identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F9A551FF9CD2659BF84D7FFC2B02E0.text	03F9A551FF9CD2659BF84D7FFC2B02E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stelis guerrerensis Soto Arenas & R. Solano. A. Habit. B. Flower 2014	<div><p>Stelis guerrerensis Soto Arenas &amp; R.Solano,  sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 4A)</p><p>Similar to  Stelis pachyglossa (Lindl.) Pridgeon &amp; M.W.Chase from which it differs by its smaller and caespitose habit, arching inflorescence, smaller flowers, lateral sepals united with each other to their apices, and distribution.</p><p>Type:— MEXICO. Guerrero: municipio Atoyac de Alvarez,  El Molote, selva perennifolia de montaña, ca. 1600 m elev., prensado de material cultivado, 18 Sep. 2006,  Santiago in Salazar 6739 (MEXU!)  .</p><p>Epiphytic, erect, caespitose herbs, up to 50 cm tall including inflorescence. Roots flexuose, whitish, 0.3–0.6 mm in diameter. Rhizome 3–6 cm long between adjacent stems, 3 cm in diameter, covered by scarious sheaths. Stems unifoliate, subterete, formed by two internodes, 4.0– 11.5 cm long, 1.4–1.8 mm in diameter, with an annulus 3.0– 3.5 mm below apex, completely covered by tubular, oblique, obtuse, carinate, overlapping, and scarious sheaths. Leaf elliptic, acute or obtuse, shortly bilobed at apex and with a minute mucro between lobes, 5.0–13.0 × 1.5–4.2 cm; blade conduplicate, pale green on the adaxial surface, grayish green and carinate abaxially, the base attenuate into a conduplicate petiole, 0.7–1.7 mm long. Inflorescence arising from the annulus of stem, racemose, erect, as long as leaf, 6.5-8.5 cm long; peduncle terete, 3.5–4.0 cm long, 0.3–0.4 mm in diameter, green, densely suffused with purple; rachis gradually lengthening at apex, with up to six successively opening flowers, enclosed at base by a conduplicate, triangular, acute, scarious, carinate bract and provided with two other tubular, obtuse bracts, 3.4– 4.5 mm long. Floral bracts tubular, oblique, obtuse, apiculate, 3.4–3.7 mm long. Flowers bilabiate, laterally compressed, 11–12 mm long, 7.5–10 mm wide, sepals and petals greenish yellow to orange, purple along veins, medial lobe of lip yellow-cream, tinged densely with purple, the lateral ones translucent, column yellowish green suffused with dark purple, the foot white, anther yellowish green. Ovary obconic, subtrigonous, green and densely purple-tinged, 3.0– 3.3 mm long, 0.8–1.2 mm in diameter; pedicel subterete-conic, 2.0– 5.6 mm long, 0.5 mm in diameter. Dorsal sepal directed upward and above column, cymbiform, recurved at apex, 12.0 × 4.5–5.5 mm, approximately ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, three-veined, shortly keeled along veins, microscopically ciliate; lateral sepals fully connate into a concave-caliculate, ovate, acute synsepal, shortly bifid at apex, six or sevenveined, two-keeled, microscopically ciliate, 10.0–12.0 × 6.5–7.0 mm. Petals porrect, slightly arching, obliquely obovate, obtuse, thickened at apex, the distal margin involute-subcalitrate and forming a fovea, distally convex, proximally subcuneate, pilose-papillose on adaxial surface, papillose-verrucose toward apex on abaxial surface, three-four-veined, 6.3–6.5 × 3.4–3.5 mm. Lip 8.3–9.0 mm long, 2.4 mm wide, trilobed, lateral lobes basal and embracing column, auricled, erect, retrorse, triangular-ovate, rounded, 1.5 × 2 mm, midlobe much larger than lateral lobes, reflexed to near base, lingulate, rounded, densely glandular-papillose on entire surface, with two parallel and erect keels on adaxial surface extending from lateral lobes up to the middle, channeled among them, distal part (without keels) 4.5 × 2.0– 2.2 mm, straight, apically rounded and thickened, with a callus that extends from the base up to the middle between the lateral lobes, canaliculate, 6.0 × 0.6 mm. Column 2.2–2.6 mm long, 0.8–1.0 mm wide at stigma level, much longer than lip, slightly arching, attenuate towards apex, ventrally channeled, adaxially with margins extended, column foot present, foveolate, papillose, 1.0–1.5 × 0.8 mm, clinandrium projecting, concave, distally incurved, triangular, truncate and emarginate at apex, 0.8 