taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FE1D717250FFC1FBF6C8D8FCDC4070.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Windsor and Felder (2014: 167). Included species. Thoe aspera Rathbun, 1901 (WA), Thoe erosa Bell, 1836 (EP), Thoe puella Stimpson, 1860 (WA), Thoe asperoides † Collins and Todd, 2005, Thoe vanuaensis † Rathbun, 1945. Remarks. Windsor and Felder (2014: 167) indicated the authority of the genus Thoe to Chun (1879), however the authors probably referred, by mistake, to the homonymous Ctenophora genus Thoe Chun, 1879. According to the ICZN (1999, art. 23), applying the principle of priority, Thoe Bell, 1836 should be maintained and a new name for the Ctenophora genus should be designated. Thoe vanuaensis † from the Pliocene of Vanua Mbalavu, Fiji, was described from a fragment of the left cheliped, including the partially preserved fixed and movable fingers. The type material is deposited in the USNM Department of Paleobiology Collections (USNM MO 498434). Although clearly a majoid cheliped, the generic placement of this species seems to not be supported by its morphology. The clear gap between fingers, the few small tubercles on the fixed finger, and the absence of tubercles or teeth on the dactyl are characteristics of several groups among the majoid families. Thoe vanuaensis † has sparse tubercles on the upper face of the fixed finger, differing from the recent species of Thoe that have the propodi surface without any tubercles or spines. It is important to note that this species is from Fiji, considering that Thoe recent species are all endemic to the Americas, its assignment to this genus is doubtful and a detailed examination of this material is necessary to determine its placement in another genus. The other fossil species, Thoe asperoides † from the Late Miocene of Panama, on the other hand, resembles the recent species T. aspera. The holotype (NMB F 1681) is a fragment of the carapace that resembles T. aspera in overall carapace shape and the regions are well delimited with numerous tubercles. This species has another attributed record, a fixed finger fragment, from the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of Panama (NMB F 1682) (Collins and Todd, 2005).	en	Santana, Jessica Colavite Amanda Marie Windsor Isabela Ribeiro Rocha Moraes Michelle Mollemberg Laira Lianos Antônio Leão Castilho William (2022): Molecular phylogeny of Thoe Bell, 1836 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea). Nauplius (e 2022030) 30: 1-15, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022030, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022030
03FE1D717251FFC2FED6CB3FFA4241EC.taxon	description	(Fig. 2 A – D)	en	Santana, Jessica Colavite Amanda Marie Windsor Isabela Ribeiro Rocha Moraes Michelle Mollemberg Laira Lianos Antônio Leão Castilho William (2022): Molecular phylogeny of Thoe Bell, 1836 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea). Nauplius (e 2022030) 30: 1-15, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022030, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022030
03FE1D717251FFC2FED6CB3FFA4241EC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Adult male, holotype (cl 10 mm, cw 7.84 mm), 1 female, paratype (USNM 23773), Puerto Rico, Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island, 18 ° 18 ’ 18.0 ” N 65 ° 18 ’ 05.0 ” W, R / V “ Fish Hawk ”, 9 – 10. ii. 1899 (Fig. 2 C, D). Additional material examined. 1 juvenile male (UF 44442), Panama, Bocas del Toro Province, Runway, 23. v. 2016, Leray, M., Michonneau, F. and Lasley, R. col.; 1 female (UF 44492), Panama, Bocas del Toro Province, Seagal, 09 ° 17 ’ 21.3 ” N 82 ° 17 ’ 44.6 ” W, 25. v. 2016, Leray, M., Michonneau, F. and Lasley, R. col.; 1 female (UF 44330), Mexico, Punta Puebla, 16. v. 2016, Leray, M., Michonneau, F., Lasley, R. col.; 1 male (MNHN IU 2014 - 16077), Martinique, Grande anse du Diamant, Madibenthos Expedition, stn. AR 129, 14 ° 28 ’ 07.9968 ” N 61 ° 01 ’ 08.0004 ” W, depth 6 m, 15. ix. 2016; 1 ovigerous female (MNHN IU 2014 - 16221), Martinique, Le Robert, Madibenthos Ex pedition, stn. A B 193, 14 ° 41 ’ 18.9996 ” N 60 ° 50 ’ 9.996 ” W, depth 18 m, 19. ix. 2016; 1 ovigerous female (MNHN IU 2014 - 16238), Martinique, Grande anse du Diamant, Madibenthos Expedition, stn. AR 129, 14 ° 28 ’ 07.9968 ” N 61 ° 01 ’ 08.0004 ” W, 6 m, 15. ix. 2016; 1 ovigerous female (MNHN IU 2017 - 1638), Martinique, Le Vauclin, Madibenthos expedition, stn. AB 130, 14 ° 32 ’ 00.0024 ” N 60 ° 48 ’ 56.9988 ” W, depth 1 m, 20. ix. 2016; 2 females (USNM 1269593), Trinidad And Tobago, Man-O-War Bay, Charlottleville, 3. vii. 1939, Hardy, J. D. col., i. 2015, Windsor, A. det.; 1 male, 2 juvenile males (cl 7.5 mm, cw 6.78 mm) (MZUSP 41773), Brazil, Pernambuco, Suape, depth 4 m, 26. x. 2018, Bochini, G. and Almeida A. col.; 1 female, (LSZ 185), Brazil, São Paulo, Ilhabela, Ilha da Vitória, depth 5 m, up to coral Madracis decactis fragments, 14. xii. 2017, Moraes, I. R. R. and Cobo, V. J. col (Fig. 2 A, B). Emended diagnosis. Carapace armed with sharp spines and tubercles, 2 short spines at posterolateral angles. Rostral spines separated by a large V-shaped sinus. Basal article of antenna longer than broad, with 2 distal spines. Palm of cheliped 3 times longer than wide. Merus of