taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FD8781FF97FF9D6017F9B9FBB0F886.taxon	description	Hiraea barclayana Benth. (1844) 75. — Mascagnia barclayana (Benth.) Nied. (1908) 29. — Type: Barclay 1127 (holo K-hb. Benth.; iso BM, K-hb. Hook., MO), ‘ Libertad in Columbia’ [El Salvador, La Libertad, La Libertad], Apr. 1837 (Belcher 1843). Tetrapterys panamensis Seem. (1853) 92. — Hiraea panamensis (Seem.) Griseb. (1858) 100. — Type: Seemann 1215 (holo BM; iso K), Panama, Veraguas, near Santiago de Veraguas, 1849. Hiraea velutina Nied. (1906) 6. — Type: Galeotti s. n. (lecto, here designated MICH; isolecto BR), Mexico, Oaxaca, Pinotepa [Nacional], 1839 (McVaugh 1978). Woody vine, shrub or twining shrub, or small tree to 4 m; stems densely velutinous when young, becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 6 – 18 by 3 – 10 cm, elliptical to obovate, apex mucronate or emarginate-mucronate, base truncate in smaller leaves to cordate or auriculate in larger ones, adaxially densely and loosely covered with straight to wavy sessile to subsessile hairs, often intermixed with an understory of V- and Y-shaped hairs, soon glabrescent to glabrous, abaxially velutinous, the hairs mostly Y-shaped but also V-shaped, with a few T-shaped hairs intermixed, stalk to 0.2 mm long, arms of Y- and V-shaped hairs 0.1 – 0.5 mm long, often uneven, trabecula of T-shaped hairs 0.5 – 1.4 mm long, mostly straight; margin without glands or with scattered glands 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam in the distal 1.3 or only near apex; adaxially costa slightly impressed and secondary veins not or very slightly impressed, abaxially costa and secondary veins prominent. Petioles 5 – 11 by 1.3 – 2 mm, velutinous, with a pair of glands at apex, each gland 0.5 – 1.5 mm long. Stipules 2.3 – 4 mm long, borne in basal 1 / 3 – 1 / 4 of petiole or occasionally at middle. Inflorescences solitary axillary ternate cymes of 4 - flowered umbels; umbel without a gland in the centre; inflorescence axis 0 – 2.5 mm long, bracts 1.2 – 2.5 mm long and wide; lateral axes 0 – 3 mm long, subtended by a pair of bracts 1.5 – 2.5 mm long and wide; peduncles (0.5 –) 1 – 8 (– 11) mm long; bracts and bracteoles subtending pedicels 1.2 – 2 mm long and wide; pedicels (7 –) 10 – 20 (– 26) by 0.4 – 0.5 mm, densely covered with sessile to T-shaped hairs (stalk to 0.1 mm); axes and abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles densely sericeous. On leafless branches inflorescences usually crowded and condensed, sessile to subsessile, pedicels 7 – 10 mm long. Sepals 2 – 2.5 by 1.5 – 2 mm, triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands 1.8 – 2 mm long, or all sepals eglandular. Petals yellow, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 2.5 – 3 mm long, limb of anterior-lateral petals 6 – 7.5 mm long and wide, of posterior-lateral petals 6.5 – 8 mm long and wide, all orbicular, margin irregularly and finely denticulate to erose or sometimes subentire but with a few teeth, longest teeth to 0.2 (– 0.4) mm long; posterior petal with the claw 3 – 3.5 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb 5.5 – 6.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin of the distal 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 dentate-fimbriate to lacerate, the proximal 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 erose to subentire, fimbriae 0.2 – 1 mm long, longest at apex. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament 3.5 – 4.5 mm long, anther 1.1 – 1.3 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments 3 – 3.3 mm long, anthers 0.6 – 1.1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3.3 – 4 mm long, anthers 1 – 1.1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments 2.5 – 3 mm long, anthers 0.6 – 1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3.2 – 4 mm long, anthers 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament 2 – 2.7 mm long, anther 0.5 – 0.8 mm long. Styles incurved, glabrous; anterior style 3.3 – 4.2 by 0.4 – 0.5 mm, apex extended into a spur (0.05 –) 0.2 – 0.3 mm long; posterior styles 3.3 – 4.2 by 0.3 – 0.5 mm, apex extended into a spur (0.02 –) 0.1 – 0.2 mm long or sometimes without a spur. Ovary 1.3 – 1.5 mm long, densely villous. Samara butterfly-shaped; lateral wings (1.5 –) 2.5 – 3.3 by 1.5 – 2.3 cm; dorsal wing or crest 0.2 – 4.5 mm high, subentire or erose or coarsely dentate; nut subspherical, 3.5 – 4.5 mm diam, areole 1.5 – 2 mm diam. Embryo subspherical to spherical, 3.6 – 4.2 mm diam. i Distribution — Southern Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas) to northern Nicaragua (Chinandega, Madriz, Nuevo Sego- via), one collection from Veraguas, Panama (type of Tetrapterys panamensis), northern Colombia (La Guajira, Magdalena), north-western Venezuela (Lara, Zulia). Habitat & Phenology — In thickets and shrublands, tropical deciduous and subdeciduous forest, seasonal evergreen forest, pine-oak forest; sea level to 1050 (– 1300) m; collected in flower and fruit from February to June (one flowering collection from December). Notes — The spreading / erect vesture on the abaxial surface of the lamina of H. barclayana immediately separates it from the partly sympatric H. reclinata, in which the laminas are usually glabrous or have appressed hairs. The new leaves of H. barclayana are densely pubescent on both surfaces, but as the lamina expands, the adaxial surface is soon glabrescent to glabrous. The abaxial vesture persists and is composed largely of V- and Y-shaped hairs (the arms commonly unequal) as well as some T-shaped hairs. The aspect of the vesture changes with the growth of the leaf. The abaxial surface of youngest laminas has the arms of the closely spaced hairs intertwining. As the leaf expands the vesture thins and becomes evenly velutinous, and gradually sparser in older leaves. Only in the oldest leaves is the laminar vesture eventually sloughed off; such leaves superficially appear glabrous but some of the distinctive hairs remain, especially near and on the costa and secondary veins, particularly at and near the base of the lamina. The ranges of H. reclinata and H. barclayana are largely sympatric, but H. barclayana is much less frequently collected. Surpris- ingly, it is not known from Costa Rica, a country that saw years of intensive collecting in anticipation of the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Malpighiaceae by W. R. Anderson 2007 b). The type of Tetrapterys panamensis appears to be the only record of H. barclayana in Panama. Triana & Planchon (1862) cite the name under H. barclayana, as does Hemsley (1879), who had access to this type (as well as that of H. barclayana). Niedenzu (1928) saw neither type and in his treatment of Tetrapterys lists Seemann’s name under “ species incertae mihi