mm long, stigmatic cavity ventral, quadrate-elliptic, viscous, 0.4 × 0.4 mm, rostellum galeate, covering stigma, semi-ovoid, yellow, anther galeate, ventral, truncate and papillose-dentate at apex, incompletely divided inside by a pair of septa, 0.7–0.8 × 0.6-0.7 mm, pollinarium 0.4 mm long, consisting of two obovoid, compressed, yellow pollinia, each 0.4 × 0.25 mm, attached to two granulose, flake-like caudicles, 0.1 mm long. Capsule not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —Endemic to Mexico in the Transverse Volcanic Belt (Temascaltepec area, Mexico State) and Sierra Madre del Sur (Teotepec area, Guerrero), two biogeographic provinces separated by the Balsas Depression (Fig. 5). It grows as an epiphyte in forests of  Quercus candicans (Née;  Fagaceae),  Alnus jorullensis (Kunth;  Betulaceae),  Pinus montezumae (Lamb.;  Pinaceae) and  Pinus teocote (Schltdl. &amp; Cham.;  Pinaceae) in the Teotepec area or in oak-pine forest in Temascaltepec area, 1900–2500 m.</p><p>Phenology:— Flowering from June to January but mostly June to August.</p><p>Etymology:— The specific name refers to the Mexican state where the species was first recorded.</p><p>Additional specimens examined: —   MEXICO. Guerrero: Municipio General Helidoro Castillo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.436666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.2/lat 17.436666)">Puerto de la Piedra Acanalada</a>, 17º26’12” N, 100º12’ W, 1950 m elev., Soto &amp; Salazar sub Laboratorio de Biogeografia 783 (FCME!) ;   Mexico State: Temascaltepec,  camino de terraceria Telpintla a Jesus del Monte, 2.5 km al SW de Jesus del Monte, 19°06’11.8’’, 100°00’5.04’’, 2200 m elev., 25 Septiembre 2009, Lopez-Patiño s.n. (MEXU! photo)  .</p><p>Comments:— This taxon appears to be a vicariant of  Stelis pachyglossa (Lindley; 1840: 68) Pridgeon &amp; M.W.Chase (2001: 265), a common and widespread species in Mexico and Central America with populations distributed along the Sierra Madre Oriental, trans-isthmic mountains, and both mountain ranges in Chiapas. Furthermore,  S. pachyglossa is differentiated by its less caespitose habit, broader leaves, longer inflorescence, and lateral sepals fused into a deeply bifid synsepal.  Stelis guerrerensis also differs by its more calyptrate and warty petals on the outer surface and broader callus of the lip.</p><p>Conservation status:— Not evaluated by the IUCN Red List or the Method of Evaluation of Extinction Risk for Mexican wild species. Apparently the species is threatened by its restricted distribution (known from only three localities) and locally scarce populations. Moreover, its habitat, formerly abundant in Guerrero, has been severely affected in the last 30 years by the establishment of milpas, coffee plantations, and even poppy crops. Currently, it has virtually disappeared and is limited to canyons and steep mountain slopes. The population in Temascaltepec was recently discovered where the habitat is inaccessible, and up to now it is well preserved (D.R. Szeszko and E. Lopez-Patiño, Tuluca, Comision Nacional Forestal, pers. comm.); the surrounding forests, however, are affected by the construction of farmhouses, logging, agriculture, and quarrying.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F9A551FF9CD2659BF84D7FFC2B02E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gomez, Rodolfo Solano	Gomez, Rodolfo Solano (2014): Three new species of Stelis (Orchidaceae; Pleurothallidinae) from Mexico. Phytotaxa 158 (3): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.3.5
