taxonID	type	description	language	source
038587C9FFD0430AFE953264F4924E33.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Neodacus newmani Perkins, 1937, by original designation.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430AFE953264F4924E33.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Antennae not or only slightly longer than vertical height of head, the first segment shorter than or almost as long as second segment; supra-alar seta present or absent, abdomen not strongly petiolate or club shaped and sternite V with posterior margin straight or weakly concave. Host plants Asclepiadaceae.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430AFE953264F4924E33.taxon	discussion	Comments: Genus Dacus is well distributed in the Asian region and species of subgenera Mellesis Bezzi, Callantra Walker and Neodacus are best known for mimicking wasps. Subgenus Neodacus is currently only known from one species in India, i. e. D. sphaeroidalis (Bezzi); however, many species appear similar to each other due to shared characters such as a faint costal band with a broad apical spot, as in D. santongae Drew & Hancock and D. sphaeroidalis that, along with diversity in genitalic characters (Hancock and Drew, 2006), makes possible the presence of cryptic species. We encountered many specimens of Dacus similar to D. sphaeroidalis throughout the Himalayan region including the eastern Himalayas, with perhaps a detailed morphological as well as genetic analysis required to solve this mystery. As a result, a new species of subgenus Neodacus is described here. Transverse and longitudinal bands on abdominal tergites are key characters diagnosing many species of subgenus Neodacus and here we found distinct difference in the bands on abdominal tergites, especially on tergite V. Hancock and Drew (2006, 2024) defined seven groups of Asian and Australasian Neodacus and the two species described here belong to the sphaeroidalis group; however, Dacus sp. in this manuscript differs in possessing a longer posterior lobe of the lateral surstylus as seen in the absonifacies group.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430AFE953102F6144AE4.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Dacus armatus Fabricius, 1805. by subsequent designation of Speiser, 1924: 140.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430AFE953102F6144AE4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Abdominal tergites fused (segments are not overlapping); abdomen generally elongate-oval, often petiolate; acrostichal prescutellar and basal scutellar setae absent.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430CFE95355CF76E4E25.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 5)	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430CFE95355CF76E4E25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: A large (9.54 mm), dark reddish brown species, face with elongate black spots apically fused below antennal suture, reddish brown thorax with fuscous postpronotal lobes, wing with broad, faint costal band and dark apical spot covering anterior portion of cell m but not reaching vein R 2 + 3 or apex of cell r 4 + 5, abdomen slightly humped on tergite IV but without medial vitta and with dark brownish black transverse bands on abdominal tergites III, IV and V, the transverse black band on tergite V broad, reaching lateral margins and with distinct medial vitta between ceromata. Supra-alar and prescutellar acrostichal setae absent. Spermathecae berry bunch like elongated and glans with distinct knobs. Differential Diagnosis: D. kapoori sp. nov. is a cryptic species similar to D. sphaeroidalis but can be differentiated by dark fuscous postpronotal lobe, thin transverse band on tergite IV, broader transverse band on tergite V reaching lateral margins, longer median vitta on tergite V, shape of spermatheca and glans of phallus with globosonodii (cf. fig. 2 C, Hardy, 1973 & fig. 10 R, David and Ramani, 2019). In general appearance it also resembles Dacus sp. but can be differentiated by latter mentioned characters, katatergite and anatergite basally black and shorter posterior lobe of lateral surstylus. Detailed differences are listed in Table 1.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430CFE95355CF76E4E25.taxon	description	Head: Brownish fulvous, lunule darker, bases of frontal and orbital setae black, front darker medially between the frontal setae, face slightly fulvous with an elongate black spot in each antennal furrow, not reaching antennal suture but connected anteriorly to base of antennal suture by thin black lines on either side (Figure 1 B). Antennae (1.95 mm) longer than head height (1.75 mm), dark brownish with 2 nd segment longer than 1 st segment. Light black subgenal spot present. Setae: 2 frontal, 1 orbital, 2 vertical, 1 genal and row of 4 – 5 thin black postocular setulae. Thorax: Dark reddish brown with yellow markings as follows: notopleuron, suture, anepisternal stripe, anatergite, katatergite and scutellum. Scutum lighter in colour except area just above scutellum darker (Figure 1 C & D). Postpronotal lobes dark brown to fuscous. Notopleuron connected to triangular yellow marking on suture. Anepisternal stripe as broad (or slightly broader apically) as notopleuron, extended