invisae ” as well as, with question mark, in the synonymy for H. obovata [= H. reclinata]. Cuatrecasas & Croat (1981) in the Flora of Panama cite Tetrapterys panamensis and the combination in Hiraea as synonyms of H. reclinata. In the protologue the type of H. barclayana is said to have come from ‘ Libertad in Columbia’ (Bentham 1844), which led Triana & Planchon (1862) to include H. barclayana in their Prodromus of the Colombian flora. Hemsley (1879) states ‘ San Salvador, Libertad’, which is the locality given on the BM isotype. The labels of the duplicates at Kew say only ‘ Libertad’, but the labels with the isotypes at MO note ‘ Mexico’ as the country of origin. The late William R. Anderson left unpublished notes concerning the type locality and confirmed that it is the port of La Libertad in El Salvador. Captain Belcher (1843; 1: 32 – 36) in his “ Narrative … ” of the voyage describes arriving from Nicaragua at “ Libertad ” in April 1837 and going overland to San Salvador before returning to the port and proceeding to Mexico. Barclay’s specimens are branches bearing fruits and mature leaves. The abaxial vesture was described by Bentham as sparse, which likely led some readers to equate H. barclayana with H. reclinata (and synonyms). One of the two isotypes at MO is a mixture of H. barclayana and a legume. Niedenzu (1906) based H. velutina on three syntypes: Galeotti s. n. from Oaxaca, Mexico, Seler & Seler 1800 from Chiapas, Mexico, and Lehmann 4636 from Antioquia, Colombia. The Galeotti duplicate at MICH is here designated as lectotype of H. velutina, and the name thus becomes a synonym for H. barclayana. Both the lectotype and isolectotype are annotated by Niedenzu. Lehmann 4636 belongs to H. ternifolia. I did not find any duplicates of Seler & Seler 1800; Niedenzu’s syntype at B was destroyed. Because it was obtained in Chiapas, it is most likely referable to H. barclayana. Until William R. Anderson realized the correct application of the names H. barclayana and H. reclinata during his floristic work on Malpighiaceae, starting in the 1970 s, collections of H. barclayana were commonly determined as H. velutina.	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF91FF9F6358F854FC55FB4D.taxon	description	Hiraea hookeriana A. Juss. (1840) 258. — Type: B. de Sch. s. n. [Baron von Schack] (holo K), Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad. Woody vine, scandent shrub to 6 m, or small tree 3 – 4 (– 8) m; stems densely sericeous when young, becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 5 – 15 by 2 – 7.5 cm, narrowly elliptical to narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly oblong to elliptical or obovate, apex mucronate or emarginate-mucronate, base truncate in smaller leaves to slightly cordate in larger ones, mature laminas coriaceous and bullate, adaxially with sessile to subsessile hairs when young, soon glabrescent to glabrous, abaxially with subsessile to T-shaped hairs and sometimes also with a few Y-shaped hairs when young, soon glabrescent but often hairs retained on the costa and secondary veins especially toward the base, the oldest laminas eventually glabrous, hairs with a stalk (0.05 –) 0.1 – 0.3 mm long, trabecula of T-shaped hairs 0.5 – 2.2 mm long, straight or wavy, arms of Y-shaped hairs 0.2 – 0.6 mm long, uneven; margin eglandular or with scattered glands 0.2 – 0.4 (– 0.5) mm diam in distal 1 / 4 – 1 / 2 or only near apex; costa and secondary veins impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially. Petioles (2 –) 3 – 9 by 1.5 – 2.5 mm, densely sericeous, with a pair of glands at apex or in the distal 1 / 3 (in very short petioles sometimes at about the middle), each gland 0.5 – 1.7 mm long. Stipules 2 – 4.5 (– 5) mm long, borne at or slightly above base or sometimes to basal 1 / 3 (rarely near the middle) of petiole. Inflorescences solitary axillary ternate cymes of 4 - flowered umbels or sometimes biternate; umbel without a gland in the centre; inflorescence axis 0 – 6 (– 8) mm long, bracts 2 – 2.5 by 1.5 – 2 mm; lateral peduncles borne on axes 0 – 2.5 mm long, subtended by bracts 1 – 1.5 mm long and wide; peduncles (1.5 –) 3 – 11.5 (– 15.5) mm long, the lateral usually longer than the central one; bracts and bracteoles subtending pedicels 1 – 2 mm long and wide; pedicels 8 – 24 by c. 0.5 mm, densely covered with sessile to T-shaped hairs (stalk to 0.1 mm); axes and abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles densely sericeous. On leafless branches inflorescences usually crowded and condensed, sessile to subsessile, pedicels 8 – 12 mm long. Sepals 1.8 – 2.5 by 1.5 – 2.5 mm, triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands 1 – 1.3 (– 2) mm long, or all eglandular. Petals yellow, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 1.5 – 2.5 mm long, limb 6.5 – 7.5 (– 8) mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire to irregularly minutely denticulate, teeth to 0.1 mm long; posterior petal with the claw 3 – 4 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb 5 – 6 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin variably lacerate-dentate-fimbriate, teeth / fimbriae to 0.4 (– 0.7) mm long, those at apex minutely glandular or eglandular. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament 3 – 4 mm long, anther 1 – 1.4 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments 2 – 3 mm long, anthers 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments 2.7 – 3.5 mm long, anthers 0.9 – 1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments 2 – 2.5 mm long, anthers 0.6 – 0.8 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments 2.5 – 3.2 mm long, anthers 0.9 – 1 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament 1.8 – 2.3 mm long, anther 0.5 – 0.6 mm long. Styles incurved, glabrous; anterior style 2.5 – 4 by 0.4 – 0.5 mm, apex extended into a spur 0.2 – 0.3 mm long; posterior styles 2.5 – 3.8 by 0.3 – 0.4 mm, apex extended into a spur 0.1 – 0.2 mm long. Ovary 1 – 1.5 mm long, densely villous. Samara butterfly-shaped; lateral wings 2 – 3 by 1.5 – 2 cm; dorsal wing 2 – 3.5 mm long, 1 – 3 mm high, subentire or coarsely dentate; nut subspherical, 3 – 3.5 mm diam, areole c. 1.4 by 1.5 – 2 mm. Embryo spherical, 3 – 3.5 mm diam. i Distribution — Northern Venezuela (Falcón, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Táchira, Yaracuy, Zulia), Trinidad. Habitat & Phenology — In wet evergreen and semi-ever- green riverine forest, thickets, and matorral; sea level to 1300 m; collected in flower in February, April through June, August, and October (in bud in December and January), in fruit from April to June, August, October, and November. Notes — Traditionally H. hookeriana was equated with H. reclinata in the literature (e. g., Grisebach 1860, Niedenzu 1906, 1928, Cuatrecasas 1958) and in the herbarium. It differs in its distinctive coriaceous bullate laminas, in which the costa and secondary veins are deeply impressed adaxially. The abaxial vesture is composed mostly of T-shaped hairs mixed with some Y-shaped and subsessile hairs, which are gradually abraded. The older laminas become glabrescent and eventually glabrous, but commonly some of the characteristic hairs are retained on and along the costa and secondary veins. Hiraea hookeriana differs from the sympatric H. venezuelana in its bullate leaves, stipules placed at or near the base of the petiole, and in its inflorescences bearing only 4 - flowered umbels. The shape of the posterior petal of H. hookeriana varies from lacerate to having the margin drawn out into fimbriae, these eglandular or minutely gland-tipped. Fig, 2 g, h shows the extremes, but in many specimens the margin is intermediate, with the apex more irregularly divided than the lateral margins. The lateral petals are usually subentire but may be minutely denticulate.	