03F9A551FF9FD2639BFD4BC1FD4701C8.text	03F9A551FF9FD2639BFD4BC1FD4701C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stelis kaiae R. Solano & C. Dietz. A. Habit, B. Detail 2014	<div><p>Stelis kaiae R.Solano &amp; C.Dietz,  sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 4B)</p><p>Stelis with elongate, stout stems, subsessile, elliptic leaves, folious spathaceous bract, raceme multi-flowered, much longer than the leaf, greenish, star-like flowers, ovate, 7-veined sepals with revolute margins, transversely elliptic petals, and obovateoblong lip.</p><p>Type:—   MEXICO. Chiapas, Municipio La Trinitaria,  area behind Lagos de Montebello on road to the Selva Lacandona, temperate rain forest, 1600 m elev., December 2008, Dietz 12401 (holotype OAX!,  isotype AMO!) .</p><p>Epiphytic, erect, caespitose herb, up to 38 cm tall including inflorescence. Roots flexuose, whitish. Stems unifoliate, terete, thickened toward apex, 11–14 cm long, 3.0– 3.5 mm in diameter, formed by two internodes, almost completely covered by narrow, scarious, tubular, obtuse, carinate, mucronate sheaths, inflated toward apex, with an annulus at 2.2–2.4 mm below the apex. Leaf erect to deflexed, elliptic, rounded, shortly bilobed at apex, with a minute mucro between lobules, blade slightly channeled, axially carinate, attenuate and conduplicate at base but not in a well-defined petiole; 13.8–15.0 × 4.2–5.5 cm. Inflorescence arising from annulus of stem, racemose, erect, longer than leaf, up to 24 cm long, peduncle terete, green, glabrous, 5 cm long, 2.3–3.0 mm in diameter, enclosed at base by a conduplicate, acute, scarious, carinate, spathaceous bract, 4.0– 4.5 mm long, provided with two or three bracts similar to floral bracts, tight, 4.75–4.85 mm long, the lower one hidden within the spathaceous bract; rachis elongate, flexuous, with 60–76 flowers arranged in two opposite rows, first opening at the base but simultaneously in flower. Floral bracts funnel-shape, narrow, broadly obtuse, apiculate, carinate, 2.25–4.40 mm long. Flowers extended, star-like, disposed at a right angle to rachis, 5.5–9.3 mm long, 3.5–5.2 mm wide, progressively smaller from base to apex, sepals and petals green and column and anther yellow. Ovary arching, subterete, thickened toward apex, glabrous, 2.2–3.0 mm long, 0.75–0.85 mm in diameter, articulate to a pedicel, 1.0– 2.8 mm long, 0.6 mm in diameter, arching to apex. Sepals shortly connate at base by 1.0– 1.4 mm to form a basal tube that houses the petals, lip, and column, then extended, inflexed, convex, with margins strongly revolute, minutely glandular-pilose on the adaxial surface; dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, seven-veined, 3.2–3.5 × 3.1–3.8 mm; lateral sepals obliquely ovate, obtuse, minutely mucronate, three-seven-veined, 3.0–4.8 × 2.4–2.8 mm long. Petals erect, slightly overlapping each other above column, concave, thickened at middle, transversely elliptic, broadly obtuse to rounded, attenuate toward base, granulose-crystalline along apical margin, three-veined, 1.4–1.7 × 0.8– 1.0 mm long. Lip obovate-oblong, rounded, truncate at base, three-veined, 0.9–1.0 × 0.9–1.0 mm; deeply excavate toward apex (glenion), the cavity delimited by a pair of approximate mammillate calli and a M-shaped callus that extends toward base. Column erect, broadened toward apex, narrowed near middle, apparently trilobed from above, footless, slightly carinate along dorsal surface, 0.95–1.10 mm long, 1.50– 1.40 mm wide; clinandrium trilobed and covering base of anther, stigma formed by two apical, erect lobes, with receptive surface perpendicular to column axis, shortly projected laterally, rostellum apical, laminar, triangular, erect after removal of anther, anther apical, incumbent, ovoid-cordiform, 0.5–0.6 mm long and wide, incompletely divided inside by a pair of septa, pollinarium consisting of two obovoid, oblique, yellow pollinia, 0.45 mm long and united to elastic and translucent caudicles. Capsule not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Mexico and possibly Guatemala. In Mexico it has been identified in only two localities, the Central Plateau of Chiapas and the high Lacandon Forest (Fig. 5). The species grows as an epiphyte in rain forests, 700–1600 m; plants have also been seen on trees within coffee farms established in this habitat.</p><p>Phenology:— In cultivated plants, flowering June to January, but most frequently October to December.</p><p>Etymology:— Named after Kaila Mahana Dietz Sagastume, daughter of one of the authors of this species.</p><p>Additional specimen examined:—   MEXICO. Chiapas: municipio Chilon,  Ramosil, in coffee farm derived from low mountain rain forest, December 2012, Hernandez s.n. (OAX!)  .