and the possibility that the type series of Strobl may also include other Parydra species.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780834AFFEEFF6FFB3CC6D4FD3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Europe: Due to identification difficulties the distribution of P. nigritarsis is unclear and only the records listed above are reliable. These indicate a disjunct montane distribution in Europe with records from the Alps (Austria, Switzerland) and the Carpathians (Romania). Scandinavian records of P. nigritarsis may all belong to P. kahanpaai. Biology: No specific information about the habitat is available. Parydra nigritarsis is a montane species with records from May to July.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808348FFF4FF6FF96DC6D5FE62.taxon	description	(Figs. 16, 93 – 96)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808348FFF4FF6FF96DC6D5FE62.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: ♂ lectotype of P. obliterata in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ 25 9 [& illegible sign] ”; (2) “ Ilfeld / S. - Harz Duda ”; (3) “ 4 - punctata / var. obliterata / ♂ d. Duda ”; (4) “ Lectotypus ”; (5) “ Zool. Mus / Berlin ” Additional material examined: Material: GERMANY: 1 ♀, 24. vii. 2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, beach Spitzenhorner Bucht, Wolgast [54.065 ° N 13.788 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 3. vi. 2016, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Recknitztal 5.4 km se Damgarten [54.211 ° N 12.550 ° E]; 1 ♀, 5. vi. 2016, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rügen, Bodden 3 km sw Prora [54.419 ° N 13.544 ° E]; 1 ♂, 25. vii. 2003, Lower Saxony, Ems Leer [53.219 ° N 7.429 ° E]; 1 ♂, 16. vi. 2007, Lower Saxony, Alnus - forest e Adelebsen [51.587 ° N 9.762 ° E]; 1 ♂, 20. v. 2024, Lower Saxony, Jadebusen, salt marsh w Stollhamm [53.512 ° N 8.320 ° E]; 1 ♀, 22. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, Leineaue e Elze [52.119 ° N 9.761 ° E]; 1 ♀, 21. vi. 2008, Lower Saxony, below Sösetalsperre [51.736 ° N 10.301 ° E]; 1 ♂, 6. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Sülldorf [52.027 ° N 11.567 ° E]; GEORGIA: 1 ♂, 3. vii. 2019, Terek river 1.3 km sw Stepantsminda [42.649 ° N 44.634 ° E]. Diagnosis: This is a difficult species with a long history of confusion (cf. Zatwarnicki 1991, Beschowski & Zatwarnicki 2004). Confusion is possible with those species belonging to the subgenus Chaetoapnaea which have black tarsi. However, the entirely white to light brown setulae on the middle coxa serve to separate P. obliterata from all Chaetonapaea. The typical characters of Parydra s. str. are also present in P. obliterata: a tooth at apex of scutellum, a convex face and broad gena (gena-eye ratio> 0.4 – 0.5). ♂ can be recognised by the dense black setulae ventrally in the apical half of the middle tibia and the comb like row of regularly arranged dense setae posteroventrally on the middle femur. Only P. littoralis and P. cryptica have a similar pattern of setae. ♂ terminalia diagnostically with the phallus and phallus apodeme separated (Fig. 95) and the phallus narrow in dorsal view (Fig. 93). ♀ is difficult to recognise and probably cannot always be reliably distinguished from similar species. The full combination of characters given in the key must be checked carefully when attempting to determine female specimens. Distribution in Europe: The history of confusion and difficulty in identification of females makes the interpretation of previous records difficult. Parydra obliterata is reliably recorded by Zatwarnicki (1991) (as P. nigritarsis but with a drawing clearly showing the terminalia of P. obliterata) from Denmark, Italy, Poland, Romania and Sweden. Additionally, there are published records from Bulgaria (Beschovski & Zatwarnicki 2004, Hubenov 2018), the Czech Republic (Zatwarnicki & Kejval 2022), Germany (Papp 1979) and Hungary (Beschovski & Zatwarnicki 2004). Parydra obliterata is widely distributed at least from Central Europe to Southeast Europe. Currently there are no records from the Iberian Peninsula, Britain, Scandinavia (with the exception of a female published by Zatwarnicki (1991) from Sweden) or from anywhere outside Europe. Biology: Adults of P. obliterata have been caught from May to August in densely vegetated wetland, riparian and inland saline habitats.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808352FFF5FF6FFEE3C41DFBD3.taxon	description	(Figs. 2, 22, 30 – 33)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808352FFF5FF6FFEE3C41DFBD3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: CANADA: 1 ♂, 7. viii. 1950, Northwest Territories, Cambridge Bay [69.116 ° N 105.059 ° W], paratype, leg. E. H. N. Smith; FINLAND: 1 ♂, without date, Esbo [60.195 ° N 24.767 ° E], leg. R. Frey, coll. MZH; 1 ♀, without date, Torneå [65.8 ° N 24.1 ° E], leg. R. Frey, det. Zatwarnicki, coll. MZH; 1 ♂, without date, Utsjoki [69.909 ° N 27.028 ° E], leg. R. Frey, coll. MZH; 1 ♂, 21. vii. 2020, Lapland, Kortteenniska e Torvinen [67.198 ° N 26.663 ° E]; NORWAY: 1 ♀, 20. vii. 2004, Svartness [70.372 ° N 31.012 ° E], det. Zatwarnicki. Diagnosis: A small black legged Parydra with the face and frons strongly dusted, gena broad, a light brown haltere knob and without obvious wing markings is a good candidate for P. arctica. However, it is difficult to distinguish P. arctica from P. nigritarsis and P. kahanpaai. Males of P. arctica can be clearly distinguished by their terminalia. Especially the postgonite which is blunt and laterally pointed (Fig. 30) and examination of the male terminalia is recommended for reliable identification. The only known distinguishing character for females is that the tip of the frontal triangle is almost as densely dusted as the frontal vita. Distribution in Europe: To date the only published European records are from Finland (Krivosheina 2000), Norway (Zatwarnicki & Andersen 2023) and Sweden (Hellquvist et al. 2024). Outside of Europe this Holarctic species has been recorded from northern Canada (Clausen & Cook 1971) and Siberia (Krivosheina 1989, 1995). Biology: Both records made by the author are from barely overgrown sections of the banks of small streams. Flight time based on the available records is from July to August.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808352FFF5FF6FFB36C415F8E2.taxon	description	(Figs. 3, 34 – 37)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808352FFF5FF6FFB36C415F8E2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Material: CYPRUS: 1 ♂, 27. iii. 2015, wetland s Akrotiri Salzsee [34.600 ° N 32.971 ° E]; GEORGIA: 1 ♂, 12. vii. 2019, Bughdasheni lake [41.198 ° N 43.689 ° E]; 1 ♀, 12. vii. 2019, Kochki river s Epremovka [41.189 ° N 43.748 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 12. vii. 2019, Saghamo lake se banks [41.297 ° N 43.754 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 4. vii. 2019, Snostskali river 0.8 km se Sno [42.600 ° N 44.645 ° E]; 1 ♀, 4. vii. 2019, Terek river 1.6 km w Ukhati [42.558 ° N 44.502 ° E]; KYRGYZSTAN: 2 ♀♀, 30. v. 2019, northern shore of Song-Kul [41.764 ° N 75.140 ° E]; 3 ♀♀, 27. v. 2019, river bed ca. 1.6 km nnw Kyzylungungir [41.406 ° N 73.053 ° E]; TURKEY: 1 ♀, 20. vii. 2005, Askale – Bayburt, 2400 m NN [40.032 ° N 40.517 ° E]; 1 ♂, 19. vii. 2005, Erzurum, Atatürk University [39.902 ° N 41.227 ° E]. Diagnosis: Recognised by the combination of yellow knees, a vein stump at radius r 2 + 3 (Fig. 3) and the strongly dusted face and frons. Confusion is possible with species of Parydra s. str. that have a vein stump on r 2 + 3. However, these species never have such strongly dusted frons and are further separated by the characters of the subgenus. Distribution in Europe: The records published here represent the first for Europe. Previously it was known only from the locus typicus in Iran. It is widely distributed and not rare, at least locally, from Kyrgyzstan to Cyprus (Fig. 109). Biology: Parydra articulata has been recorded from March to July in densely vegetated wetlands including the edges of lakes and rivers. It has also been found in saline habitats.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808351FFF8FF6FFA75C4E1FD12.taxon	description	(Figs. 6, 48 – 51)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808351FFF8FF6FFA75C4E1FD12.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 142 specimens from France, Italy, Jordan, Morocco and Portugal with new country records from Cyprus and first records from the French Atlantic coast: CYPRUS: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 29. iii. 2015, creek nw Kouris Stausee [34.766 ° N 32.902 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 1. vii. 2016, floodplain e Agios Mamas [34.851 ° N 32.980 ° E]; 1 ♀, 1. vii. 2016, floodplain e Agios Mamas [34.851 ° N 32.980 ° E]; 1 ♂, 30. iii. 2015, Foinikas reservoir [34.758 ° N 32.578 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 29. iii. 2015, Germasogeia reservoir outflow [34.742 ° N 33.084 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 28. iii. 2015, outflow reservoir 2.5 km w Meneou [34.867 ° N 33.558 ° E]; 4 ♂♂, 1. iv. 2015, pond on golf course 1 km se Kouklia [34.691 ° N 32.597 ° E]; 7 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 27. iii. 2015, reedbed n Akrotiri Salzsee [34.632 ° N 32.963 ° E]; 1 ♀, 2. vii. 2016, reservoir 4.5 km w Flasou [35.062 ° N 32.837 ° E]; 1 ♂, 30. iii. 2015, riparian forest s Kidasi [34.798 ° N 32.705 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 1. vii. 2016, river Kato Milos [34.894 ° N 33.008 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 2. vii. 2016, river Pera Pedi [34.862 ° N 32.873 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 30. vi. 2016, stream s Arakapas [34.841 ° N 33.112 ° E],; 11 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 27. iii. 2015, wetland Phasouri [34.633 ° N 32.932 ° E]; 1 ♀, 27. iii. 2015, wetland s Akrotiri Salzsee [34.600 ° N 32.971 ° E]; FRANCE: 1 ♂, 9. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Étang de Langouarde [44.863 ° N 1.153 ° W]; 1 ♀, 2. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, small salt marsh n Claouey [44.757 ° N 1.178 ° W]. Diagnosis: Typical specimens are recognised by the light tibiae (Fig. 6). Only P. articulata shares this character but this species is separated by the more densely dusted face (subshining in P. flavitarsis) and the vein stump at radius r 2 + 3 (no vein stump in P. flavitarsis). However, specimens occur with dark brown tibiae that are hardly lighter than the femora. Such specimens can closely resemble P. hecate. These two species are very similar and, with the exception of the different colouration of the tibiae in typical specimens, are only separable based on the shape of the postgonite which has a distinct notch in its lateral margin in P. flavitarsis. Taxonomy: Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995) incorrectly placed P. flavitarsis in the subgenus Parydra s. str. However, the species conforms to all characters given by Clausen & Cook (1971) for the subgenus Chaetoapnaea (new subgenus position). Due to its assignment to the wrong subgenus Stuke (2012) did not take P. flavitarsis into account when describing P. danensis. When material identified as P. flavitarsis was made available from Morocco and Portugal it became obvious that P. danensis is conspecific. Therefore, Parydra danensis Stuke, 2012 must be placed as a junior synonym of Parydra flavitarsis (Dahl, 1949) (syn. nov.). Distribution in Europe: Mainly a mediterranean species with records from Cyprus westwards to Spain. Isolated recent records are from the French Atlantic coast at around 45 ° N. Outside of Europe P. flavitarsis is known from Jordan (Stuke 2012) and Morocco (Canzoneri & Vienna 1994, Vitte 1988, 1991) southwards to Western Sahara (Dahl 1964). Biology: Parydra flavitarsis is polyvoltine and flies throughout the year as long as suitable habitats with water are present. It has been recorded in densely vegetated wetlands including rice fields, small ponds, lakes, wet meadows and rivers. It has also regularly been recorded from saline wetlands.