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF93FF916359FB1CFD31F7B4.taxon	description	Differt a H. reclinata laminae foliorum adaxaliter et abaxaliter pilos T-formes ferens; petalo postico margine apice dentato vel lacero-dentato et basi denticulato. — Type: McVaugh 15228 (holo MICH; iso MEXU, US), Mexico, Nayarit, Mirador de Aguila, c. 14 mi N of Tepic, 600 m, 8 July 1957. Etymology. The specific epithet honours Rogers McVaugh (1909 – 2009), foremost student of the flora of western Mexico, who collected the type. Woody vine, shrub or twining shrub, or small tree to 3 m; stems sericeous when young, becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 5 – 17.5 by 3 – 10 cm, elliptical to obovate, apex apiculate-mucronate, mucronate, or emarginate-mucronate, base truncate in smaller leaves to cordate or auriculate in larger ones, adaxially densely covered with subsessile to T-shaped hairs (stalk to 0.1 mm) when young, soon glabrous, abaxially tomentose when young, the vesture soon thinning, when mature with T-shaped hairs, stalks (0.05 –) 0.1 – 0.2 mm long, trabecula 1 – 2 mm long, straight to wavy; margin with a few scattered glands c. 0.2 mm diam near apex or glands absent; costa slightly impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially, secondary veins not impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially. Petioles 5 – 11 by 1.2 – 2 mm, densely sericeous, with a pair of glands at apex, each gland 0.5 – 1 mm long. Stipules 1.5 – 4.5 mm long, borne near the base to the middle of the petiole. Inflorescences solitary axillary ternate cymes of 4 - flowered umbels; umbel without a gland in the centre; inflorescence axis 0 – 3 mm long, bracts 1.5 – 2.5 mm long and wide; lateral peduncles borne on axes 0 – 4 mm long, subtended by bracts 1.5 – 2 mm long and wide; peduncles 1 – 12 mm long; bracts and bracteoles subtending pedicels 1.3 – 2 mm long and wide; pedicels (9 –) 12 – 26 by 0.4 – 0.5 mm, densely covered with sessile to T-shaped hairs (stalk to 0.1 mm); axes, abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles densely sericeous. Sepals 2 – 2.5 (– 2.8) by 2 – 2.5 mm, triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands 1 – 2 mm long, or all sepals eglandular. Petals yellow, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 2.5 – 3 mm long, limb of anterior-lateral petals 8 – 8.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire to minutely denticulate, teeth to 0.1 mm long, or with a few larger teeth (to 0.3 mm) at apex, limb of posterior-lateral petals 7 – 8 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin irregularly denticulate or only at apex and otherwise subentire, teeth to 0.2 (– 0.4) mm long; posterior petal with the claw 3 – 4 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb 7 – 7.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin irregularly dentate to dentate-lacerate, teeth to 0.5 – 1.2 mm long, longest at apex. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament 3.8 – 4.5 mm long, anther 1.1 – 1.3 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments 3.5 – 4 mm long, anthers 0.9 – 1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3.8 – 4.5 mm long, anthers 1 – 1.2 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments 2.5 – 3 mm long, anthers 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3.5 – 4 mm long, anthers 0.9 – 1.1 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament 2 – 2.5 (– 3) mm long, anther 0.6 – 0.8 mm long. Styles incurved, glabrous, 4 – 4.5 by 0.4 – 0.5 mm; apex of anterior style extended into a spur 0.1 – 0.3 mm long; apex of posterior styles extended into a spur 0.05 – 0.1 mm long. Ovary 1 – 1.5 mm long, densely villous. Samara butterfly-shaped; lateral wings 3.2 – 3.3 by 2 – 2.3 cm; dorsal wing a crest c. 1.5 mm high, coarsely dentate; nut subspherical, 4 – 5 mm diam, areole 2 – 2.3 mm diam. Mature seed not seen. Distribution — Coastal regions of western Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit and adjacent Sinaloa). Habitat & Phenology — In tropical deciduous and subdeciduous forest, and roadside thickets; sea level to 600 m; collected in flower in February, May to August (one collection from December), in fruit in June to August. Representative specimens. MEXICO, Colima, Mpio. Ixtlahuacán, brecha Ixtlahuacán-La Presa, 1 km NE de Ixtlahuacán, Santana & Cervantes 286 (IBUG, MICH). Guerrero, sea cliffs west of Acapulco, Clark 7178 (NY, US); Puerto Marqués, Acapulco, Sept. 1952, Ramírez C. s. n. (MEXU). Jalisco, Mpio. La Huerta, Estación de Biología de Chamela, 2 km SE sobre la carretera Puerto Vallarta-Barra de Navidad, Ayala 667 (CAS, MICH); Estación de Biología de Chamela, Bullock 1352 (MEXU, MICH, MO), 1585 (MICH, TEX); Mpio. La Huerta, km 56, carr. B. Navidad Pto. Vallarta, Bullock 1712 (CAS, MICH); Mpio. La Huerta, Los Angeles de Tenacatita, González & Gúzman 939 (MEXU); Mpio. La Huerta, Estación de Biología de Chamela, Magallanes 713 (MEXU, MICH), 2977 (MEXU, MICH, TEX). Michoacán, Mexican Hwy 200 between Playa Azul and Tecomán, Colima, 6 km W of Maruhuata, Miller & Téllez V. 3089 (MICH); trail from Atizupa to San Pedro N of Hwy 200, Murray & Johnson 1454 (MICH). Nayarit, Mpio. Tepic, Aguamilpa, 4 km antes La Presa, N 21 ° 40 ' W 104 ° 34 ', Flores F. 1859 (MICH); Tres Marías Islands, María Magdalena, 28 June 1963, Grant s. n. (DS); W of Ingenio, Gregg 1039 (MO); Mirador de Aguila, c. 14 mi N of Tepic, McVaugh 15257 (MICH); Acaponeta, Rose 1507 (GH, NY, US). Sinaloa, Rosario, 26 – 29 July 1897, Rose s. n. (US). Note — Hiraea mcvaughii is a species of the coastal regions of western Mexico and not sympatric with H. barclayana, with which it was commonly placed, often as ‘ H. velutina ’. It is readily separated from H. barclayana and H. reclinata by the persistent abaxial laminar pubescence composed of T-shaped hairs. The dense abaxial vesture of the youngest leaves thins quickly, and mature laminas bear T-shaped hairs with straight to wavy trabecula. The hairs are never appressed, as in H. reclinata, nor predominantly Y-shaped, as in H. barclayana.	