</p><p>Comments:— The combination of subsessile and elliptic leaf, foliaceous and spathaceous bract, long raceme with green, star-like flowers, and sepals with revolute margins is unique among Mexican  Stelis species. Stelis magachlamys (Schlechter,1923: 108) Pupulin (2002: 74) is similar in habit, but it has a stouter peduncle, fewerflowered raceme, and different flowers. On the other hand,  Stelis vespertina R.Solano &amp; Soto Arenas (1993: 107) is similar, but it differs in its narrower leaves, well-defined petiole, and more extended flowers when they are fully opened (Solano, 1993). For a long time this species went unnoticed by botanists and was only recently discovered in an area that has been well explored and studied.</p><p>Conservation status:— Not evaluated by the IUCN Red List or the Method of Evaluation of Extinction Risk for wild species of Mexico. Currently the species is only found in two localities in Mexico. Although they are areas intended for biological conservation, the Montebello Lagoons National Park and the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, both have been affected by agriculture and intensive livestock practices, an increase in human settlements, and recently, the severe effects of climate change (Soto Arenas et al., 2007). The forests of Montebello Lagoons were almost totally burned in late 1990, and although they are currently recovering, problems of land tenure and the extraction of wild plants for illegal trade prevail.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F9A551FF9FD2639BFD4BC1FD4701C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gomez, Rodolfo Solano	Gomez, Rodolfo Solano (2014): Three new species of Stelis (Orchidaceae; Pleurothallidinae) from Mexico. Phytotaxa 158 (3): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.3.5
03F9A551FF99D2619BFD488DFB7F01C8.text	03F9A551FF99D2619BFD488DFB7F01C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stelis lapinerae Soto Arenas & R. Solano. A. Habit. B. Detail 2014	<div><p>Stelis lapinerae Soto Arenas &amp; R.Solano,  sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4C).</p><p>Type:— MEXICO. Michoacan: Municipio de Ziracuaretiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.950165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.932499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.950165/lat 19.932499)">pedregal de San Andres Corú</a>, bosque de encino, epífita sobre árbol seco. 19º55’57’’ N, 101º57’0.6’’ W, Septiembre 2013, Valdez s.n. (IEB!)  .</p><p>Similar to  Stelis ciliaris Lindl. from which it differs by its smaller plants, abbreviated stems, arching leaves, less floriferous raceme, not ciliate sepals, lateral sepals different and smaller than the dorsal one, and orbicular-obovate petals.</p><p>Epiphytic, erect, caespitose herbs, 10–13 cm tall including inflorescence. Roots flexuose, whitish, 0.8 mm in diameter. Stems unifoliate, fascicled, terete, formed by two internodes, 5–9 mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter, with an annulus 1.5 mm below apex, completely covered by tubular, scarious, obtuse, carinate, mucronate sheaths slightly widened towards the apex. Leaf channeled, arching, oblanceolate, rounded, shortly bilobed at apex, with a minute mucro between lobules, 1.5–4.0 × 0.5–0.6 cm; gradually attenuated toward base into a conduplicate petiole. Inflorescence arising from annulus of stem, racemose, erect, longer than leaf, 9.5–12.5 cm long; peduncle as long as leaf, straight, terete, 2.5 cm long, 0.7–0.8 mm in diameter, enclosed at base by a conduplicate, triangular, acute, scarious, carinate spathaceous bract, and provided with two or three bracts similar to the floral bracts, the lower one hidden within the spathaceous bract, 2.0– 2.5 mm long, rachis straight, with 9–15 flowers distichously arranged, overlapping, most flowers opening at the same time; floral bracts obliquely infundibular, obtuse, revolute at margins, 1.6 mm long. Flowers disposed at a right angle with respect to rachis, 5.6 × 3.4 mm, with red-wine sepals, petals, and column, cream-yellow at apex of petals and lip, anther yellow. Ovary obliquely obconic, subtrigonous, 0.7 mm long, 0.5 mm in diameter, articulate to a terete pedicel, as long as