to katepisternum as a yellow spot. Pleura largely reddish brown except broad black stripe anterior to yellow anepisternal stripe and black patches on anepimeron. Apical half of katatergite and anatergite yellow, the rest dark brown to black. Scutellum yellow, subtriangular, with moderate-sized reddish brown basal band. Setae: 2 scapular, 1 anterior (very weak) and 1 posterior notopleural, 1 intra-alar, 1 post-alar, 1 anepisternal and 1 apical scutellar. Fore and mid femora reddish fulvous, hind femora with apical half reddish brown, the rest yellowish. All tibiae reddish fulvous except foretibia slightly lighter. Basitarsus yellowish, tarsomeres reddish fulvous. Wing 7.64 mm long, lightly infuscated all over except cell bm, base of cell br below cell bc and alula hyaline. Costal band yellowish, broad and faint. Infuscation darker in cell sc, base of cell r 1, middle of cell br below Rs and cell bcu. Infuscation on cell bcu extension slightly broader in male (Figure 3 B). Broad, dark brown almost circular apical spot extending broadly into cells r 2 + 3 and m but not reaching apex of vein R 2 + 3 and leaving apex of cell r 4 + 5 hyaline, faint medially and alongside costa in females and reaching costa in males (Figure 3 A & B). Supernumerary lobe slightly rounded and weak, cell m with apical folds in male. A narrow hyaline line can be seen in both male and female from apex of bm-cu crossvein to base of cell cua 1 (Figure 3 A & B). Abdomen: Tergite I slightly broader than long and reddish brown. Tergite II anterior half reddish brown, rest yellowish white. Tergite III dark brownish with moderately broad black transverse band anteriorly and tergite IV with narrow transverse black band on anterior margin (Figure 1 E & F). Tergite IV dark brownish except posterior end slightly humped and yellowish white. Tergite V with a broad black transverse band anteriorly, enclosing ceromata anteriorly and reaching lateral margins and medial vitta on tergite V reaching beyond ceromata basally (Figure 2 A, B & 3 C). Base of tergite V in male light yellowish, darker in female. Pecten present on tergite III in male and fulvous brown ceromata present in both male and female. Sternite V of male quadrate with a moderate posterior concavity (Figure 3 D). Genitalia: Female with oviscape 1.76 mm long, reddish fulvous, aculeus 2.31 mm long, eversible membrane 2.64 mm long. Aculeus chisel-like, with 3 pairs of preapical setae (basal longer that apical two) and roundish at tip (Figure 4 D). Spicules on distal eversible membrane keel-shaped with 3 – 5 spines with medial one the longest. Spermatheca berry bunch like and elongated (Figure 4 F). Male with epandrium sphaeropedunculate in posterior view and twice as high as proctiger, which is triangular. Long setae distributed all over the epandrium except anterior end. Lateral surstylus longer than median surstylus and latter with dark, thick, striated and blunt prensisetae. Posterior lobe of lateral surstylus longer than anterior and both lobes setose (Figure 4 A). Aedeagus 2.31 mm long excluding glans (0.58 mm), the latter with patterned preputium, the pattern restricted to preputium only and with 4 roundish knobs on lateral wall of acrophallus and 2 at base of preputium (Figure 4 B, C, 5 A & B), the posterior two closely attached. Such structure not recorded before. These knobs hollow in the middle (Figure 4 B, C, 5 A & B) and it appears that these sclerotized knobs on acrophallus wall are part of tubular pathway and might have taxonomic value. We would like to refer it ‘ globosonodus (pleural globosonodii) ’, derived from Latin words globosus and nodus which means round knob. Vesica broad, wrapped dorsally around the preputium and subapical lobe as high as vesica. Subapical lobe capitulate with broad membranous capitulum.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430CFE95355CF76E4E25.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material: Holotype 1 ♀, on Pyrus sp., INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, Nauni, 30 ° 51 ' 47 " N 77 ° 10 ' 7 ". 12. iii. 2024, Maneesh leg. Paratypes 1 ♂, 1 ♀, on Pyrus sp., INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, Nauni, 30 ° 51 ' 47 " N 77 ° 10 ' 7 ". 12. iii. 2024, Maneesh leg. Paratype 1 ♀, on Bambusa sp., INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, Nauni, 30 ° 51 ' 47 " N 77 ° 10 ' 7 ". 03. vii. 2025, Maneesh leg. Types in Zoological Survey of India (HARC, Solan).	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430CFE95355CF76E4E25.taxon	etymology	Etymology: This species is named after the Late Dr. V. C. Kapoor (Ex Professor & Head of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana) for his notable work on animal and Tephritidae taxonomy in India.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD0430CFE95355CF76E4E25.taxon	biology_ecology	Host Plant: Unknown. Parapheromone: Unknown.