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF9DFF936358FF6DFAC5F881.taxon	description	Hiraea obovata (Kunth) Nied. var. angustifolia Nied. (1906) 7. — Type: Tonduz 13955 (lecto, here designated US; isolecto K), Costa Rica, Guanacaste, dans les buissons à Nicoya, Jan. 1900. Hiraea borealis Nied. (1906) 5. — Hiraea borealis Nied. var. eglandulosa Nied. (1906) 6, nom. superfl. — Type: Gaumer 66 (holo B †; lecto, here designated K), Honduras, Islas de la Bahía, ‘ Island of Ruatan’ [Roatán], [1885]. Hiraea borealis Nied. var. glandulifera Nied. (1906) 6. — Type: Gaumer 67 (holo B †; lecto, here designated GH), Mexico, Quintana Roo, Cozumel Island, 20 Apr. 1885. [The duplicate at K has eglandular sepals.]	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF9DFF936358FF6DFAC5F881.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Western and southern Mexico, Central America, northern Colombia. Habitat & Phenology — In wet and dry primary and secondary forest, often along rivers and streams, also in thickets and scrub; sea level to 860 (– 1000) m; collected in flower and fruit mostly from January through June, a few flowering collections from September to November. Notes — Hiraea reclinata is greatly variable throughout its diverse habitats and broad range, from southern Mexico to northern Colombia. Typical plants have leaves with short petioles and elliptical to obovate, glabrous laminas with a cordate to auriculate base and a mucronate apex. The petiole bears a pair of glands at or near the apex, but occasionally the glands are absent, even among some leaves of the same branch. The stipules are usually borne at the middle to basal 1 / 4 of the petiole. The laminas of emergent leaves bear straight to wavy hairs that are mostly sessile or subsessile and are usually soon shed, more gradually abaxially than adaxially and sometimes patchily, but hairs are often retained on and along the costa and the proximal secondary veins abaxially. Whereas the adaxial vesture is initially dense, usually even the youngest leaves are abaxially only sparsely pubescent, except for the major veins and along the margins. Occasionally, the vesture is more tardily shed, and mature laminas are thinly and / or patchily sericeous (the epidermis always visible) abaxially or rarely on both surfaces (e. g., J. D. Smith 2547, Escuintla, Guatemala; Matuda 2181, Chiapas, Mexico). The inflorescence is a single ternate cyme of 4 - flowered umbels, which is commonly subsessile, but may be borne on an axis to 5 mm long. The peduncles bearing the umbels also are mostly short but occasionally measure 10 mm or more. Less variation is shown in the flowers, except in the ornamentation of the styles. In most flowers the styles bear a pronounced spur 0.2 – 0.3 mm long, that of the anterior is usually longer than those of the posterior styles; however, occasionally the spur is barely expressed and only c. 0.05 mm long. Niedenzu (1906) followed Jussieu (1840, 1843) and Grisebach (1860), who applied the name H. reclinata to collections from Trinidad and Tobago that belong to H. hookeriana, a species with distinctive bullate leaves and abaxial vesture composed of mostly T-shaped hairs. In his monograph of the family, Niedenzu (1928) changed his interpretation by adding three collections from Colombia: Schlim 524 (H. transiens) and H. H. Smith 1515, 1516 (H. reclinata). He used the name H. obovata for collections from Central America now assigned to H. reclinata and erected H. borealis to accommodate two Gaumer collections, from Roatán Island (Islas de la Bahía, Honduras) and Cozumel Island (Quintana Roo, Mexico). Hiraea borealis was subsequently often applied to specimens of H. reclinata from Mexico. A neotype is chosen here for H. reclinata, because no authentic material was found. Specimens of the neotype collection are all labelled as dating from March; the NY duplicate also carries the perforated collection tag with the years ‘ 1898 – 99 ’. An additional specimen at NY labelled H. H. Smith 1508 is dated as ‘ May 30 ’ and not part of the neotype gathering. See Allen (1904) and Ayers & Boufford (1988) for details of H. H. Smith’s collecting activities in Colombia. Niedenzu (1906) cited two syntypes for H. obovata var. angustifolia, J. D. Smith 2554 from Guatemala and Tonduz 13955 from Costa Rica. Because his variety is defined by leaf and calyx characters, the duplicate of Tonduz 13955 at US is here designated as lectotype. Niedenzu noted that the Guatemalan specimen he saw (now destroyed) lacked leaves.	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF9FFF956358F857FACFFF1F.taxon	description	Hiraea sanctae­marthae C. V. Morton (1933) 87. — Type: Walker 1211 (holo US; iso MO, WIS), Colombia, Magdalena, Río Frío, Quebrada Rodríguez, Santa Marta, 15 Mar. 1925. Woody vine to 8 m or shrub to 3 m; stems densely sericeous when young, becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 6.5 – 20 by 3 – 8.5 cm, elliptical to obovate, apex mucronate, base slightly cordate, adaxially sericeous when very young, soon glabrous, abaxially densely silvery sericeous and the epidermis hidden, hairs 0.3 – 1.2 mm long, sessile or subsessile, straight or wavy, with age the vesture thinning and older laminas becoming thinly sericeous and eventually glabrate; margin without glands or sometimes with a few scattered glands c. 0.2 mm diam near apex; costa and secondary veins not or slightly impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially. Petioles 3 – 8 by c. 2 mm, densely sericeous, with a pair of glands at apex, each gland 0.7 – 1.2 mm long. Stipules 1.5 – 3 mm long, borne at base of petiole. Inflorescences solitary axillary ternate cymes of 4 - flowered umbels; umbel without a gland in the centre; inflorescence axis 0 – 1.5 mm long, bracts 0.8 – 1.7 and wide; central peduncle 1 – 6 mm long; lateral axis 0 – 0.5 mm long, subtended by bracts 1.2 – 2 mm long and wide; lateral peduncles 0.5 – 7.5 mm long; bracts and bracteoles subtending pedicels 1 – 2 mm and wide, triangular; pedicels 11 – 25 by c. 0.3 mm; axes, abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles, and pedicels densely sericeous. Sepals 1.8 – 2.2 by 1 – 1.5 mm, triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands c. 1.5 mm long, prominent, or all sepals eglandular, or all sepals glandular. Petals yellow, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 2 – 2.5 mm long, limb of anterior-lateral petals 5.5 – 6.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire, limb of posterior-lateral petals 5 – 5.