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780835DFFFEFF6FFA1EC596F86D.taxon	description	(Figs. 7, 52 – 55)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780835DFFFEFF6FFA1EC596F86D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Material: CROATIA: 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 14. vii. 2018, Čikola 2 km w Otavice [43.841 ° N 16.239 ° E]; 1 ♂, 13. vii. 2018, Čikola 2.5 km ssw Drniš [43.845 ° N 16.178 ° E]; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 25. vi. 2017, Ðuračica 5 km s Magić Mala [45.133 ° N 17.596 ° E]; 1 ♀, 25. vi. 2017, fishponds 2 km s Oriovac [45.147 ° N 17.747 ° E]; 1 ♀, 27. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube 2.5 km n Batina [45.864 ° N 18.837 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 28. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube 3.5 km ne Sarvaš [45.551 ° N 18.862 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, 28. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube n Aljmaš [45.531 ° N 18.946 ° E]; 1 ♀, 28. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube n Bijelo Brdo [45.524 ° N 18.874 ° E]; 11 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, 29. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube n Borovo [45.432 ° N 18.984 ° E]; 1 ♀, 26. vi. 2017, floodplain Drava n Bistrinci [45.699 ° N 18.393 ° E]; 1 ♀, 28. vi. 2017, floodplain Drava n Kopačevo [45.608 ° N 18.789 ° E]; 1 ♂, 23. vi. 2017, floodplain Sava s Suvoj [45.372 ° N 16.687 ° E]; 1 ♀, 19. vii. 2018, Krka 0.4 km ese Kovačić [44.041 ° N 16.233 ° E]; 1 ♀, 19. vii. 2018, Krka 3.9 km nw Ljubotić [44.009 ° N 16.036 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 4. vii. 2018, Krka n Lozovac [43.802 ° N 15.966 ° E]; 1 ♂, 10. vii. 2018, lake Vrana, marsh 4.5 km nne Pakoštane [43.939 ° N 15.548 ° E]; 1 ♂, 23. vi. 2017, Lonjsko polje 1.2 km ne Mužilovčica [45.397 ° N 16.691 ° E]; 1 ♀, 6. vii. 2018, small marsh 2 km sw Bićine [43.820 ° N 15.887 ° E]; GERMANY: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 26. v. 2011, Baden-Württemberg, Rhine floodplains nw Plittersdorf [48.889 ° N 8.153 ° E]; 1 ♂, 3. vii. 2009, Bavaria, Danube floodplain, NSG „ Pillmoos “ ne Straubing [48.900 ° N 12.593 ° E]; 1 ♀, 24. v. 2010, Bavaria, Danube floodplain, NSG „ Zeller Wörth “ 2 km ne Hofstetten, Straubing [48.907 ° N 12.635 ° E]; 1 ♂, 28. vi. 2009, Bavaria, Eibsee, Garmisch Patenkirchen [47.460 ° N 10.987 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3. vii. 2009, Bavaria, Isarmündung, Deggendorff [48.799 ° N 12.957 ° E]; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 23. v. 2010, Bavaria, sandpit 2 km w Mitterlern (11 km ese Freising) [48.387 ° N 11.898 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 26. vii. 2021, Brandenburg, Alte Emster ne Wust [52.417 ° N 12.623 ° E]; 1 ♀, 18. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, beach Lochower See [52.685 ° N 12.446 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 13. viii. 2015, Brandenburg, Elbe nw Cumlosen [53.039 ° N 11.652 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 14. v. 2022, Brandenburg, Fauler See sw Brandenburg [52.358 ° N 12.437 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 13. viii. 2015, Brandenburg, ponds Cumlosen [53.027 ° N 11.651 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 16. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, Gördensee s beach [52.429 ° N 12.487 ° E]; 1 ♂, 14. v. 2022, Brandenburg, meadows s Pritzerber See [52.486 ° N 12.471 ° E]; 1 ♂, 26. vii. 2021, Brandenburg, Havel, 1 km nne Gollwitz [52.429 ° N 12.650 ° E]; 4 ♂♂, 14. v. 2022, Brandenburg, Havel nw Kützkow [52.501 ° N 12.447 ° E]; 1 ♂, 16. vii. 2022, dito; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 18. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, Hundswiesen 2 km ne Semlin [52.673 ° N 12.400 ° E]; 1 ♀, 18. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, ditches w Wolfsmühle [52.517 ° N 12.292 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 7. v. 2016, Brandenburg, Lunow Stolper Polder close Stützkow [52.990 ° N 14.174 ° E]; 1 ♀, 13. viii. 2015, Brandenburg, Mödlich, ponds „ Alte Fischerkate “ [53.078 ° N 11.390 ° E]; 3 ♂♂, 17. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, northern banks Beetzsee [52.478 ° N 12.568 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 22. v. 2015, Brandenburg, Oder e Vogelsang [52.184 ° N 14.685 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 26. v. 2015, Brandenburg, Oder n Briesnig [51.805 ° N 14.602 ° E]; 1 ♀, 22. v. 2015, Brandenburg, Oder n Brieskow-Finkenheerd [52.269 ° N 14.585 ° E]; 1 ♀, 7. v. 2016, Brandenburg, Oder close Stolpe [52.962 ° N 14.143 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 6. v. 2016, Brandenburg, Zäckericker Loose [52.796 ° N 14.238 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 16. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, lake e Briest [52.441 ° N 12.434 ° E]; 1 ♂, 14. v. 2022, Brandenburg, Seekamp Malge [52.369 ° N 12.476 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 17. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, lakes 1.5 km e Ketzür [52.494 ° N 12.652 ° E]; 1 ♀, 25. v. 2015, Brandenburg, Spree e Hartmannsdorf [51.967 ° N 13.894 ° E]; 1 ♂, 18. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, Stremme 0.9 km wnw Wilhelminental [52.507 ° N 12.286 ° E]; 1 ♂, 9. viii. 2014, Brandenburg, se banks Kolpinsee [52.349 ° N 12.798 ° E]; 6 ♂♂, 26. vii. 2021, Brandenburg, swamp e Brandenburg [52.409 ° N 12.578 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 15. vii. 2022, dito; 1 ♂, 16. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, swamp nw Tieckow [52.470 ° N 12.445 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 16. vii. 2022, Brandenburg, ponds Brielow [52.465 ° N 12.532 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 31. vii. 2013, Brandenburg, Oder near Gartz [53.205 ° N 14.383 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 15. v. 2022, Brandenburg, Am Streng [52.357 ° N 12.688 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 9. viii. 2014, Brandenburg, meadows nw Netzener See [52.357 ° N 12.701 ° E]; 1 ♀, 15. v. 2022, dito; 1 ♀, 18. vii. 2024, Bremen, Pannlake [53.120 ° N 8.878 ° E]; 1 ♀, 24. vii. 2019, Bremen, Stadtwald [53.104 ° N 8.835 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 18. vii. 2024, Bremen, salt place Rethrihen [53.046 ° N 8.755 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 14. vi. 2007, Bremen, ponds w Neustädter Hafen [53.099 ° N 8.728 ° E]; 1 ♂, 23. vii. 2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Bugewitz [53.789 ° N 13.835 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 12. viii. 2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Elbufer 6.5 km w Boitzenburg [53.375 ° N 10.624 ° E]; 1 ♀, 12. viii. 2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Elbe Gothmann [53.360 ° N 10.735 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 12. viii. 2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Herrensee 1.4 km s Dömitz [53.120 ° N 11.273 ° E]; 1 ♂, 3. vii. 2013, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, island Gormitz [54.033 ° N 13.926 ° E]; 1 ♂, 12. v. 2013, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Peene s Gützkow [53.923 ° N 13.424 ° E]; 1 ♀, 25. vii. 2015, dito; 3 ♀♀, 24. vii. 2015, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, polder s Klotzow [53.889 ° N 13.832 ° E]; 1 ♀, 5. vi. 2016, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rügen, beach Lietzow [54.481 ° N 13.507 ° E]; 1 ♂, 5. vi. 2016, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rügen, marsh 3 km sw Prora [54.419 ° N 13.544 ° E]; 1 ♂, 9. v. 2013, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, banks n Brandshagen [54.255 ° N 13.192 ° E]; 1 ♀, 2. vii. 2013, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, pond nw Balm [53.960 ° N 13.996 ° E]; 1 ♀, 11. v. 2008, Lower Saxony, sand pit 2 km sw Sumte [53.267 ° N 10.855 ° E]; 1 ♂, 20. iv. 2018, Lower Saxony, Achterholz ne Karze [53.318 ° N 10.707 ° E]; 1 ♂, 24. vi. 2023, Lower Saxony, Aller e Hönisch [52.919 ° N 9.221 ° E]; 1 ♂, 16. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, Aller 1 km nw Bockelskamp [52.587 ° N 10.140 ° E]; 1 ♂, 16. vii. 2021, Lower Saxony, Aller 1.5 km ssw Böhme [52.778 ° N 9.463 ° E]; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 16. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, Aschauteiche s B 191 2 km ne Eschede [52.748 ° N 10.266 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 30. iii. 2021, Lower Saxony, beach Radegast [53.343 ° N 10.735 ° E]; 3 ♂♂, 2. vi. 2024, Lower Saxony, Baltrum, pond 600 m nne Jugendbildungsstätte [53.730 ° N 7.404 ° E]; 1 ♀, 3. vii. 2005, Lower Saxony, Beverner Wald [53.438 ° N 9.216 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 7. vii. 2023, Lower Saxony, Bingumgaste, Elsterweg [53.215 ° N 7.389 ° E]; 1 ♀, 8. vi. 2003, Lower Saxony, Borkum, dunes [53.609 ° N 6.765 ° E]; 1 ♀, 15. vii. 2023, Lower Saxony, Borkum, meadows n airport [53.599 ° N 6.702 ° E]; 1 ♂, 11. iii. 2017, Lower Saxony, Ditzumerverlaat, ice skating rink [53.261 ° N 7.268 ° E]; 1 ♂, 13. v. 2018, dito; 1 ♀, 30. viii. 2020, Lower Saxony, Dollart, Bohrinsel [53.293 ° N 7.229 ° E]; 1 ♀, 8. iv. 2018, Lower Saxony, Dollart, border Netherlands [53.238 ° N 7.210 ° E]; 1 ♀, 28. viii. 2004, Lower Saxony, Ubbehausen / B 72 / Leda [530183 ° N 7.647 ° E]; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 25. iv. 2003, Lower Saxony, Dyksterhusen [53.294 ° N 7.242 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9. vi. 2005, dito; 1 ♀, 3. iv. 2021, dito; 2 ♂♂, 17. v. 2007, Lower Saxony, Eeste Heimbruch [53.438 ° N 9.673 ° E]; 1 ♀, 20. iv. 2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe n Katemin close Neu Darchau [53.236 ° N 10.876 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11. v. 2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Viehle [53.258 ° N 10.832 ° E]; 1 ♂, 7. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe 2 km n Alt Garge [53.285 ° N 10.791 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 6. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Damnatz [53.136 ° N 11.179 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 6. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Fähranlegen Pevestorf [53.076 ° N 11.451 ° E]; 1 ♀, 6. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Gorleben [53.052 ° N 11.354 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 16. vii. 2009, dito; 1 ♀, 26. v. 2017, dito; 1 ♂, 6. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Jasebeck [53.163 ° N 11.135 ° E]; 1 ♀, 16. vii. 2009, dito; 1 ♀, 6. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Kaltenhof [53.126 ° N 11.248 ° E]; 1 ♀, 16. vii. 2009, Lower Saxony, Elbe, Lasse [53.068 ° N 11.317 ° E]; 1 ♂, 15. vii. 2009, Lower Saxony, Elbe n Sassendorf [53.358 ° N 10.571 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 10. vi. 2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe nw Hitzacker zwischen Mündung Alte Jeetzel und Wasserwerk [53.165 ° N 11.025 ° E]; 3 ♂♂, 30. iii. 2021, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Alt Garge [53.264 ° N 10.809 ° E]; 1 ♂, 15. vii. 2009, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Barförde, Verwerder [53.364 ° N 10.664 ° E]; 1 ♂, 20. iv. 2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Garze [53.305 ° N 10.720 ° E]; 3 ♂♂, 8. vi. 2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Tiessau [53.183 ° N 10.995 ° E]; 1 ♀, 17. v. 2020, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Tiessau, Waldstandort [53.177 ° N 11.006 ° E]; 1 ♂, 17. v. 2020, Lower Saxony, Elbe e Wussegel [53.136 ° N 11.080 ° E]; 1 ♂, 7. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, Elbe Tiemesland [53.190 ° N 10.981 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9. vi. 2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe Walmsburg [53.246 ° N 10.844 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 30. iii. 2021, dito; 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 10. vi. 2018, Lower Saxony, Elbe between Hitzacker and Wussegel [53.143 ° N 11.069 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 17. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, Ems B 213, 2 km sw Lingen [52.497 ° N 7.288 ° E]; 1 ♀, 13. v. 2005, Lower Saxony, Ems Coldam [53.206 ° N 7.409 ° E]; 1 ♀, 6. vi. 2003, Lower Saxony, Ems, Hohegaste [53.260 ° N 7.403 ° E]; 1 ♂, 14. vi. 2005, dito; 1 ♂, 26. v. 2024, Lower Saxony, Ems n Emstunnel [53.240 ° N 7.402 ° E]; 1 ♂, 18. v. 2024, Lower Saxony, Ems, Pogum [53.320 ° N 7.254 ° E]; 1 ♂, 30. viii. 2020, Lower Saxony, Ems, Soltborg [53.230 ° N 7.402 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 5. iv. 2023, dito; 1 ♀, 16. iii. 2003, Lower Saxony, Ems w Nüttermoor [53.269 ° N 7.405 ° E]; 1 ♀, 3. iv. 2004, dito; 1 ♀, 6. v. 2006, dito; 2 ♂♂, 22. viii. 2017, dito; 1 ♂, 15. vii. 2009, Lower Saxony, Fähranleger Neu Darchau [53.233 ° N 10.891 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 24. iv. 2004, Lower Saxony, meadows nw Holssel [53.700 ° N 8.620 ° E]; 1 ♀, 23. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, fen s NSG " Beierstein " [51.687 ° N 10.244 ° E]; 1 ♀, 28. vii. 2018, Lower Saxony, Wieda sw Walkenried [51.579 ° N 10.616 ° E]; 1 ♂, 27. v. 2017, Lower Saxony, Gartower See [53.035 ° N 11.447 ° E]; 1 ♂, 31. iii. 2021, dito; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 29. iv. 2007, Lower Saxony, Grosses Giebelmoor [52.508 ° N 10.940 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11. v. 2024, Lower Saxony, Heerter See (Klärteich III) [52.108 ° N 10.385 ° E]; 1 ♂, 16. iv. 2004, Lower Saxony, Ihlower forest [53.404 ° N 7.452 ° E]; 1 ♂, 22. iv. 2018, dito; 1 ♀, 12. v. 2008, Lower Saxony, Jeetzel near Seerau [53.002 ° N 11.168 ° E]; 1 ♂, 20. viii. 2024, Lower Saxony, Kalihalde Riedel ne Hänigsen [52.493 ° N 10.106 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 21. viii. 2024, Lower Saxony, Kalihalde Sehnde [52.311 ° N 9.954 ° E]; 1 ♂, 23. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, swamp Beierfelde [51.698 ° N 10.248 ° E]; 1 ♀, 20. vi. 2008, Lower Saxony, sand pit 2 km n Häsefeld [52.998 ° N 9.172 ° E]; 1 ♂, 4. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, sand pit Hollbecker Berg 1 km wsw Heessel [53.671 ° N 9.104 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 29. vii. 2007, Lower Saxony, sand pit Tramm [53.060 ° N 11.068 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 9. vi. 2018, Lower Saxony, Laascher Insel [53.039 ° N 11.423 ° E]; 1 ♂, 4. iv. 2023, Lower Saxony, Leda n Esklum [53.212 ° N 7.446 ° E]; 1 ♂, 27. xi. 2022, Lower Saxony, Leer, Evenburgpark [53.230 ° N 7.494 ° E]; 1 ♂, 27. v. 2007, Lower Saxony, Leer, forest near sewage treatment plant [53.230 ° N 7.428 ° E]; 1 ♀, 27. vi. 2021, Lower Saxony, Leyhörn, 1.9 km nw Greetsiel [53.512 ° N 7.068 ° E]; 1 ♂, 30. iv. 2023, Lower Saxony, Lutter n Wassermühle Eldingen [52.690 ° N 10.335 ° E]; 1 ♀, 2. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, Marka sw Markhausen [52.923 ° N 7.827 ° E]; 1 ♂, 1. viii. 2018, Lower Saxony, „ Neuer Teich “ near Zorge [51.651 ° N 10.629 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 18. ix. 2024, dito; 1 ♂, 15. vii. 2009, Lower Saxony, Niedermarschachter Werder [53.421 ° N 10.359 ° E]; 1 ♂, 22. vi. 2024, Lower Saxony, Norderney, parc n Marienstrasse [53.706 ° N 7.152 ° E]; 1 ♀, 23. vi. 2024, Lower Saxony, Norderney, bog forest Südstrandpolder [53.708 ° N 7.186 ° E]; 1 ♀, 16. v. 2004, Lower Saxony, NSG " Borkener Paradies " [52.721 ° N 7.238 ° E]; 1 ♂, 17. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, NSG " Meppener Kuhweide " [52.666 ° N 7.257 ° E]; 1 ♀, 3. viii. 2018, Lower Saxony, Oker 1.6 km nnw Altenau [51.816 ° N 10.438 ° E]; 1 ♀, 21. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, Oker n Wiedelah [51.972 ° N 10.582 ° E]; 1 ♂, 23. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, rainwater retention basin Nettetal e Mechtshausen [51.920 ° N 10.128 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 27. viii. 2024, Lower Saxony, Reihersee s Gebhardshagen [52.096 ° N 10.347 ° E]; 1 ♂, 29. iii. 2003, Lower Saxony, Rorichumer Tief near Ayenwolde [53.358 ° N 7.444 ° E]; 1 ♀, 30. iii. 2003, Lower Saxony, Rysumer Nacken [53.362 ° N 7.001 ° E]; 1 ♀, 6. v. 2006, dito; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 30. iii. 2007, dito; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 27. viii. 2024, Lower Saxony, salty ditch Salzdahlum near Braunschweig [52.199 ° N 10.601 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 5. v. 2024, Lower Saxony, salt place 1 km sw Volzendorf [52.885 ° N 11.246 ° E]; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 20. viii. 2024, dito; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 18. vii. 2024, Lower Saxony, salt place Ahausen near Rotenburg [53.081 ° N 9.288 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 21. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, salt place Barnstorf [52.101 ° N 10.809 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9. v. 2024, dito; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 19. viii. 2024, Lower Saxony, salt place within Kuhbruch e Mengeborstel [52.925 ° N 9.794 ° E]; 4 ♂♂, 21. viii. 2024, Lower Saxony, Klein Oedesse [52.383 ° N 10.219 ° E]; 1 ♂, 28. vii. 2007, Lower Saxony, salt place Schreyahn [52.931 ° N 11.076 ° E]; 1 ♀, 28. v. 2017, Lower Saxony, sand pit 1 km wnw Stixe [53.211 ° N 10.998 ° E]; 1 ♂, 2. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, Thülsfelder Stausee [52.921 ° N 7.943 ° E]; 1 ♀, 1. v. 2004, Lower Saxony, Schwinge, Wiepenkathen [53.570 ° N 9.432 ° E]; 1 ♀, 4. v. 2008, Lower Saxony, pond s Soltborg [53.229 ° N 7.390 ° E]; 1 ♀, 9. vii. 2006, Lower Saxony, forest Einbeck n Teufelsberg 1 km wnw Ammensen [51.910 ° N 9.839 ° E]; 1 ♂, 5. v. 2018, Lower Saxony, beach Schillighörn [53.708 ° N 8.018 ° E]; 1 ♀, 4. vi. 2005, Lower Saxony, Stückauer Wald 3 km ene Neuhaus [53.302 ° N 10.993 ° E]; 1 ♀, 28. vii. 2007, Lower Saxony, swamp Planken [52.916 ° N 11.416 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11. v. 2024, Lower Saxony, Haverlahwiese [52.104 ° N 10.324 ° E]; 1 ♀, 6. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, Taube Elbe w Penkefitz [53.136 ° N 11.127 ° E]; 1 ♂, 8. viii. 2021, Lower Saxony, pond 1.2 km ne Meetschow [53.056 ° N 11.399 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 24. vi. 2023, Lower Saxony, pond 500 m se Barnstedt [52.865 ° N 9.297 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 8. viii. 2023, Lower Saxony, pond s Restorf [53.038 ° N 11.444 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9. v. 2024, Lower Saxony, pond 2 km wnw Grasleben [52.314 ° N 10.989 ° E]; 1 ♀, 24. vi. 2023, Lower Saxony, ponds 700 m nnw Barnstedt [52.875 ° N 9.289 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 17. v. 2009, Lower Saxony, ponds Hansadamm w Hademstorf [52.714 ° N 9.621 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 18. v. 2007, Lower Saxony, Thörenwald [53.329 ° N 9.553 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 16. viii. 2009, Lower Saxony, Thülsfelder Stausee, [52.910 ° N 7.948 ° E]; 1 ♂, 1. v. 2008, Lower Saxony, Timmeler Meer [53.355 ° N 7.510 ° E]; 1 ♂, 6. vi. 2022, Lower Saxony, dry grasland 600 m w Roringen [51.559 ° N 9.996 ° E]; 1 ♀, 19. v. 2007, Lower Saxony, meadows Oste 1 km s Laumühlen [53.614 ° N 9.185 ° E]; 1 ♂, 25. iv. 2009, Lower Saxony, Wangerooge [53.789 ° N 7.901 ° E]; 1 ♂, 3. ix. 2021, Lower Saxony, ditch 1.8 km w Ihrhove [53.166 ° N 7.428 ° E]; 1 ♀, 30. iii. 2003, Lower Saxony, Wybelsumer Polder [53.341 ° N 7.104 ° E]; 1 ♂, 19. vi. 2022, Saarland, Prims ne Schattertriesch [49.471 ° N 6.860 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 19. vi. 2022, Saarland, ponds n Bilsdorf [49.386 ° N 6.817 ° E]; 1 ♂, 19. vi. 2022, Saarland, Theel w Knorscheid [49.400 ° N 6.868 ° E]; 1 ♀, 24. vii. 2010, Saxony-Anhalt, Elbe 1 km e Werder near Beuster [52.945 ° N 11.822 ° E]; 1 ♀, 6. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, meadows ne Frose close Aschersleben [51.801 ° N 11.388 ° E]; 9 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 3. vi. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salzal between Langenbogen und Köllme [51.492 ° N 11.784 ° E]; 7 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 8. viii. 2011, dito; 1 ♀, 28. vi. 2010, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See n Aselebener Pumpensee [51.479 ° N 11.681 ° E]; 13 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 2. vi. 2011, dito; 6 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 7. viii. 2011, dito; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 7. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See n Unterröblingen [51.471 ° N 11.668 ° E]; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 7. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See, Igelsumpf [51.470 ° N 11.6787 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 2. vi. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See, Teufe [51.470 ° N 11.673 ° E]; 9 ♂♂, 7. viii. 2011, dito; 1 ♀, 6. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, salt place “ Alte Ziegelei “ se Loitsche [52.297 ° N 11.711 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3. vi. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, salt place e Teutschenthal Bahnhof [51.465 ° N 11.779 ° E]; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 6. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, salt place Sülldorf [52.027 ° N 11.567 ° E]; 1 ♀, 8. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, salt place Teutschenthal zw. Kalihalde und B 80 [51.472 ° N 11.765 ° E]; 1 ♂, 7. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Süsser See, beach Aseleben [51.490 ° N 11.672 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 7. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Süsser See, salt meadows near Aseleben [51.491 ° N 11.671 ° E]; FINLAND: 1 ♀, 29. vii. 2020, Kymenlaakso, harbour Hamina [60.563 ° N 27.194 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 19. vii. 2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, 2.6 km w Varjakka [64.909 ° N 25.048 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 20. vii. 2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, harbour 2.4 km nne Martinhovi [65.233 ° N 25.310 ° E]; FRANCE: 1 ♀, 1. viii. 2019, salt swamp 4 km nwn Gruissan [43.129 ° N 3.047 ° E]; 3 ♂♂, 22. iii. 1999, Gard, Aiguess-Mortes, Tour Carbonnière [43.592 ° N 4.207 ° E], fauchage sur de la végétation aquatique, leg. M. Martinez; 1 ♀, 3. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, beach s Lacanau Océan [44.974 ° N 1.202 ° W]; 1 ♀, 9. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Canal des Étangs w Lauros [44.836 ° N 1.153 ° W]; 1 ♂, 10. vii. 2024, dito; 1 ♀, 1. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, harbour Arès [44.764 ° N 1.150 ° W]; 1 ♀, 5. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Lac d’ Hourtin, w shore area [45.164 ° N 1.070 ° W]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 30. vi. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Lac de Carcans, ssw shore area [45.066 ° N 1.108 ° W]; 1 ♂, 11. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Lacanau, Canal de la Berle [44.973 ° N 1.078 ° W]; 1 ♂, 8. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Lacanau, n harbour [44.980 ° N 1.097 ° W]; 1 ♂, 28. vi. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, lake north of Étang de Batourtot [44.922 ° N 1.126 ° W]; 2 ♂♂, 3. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Piqueyrot, Lac d’ Hourtin [45.206 ° N 1.127 ° W]; GEORGIA: 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 12. vii. 2019, Kochki river s Epremovka [41.189 ° N 43.748 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 11. vii. 2019, lake Kartsakhi wsw Kartsakhi [41.236 ° N 43.249 ° E]; GREECE: 1 ♀, 26. x. 2011, Lesbos, Voulgaris e Gavathas [39.281 ° N 26.014 ° E]; 1 ♀, 26. iv. 2011, Rodopi, pond e Lagos [41.003 ° N 25.175 ° E]; 1 ♀, 26. iv. 2011, Rodopi, Vosvozis sw Mosaiko [41.076 ° N 25.174 ° E]; 1 ♂, 27. iv. 2011, Serres, harbour Mandhraki [41.257 ° N 23.140 ° E]; 1 ♂, 23. iv. 2011, Thessaloniki, northern shore Koronia [40.697 ° N 23.204 ° E]; 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 26. iv. 2011, Xanthi, Lagune n Lagos [41.011 ° N 25.092 ° E]; 4 ♂♂, 25. iv. 2011, Xanthi, riparian forest Nestos w Zilotis [40.91 ° N 24.788 ° E]; ITALY: 1 ♀, 9. iv. 2022, Sicily, beach 1.6 km wsw Granelli [36.704 ° N 15.000 ° E]; 1 ♀, 10. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Ipari 5.0 km sw Vittoria [36.911 ° N 14.503 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 14. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Irminiio at Lago Santa Rosalia [36.996 ° N 14.778 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 10. iv. 2022, Sicily, meadow 4 km ese Scoglitti [36.880 ° N 14.473 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 12. iv. 2022, Sicily, Reserve Il Biviere [37.025 ° N 14.346 ° E]; 3 ♂♂, 14. iv. 2022, Sicily, Torrente Bafarano at Lago Santa Rosalia [36.988 ° N 14.778 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 14. iv. 2022, Sicily, Torrente Gria at Lago Santa Rosalia [36.982 ° N 14.787 ° E]; KYRGYZSTAN: 1 ♂, 21. v. 2019, river bed ca. 2.5 km s Ak-Suu [39.874 ° N 69.372 ° E]; MOROCCO: 1 ♂, 24. iii. 2016, meadows at Qued Lahlou, Asilah [35.474 ° N 6.026 ° W], 0; PORTUGAL: 1 ♂, 14. ix. 2011, Aveiro, Estarreja, Canelas [40.717 ° N 8.567 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1 ♀, 21. x. 2011, dito; 1 ♀, 2. viii. 2022, Beja, Mértola, Mértola [37.617 ° N 7.650 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1 ♂, 6. x. 2015, Bragança, Vimioso, Algoso [41.450 ° N 6.583 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1 ♀, 15. v. 2018, dito; 16 ♂♂ 22 ♀♀, 5. vi. 2013, Coimbra, Coimbra, Arzila [40.179 ° N 8.555 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1 ♀, 24. vii. 2013, dito; 2 ♀♀, 8. v. 2013, Coimbra, Coimbra, Sé Nova [40.200 ° N 8.417 ° W], leg. A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA; 1 ♂, 27. iii. 2018, Faro, beach 6.7 km e Tavira [37.149 ° N 7.571 ° W]; 1 ♂, 19. iii. 2018, Faro, coastal lake 2.2 km ese Armação de Pêra [37.099 ° N 8.335 ° W]; 1 ♂, 28. iii. 2018, Faro, creek 4 km nw Monte Gordo [37.200 ° N 7.489 ° W]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 26. iii. 2018, Faro, marsh 3.9 km s Azinhal [37.249 ° N 7.464 ° W]; 2 ♂♂, 18. iii. 2018, Faro, marsh s Lagoa [37.128 ° N 8.454 ° W]; 1 ♂, 26. iii. 2018, Faro, salt marsh 2.0 km ene Monte Francisco [37.240 ° N 7.428 ° W]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 21. ix. 2012, Leiria, Caldas da Rainha, Tornada [39.448 ° N 9.135 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 5. viii. 2013, Santarém, Golegã, Golegã [39.394 ° N 8.534 ° W], leg. A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA; 1 ♂, 11. vii. 2020, Santarém, Tomar, Além da Ribeira [39.650 ° N 8.417 ° W], leg. R. Andrade & A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA; 1 ♂, 24. iii. 2018, Setúbal, creek bank 9.2 km se Alcácer do Sal [38.311 ° N 8.432 ° W]; 5 ♂♂, 24. iii. 2018, Setúbal, rice fields 1.5 km ese São Romão do Sado [38.251 ° N 8.359 ° W]; 10 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 24. iii. 2018, Setúbal, rice fields 12.8 km se Alcácer do Sal [38.288 ° N 8.405 ° W]; 1 ♂, 24. iii. 2018, Setúbal, rice fields 2.7 km ene Xarraminha [38.248 ° N 8.299 ° W]; 4 ♂♂, 24. iii. 2018, Setúbal, rice fields s Barrosinha [38.358 ° N 8.483 ° W]; 1 ♂, 22. iii. 2018, Setúbal, rice fields w Comporta [38.382 ° N 8.794 ° W]; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 24. iii. 2018, Setúbal, river marsh 2.4 km ese Alcácer do Sal [38.367 ° N 8.538 ° W]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 22. iii. 2018, Setúbal, salt marsh 9.5 km ssw Melides [38.073 ° N 8.789 ° W]; RUSSIA: 1 ♀, 9 – 13. vii. 2021, Republic of Mordovia, 2 km north-west of Ivanovka village [54.673 ° N 42.828 ° E], 2 km north-west of Ivanovka village, yellow pan traps, leg. M. N. Esin; 1 ♂, 17 – 22. vii. 2023, Republic of Mordovia, 3 km north-west of Bogdanovka village [54.318 ° N 44.327 ° E], 3 km north-west of Bogdanovka village, yellow pan traps, leg. M. N. Esin; 1 ♂, 1 – 06. ix. 2023, Republic of Mordovia, Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Pushta settlement, pond [54.706 ° N 43.223 ° E], Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Pushta settlement, pond, yellow pan traps, leg. Tomkovich K; 1 ♀, 16 – 20. vii. 2021, Republic of Mordovia, Telimerki village [54.736 ° N 42.788 ° E], Telimerki village, yellow pan traps, leg. M. N. Esin Diagnosis: A difficult species, although typical specimens are quite striking. It is recognised by the lack of distinct markings on the wings which are almost entirely hyaline. Similarly, almost hyaline wings can be found in Parydra s. str., P. minor and immature specimens of P. pubera. Parydra s. str. and P. pubera can be ruled out based on the characters of the subgenus and as described in the key. Immature specimens can usually be recognised as such due to their pale appearance and underdeveloped sclerotization. Identification of such specimens may not be possible without examination of the male terminalia. Parydra minor can be distinguished using the characters presented in the key though intermediate specimens can occur. The preparation of the male terminalia or the sternites is necessary in these cases. The sternites of P. fossarum are hardly sclerotised with only a few strongly sclerotised patches. In P. minor the larger sternites are entirely and strongly sclerotised. Males of P. fossarum are recognised by their terminalia with the phallus having a long and distinct ventral keel in dorsal view (Fig. 52), lacking an apical notch, and with the tip of phallus cut straight off in lateral view (Fig. 54). The postgonite has a sharp lateral projection in dorsal view (Fig. 55). Taxonomy: The interpretation of this species is discussed in Stuke (2023). Distribution in Europe: Parydra fossarum has been confused with P. minor in previous works and the interpretation of literature records is difficult. For this reason, verified records listed above are shown in Fig. 103. However, it is widely distributed in Europe and one of the most common European Parydra (Fig. 110). There are no obvious distributional borders recorded in Europe. In Scandinavia it occurs at least north to 66 ° N. Outside of Europe it is recorded from Morocco and Kyrgyzstan. Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1990) show it to have a Holarctic distribution. A record from the Democratic Republic of Congo by Séguy (1934) should be checked carefully. Biology: Parydra fossarum can be found in many different types of wetlands. Recorded habitats include lake and river shores, saline wetlands, wet meadows, springs and small streams. Typical habitats are densely vegetated, but it can also be found in sparsely vegetated habitats. Adults of this polyvoltine species have been recorded from March to October. Stigmatomyces trianguliapicalis has been reported to grow on P. fossarum (Majewski 1972, Rossi & Cesari Rossi 1979, Rossi & Christiane 2020).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808358FFC0FF6FFA38C3BEF8BE.taxon	description	(Figs. 8, 23, 56 – 61) Holotype: 1 ♂ with these labels: (1) “ Fi, Lapland, Vikajarvi / 1.2 km ene Vikajärvi / (66.625 ° N 26.219 ° E) / 21.7.2020 “; (2) „ Holotypus / Parydra hautalai / spec. nov. ♂ / Stuke det. 2024 “. The specimen is pinned using a minuten and is in excellent condition. The holotype will be preserved in the collection of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki (MZH). Paratypes: 1 ♂, 11. vi. 1951, Ob Rovaniemi, Pisa [66.5 ° N 25.7 ° E], det. as P. mitis by Kahanpää, leg. H. Lindberg, coll. MZH; 1 ♂, 15. viii. 2022, small lake 15 km n Kuusamo [66.107 ° N 29.176 ° E]; 1 ♀, 30. vii. 2020, Kymenlaakso, Kotka, Kymijoki [60.501 ° N 26.878 ° E]; 1 ♂, 22. vii. 2020, Lapland, Alajoki 9.7 km sse Tormänen [68.522 ° N 27.527 ° E]; 1 ♂, 22. vii. 2020, Lapland, Juutuanvuono 2.8 km e Inari [68.899 ° N 27.095 ° E]; 1 ♀, 21. vii. 2020, Lapland, Kakslauttanen [68.335 ° N 27.332 ° E]; 1 ♀, 20. vii. 2020, Lapland, Keijoki 13 km ne Tervola [66.148 ° N 25.022 ° E]; 1 ♂, 21. vii. 2020, Lapland, Kortteenniska e Torvinen [67.198 ° N 26.663 ° E]; 3 ♂♂, 20. vii. 2020, Lapland, Ounasjoki n Rovaniemi [66.515 ° N 25.710 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 21. vii. 2020, Lapland, Vikajarvi 1.2 km ene Vikajärvi [66.625 ° N 26.219 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, 21. vii. 2020, Lapland, Vuojoki 2.5 km nne Vuojärvi [67.105 ° N 26.638 ° E]; 1 ♂, 19. vii. 2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, 2.9 km nne Säikkälänperä [64.888 ° N 25.170 ° E]; 1 ♂, 27. vii. 2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, Irninjoki 2 km nne Seppälä [65.515 ° N 28.863 ° E]; 1 ♂, 25. vii. 2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, Kuusamo, Perälampi [65.972 ° N 29.181 ° E]; 1 ♀, 19. vii. 2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, Lonkkapudas 1.7 km ne Pikkarala [64.922 ° N 25.793 ° E]; 1 ♂, 27. vii. 2020, Northern Ostrobothnia, Mäntylampi 2.8 km n Jämsä [65.896 ° N 29.786 ° E]. All paratypes are preserved in the collection PJHS if not mentioned otherwise. Description Holotype (♂): Length about 3.1 mm. Wing length = 2.2 mm. Head height = 0.4 mm. Head black. Gena-eye-ratio (in lateral view genal height measured at the maximum eye height: eye height) = 0.15. Antenna black. Ocelli black-brown, forming an almost equilateral triangle. Frontal triangle and frontorbital plate subshining, frontal vita densely dusted. Frontal triangle broad, reaching to ptilinal suture. Face straight in lateral view, subshining with silver to golden microtrichia. Ocellar seta and two lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae about as large as inner and outer vertical setae; 1 prominent facial seta with 2 smaller setae below; 5 inconspicuous genal setae. Scutellum without any process. Scutum and scutellum subshining, without any pattern of dusting. Pleurae grey to brown dusted. Two rows of small acrostichal setae. Only prescutellar dorsocentral seta distinct, in front of this 6 setulae that become smaller anteriorly and that may represent additional dorsocentral setae. No prescutellar seta; 2 notopleural setae, anterior one smaller; 1 postalar seta; 1 large apical and 1 smaller sublateral scutellar setae; 1 small seta at posterior margin of anepisternum. Wing brown infuscate with conspicuous white spots anterior and posterior to crossveins dm-cu and crossvein r-m and slightly darker brown around veins and crossveins. Veins dark brown. Knob of haltere black to dark brown and stem of haltere brown. Legs with tarsi black. Legs grey dusted except for the posterior surface of hind leg which is mainly shining. Coxae with black to brown setulae only. Middle coxa with an outstanding black seta, middle tibia without any obvious setae or setulae. Hind femur with a row of inconspicuous brown setulae posteroventrally. Hind tibia in the apical half with long ventral setae. Hind margin of tergite 4 and entirety of tergite 5 with long setulae that are distinctly longer than maximum diameter of hind tibia. Tergite III – IV-ratio (length tergite 3 medially: length tergite 4 medially) = 0.8. Tergite IV – Vratio (length tergite 4 medially: length tergite 5 medially) = 0.5. Sternites 3 – 4 as Fig. 61, sternite 5 not recognised due to lacking sclerotization or being fused with the hypandrium. Sternites 3 – 4 equally sclerotised. Sternites with scattered, inconspicuous setulae only. Epandrium as Fig. 60: without obvious characters. Subepandrial plate not developed. Hypandrium as shown in Fig. 57. Postgonite as shown in Fig. 56: base almost triangular with a distinct long, narrow tip. Phallus as shown in Figs. 56 and 58: narrow and with distinct apical notch in dorsal view; with characteristic upcurved tip in lateral view. Phallus apodeme as shown in Figs. 56 and 58: fused with phallus, short, broad at its junction with phallus. Lateral arms of phallus apodeme triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 56). Variation: Freshly emerged specimens have almost hyaline wings. Females: Agreeing with the description of the holotype with the exception of the genus specific characters of the postabdomen. Tergite 6 can usually be seen in dried specimens and is about half as long as tergite 5. Diagnosis: The main characters of P. hautalai are (i) the uniformly dusted scutum without medial or submedial dusting stripes or dusting spots at transverse suture, (ii) its small size with wing length 2.0 – 2.4 mm, (iii) black legs, (iv) subshining face clearly contrasting with the strong dusting on the frontal vita and (v) typically strongly brown infuscated wing without separated spots apically at media m and radius r 2 + 3. In male specimens (vi) tergite 5 is clearly longer than tergite 4 and both have obvious long setulae. The male terminalia are unique with (vii) the phallus narrow in dorsal view and obviously upcurved in lateral view and (viii) the postgonite with a triangular base and an elongated narrow tip. Derivatio nominis: The species is dedicated to the Finish photographer Hannu Hautala (1941 – 2023) who lived in Kuusamo. His magnificent Book “ Kuukkelin maa ” came to my attention when I was sixteen and motivated me to visit Finland to experience the great nature around Kuusamo. Distribution: So far P. hautalai is only recorded from Finland (Fig. 111) where it is widely distributed. Due to the confusion with other Parydra species it may turn out to be more widely distributed and occur outside of Finland. Biology: Specimens were swept from fens, shores of lakes and sparsely to densely vegetated riverbanks. Existing records are from June to August. However, this only reflects the collecting activity of the author.