legs (P 2 – P 5) with moderately dilated crests (meral extensions) in lateral margin. Habitat. Reef zone, between coral fragments and among algae covering coral rubble (Markham et al., 1990). Type locality. Ensenada Honda, Culebra, Puerto Rico. Distribution. Western Atlantic: México, Puerto Rico, Panama, Martinique, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia and Brazil (in the states of Pernambuco, Alagoas, and São Paulo) (Rathbun, 1901; Coelho, 1971;	en	Santana, Jessica Colavite Amanda Marie Windsor Isabela Ribeiro Rocha Moraes Michelle Mollemberg Laira Lianos Antônio Leão Castilho William (2022): Molecular phylogeny of Thoe Bell, 1836 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea). Nauplius (e 2022030) 30: 1-15, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022030, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022030
03FE1D717253FFC3FE8DC898FA404013.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 E, 3)	en	Santana, Jessica Colavite Amanda Marie Windsor Isabela Ribeiro Rocha Moraes Michelle Mollemberg Laira Lianos Antônio Leão Castilho William (2022): Molecular phylogeny of Thoe Bell, 1836 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea). Nauplius (e 2022030) 30: 1-15, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022030, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022030
03FE1D717253FFC3FE8DC898FA404013.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 male, Panama, Eastern Pacific (ULLZ 9738). Diagnosis (as in Garth, 1958). Only 1 anterior tooth or lobe on basal antennal article. Double row of deep excavations on merus of pereiopods. Fingers of males strongly arched; gap entire except for 1 tooth on dactyl.	en	Santana, Jessica Colavite Amanda Marie Windsor Isabela Ribeiro Rocha Moraes Michelle Mollemberg Laira Lianos Antônio Leão Castilho William (2022): Molecular phylogeny of Thoe Bell, 1836 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea). Nauplius (e 2022030) 30: 1-15, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022030, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022030
03FE1D71725DFFCEFED3C85CFCDF470F.taxon	description	(Figure 2 F)	en	Santana, Jessica Colavite Amanda Marie Windsor Isabela Ribeiro Rocha Moraes Michelle Mollemberg Laira Lianos Antônio Leão Castilho William (2022): Molecular phylogeny of Thoe Bell, 1836 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea). Nauplius (e 2022030) 30: 1-15, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022030, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022030
03FE1D71725DFFCEFED3C85CFCDF470F.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. 1 male (MNHN IU 2013 4256), Guadeloupe, Karubenthos 2012 [lot JL 489 - 5], stn. GM 09, depth 1 m, Poupin, J. det.; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 33887), Panama, North of Boca del Drago, stn. 12, depth 0.5 – 2 m, in and under coral rubble, 01. v. 2015, A. Anker col., 21. xii. 2021, Colavite, J. det. Diagnosis (as in Rathbun, 1925). Carapace margins perpendicular and nearly straight. Basal antennal articles not grooved. Margins of merus joints of ambulatory legs thin. Habitat. Solid substrates and rubble. Found in rocky and coralline bottoms, reef corals, in shallow waters (Garth, 1978; Carmona-Suarez and Poupin, 2016). Type locality. Dry Tortugas, Florida, United States of America. Distribution. South Florida, Bahamas, Belize, Cuba, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Curaçao, Bonaire and Saint Maarten, Dry Tortugas, Greater Antilles, Guadeloupe, Colombia, Venezuela (Rathbun, 1897; 1901; Garth, 1958; Powers, 1977; Keith, 1985; Castaño and Campos, 2003; García and Capote, 2015; Carmona-Suarez and Poupin, 2016; Diez and Espinosa, 2018). Remarks. The type material of T. puella is probably lost, as are several other species described by Stimpson due to the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 (Mayer, 1918). Thoe puella and T. aspera, both western Atlantic species, can be easily distinguished by: (i) the basal article of antenna without spines in T. puella (vs. basal article of antenna with two distal spines in T. aspera, one visible in dorsal view); (ii) the carapace with sparse tubercles, branchial region well defined and laterally projected (vs. carapace with sparse spines and tubercles, branchial region less defined, with two distinct posterolateral spines); and (iii) rostral spines blunt in T. puella (vs. rostral spines acute, with a distinct V sinus in T. aspera) (Fig. 2 A, B, F). The color of each Thoe species and carapace characteristics usually match the background of their habitats, making them difficult to observe in situ. Each one has a unique color pattern that can be used as an informative character to distinguish each species in the field (Fig. 2 A, E, F). Color in life is beige with some darker spots that vary from pinkish to dark red. Chelipeds are vivid red.	en	Santana, Jessica Colavite Amanda Marie Windsor Isabela Ribeiro Rocha Moraes Michelle Mollemberg Laira Lianos Antônio Leão Castilho William (2022): Molecular phylogeny of Thoe Bell, 1836 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea). Nauplius (e 2022030) 30: 1-15, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022030, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022030