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin minutely and irregularly denticulate, especially distally, sometimes subentire; posterior petal with the claw c. 2.5 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb c. 5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin irregularly dentate-fimbriate, teeth / fimbriae 0.2 – 0.3 (– 0.5) mm long. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament 3.5 – 5 mm long, anther 1.1 – 1.3 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments 3 – 4 mm long, anthers 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3.5 – 4 mm long, anthers 1 – 1.3 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments 2.5 – 3 mm long, anthers (0.5 –) 0.8 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3 – 4 mm long, anthers 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament 2 – 2.5 mm long, anther 0.5 – 0.6 mm long. Styles incurved, glabrous, 3 – 3.5 by 0.4 – 0.5 mm; apex of anterior style extended into a spur c. 0.3 mm long; apex of posterior styles extended into a spur 0.1 – 0.2 mm long. Ovary 1 – 1.5 mm long, densely villous. Mature samara not seen; immature samara butterfly-shaped, dorsal wing present. Distribution — Northern Colombia (Atlántico, Cesar, Magdalena). Habitat & Phenology — In dry forest and thickets; sea level to 200 m; collected in flower in April and October, in young fruit in May. Notes — Flowering and fruiting specimens of H. sanctae­marthae are easily distinguished from all other species here discussed by the silvery appressed vesture on the abaxial surface of the laminas, which is so dense that the epidermis is hidden. Yet, this distinctive vesture eventually thins. Old leaves become abaxially thinly sericeous to eventually glabrate; they may appear glabrous to the unaided eye and lead to confusion with H. reclinata. The retained hairs are generally aligned and parallel, unlike in H. reclinata, where the retained hairs are scattered. Also, in H. sanctae­marthae the stipules are at the base of the petiole. Three collections by Gentry and collaborators from Cesar are sterile and show the transition of the abaxial indumentum. This change is especially well shown in Gentry et al. 60742 (MO), which consists of two branches, one of which terminates in a young internode with a smaller leaf that shows the typical dense vesture; the other leaves show the gradual thinning. Such an abrupt change in abaxial vesture from very dense to glabrescent or glabrous is also observed in some other species of Hiraea, e. g., H. idroboana Cuatrec., H. buntingii W. R. Anderson, and other Malpighiaceae, e. g., Stigmaphyllon crenatum C. E. Anderson (C. Anderson 1997). Collections of H. sanctae­marthae with the dense abaxial vesture evident have been misidentified as H. velutina, and those in which the vesture was not obvious as H. hookeriana or H. reclinata. The holotype and WIS isotype are numbered ‘ 1211 ’, but the MO duplicate is numbered ‘ 11 ’. All other data agree, and the specimens appear to be from the same gathering.	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF99FF946359FEEDFA42F987.taxon	description	Differt a H. ternifolia foliis oppositis, stylis basi pubescentibus, et petalo postico late triangulari, c. 4 mm longo et lato. — Type: Lobo et al. 307 (holo MICH; iso MG), Brazil, Maranhão, Mpio. Santa Luzia, margens da estrada da Fazenda Cacique já próximo a ferrovia Carajás, 17 Mar. 1983. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the forest habitat. Scandent shrub to 5 m; stems densely sericeous when young, becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 6.5 – 17.5 by 3.5 – 12 cm, elliptical to obovate, apex obtuse- or emarginate-mucronate or sometimes apiculate, base acute to truncate, adaxially sericeous when very young, soon glabrous, abaxially velutinous, hairs V- or Y-shaped, stalk to 0.05 mm long, arms 0.1 – 0.2 mm long; margin with scattered glands 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam in distal 1 / 4 – 3 / 4 or only a few near apex or glands absent; costa and secondary veins not impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially. Petioles 7 – 15.5 by 1.5 – 2 mm, densely velutinous, with a pair of glands at apex to 1.5 mm below apex, each gland 0.7 – 1 mm long. Stipules 2 – 3 mm long, borne at middle to basal 1 / 4 of petiole. Inflorescences solitary axillary ternate cymes of 4 - flowered umbels; umbel without a gland in the centre; inflorescence axis 0.5 – 1 mm long, bracts c. 1 mm long and wide; lateral peduncles sessile like the central one; peduncles 2 – 5 mm long; bracts and bracteoles subtending pedicels 1 – 1.2 by 0.8 – 1 mm; pedicels 10 – 13 by c. 0.5 mm; axes, abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles, and pedicels densely sericeous. Sepals 1.7 – 1.8 by c. 2 mm, broadly triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands c. 1.5 mm long. Petals yellow, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 2 – 2.3 mm long, limb of anterior-lateral petals c. 6 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire, limb of posterior-lateral petals c. 5.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire; posterior petal with the claw c. 3 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb c. 4 mm long and wide, broadly triangular, margin glandular-digitate-fimbriate, fimbriae to 0.4 (– 0.5) mm long. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament c. 2.5 mm long, anther c. 1.1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments c. 2.1 mm long, anthers c. 1.1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments c. 2.5 mm long, anthers c. 1.1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments c. 2 mm long, anthers c. 0.9 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments c. 2.5 mm long, anthers c. 1 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament c. 1.6 mm long, anther c. 0.6 mm long. Styles incurved, 3 – 3.5 by c. 0.3 mm, anterior style with scattered hairs in the proximal 1 / 3 – 1 / 2, apex extended into a spur c. 0.2 mm long; posterior styles with scattered hairs in the proximal 1 / 4, apex extended into a spur c. 0.1 mm long. Ovary c. 1 mm long, densely villous. Mature samara not seen; immature samara butterfly-shaped, dorsal wing present. Distribution — Brazil (Maranhão, Pará). Habitat & Phenology — In forest; collected in flower in March, in young fruit in October. Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL, Maranhão, Mpio. Grajaú, 52 km S of Arame, 78 km N of Grajaú along Hwy 006, S 05 ° 12 ' W 46 ° 12 ', Schatz et al. 928 (MG, MICH). Pará, Serra dos Carajás, Serra Norte, 5 km NE of AMZA Exploration Camp, c. S 06 ° W 50 ° 15 ', Berg et al. 542 (MICH). Note — Collections of H. silvicola were tentatively placed with H. ternifolia only because the laminas are abaxially persistently though finely velutinous. The hairs that compose the vesture range from sessile (V-shaped) to having a tiny stalk at most 0.05 mm long (Y-shaped); T-shaped hairs are absent. Hiraea silvicola also differs in its opposite phyllotaxy, leaves, and inflorescences. The laminas are adaxially sericeous when young and not bullate when mature. The inflorescence is a solitary ternate cyme with all umbels 4 - flowered. In most species the lateral peduncles are usually borne on a rudimentary lateral axis, but in H. silvicola the peduncles are all sessile (Fig. 6 d).	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF98FF966358F956FC60FA93.taxon	description	Hiraea ternifolia (Kunth) A. Juss. (1840) 257. — Malpighia ternifolia Kunth (1822 ‘ 1821 ’) 146. — Hiraea ternifolia (Kunth) A. Juss. var. granatensis Nied. (1906) 10, nom. superfl. — Hiraea ternifolia (Kunth) A. Juss. var. granatensis Nied. subvar. humboldtiana Nied. (1906) 10, nom. superfl. — Type: Humboldt & Bonpland s. n. (holo P-HBK; iso P), Colombia, Cundinamarca, prope Pandi. Hiraea ternifolia (Kunth) A. Juss. var. eglandulosa Triana & Planch. (1862) 330. — Type: Triana s. n. [5568 - 3] (lecto, designated by Cuatrecasas 1958: P; isolecto BR, COL, G, K, MO, NY, US), Colombia, Tolima, Mariquita, entre Piedras et Ibagué. Hiraea platytriphylla Hochr. (1910) 276. — Type: Holton 802 (lecto, designated by W. R. Anderson 2007 a: NY; isolecto G, GH, K), Colombia, ‘ Magdalena’. Woody vine to 2 m or small tree to 6 m; stems densely velutinous when young, becoming glabrous. Leaves ternate or sometimes opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 7 – 19 by 3.5 – 9.5 cm, elliptical to slightly obovate, apex mucronate or apiculate, base truncate to slightly cordate, mature laminas coriaceous and bullate, adaxially velutinous, eventually glabrescent, abaxially velutinous, hairs mostly Y-shaped but mixed with V-shaped hairs, stalk of Y-shaped hairs to 0.02 – 0.2 mm long, arms of V- and Y-shaped hairs 0.05 – 0.4 mm long, often unequal; margin with scattered glands 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam in distal 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 (– 1 / 2); costa and secondary veins impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially. Petioles 6 – 25 by 2 – 3.5 mm, densely velutinous, with a pair of glands at apex to 2 mm below apex, each gland 1 – 1.2 mm long. Stipules 2.5 – 5.5 mm long, borne usually at the middle or sometimes to basal 1 / 3 of the petiole (or nearer the base; Chocó, Darién). Inflorescences 1 – 2 per leaf axil, basically a ternate cyme bearing 4 – 6 - flowered umbels but often additionally branched, the most complex (Fig. 7 e) composed of three ternate units (Fig. 7 f), at times not all axes expressed and the inflorescence then various; umbels without a gland in the centre, sometimes loosely arranged and bearing the 5 th and / or 6 th pedicel and associated bract and bracteoles on the peduncle below the 4 terminal flowers; inflorescence axis 0 – 9.5 mm long, bracts 1.5 – 2.5 mm long and wide; secondary axes 0 – 5.5 mm long, subtended by bracts 1.2 – 2 mm long and wide; peduncles 0.5 – 9 mm long; pedicels 18 – 30 (to 35 mm in fruit) by 0.4 – 0.5 mm, densely covered with sessile to T-shaped hairs (stalk to 0.1 mm); axes and abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles densely sericeous. Sepals 2.2 – 2.5 mm long and wide, triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands 1.5 – 1.6 mm long, or all sepals eglandular. Petals yellow, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 2.5 – 3 mm long, limb of anterior-lateral petals 7 – 8 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire to irregularly shallowly denticulate, teeth to 0.05 (– 0.1) mm long; limb of posterior-lateral petals 6 – 7 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin denticulate, teeth to 0.3 (– 0.5) mm long; posterior petal with the claw 3 – 3.5 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb 5.5 – 6.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin glandular-digitate-fimbriate, fimbriae to 0.8 (– 1) mm long, longest at apex. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament 3.5 – 4.5 mm long, anther 1.2 – 1.3 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments 3 – 4 mm long, anthers 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3.3 – 3.7 mm long, anthers 1 – 1.2 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments 2.5 – 3.5 mm long, anthers 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3 – 3.1 mm long, anthers 1 – 1.1 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament 2 – 2.8 mm long, anther 0.6 – 0.7 mm long. Styles glabrous, 3 – 3.7 by 0.4 – 0.5 mm; anterior style slightly incurved, apex extended into a spur 0.1 – 0.2 mm long; posterior styles incurved, apex extended into a spur 0.05 – 0.1 mm long. Ovary 1 – 1.5 mm long, densely villous. Samara butterfly-shaped; lateral wings 2.8 – 3.2 by 2 – 2.2 cm; dorsal wing or crest 0.2 – 5.5 mm high, coarsely dentate; nut subspherical, 4.5 – 5.5 mm diam, areole 2.2 – 3 mm diam. Embryo subspherical to spherical, 4.5 – 4.7 mm diam. Distribution — Panama (Darién), Colombia (Cesar, Cundinamarca, Chocó, Meta, Norte de Santander, Tolima), Venezuela (Mérida). Habitat & Phenology — Lowland forest; 150 – 1700 m; collected in flower February to May, July, September, and December, in fruit in March, May, September, and November. Notes — Hiraea ternifolia is unusual in its ternate phyllotaxy, complex inflorescences, and the velutinous vesture covering nearly all vegetative structures. As a rule the leaves are ternate but sometimes are opposite. For example, Lehmann 4636 is one of two syntype collections of H. velutina; the duplicate that Niedenzu saw at B (destroyed, photo F) consists of a leafy branch that is ternate, and a leafless flowering sprig with opposite leaf scars. The duplicates at K and US consist of branches with opposite leaves. Another example is found among the duplicates of Whitefoord & Eddy 486. The sheet at F consists of three branches, one of which has opposite leaves; the specimens at MEXU and MO are all ternate. The ternate arrangement is also found in the compound inflorescences, which may be triternate (Fig. 7 e); however, not all axes are necessarily expressed, and the inflorescences vary from ternate cymes to variously branched complex units. The central umbel is usually 4 - flowered, but the lateral umbels are often 6 - flowered, as is sometimes the central umbel as well. The laminas are velutinous on both surfaces; the adaxial vesture is eventually sloughed off though mostly retained on the costa, but the abaxial hairs are persistent. Mature laminas are bullate, with the costa and secondary veins deeply impressed adaxially. Cuatrecasas (1958) indicated the COL duplicate of Triana s. n. [5568 - 3] as isotype of Hiraea ternifolia var. eglandulosa. Yet, this collection is one of three syntypes cited by Triana & Planchon (1862), and therefore Cuatrecasas’s choice is one of lectotypification. Triana’s and Planchon’s types for the names published in 1862 are at P, and the specimen at P is thus the lectotype.	