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808365FFC3FF6FFF34C6A9FA72.taxon	description	(Figs. 9, 24, 62 – 65)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808365FFC3FF6FFF34C6A9FA72.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: 1 ♂ lectotype of P. obliqua in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ Kroatien / 4011 ”; (2) “ Parydra / obliqua [& illegible signs] ”; (3) “ Lectotypus ”; (4) “ Zool. Mus. / Berlin ”. ♂ lectotype of P. albifacies in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ 22 22 ”; (2) “ Wustung / bei Habelschwerdt / I. Duda ”; (3) “ albifacies / [illegible sign] ♀ d. D. “; (4) „ Lectotypus “. Additional material examined: 286 specimens from Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Portugal and European Russia with new country records from Cyprus and Georgia: Material: CYPRUS: 1 ♀, 2. vii. 2016, river n Flasou [35,068 ° N 32,885 ° E]; GEORGIA: 1 ♀, 26. vii. 2024, Varjanauli [41.785 ° N 41.955 ° E]. Diagnosis: This is a difficult species which can be confused with several other Parydra. Only a combination of characters will reliably distinguish this species. Parydra hecate has black tibiae, strongly marked wings with media m and radius r 2 + 3 each with a distinct elongated apical brown spot, typically the haltere knob is light, the scutum has white to grey dusted spots at the transverse suture and a medial stripe of light dusting in additional to submedial stripes (Fig. 24), 1 strong prescutellar seta and additional 2 – 3 smaller dorsocentral setae. These characters can be difficult to see in aberrant, old or recently emerged specimens. Males are additionally distinguished from similar species by tergite 5 being slightly shorter than tergite 4, the phallus having convex lateral margins in dorsal view (Fig. 62) and the lateral margin of postgonite being concave but lacking a notch in dorsal view (Fig. 62). The separation of P. quinquemaculata from P. hecate is currently based on the limited material examined and reference should be made to the characters given in the key. Taxonomy: The identification of the lectotype and all other original type material (6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀) of P. albifacies shows that the specimens belong to P. hecate as described above and do not show the characters of P. quinquemaculata as postulated by Papp (1979). Therefore P. albifacies should be treated as a junior synonym of P. hecate (syn. nov.).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808365FFC3FF6FFF34C6A9FA72.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed in Europe and probably becoming more abundant in the south. Surprisingly there are no records from Scandinavia, Denmark or Iceland and records from northern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) north to 55 ° N might mark the northern distribution border. The only record from outside Europe is from Algeria (Rossi 1988). Some apparent distributional gaps may be the result of problems with the identification of this species. Biology: Parydra hecate occurs in a wide range of habitats with available water. It has been recorded from both montane and lowland areas. Habitats include the margins of standing water or rivers, both forested and open areas and both densely and sparsely vegetated places. Despite its occurrence in a wide range of habitats this species occurs more locally in Central Europe than other similarly generalist Parydra species. Adults have been collected from February to October and are polyvoltine. Parydra hecate probably flies year-round in South Europe if climatic conditions are favourable. Stigmatomyces trianguliapicalis has been reported to grow on P. hecate (Rossi 1988, Santamaría & Rossi 1993).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808364FFC6FF6FF988C47EFD12.taxon	description	(Figs. 10, 66 – 70) Holotype: 1 ♂ with these labels: (1) “ Fennia [crosswritten] / Helsingin ymp. / 28. iv. 1946 / L. Tiensuu “; (2) “ barcode & http: // id. luomus. fi / GV. 19145 / Parydra / nigritarsis ♂ / Strobl, 1893 / J. Kahanpää det. ”; (3) „ Holotypus / Parydra kahanpaai / spec. nov. ♂ / Stuke det. 2025 “. The specimen is pinned using a minuten and is in excellent condition. The abdomen is dissected, macerated and stored in a glycerine microvial pinned underneath the specimen. The holotype will be preserved in the collection of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki (MZH). Paratypes: FINLAND: 1 ♂, 31. vii. 2022, Bodominjärvi, Oitviken [60.240 ° N 24.662 ° E], coll. PJHS; 2 ♂♂, 28. iv. 1946, Helsingin ymp. [60.2 ° N 24.91 ° E], leg. L. Tiensuu, coll. MZH & PJHS; 1 ♂, 12. v. 1945, Herttonieme [60.192 ° N 25.038 ° E], leg. L. Tiensuu, coll. MZH; 1 ♂, 15. viii. 2022, Rukajärvi 6 km se Ruka [66.133 ° N 29.229 ° E], coll. PJHS; 1 ♂, 6. viii. – 2. ix. 2021, Talaskangas, Kajaani, Sopenjoki [48.717 ° N 8.400 ° E], yellow tray, leg. I. Immonen, coll. PKW. Additional material examined: FINLAND: 1 ♀, 15. viii. 2022, Rukajärvi 6 km se Ruka [66.133 ° N 29.229 ° E], coll. PJHS; 1 ♀, 16. v. 1945, Herttonieme [60.192 ° N 25.038 ° E], leg. L. Tiensuu, coll. MZH; 1 ♀, Kuusamo [65,96 ° N 29,16 ° E], no date, leg. Frey, coll. MZH. Description Holotype (♂): Length about 4.1 mm. Wing length = 2.9 mm. Head height = 0.7 mm. Head black. Gena-eye-ratio (in lateral view genal height measured at the maximum eye height: eye height) = 0.3. Antenna black. Ocelli black-brown, forming an almost equilateral triangle. Frontal triangle and frontorbital plate subshining, frontal vita densely dusted. Frontal triangle broad, reaching to ptilinal suture. Face straight in lateral view, dusted with brown to golden microtrichia. Ocellar seta and two lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae about as large as inner and outer vertical setae; 1 prominent facial seta with 4 minute setae below; 3 inconspicuous genal setae. Scutellum without any process. Scutum and scutellum subshining. Scutum with indistinct submedial light dusting stripes only. Pleurae grey to brown dusted. Two rows of acrostichal setae. Only prescutellar dorsocentral seta distinct. No prescutellar seta; 2 notopleural setae, anterior one smaller; 1 postalar seta; 1 large apical and 1 smaller sublateral scutellar setae; 1 seta at posterior margin of anepisternum. Wing brown infuscate with conspicuous white spots anterior and posterior to crossveins dm-cu and crossvein r-m but not darker brown around veins and crossveins. Veins brown. Knob of haltere and stem light brown. Legs with tarsi black. Legs grey dusted except for the posterior surface of hind femur and the posterior surface of apical hind tibia which are mainly shining. Coxae with black to brown setulae only. Middle coxa with an outstanding black seta, middle tibia without any obvious setae or setulae. Hind femur with a row of inconspicuous brown setulae posteroventrally. Hind tibia in the apical half with long ventral setae. Tergites 4 and 5 without long setulae. Tergite III – IV-ratio (length tergite 3 medially: length tergite 4 medially) = 0.9. Tergite IV – V-ratio (length tergite 4 medially: length tergite 5 medially) = 1.1. Sternites 3 – 4 as Fig. 70, sternite 5 not recognised due to lacking sclerotization or being fused with the hypandrium. Sternites 3 – 4 equally sclerotised. Sternites with scattered, inconspicuous setulae only. Epandrium without obvious characters. Subepandrial plate not developed. Hypandrium as shown in Fig. 67. Postgonite as shown in Fig. 66 and 69: base with a distinct broad, rounded tip. Phallus as shown in Figs. 66 and 68: narrow and with distinct apical notch in dorsal view; not curved tip in lateral view. Phallus apodeme as shown in Figs. 66 and 68: fused with phallus, short, broad at its junction with phallus. Lateral arms of phallus apodeme inconspicuous in dorsal view (Fig. 66). Females: Agreeing with the description of the holotype with the exception of the genus specific characters of the postabdomen. Tergite 6 can usually be seen in dried specimens and is about 1 / 3 as long as tergite 5. Diagnosis: The main characters of P. kahanpaai are (i) strongly dusted face, (ii) broad gena, (iii) knob of the haltere light and (iv) wing brown infuscated without obvious wing markings nor additional vein stump. Together with P. arctica and P. nigritarsis it belongs to a group of similar species which share these characters. Contrary to P. nigritarsis it has (v) no medial dusting stripe on scutum and (vi) the crossveins are slightly darker infuscated than the remaining wing membrane. Additionally P. kahanpaai is separated from P. arctica by the subshining frontal triangle. The male terminalia of P. kahanpaai are characterized by the broad and rounded postgonite and a phallus that is not obviously curved. Derivatio nominis: This species is dedicated to the Finnish entomologist Jere Kahanpää (Helsinki), who has significantly advanced Finnish Diptera research. The author is indebted to him for his patient support of his work with Finnish shore flies. Biology: The only specimens collected by the author were swept along a lakeshore. Parydra kahanpaai is polyvoltine and has been recorded from April to August.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808361FFC9FF6FFD75C3E3FE62.taxon	description	(Figs. 12, 75 – 78)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808361FFC9FF6FFD75C3E3FE62.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Material: CROATIA: 1 ♀, 14. vii. 2018, Čikola 2 km w Otavice [43.841 ° N 16.239 ° E]; 1 ♀, 27. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube 1 km se Tikveš [45.668 ° N 18.853 ° E]; 1 ♀, 4. vii. 2018, Krka n Lozovac [43.802 ° N 15.966 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, 19. vii. 2018, Šarena Jezero near Knin [44.027 ° N 16.223 ° E]; 1 ♂, 19. vii. 2018, small river 1 km e Ramljane [43.975 ° N 16.212 ° E]; CYPRUS: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 27. vi. 2016, creek 1.5 km ne Arminou [34.866 ° N 32.733 ° E]; 1 ♂, 2. vii. 2016, floodplain Kalopanayiotis [35.000 ° N 32.827 ° E]; 5 ♂♂, 28. iii. 2015, outflow reservoir 2.5 km w Meneou [34.867 ° N 33.558 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 31. iii. 2015, southern shore Paralimni lake [35.027 ° N 33.963 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 31. iii. 2015, western shore Paralimni lake [35.039 ° N 33.960 ° E]; GERMANY: 2 ♂♂, 22. iv. 2007, Lower Saxony, meadows Coldam [53.209 ° N 7.401 ° E]; 1 ♂, 5. vii. 2008, Lower Saxony, beach n Hooksieler Binnentief [53.644 ° N 8.070 ° E]; 1 ♂, 14. vii. 2022, Lower Saxony, Bingumgaste, Elsterweg [53.215 ° N 7.389 ° E]; 1 ♀, 20. viii. 2022, dito; 1 ♂, 5. ix. 2022, dito; 1 ♂, 11. iii. 2017, Lower Saxony, Ditzumerverlaat, ice skating rink [53.261 ° N 7.268 ° E]; 1 ♂, 9. v. 2021, Lower Saxony, Dyksterhusen [53.294 ° N 7.242 ° E]; 1 ♂, 3. vi. 2022, dito; 1 ♂, 13. v. 2005, Lower Saxony, Ems, Coldam [53.206 ° N 7.409 ° E]; 3 ♀♀, 4. v. 2008, Lower Saxony, Ems, Coldeborger Siel [53.296 ° N 7.355 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 12. iv. 2005, Lower Saxony, Ems, Hohegaste [53.260 ° N 7.403 ° E]; 6 ♂♂, 26. iv. 2005, dito; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 19. v. 2005, dito; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 14. vi. 2005, dito; 1 ♂, 31. iii. 2007, dito; 1 ♂, 15. vii. 2024, Lower Saxony, Ems, Pogum [53.320 ° N 7.254 ° E]; 4 ♂♂, 12. vi. 2018, Lower Saxony, Ems s Sautelersiel [53.283 ° N 7.403 ° E]; 1 ♀, 18. viii. 2005, Lower Saxony, Ems w Nüttermoor [53.269 ° N 7.405 ° E]; 5 ♀♀, 6. v. 2006, dito; 2 ♂♂, 22. viii. 2017, dito; 1 ♂, 14. ix. 2018, dito; 1 ♂, 21. vi. 2008, Lower Saxony, Grosser Sonnenberg near St. Andreasberg [51.755 ° N 10.513 ° E]; 1 ♀, 20. v. 2024, Lower Saxony, Jadebusen, salt marsh w Stollhamm [53.512 ° N 8.320 ° E]; 1 ♂, 4. iv. 2023, Lower Saxony, Leda n Esklum [53.212 ° N 7.446 ° E]; 1 ♀, 23. vii. 2021, Lower Saxony, Leyhörn, 1.9 km nw Greetsiel [53.512 ° N 7.068 ° E]; 1 ♂, 20. viii. 2016, Lower Saxony, NSG " Tunxdorfer Schleife " [53.108 ° N 7.323 ° E]; 1 ♀, 24. viii. 2008, Lower Saxony, ponds Heinitzpolder [53.282 ° N 7.250 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 24. v. 2008, Lower Saxony, Rysumer Nacken [53.362 ° N 7.001 ° E]; 1 ♂, 9. iv. 2009, dito; 1 ♀, 4. vi. 2023, Lower Saxony, salt marsh Leuchtfeuer Campen [53.406 ° N 7.013 ° E]; 1 ♂, 1. ix. 2023, Lower Saxony, salt marsh n Hilgenriedersiel [53.672 ° N 7.284 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 28. v. 2007, Lower Saxony, salt marsh n Pilsumer lighthouse [53.504 ° N 7.049 ° E]; 1 ♀, 2. vii. 2022, dito; 1 ♀, 20. vi. 2008, Lower Saxony, Weser s Friedhof Uphusen [53.010 ° N 8.988 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 5. v. 2018, Lower Saxony, Wilhelmshaven, marshes e airport [53.501 ° N 8.060 ° E]; 1 ♂, 19. vi. 2022, Saarland, ponds n Bilsdorf [49.386 ° N 6.817 ° E]; FRANCE: 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 30. vii. 2019, La Cesse, Cabezac [43.298 ° N 2.871 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3. viii. 2019, river nw Lagrasse [43.096 ° N 2.605 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 1. viii. 2019, salt swamp 4 km nwn Gruissan [43.129 ° N 3.047 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 5. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Andernos-les-Bains, harbour [44.745 ° N 1.115 ° W]; 1 ♂, 1. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bassin d’ Arcachon n Claouey [44.773 ° N 1.164 ° W]; 2 ♂♂, 10. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Canal des Étangs w Lauros [44.836 ° N 1.153 ° W]; 1 ♀, 27. vi. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Étang de Lacanau, n shore area [45.000 ° N 1.115 ° W]; 1 ♀, 28. vi. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Étang de Lacanau, sw shore area [44.952 ° N 1.127 ° W]; 1 ♂, 30. vi. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Lac de Carcans, ssw shore area [45.066 ° N 1.108 ° W]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Piqueyrot, Lac d’ Hourtin [45.206 ° N 1.127 ° W]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 1. vii. 2024, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, wetland s Lège-Cap-Ferret [44.778 ° N 1.168 ° W]; GEORGIA: 5 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, 30. vi. 2019, 1.4 km wsw Ilmazlo [41.424 ° N 45.008 ° E]; 7 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, 1. vii. 2019, 2.8 km nnw Jikurebi lake [41.598 ° N 45.326 ° E]; 5 ♂♂, 10. vii. 2019, Algeti river 0.8 km wnw Tskhrakudaani [41.675 ° N 44.379 ° E]; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 13. vii. 2019, Algeti river 3.4 km nw Abrameti [41.634 ° N 44.469 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, 13. vii. 2019, Algeti river n Partskhisi [41.579 ° N 44.567 ° E]; 5 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 7. vii. 2019, Aragvi river ne Zhinvali [42.112 ° N 44.778 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 2. vii. 2019, Blashoviskhevi river sw Norio [41.780 ° N 44.970 ° E]; 1 ♂, 12. vii. 2019, Bughdasheni lake [41.198 ° N 43.689 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 13. vii. 2019, Chili-Chili river in Beshtasheni [41.641 ° N 44.109 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 13. vii. 2019, Chrami river n Tikilisa [41.597 ° N 43.960 ° E]; 8 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 30. vi. 2019, Debeda river n Kirach-Mughanlo [41.340 ° N 45.051 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 30. vi. 2019, Debeda river w Didi Mughanlo [41.389 ° N 44.943 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀, 1. vii. 2019, Iori river 8.5 km se Sagaredscho [41.668 ° N 45.388 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 1. vii. 2019, Iori river n Qaracop [41.613 ° N 45.539 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 1. vii. 2019, Iori river ne Sartichala [41.723 ° N 45.181 ° E]; 1 ♂, 2. vii. 2019, Jandara reservoir 1.6 km se Jandari [41.435 ° N 45.187 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 2. vii. 2019, Jandara reservoir 2.8 km se Mzianeti [41.451 ° N 45.212 ° E]; 1 ♀, 2. vii. 2019, Jandara reservoir 4.7 km se Mzianeti [41.440 ° N 45.228 ° E]; 7 ♂♂, 11. vii. 2019, Kirkhbulaki river e Qulalisi [41.327 ° N 43.484 ° E]; 1 ♂, 12. vii. 2019, Kochki river s Epremovka [41.189 ° N 43.748 ° E]; 2 ♀♀, 30. vi. 2019, Kura river 1.9 km ese Ilmazo [41.418 ° N 45.042 ° E]; 1 ♂, 9. vii. 2019, Kura river 2.3 km nne Teliani [41.948 ° N 44.282 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 9. vii. 2019, Kura river 6.6 km e Khidistavi [41.960 ° N 44.210 ° E]; 1 ♂, 8. vii. 2019, Kura river e Variani [42.073 ° N 44.040 ° E]; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 8. vii. 2019, Kura river n Akhalsheni [42.005 ° N 43.723 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 7. vii. 2019, Kura river nw Dzegvi [41.850 ° N 44.599 ° E]; 1 ♂, 9. vii. 2019, Kura river se Gori [41.971 ° N 44.121 ° E]; 1 ♀, 29. vi. 2019, Kura river, Rustawi [41.551 ° N 45.010 ° E]; 5 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 29. vi. 2019, Kura valley 2.3 km w Akhalsheni [41.487 ° N 45.038 ° E]; 1 ♂, 29. vi. 2019, Kura valley 2.7 km w Akhalsheni [41.484 ° N 45.034 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 29. vi. 2019, Kura valley se Rustawi [41.520 ° N 45.023 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11. vii. 2019, lake Kartsakhi wsw Kartsakhi [41.236 ° N 43.249 ° E]; 9 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 10. vii. 2019, lake Nadarbazevis [41.999 ° N 44.287 ° E]; 7 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 3. vii. 2019, lakes 3.4 km n Tsdo [42.716 ° N 44.624 ° E]; 1 ♂, 2. vii. 2019, Mariini Canal 3.4 km n Jandari [41.473 ° N 45.167 ° E]; 1 ♂, 11. vii. 2019, Ozero Zres [41.388 ° N 43.423 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 12. vii. 2019, Saghamo lake se banks [41.297 ° N 43.754 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 10. vii. 2019, small lake 2.2 km ene Imera [41.650 ° N 44.215 ° E]; 1 ♀, 11. vii. 2019, small lakes n Sulda [41.291 ° N 43.373 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 1. vii. 2019, small river 1.6 km wsw Tokhliauri [41.721 ° N 45.403 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 4. vii. 2019, Snostskali river 0.6 km nw Sno [42.609 ° N 44.633 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 3. vii. 2019, Snostskali river 0.6 km se Achkhoti [42.618 ° N 44.624 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 4. vii. 2019, Snostskali river 0.8 km se Sno [42.600 ° N 44.645 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 8. vii. 2019, Soramula river 1.7 km ene Agara [42.047 ° N 43.841 ° E]; 1 ♂, 7. vii. 2019, Tba Bazalet´i [42.044 ° N 44.681 ° E]; 1 ♂, 9. vii. 2019, Tedzami river 1.4 km ne Zemo Khandaki [41.913 ° N 44.316 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 3. vii. 2019, Terek river 0.4 km w Pansheti [42.635 ° N 44.624 ° E]; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 3. vii. 2019, Terek river 1.0 km wsw Stepantsminda [42.653 ° N 44.635 ° E]; 1 ♀, 3. vii. 2019, Terek river 1.3 km sw Stepantsminda [42.649 ° N 44.634 ° E]; 4 ♂♂, 4. vii. 2019, Terek river 1.6 km w Ukhati [42.558 ° N 44.502 ° E]; 1 ♀, 11. vii. 2019, Vachiani lake [41.357 ° N 43.436 ° E]; 7 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 9. vii. 2019, wetland n Kvakhvreli [41.964 ° N 44.170 ° E]; GREECE: 4 ♂♂, 25. x. 2011, Lesbos, beach 1.5 km s Parakila [39.153 ° N 26.142 ° E]; 1 ♀, 25. x. 2011, Lesbos, beach 3.5 km ssw Parakila [39.141 ° N 26.122 ° E]; 1 ♂, 24. x. 2011, Lesbos, floodplain above Apothika [39.126 ° N 26.085 ° E]; 1 ♀, 24. x. 2011, Lesbos, lake Metochi [39.226 ° N 26.189 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 20. x. 2011, Lesbos, Meladia Valley [39.171 ° N 25.874 ° E]; 6 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 25. x. 2011, Lesbos, Potamia river [39.205 ° N 26.177 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 21. x. 2011, Lesbos, rivermouth Vouvaris [39.16 ° N 26.293 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 18. x. 2011, Lesbos, Tsiknias s Kalloni [39.211 ° N 26.223 ° E]; 8 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 25. x. 2011, dito; 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 26. x. 2011, Lesbos, Voulgaris e von Gavathas [39.281 ° N 26.014 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 26. iv. 2011, Rodopi, pond e von Lagos [41.003 ° N 25.175 ° E]; 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 26. iv. 2011, Rodopi, salt lake near Fanari [40.958 ° N 25.139 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 26. iv. 2011, Rodopi, Vosvozis sw Mosaiko [41.076 ° N 25.174 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 28. iv. 2011, Serres, eastern shore lake Kerkini [41.187 ° N 23.2 ° E]; 8 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, 27. iv. 2011, Serres, harbour Kerkini [41.208 ° N 23.096 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 27. iv. 2011, Serres, harbour Mandhraki [41.257 ° N 23.140 ° E]; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 28. iv. 2011, Serres, inflow lake Kerkini w Kerkini [41.206 ° N 23.075 ° E]; 7 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, 27. iv. 2011, Serres, pond s Vironia [41.256 ° N 23.250 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 28. iv. 2011, Serres, Strymonas e Lithotopos [41.134 ° N 23.256 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 27. iv. 2011, Serres, Strymonas river mouth [41.246 ° N 23.202 ° E]; 7 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, 28. iv. 2011, Serres, western shore lake Kerkini between Kerkini and Lithotopos [41.164 ° N 23.184 ° E]; 6 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 28. iv. 2011, Serres, western shore lake Kerkini se Kerkini [41.181 ° N 23.117 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 23. iv. 2011, Thessaloniki, canal sw Lagadhikia [40.635 ° N 23.243 ° E]; 1 ♂, 23. iv. 2011, Thessaloniki, eastern shore lake Volvi [40.668 ° N 23.583 ° E]; 1 ♂, 23. iv. 2011, Thessaloniki, northern shore Koronia [40.697 ° N 23.204 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 22. iv. 2011, Thessaloniki, river 1.5 km nw Scholari [40.684 ° N 23.245 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 23. iv. 2011, Thessaloniki, southern shore lake Koronia [40.656 ° N 23.162 ° E]; 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 23. iv. 2011, Thessaloniki, western shore lake Volvi [40.685 ° N 23.354 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 25. iv. 2011, Xanthi, floodplain Nestos w Kyrnos [40.983 ° N 24.748 ° E]; 1 ♀, 25. iv. 2011, Xanthi, floodplain Nestos w Mikrochori [40.975 ° N 24.753 ° E]; 1 ♀, 26. iv. 2011, Xanthi, Lagune n Lagos [41.011 ° N 25.092 ° E]; 1 ♀, 25. iv. 2011, Xanthi, riparian forest Nestos w Iliokentima [40.94 ° N 24.764 ° E]; 4 ♂♂, 25. iv. 2011, Xanthi, riparian forest Nestos w Zilotis [40.91 ° N 24.788 ° E]; ITALY: 1 ♀, 8. iv. 2022, Sicily, beach 2.5 km nw Cava D’Aliga [36.744 ° N 14.667 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 13. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Forcito 1.8 km s Vizzini [37.143 ° N 14.748 ° E]; 1 ♂, 13. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Forcito 2.1 km sse Vizzini [37.141 ° N 14.754 ° E]; 6 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 13. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Forcito 3.7 km sw Vizzini [37.130 ° N 14.728 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 13. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Forcito 4.9 km sw Vizzini [37.121 ° N 14.722 ° E]; 1 ♂, 14. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Irminiio 1.2 km nnw Giarratana [37.056 ° N 14.787 ° E]; 1 ♀, 14. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Irminiio 1.2 km s Giarratana [37.037 ° N 14.794 ° E]; 1 ♂, 14. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Irminiio 2.2 km s Giarratana [37.026 ° N 14.792 ° E]; 1 ♀, 11. iv. 2022, Sicily, Fiume Salso 6 km n Licata [37.158 ° N 13.926 ° E]; 1 ♀, 15. iv. 2022, Sicily, Irminio within Scicli [36.797 ° N 14.704 ° E]; 7 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, 10. iv. 2022, Sicily, meadow 4 km ese Scoglitti [36.880 ° N 14.473 ° E]; 1 ♀, 12. iv. 2022, Sicily, Reserve Il Biviere [37.025 ° N 14.346 ° E]; 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 14. iv. 2022, Sicily, Torrente Bafarano at Lago Santa Rosalia [36.988 ° N 14.778 ° E]; 1 ♀, 14. iv. 2022, Sicily, Torrente Gria at Lago Santa Rosalia [36.982 ° N 14.787 ° E]; JORDAN: 1 ♀, 22. x. 2010, Ayoun Musa (Spring of Moses) [31.775 ° N 35.739 ° E]; KYRGYZSTAN: 1 ♂, 27. v. 2019, river bed ca. 1.6 km nnw Kyzylungungir [41.406 ° N 73.053 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, 21. v. 2019, river bed ca. 2.5 km s Ak-Suu [39.874 ° N 69.372 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 20. v. 2019, river bed ca. 21 km s Makhram [40.057 ° N 70.239 ° E]; MADEIRA: 8 ♀♀, 7. x. 2009, Praia do Faial [32.792 ° N 16.849 ° W]; 3 ♀♀, 9. x. 2009, rivermouth São Vincente [32.809 ° N 17.048 ° W]; MOROCCO: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 23. iii. 2016, 2 km sse Mejlaw, ca. 25 km nne Larache [35.350 ° N 6.026 ° W], 76; 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, 25. iii. 2016, canal Ouled Mesbah [34.788 ° N 6.314 ° W], 0; 12 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀, 24. iii. 2016, meadows at Qued Lahlou, Asilah [35.474 ° N 6.026 ° W], 0; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 25. iii. 2016, meadows ca. 6 km sse Larache [35.107 ° N 6.123 ° W], 11; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 25. iii. 2016, pond ca 5 km NE Larache [35.199 ° N 6.084 ° W], 0; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 24. iii. 2016, river mouth des Qued ca. 3.5 km wnw Briech [35.531 ° N 6.006 ° W], 4; 1 ♂, 24. iii. 2016, salt lake ca. 1 km SWW Chraka [35.681 ° N 5.921 ° W], 16; PORTUGAL: 1 ♂, 24. x. 2018, Aveiro, Estarreja, Fermelã [40.700 ° N 8.583 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1 ♂, 23. i. 2017, Aveiro, Estarreja, Salreu [40.735 ° N 8.581 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 9. vii. 2021, Beja, Mértola, Alcaria Ruiva [37.733 ° N 7.783 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1 ♀, 13. vii. 2021, dito; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 7. iv. 2021, Beja, Mértola, Mértola [37.617 ° N 7.650 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 8. iv. 2021, Beja, Mértola, Mértola [37.617 ° N 7.650 ° W], leg. R. Andrade; 2 ♀♀, 9. iv. 2021, Beja, Mértola, Mértola [37.617 ° N 7.650 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 1 ♀, 12. vii. 2021, dito; 1 ♀, 17. iv. 2011, Beja, Ourique, Panóias [37.767 ° N 8.300 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 3 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, 8. vi. 2021, Bragança, Miranda do Douro, Miranda do Douro [41.533 ° N 6.283 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 5. vi. 2013, Coimbra, Coimbra, Arzila [40.179 ° N 8.555 ° W], leg. A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA; 1 ♀, 27. iii. 2018, Faro, creek bank w Curral de Boieiros [37.179 ° N 7.623 ° W]; 1 ♀, 26. iii. 2018, Faro, marsh 0.5 km sw Foz de Odeleite [37.351 ° N 7.449 ° W]; 1 ♀, 25. iii. 2018, Faro, saltwork 5 km e Faro [37.028 ° N 7.874 ° W]; 1 ♂, spring 2013, Santarém, Torres Novas, Olaia [39.517 ° N 8.467 ° W], leg. A. Gonçalves, coll. PRA; 1 ♀, 24. iii. 2018, Setúbal, rice fields 2.7 km ene Xarraminha [38.248 ° N 8.299 ° W]; 1 ♂, 3. v. 2021, Vila Real, Vila Real, Lamas de Olo [41.367 ° N 7.800 ° W], leg. R. Andrade, coll. PRA. Diagnosis: Along with P. fossarum this is the only Chaetoapnaea with almost completely hyaline wings (Fig. 12). This species could be confused with Parydra s. str., P. pubera and immature specimens of other Chaetoapnaea species. Separation from Parydra s. str. and P. pubera should be simple based on the characters given in the key. Immature specimens can be recognised by their pale colouration due to poorly developed sclerotization and should be identified with reference to the male terminalia. The main challenge is distinguishing between P. minor and P. fossarum. The characters given in the key should help to separate typical specimens. Where the distinction is unclear based on external characters maceration of the abdomen will be necessary to confirm identification. Parydra minor has sternites 3 – 5 entirely and strongly sclerotised while these are less sclerotised and show only some strongly sclerotised spots in P. fossarum as illustrated in Stuke (2023). Additionally, the male terminalia are characteristically by the phallus lacking an apical notch (Fig. 75) and with a distinct ventral keel in dorsal view (Fig. 75), the tip of the phallus being round in lateral view (Fig. 77), and postgonite lacking a sharp lateral projection in dorsal view (Fig. 75). Taxonomy: Parydra minor was reinstalled as valid species by Stuke (2023) and has previously been confused with P. fossarum. The male terminalia of P. turkmenica Krivosheina, 1989 are striking similar to P. minor (Krivosheina 1989: 218, figures 9 – 10) and the possibility that P. turkmenica may be a junior synonym of P. minor cannot be dismissed. Distribution in Europe: Given previous confusion between this species and P. fossarum only records presented here can be used to infer the distribution of P. minor. Reliable records are summarised in Fig. 105 and show that P. minor is widely distributed in South Europe from Madeira to Georgia without a clear southern distribution border. It becomes scarer in the north and has not yet been recorded from Scandinavia. In North Germany it is not rare with the current most northerly records from 54 ° N. Outside of Europe there are records from Morocco, Jordan and Kyrgyzstan. Biology: Parydra minor is found at the edge of larger rivers and lakes. In Germany it has mostly been recorded in the northwest where it occurs mainly in brackish or saline conditions close to the coast in areas with oceanic climatic conditions. Parydra minor is polyvoltine and has been recorded regularly from March to October. A single record from January shows this species may be active year-round at least in South Europe.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780836EFFCBFF6FF91DC54AFE8A.taxon	description	(Figs. 13, 25, 79 – 82)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780836EFFCBFF6FF91DC54AFE8A.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: ♂ lectotype of P. obscuripennis in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ 18 3 29 ”; (2) “ Wustung / b Habelschwerdt / l. Duda ””; (3) “ obscuri- / pennis / ♂ d. Duda ”; (4) “ Lectotypus ”. Additional material examined: 22 specimens from Finland, Germany and European Russia. Diagnosis: Parydra mitis is one of the more difficult Parydra species to recognise. Small, compact specimens with the face subshining and obviously contrasting with the dusting on the frontal vita, completely black legs, distinct wing markings, the scutum with submedial dusting stripes but without a medial dusting stripe (Fig. 25) and usually with no distinct dorsocentral seta in front prescutellar dorsocentral seta are good candidates for this species. The separation of P. mitis from black legged P. hecate with indistinct dusting on scutum and missing or broken dorsocentral setae can be particularly challenging. Males are identified due to the slightly elongated tergite 5 that is clearly longer than tergite 4 (Fig. 12). The male terminalia of P. mitis is unique in having an elongated and narrow phallus in dorsal view (Fig. 79) that is bent ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 81) and nearly triangular, blunt postgonites in dorsal view (Fig. 79). Distribution in Europe: Mainly boreo-montane and widely distributed in Scandinavia up to 70 ° N (GBIF 2024) and in mountainous regions of central Europe including the Alps. There are isolated records from Umbria, Italy (Canzoneri & Vienna 2000), from a fen on a German North Sea island and from European Russia (Stuke et al. 2025). Parydra mitis is rarely recorded in comparison to other Parydra species. It has not been recorded from outside Europe to date. Biology: Records are from stream valleys, springs in meadows and fens. The flight time spans from March to August with a peak in late summer.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780836CFFCDFF6FF881C53DFED6.taxon	description	(Figs. 15, 89 – 92)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780836CFFCDFF6FF881C53DFED6.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: ♀ syntype of P. nubecula in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ Dohnau / 8 / 5 12469 ”; (2) “ Cotypus ”. ♀ syntype of P. nubecula in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ Kaltwasser / 12 / 8 24434 ”; (2) “ Cotypus ”. ♂ syntype of P. nubecula in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ ParTenk / 8.67 ”; (2) “ Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “ nubecula / Beck. ”; (4) “ Cotypus ”; (5) “ Parydra / nubecula / Beck. / M. Krivosheina det, 1984 ”. ♂ syntype of P. nubecula in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ Dohnau / 1 / 5 36903 ”; (2) “ Cotypus ”; (3) “ Parydra / nubecula / Beck. / M. Krivosheina det, 1984 ”. Additional material examined: 71 specimens from Germany, Finland and European Russia with new country records from Croatia and Georgia: CROATIA: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 25. vi. 2017, Ðuračica 5 km s Magić Mala [45.133 ° N 17.596 ° E]; 1 ♀, 29. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube n Opatovac [45.264 ° N 19.172 ° E]; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 26. vi. 2017, small river 5.2 km sse Lacići [45.590 ° N 18.235 ° E]; GEORGIA: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 10. vii. 2019, small river valley sw Manglisi [41.694 ° N 44.379 ° E]. Diagnosis: Recognised by the strongly dusted frontal vita contrasting with the subshining frontorbital plate and the characteristic wing colouration with a subapical brown band (Fig. 15). The male terminalia is uniquely characterised by the subepandrial sclerites and the shape of the phallus as described in the key and illustrated in Figs. 89 – 92. Taxonomy: Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995) incorrectly placed P. nubecula in the subgenus Parydra s. str. However, the species conforms to all characters given by Clausen & Cook (1971) for the subgenus Chaetoapnaea (new subgenus position). Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed in Central and Eastern Europe and probably not rare even if reported only irregularly. Not recorded to date from the Iberian Peninsula, France or Britain. This may indicate an eastern distribution with the most westerly confirmed records being from Germany. Krivosheina (1989) reports P. nubecula from Northwest Russia. Records from Georgia mark the currently known southeastern distributional border. There are unexpected and isolated records from Morocco (Pârvu et al. 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011) which should be checked carefully as the drawing of the wing given in one publication (Pârvu et al. 2006: 276, 3 A) does not match P. nubecula. Biology: Typical found in wet places in forests, such as springs or around still water. Polyvoltine with the flight period spanning from March to August.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780836AFFCFFF6FFA63C5E7FE62.taxon	description	(Figs. 18, 101 – 104)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F38780836AFFCFFF6FFA63C5E7FE62.