floral bract. Sepals fleshy, extended, convex, connate at base, fleshy, five-veined, minutely verruculose on adaxial surface, carinate along veins on abaxial surface; dorsal sepal free from the lateral ones, ovate, obtuse-rounded, 3.8 × 2.8 mm; lateral sepals different and smaller than the dorsal one, connate almost at the middle of their length, obliquely elliptic obtuse, 3.4–3.6 × 1.8–2.0 mm. Petals porrect, concave, thickened at the middle, orbicular-obovate, rounded, apically deflexed, attenuate toward base, one-veined, 0.8–1.0 × 0.9–1.0 mm. Lip arching in lateral view, thickened, minutely twoauricled at base, attached to column base by a membranous claw, orbicular-ovate, rounded, 0.9 x 0.7 mm, at the adaxial surface with an ovate cavity (glenion) delimited by a pair of approximate mammillate calli and an obtriangular callus that extends toward base. Column erect, broadened toward apex, narrowed near middle, extended ventrally at base, 0.8 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, clinandrium trilobed, covering base of anther, stigma subapical, slightly excavated, rostellum subapical, suberect, triangular, laminar, apically deflexed with removal of anther, anther apical, incumbent, transversely ovoid-ellipsoid, microscopically papillose, 0.4 × 0.7 mm, incompletely divided inside by a pair of septa, pollinarium consisting of two obovoid, oblique, yellow pollinia, 0.3 mm long, united to an elastic and translucent caudicle, this in turn embedded to a translucent drop. Capsule not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Endemic to Mexico. It has only been found in two nearby localities within a wellbotanized region (Fig. 5). The plant grows as an epiphyte in pine-oak or oak forests within rocky areas, 1800–1900 m.</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering September–November.</p><p>Etymology: —Named after Jeanne M. de Lapiner (1913–1993), American painter who lived in Morelia. She was an amateur orchid enthusiast, who in the 1970s published an illustrated booklet titled Orquideas de Michoacan.</p><p>Additional specimens examined: —   MEXICO. Michoacan: municipio Patzcuaro,  Pedregal del Coru, bosque de pino-encino, epifita, Octubre 2005, Soto 10425 (AMO!);   road Uruapan-Paztcuaro, November 1970, Bashor 1917 (AMO, photo!)  .</p><p>Comments:—  Stelis lapinerae was seen for the first time in the 1970s when Noble Bashor collected it near Uruapan. From these specimens are the only known photos showing an inflorescence superficially similar to  Lepanthopsis: flowers perpendicular to the rachis, sepals extended to form a platform, petals and lip reduced and thickened, and apical anther. In 2005 Miguel Soto collected live specimens of this species near Paztcuaro, which flowered in cultivation. Once analyzed, it was evident that it was a new species of  Stelis . The most similar species is  Stelis ciliaris Lindley (1837: 353); however, it is differentiated by larger plants, more floriferous raceme, resupinate flowers, ciliate sepals, and because its allopatric distribution in low to moderate elevations along the slopes bordering the Gulf of Mexico (Solano, 1993). Another similar species, at least in habit and present in that region of Michoacan, is  Stelis rufobrunnea (Lindley 1859: 217) Williams (1939: 188), but it has a raceme with looser, smaller, and shortly tubular flowers, and differently formed petals and lips.</p><p>Conservation status: —Not evaluated by the IUCN Red List or the Method of Evaluation of Extinction Risk for wild species of Mexico. It is probably threatened because it has a restricted distribution, found only in a small rocky area of volcanic origin. Also, its habitat has recently been diminished by the expansion of avocado farms and wood extraction for handicrafts. Unfortunately, there are no natural protected areas in this region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F9A551FF99D2619BFD488DFB7F01C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gomez, Rodolfo Solano	Gomez, Rodolfo Solano (2014): Three new species of Stelis (Orchidaceae; Pleurothallidinae) from Mexico. Phytotaxa 158 (3): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.3.5