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF9AFF8B6359FA60FD63FBD3.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Northern Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Norte de Santander) and northern Venezuela (Distrito Federal, Mi- randa). Habitat & Phenology — In forest, one collection (Acevedo et al. 6863) from mangrove swamp; sea level to 200 m; collected in flower in February to April, June, September, November; in young fruit in February. Note — Hiraea transiens is partly sympatric with H. reclinata and is often misidentified as that species (or ‘ H. obovata ’). The abaxial surface of the lamina looks glabrous to the naked eye but is covered with tiny appressed hairs, mostly 0.1 – 0.2 mm long. The hairs are eventually abraded. The oldest leaves are mostly glabrous, although often some hairs are retained along the costa and secondary veins, especially toward the base. Hiraea transiens also differs from H. reclinata in its biternate inflorescences, which sometimes bear one or two additional pedunculate umbels below the lateral axes (Fig. 8 d).	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF87FF8B6017FBA0FB1AF810.taxon	description	Differt a H. ternifolia foliis oppositis, laminae adaxaliter sericeae, et petalo postico margine apice digitato-fimbriato basi denticulato. — Type: Barclay et al. 3474 (holo US; iso COL, US, WAG), Colombia, Cundinamarca, S of Silvania on toll road to Fusagasugá, near km 37, turn W and proceed for 4 km on road to Tibacuy, 1300 m, 30 May 1972. Hiraea ternifolia (Kunth) A. Juss. var. robustior Cuatrec. (1958) 401. — Type: García­Barriga 12313 (holo US; iso COL, US), Colombia, Cundinamarca, al oeste de Guadas, camino de herradura entre Guadas y el Alto de Aguaclara, hacienda ‘ Paramillo’, 1040 – 1320 m, 24 July 1947. Hiraea ternifolia (Kunth) A. Juss. var. robustior Cuatrec. forma glandulosa Cuatrec. (1958) 401. — Type: Mutis 2060 (holo US; iso MA, online image), Colombia, without locality. Etymology. The specific epithet honours José Jerónimo Triana (1834 – 1890), whose collections and writings greatly advanced comprehension of the Colombian flora. Woody vine to 30 m; stems densely sericeous when young, becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 7.5 – 17 by 4.5 – 9.5 cm, elliptical, apex mucronate, base truncate to slightly cordate, mature laminas coriaceous and bullate, adaxially with sessile to subsessile hairs when young, soon glabrescent to glabrous but with some hairs retained on and along the costa and secondary veins, abaxially velutinous mixed with scattered T-shaped hairs, stalk to 0.2 mm long, arms of Y-shaped hairs 0.1 – 0.3 mm long, trabecula of T-shaped hairs 0.5 – 1.5 mm long, often crisped and intertwined; margin with scattered glands 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam in distal 1 / 4 – 1 / 2; costa and secondary veins impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially. Petioles 11 – 23 by 2 – 3 mm, densely velutinous, with a pair of glands at apex to 3 mm below apex, each gland 0.8 – 1.3 mm long, sometimes glands absent. Stipules 2.2 – 4 mm long, borne at middle to distal 1 / 4 of petiole. Inflorescences 1 – 2 axillary ternate cymes, central umbel 4 - flowered, lateral umbels 4 – 6 - flowered; umbel without a gland in the centre; inflorescence axis 1 – 4.5 mm long, bracts 1.5 – 1.8 mm long and wide; all peduncles sessile but the laterals ones often with a bract c. 1.5 mm long near the base; peduncles 2.5 – 13.5 mm long; bracts and bracteoles subtending pedicels 1.5 – 2 by 1.3 – 1.5 mm; pedicels 19 – 26 by 0.5 – 10 mm, densely covered with sessile to T-shaped hairs (stalk to 0.1 mm); axes and abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles densely sericeous. Sepals 2.2 – 2.8 mm long and wide, triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands 1 – 1.5 mm long, or all sepals eglandular. Petals yellow, limb of posterior petal streaked with red, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 2.5 – 3 mm long, limb of anterior-lateral petals c. 8 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire, limb of posterior-lateral petals c. 7 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin finely denticulate distally, teeth to 0.1 mm long, subentire proximally; posterior petal with the claw 3.5 – 4 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb 6 – 6.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin glandular-digitate-fimbriate at apex, fimbriae to 0.8 (– 1) mm long, grading into denticulate toward the base, the teeth decreasing in size, erose near the base. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament c. 4 mm long, anther c. 1.3 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments c. 3.5 mm long, anthers 1.2 – 1.3 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments c. 3.8 mm long, anthers c. 1.2 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments 2.7 – 3 mm long, anthers 1.2 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3.5 – 3.8 mm long, anthers c. 1 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament c. 2.5 mm long, anther c. 0.9 mm long. Styles glabrous, 3.5 – 3.7 by 0.4 – 0.5 mm; anterior style slightly incurved, apex extended into a spur 0.1 – 0.2 mm long; posterior styles incurved, apex extended into a spur 0.05 – 0.1 mm long. Ovary c. 1.5 mm long, densely villous. Samara not seen. Distribution — Colombia (Cundinamarca, Norte de Santan- der, Tolima). Habitat & Phenology — In forest; 600 – 1320 m; collected in flower in May and July. Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA, Cundinamarca, Junca, 1200 m, Triana 3377 (G, K). Norte de Santander, ‘ Provincia de Ocaña’, Schlim 324 ó 712 (COL). Tolima, Mariquita, 600 m, Triana 1202 (US). Without locality, Mutis 5772 (US). Notes — Hiraea trianae was first described by Cuatrecasas (1958) as a variety of H. ternifolia, with which it shares abaxially velutinous leaves. It is here elevated to species level. It differs from H. ternifolia by its abaxial laminar pubescence, composed of sessile to subsessile hairs. The initially dense vesture is sloughed off in patches, and older leaves are glabrescent to eventually glabrous, though some hairs of usually retained along the costa. None of the collections seen exhibit ternate phyllotaxy. The inflorescence is a simple ternate cyme, one or two per leaf axil. The posterior petal is glandular-digitate-fimbriate only at the apex; the rest of the margin grades from denticulate to erose toward the base. Cuatrecasas named his variety ‘ robustior’ to emphasize the thicker inflorescence axes and pedicels evident in the collections he saw. Yet, all of those have young inflorescences in bud or the flowers beginning to open. As inflorescences mature, the pedicels elongate and become thinner. This transition is well shown in the holotype. The type collection, Barclay et al. 3474, was distributed as annotated by Cuatrecasas as H. sclerophylla Cuatrec., doubtlessly owing to an unfortunate error in handling annotation labels. Hiraea sclerophylla is immediately separated from H. trianae by the appressed abaxial laminar vesture.	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