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 242 specimens from Germany, Finland, Iceland and European Russia with new country records from Georgia: GEORGIA: 1 ♀, 12. vii. 2019, Kochki river s Epremovka [41.189 ° N 43.748 ° E]; 1 ♀, 11. vii. 2019, lake Kartsakhi wsw Kartsakhi [41.236 ° N 43.249 ° E]; 1 ♀, 10. vii. 2019, small lake 2.2 km ene Imera [41.650 ° N 44.215 ° E]; 2 ♂♂, 3. vii. 2019, Snostskali river 0.6 km se Achkhoti [42.618 ° N 44.624 ° E]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 4. vii. 2019, Snostskali river se Akhaltsikhe [42.588 ° N 44.667 ° E]; 1 ♀, 11. vii. 2019, Vachiani lake [41.357 ° N 43.436 ° E]. Diagnosis: A distinctive small Parydra species with the silver dusted face bearing two strong facial setae. The male terminalia is uniquely characterised by the large semicircular hypandrium (Fig. 102) in dorsal view. Males are also unique in having sternite 5 densely setulose. Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed and not rare in boreal, Atlantic and continental Europe, rarer or unrecorded in southern Europe. Outside of Europe it has been reported from Turkey (Pârvu & Popescu-Mirceni 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011) and its distribution reaches east Asia (Krivosheina 1995). Biology: Inhabits a wide variety of more or less vegetated freshwater or saline wetlands. Polyvoltine with the long flight period spanning at least from February until October and probably year-round. Stigmatomyces trianguliapicalis has been reported to grow on P. pusilla (Rossi et al. 2010). Nielsen et al. (1954) illustrate the larvae. The larval diet is currently unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808368FFD0FF6FF918C368FC16.taxon	description	(Figs. 19, 105 – 108)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808368FFD0FF6FF918C368FC16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 221 specimens from Germany, Finland, Portugal and European Russia with new country records from Croatia and Georgia: Material: CROATIA: 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 25. vi. 2017, Ðuračica 5 km s Magić Mala [45.133 ° N 17.596 ° E]; 1 ♂, 24. vi. 2017, fishponds 1.5 km ne Stražanac [45.635 ° N 17.097 ° E]; 1 ♂, 28. vi. 2017, floodplain Danube n Bijelo Brdo [45.524 ° N 18.874 ° E]; GEORGIA: 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 10. vii. 2019, small river valley sw Manglisi [41.694 ° N 44.379 ° E]; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 4. vii. 2019, Snostskali river 0.6 km nw Sno [42.609 ° N 44.633 ° E]. Diagnosis: Parydra quadripunctata can be confused with species of Parydra s. str. due to the obvious vein stump at radius r 2 + 3, broad gena and strongly dusted face. The main character separating P. quadripunctata from Parydra s. str. is the outstanding black seta on the middle coxa. The wing has a stronger pattern with darkening especially around the tip of radius r 4 + 5 and media m (Fig. 19). Specimens with the vein stump at radius r 2 + 3 developed are separated from other Chaetoapnaea as, within the subgenus, this character otherwise occurs only in P. articulata which has distinct yellow knees. Specimens without a vein stump at radius r 2 + 3 occur rarely and can be distinguished by the densely dusted face. Within Chaetoapnaea this character is otherwise only found in P. arctica and P. nigritarsis which both have less strongly marked wings. Remaining questionable specimens should be identified based on the male terminalia with phallus and phallusapodeme fused (Fig. 107) and shape of phallus unique (Figs. 105, 107). Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed and not rare in central and northern Europe Less common or locally absent in the south probably due to the lack of suitable habitats. To date it has only been recorded once from the Iberian Peninsula in northern Portugal (Stuke et al. 2023). It has rarely been recorded from southern Europa though there are records from Croatia (see material). In Finland the species occurs north to 65 ° N (Laji. fi 2024) in Norway it is recorded north to 68 ° N (Gbif 2024). Outside Europe there are records from Morocco (Pârvu et al. 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011), Tunisia (Pârvu & Zaharia 2007) and Turkey (Pârvu & Popescu-Mirceni 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011). In Asia the species occurs eastwards up to Japan (Krivosheina 1995). Biology: Recorded from a range of wetland habitats with a preference for wet forests with springs, streams or still water. Polyvoltine with the flight period spanning from March to October.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808377FFD1FF6FFC71C5AAFF6E.taxon	description	(Fig. 20)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808377FFD1FF6FFC71C5AAFF6E.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: ♀ holotype of P. quinquemaculata in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ Warmbr / Scholtz [illegible sign] ”; (2) “ Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “ 14469 ”; (4) “ quinquema - / culata ” Beck. ”; (5) “ Holotypus ”; (6) “ Zool. Mus. / Berlin ”. ♂ lectotype of P. strandi (together with headless ♀ paralectotype) with these labels: (1) “ 19415 ”; (2) “ Ilfeld / S. - Harz Duda ”; (3) “ reclinata / Duda ♂ ”; (4) “ Flügelgez 1. 5. 41 ”; (5) “ Lectotypus ”; (6) “ Paralectotypus ”. Another ♂ labelled by Duda as “ reclinata ” mentioned in the original description and labelled as paralectotype from “ St. Wendel ” belongs to P. hecate. Additional material examined: GERMANY: 1 ♀, 22. vi. 2008, Lower Saxony, Petersilienwasser 4.5 km sse Braunlage [51.687 ° N 10.626 ° E]. Diagnosis: Recognised due to obvious characters of colouration of the wing and the pattern of light dusting on scutum as described in the key and illustrated in Fig. 19. Parydra quinquemaculata is most similar to P. hecate. Due to the lack of available material the male terminalia of this species could not be examined. Given this, I cannot rule out the possibility that P. quinquemaculata represents only an extreme colour morph of P. hecate. The absence of a second small dorsocentral seta on the specimens examined may easily be intraspecific variation. Taxonomy: Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995) incorrectly placed P. quinquemaculata in the subgenus Parydra s. str. However, the species conforms to all characters given by Clausen & Cook (1971) for the subgenus Chaetoapnaea (new subgenus position). Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed in mountains of Europe with records from Central European low mountain ranges (e. g. Duda 1942, Karnecká 1980, Stuke et al. 2020, Zatwarnicki 2023, Zatwarnicki et al. 2001), the Alps (Canzoneri & Vienna 2000, Zatwarnicki 2008), Romania (Ceianu 1999) and Serbia (Krivosheina & Ozerov 2022). Outside of Europe it has been reported once from Morocco (Vitte 1991), but this record should be checked. Biology: Hardly anything is known about this rarely collected species. It may be restricted to higher elevations. The only specimens recorded by the author were swept at a spring-feed swamp in a wooded valley with a stream. The recorded flight time spans from April to July.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808376FFD1FF6FFEE9C5EFFADD.taxon	description	(Fig. 21)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808376FFD1FF6FFEE9C5EFFADD.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: ♂ syntype of P. undulata in coll. ZMB with these labels (1) “ [illegible sign] ”; (2) “ Polen 3664. ”; (3) “ Typus ”; (4) “ Parydra / undulata / Beck. / M. Krivosheina det., 1985 ” Material examined: Material: GERMANY: 1 ♂, 7. viii. 2011, Saxony-Anhalt, Salziger See, Igelsumpf [51.470 ° N 11.6787 ° E]; FRANCE: 1 ♀, 18. vii. 2001, Landes, Vielle-St Girons, w Lac de Léon [43.895 ° N 1.334 ° W], leg. J. - P. Haenni. Diagnosis: Due to the unique undulating wing venation and the wing colouration (Fig. 21) this species cannot be confused with any other Parydra. Taxonomy: Although the male terminalia could not be examined there is no doubt that P. undulata belongs to the subgenus Chaetoapnaea (new subgenus position). All characters of P. undulata conform to the description of Clausen & Cook (1971). With the exception of the wing venation, it is extremely similar to other species of Chaetoapnaea such as P. hecate. In fact, given its closeness to P. hecate and the fact that I have seen one specimen with intermediate wing characters, I cannot rule out that P. undulata may only be a form of P. hecate with misshapen wing venation. Distribution in Europe: A rarely collected and local species. There are several records from coastal wetlands in southeast England (NBN Atlas 2024), one record from France reported here, records from three saline wetlands in eastern Germany (Stuke & Bährmann 2013), one location at a Polish inland saline wetland (Szadziewski 1983, Soszyński et al. 2000), and the historical type locations reported by Becker (1896) „ Gouvernment Minsk “ and „ Wannsee bei Berlin “. Additionally, Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995) report P. undulata as occurring in Austria and Sweden without citing a source. Biology: Hardly anything is known about this rare species. Recent records suggest that P. undulata is a halophilous species occurring coastal and inland saline habitats. In Germany it has recently been recorded from dense vegetation at the margin of salt lakes.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808376FFD2FF6FF9E9C493FE3A.taxon	description	(Figs. 17, 97 – 100)	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808376FFD2FF6FF9E9C493FE3A.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: 1 ♀ syntype of P. pubera in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ Calabr / Enber ”; (2) “ Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “ 14462 ”; (4) “ Parydra / pubera / m. ”; (5) “ Typus ” 7 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ syntypes of P. pubera in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ [illegible signs] ”; (2) “ Coll. / H. Loew ”; (3) “ Typus ”. 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ syntypes of P. pubera, ditto but with (4) “ Parydra ♂ / pubera Lw / M. Krivosheina det., 1985 ” Additional material examined: 71 specimens from France, Italy, Morocco, Netherlands and Portugal. Diagnosis: Recognised based on the obvious long setulae all over the body (Fig. 17). The male terminalia differs from all other Parydra in having dense setulae and setae at tip of the epandrium, a ring shaped, flat phallus (Figs. 97, 99) and enlarged postgonites (Fig. 97). Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed but seldom recorded in Western Europe along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast from Sicily to the Netherlands. Additionally, there are isolated records from an inland saline habitat in Germany (Zatwarnicki & Hollmann-Schirrmacher 1997). Biology: A halophilous species, living in vegetated saline or brackish wetlands. Polyvoltine, with a long flight period from March until September. The larval biology is currently unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
03F387808375FFD3FF6FF96BC358FED6.taxon	materials_examined	Primary type material examined: 1 ♀ holotype of P. unicolor in coll. ZMB with these labels: (1) “ Russland. ”; (2) “ unicolor / Beck. ”; (3) “ Holotypus ”; (4) “ Zool. Mus. / Berlin ”. This species should be recognised by the characters given in the original description of Becker (1926): " Durch ganz gelbe Körperfarbe steht diese Art ganz ausserhalb des uns bisher bekannten Formenkreises dieser Gattung. " However, the type specimen is an immature specimen of Parydra as previously mentioned by Krivosheina (1989). The record from the Czech Republic by Vaňhara (1981) may also be based on an immature specimen and is treated as doubtful (Kubátová-Hiršová 2003). Melecis et al. (2014) reported P. unicolor from Latvia but didn´t comment further on this remarkable record. Due to its immaturity and sex, it is not possible to identify the holotype and Napaea unicolor (Becker, 1926) must be treated as a nomen dubium (status. rev.).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2025): Taxonomic and faunistic comments on European Parydra Stenhammar, 1844 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with new species from Finland and Jordan. Zootaxa 5686 (1): 49-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.1.3