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD64300FE9535A6F49848F9.taxon	description	(Figures 6 – 7)	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD64300FE9535A6F49848F9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: A large (9.59 mm), yellowish brown species, face with elongated black spots apically almost reaching antennal suture, reddish brown thorax with yellow postpronotal lobe with reddish tinge dorsoapically, wing with broad, faint costal band and broad, dark apical spot covering anterior portion of cell m and reaching apex of vein R 2 + 3 but leaving apex of cell r 4 + 5 hyaline. Abdomen slightly humped on tergite IV, latter yellowish without transverse black bands but lightly brownish anteriorly. Tergite V with narrow black band not reaching lateral margins and narrow short median vitta. Differential Diagnosis: Dacus sp. is extremely similar to D. sphaeroidalis but can be differentiated by elongate facial spots almost reaching antennal suture, infuscated area around veins, broader infuscation on cell bcu extension, entirely yellow anatergite and katatergite and longer posterior lobe of lateral surstylus. It is also similar to D. kapoori sp. nov. but can be differentiated by facial spots, narrow bands on abdominal tergites III and V, apical spot on wing reaching apex of vein R 2 + 3, entirely yellow anatergite and katatergite, glans and longer posterior lobe of lateral surstylus. Because of its uncertain definition, we refrain from formally naming this species until more material is available for study.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD64300FE9535A6F49848F9.taxon	description	Head: Yellowish fulvous, lunule darker, setal bases not darker, face slightly fulvous with an elongate black spot in each antennal furrow (Figure 6 A & B), almost reaching antennal suture. Antennal segments dark brownish and 2 nd segment longer than 1 st segment. Antennae (1.87 mm) longer than head height (1.76 mm). Light black subgenal spot present. Setae: 2 frontal, 1 orbital, 2 vertical, 1 genal and row of 4 – 5 thin black postocular setulae. Thorax: Reddish brown with yellow markings as follows; postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, suture, anepisternal stripe, anatergite, katatergite and scutellum (Figure 6 C & D). Postpronotal lobes yellow with reddish brown patch posterodorsally. Notopleuron connected to triangular yellow marking on suture. Anepisternal stripe as broad (or slightly broader in middle) as notopleuron, extended to katepisternum as a yellow spot. Pleura largely reddish brown except black stripe anterior to yellow anepisternal stripe and anepimeron darker than rest of pleura. Katatergite and anatergite entirely yellow without any black stripe. Scutellum yellow, subtriangular, with narrow light black basal band. Setae: 2 scapular, 1 anterior and 1 posterior notopleural, 1 intra-alar, 1 post-alar, 1 anepisternal and 1 apical scutellar. Fore and mid femora reddish fulvous, hind femora apical half reddish brown, the rest yellowish. All tibiae reddish fulvous except foretibia slightly lighter. Basitarsus yellowish, tarsomeres reddish fulvous. Wing 7.64 mm long, lightly infuscated in cells c, bc, pterostigma, r 1, r 2 + 3 and base of cell br. Costal band yellowish, broad and faint. Infuscation darker in cell sc, base of cell r 1, middle of cell br below Rs and cell bcu. Infuscation on cell bcu extension slightly broader (Figure 6 E). Broad, dark brown and nearly circular apical spot, reaching apex of vein R 2 + 3, extending broadly into cell m and leaving apex of cell r 4 + 5 and extreme apex of cell r 2 + 3 hyaline. Rest of wing hyaline except faint infuscation around veins. Supernumerary lobe slightly rounded and weak. Abdomen: Tergite I slightly broader than long and reddish brown. Tergite II anterior half reddish brown, rest yellowish. Tergite III with a narrow black transverse band anteriorly otherwise rest of tergite fulvous brown. Tergite IV with a narrow reddish brown transverse infuscation reaching lateral margins. Tergite V with a narrow black transverse band anteriorly, not reaching lateral margins and narrow, short medial vitta (Figure 7 B & D). Base of tergite V bright yellowish. Pecten present on tergite III and fulvous brown ceromata present on tergite V. Sternite V of male quadrate with a slight posterior emargination. Genitalia: Epandrium sphaeropedunculate in posterior view, latter almost 1.8 times higher than proctiger, lateral surstylus longer than medial surstylus, latter with thick striated prensisetae. Posterior lobe of lateral surstylus longer (0.25 mm) than anterior lobe (0.026 mm), former with serrated line on inner side (Figure 7 E) and tip fuscous. Aedeagus 3.3 mm long excluding glans (0.59 mm), latter elongated, narrow and with patterned (distinct spines) preputium. Subapical lobe shorter than preputium, vesica elongate, broad and twice as long as length of preputium (Figure 7 A).	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD64300FE9535A6F49848F9.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined: Voucher specimen 1 ♂, cuelure, INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Sirmaur, Sanora, 30 ° 53 ' 23 " N 77 ° 13 ' 34 ". 17. iv. 2020, Maneesh leg. (with first author’s collection).	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
038587C9FFD64300FE9535A6F49848F9.taxon	biology_ecology	Host Plant: Unknown. Parapheromone: Cuelure.	en	Singh, Maneesh Pal, Sharma, Sneha, Hancock, David Lawrence (2025): A new species of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from northern Himalayas. Zootaxa 5706 (1): 66-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.1.4