03FD8781FF81FF8D6017FF6DFB94FC47.taxon	description	Differt a H. reclinata umbellis lateralibus floribus (5 –) 6; laminae foliorum majorum basi cuneatae vel anguste truncatae, abaxaliter pilos T-formes et pilos appressos ferens. — Type: C. Benítez de Rojas 2739 (holo MICH; iso F, VEN), Venezuela, Aragua, Dtto. Girardot, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, por la vía hacia Choroní, vertiente sur, 1000 – 1200 m, 19 May 1980. Woody vine, small shrub, or treelet; stems sericeous when young, soon glabrous. Leaves opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 6 – 17 by 2.5 – 7 cm, elliptical to oblanceolate, apex acute to rounded, mucronate, base cuneate to briefly truncate in largest laminas, adaxially sericeous when very young, soon glabrous, abaxially with a sparse mixture of subsessile and mostly T-shaped hairs, eventually glabrescent, the oldest glabrous but often some hairs retained on and along the costa and secondary veins, stalk of hairs 0.05 – 0.1 mm long, trabecula 0.5 – 1.5 mm long, straight or wavy; margin with scattered glands 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam in distal 1 / 4 – 1 / 2 or sometimes only near apex or eglandular; costa and secondary veins not or slightly impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially. Petioles (6.5 –) 7 – 15 (– 21) by 1 – 2 mm, densely sericeous, with a pair of glands at apex or up to 1.5 (– 2) mm below apex, each gland 0.5 – 1 mm long. Stipules 1.8 – 4 mm long, borne at middle to distal 1 / 3 of petiole. Inflorescences 1 – 2 axillary ternate and sometimes also biternate cymes; inflorescence axis 0.5 – 3.5 mm long, bracts 0.8 – 2 by 0.8 – 1.5 mm; lateral axes 1 – 2 mm long, subtended by bracts 0.5 – 0.7 mm long and wide; in ternate cymes peduncles 1.5 – 6.5 mm long, the central peduncle usually shorter than the lateral two, central umbel 4 - flowered, lateral umbels (5 –) 6 - flowered; in biternate cymes the tertiary axes 1 – 2 mm long, bearing peduncles 1 – 2 mm long and subtended by bracts 0.7 by 0.5 mm, central and lateral umbel 4 - flowered; umbels without a gland in the centre; bracts and bracteoles subtending pedicels 1 – 2 by 0.8 – 1.5 mm; pedicel (8 –) 17 – 22 (– 25) by 0.4 – 0.5 mm; axes, abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles, and pedicels densely sericeous. On leafless branches, inflorescences often crowded and condensed, sessile to subsessile, pedicels 8 – 11 mm long. Sepals 1.8 – 2 mm long and wide, triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands 1.5 – 1.8 mm long, or all sepals eglandular. Petals yellow, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw c. 2 mm long; limb of anterior-lateral petals 6.5 – 7 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire, limb of posterior-lateral petals 5.5 – 6.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin subentire but apex irregularly dentate, teeth to 0.2 mm long; posterior petal with the claw 3 – 3.5 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb 5 – 5.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin glandularfimbriate, fimbriae to 0.4 (– 5) mm long. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament 3 – 3.5 mm long, anther c. 1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments c. 2.5 – 3 mm long, anthers c. 0.9 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3 – 3.3 mm long, anthers 0.9 – 1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments 2.3 – 2.5 mm long, anthers 0.8 – 0.9 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments 2.5 – 3 mm long, anthers 0.8 – 0.9 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament 2 – 2.2 mm long, anther c. 0.6 mm long. Styles incurved, glabrous; anterior style 3.3 – 3.7 by 0.4 – 0.5 mm, apex extended into a spur 0.1 – 0.2 mm long; posterior styles 3.2 – 3.5 by 0.4 – 0.5 mm, apex extended into a spur 0.05 – 0.1 mm long. Ovary c. 1.5 mm long, densely villous. Samara butterfly-shaped; lateral wings 2.5 – 3 by 1.7 – 2.5 cm; dorsal wing a crest to 1.2 mm high, coarsely dentate or denticulate; nut subspherical, 4 – 4.5 mm diam, areole 2 – 2.5 mm diam. Embryo spherical, 4 – 4.5 mm diam. Distribution — Northern Venezuela (Aragua, Barinas, Lara, Yaracuy). Habitat & Phenology — In forest, matorral, and at roadsides; sea level to 1300 m; collected in flower in April and May, in fruit in April through August. Additional specimens examined. VENEZUELA, Aragua, Rancho Grande, Parque Nacional, Badillo 1999 (MY); 4 – 5 km NE de Bahía de Cata, por la vía hacia Cuyagua, Carnevali et al. 513 (VEN); along R. Chuao, Pittier 12180 (A, NY, US, VEN); Dtto. Girardot, carretera Cata-Cuyaga, Romero 567 (MY); Dtto. Girardot, carretera Maracay-Ocumare de la Costa, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Romero 574 (MY). Barinas, vicinity of Barinitas, Lasser 44 (US); Quebrada de Paranguleta, Lasser 66 (VEN). Lara, entre La Piedad y Sarare, Saer 423 (F, VEN); enter Cujicito y Sarare, Saer 454 (F, VEN). Yaracuy, Dtto. Nirgua, San Vincente, Benítez de Rojas 2367 (MO, MY, VEN); 5 km N of Salom, Gentry & Puig­Ross 14386 (MICH, VEN). Note — Hiraea venezuelana is distinctive in its inflorescences. The ternate cymes, 1 – 2 per leaf axil, bear (5 –) 6 flowers in the lateral umbels. Leafless flowering branches may have some condensed biternate cymes mixed in among the ternate cymes (e. g., Pittier 12180, Romero 574, Saer 423). In such biternate cymes, all umbels are 4 - flowered, and the most distal umbels are essentially sessile (Fig. 10 c). Hiraea venezuelana superficially resembles H. reclinata, but the young laminas are abaxially covered with a mixture of sessile, subsessile, and T-shaped hairs. In H. reclinata the hairs are appressed, and all umbels are 4 - flowered. The petioles of H. venezuelana have a pair of glands sometimes at the apex but mostly on the petiole, up to 2 mm below the apex, and the pair of stipules is placed at the middle to the distal 1 / 3.	en	Anderson, C. (2016): Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them. Blumea 61 (2): 125-146, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X692906, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x692906
