taxonID	type	description	language	source
03834E43DC79FFD646B933CDFD4BFA7D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Pará: Santana do Araguaia, 100 km S of Redenção on road PA- 150 to Barreiras dos Campos. Fazenda Inajaporã between Rio Inajazinho and Rio Inajá, approx., 210 m, 8 ° 45 ’ S, 50 ° 25 ’ W, 18 February 1980, T. Plowman, G. Davidse, N. A Rosa, C. S. Rosário & M. R. dos Santos 8860 (holotype NY barcode 01292260!; isotypes HAMAB accession 4910!, IAN accession 162138!, INPA accession 122657!, MO barcode 2767081!).	en	Yoshida-Arns, Karla Norye, Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Freire, Talvanis Lorenzetti, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2019): Maranta sophiana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 388 (3): 247-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.388.3.4
03834E43DC79FFD646B933CDFD4BFA7D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Maranta sophiana is unique in the genus by presenting longitudinally ridged ovary and capsules. Caulescent, erect herb profusely branched with elongated internodes, supporting at apex a cluster with 2 – 4 branches of different sizes, each branch subdividing into 1 – 2 clusters intercalated by internodes that becomes shorter distally. Cataphylls up to 20 cm long, tomentose to puberulous at base, glabrous at apex. Leaves homotropic, immaculate-green; leaf sheath 12 − 35 × 0.5 − 1 cm, glabrous, apex biauriculate; petiole absent; pulvinus 0.2 − 0.3 cm long, adaxially with deciduous tufts of erect trichomes, abaxially glabrous; leaf blade 13 − 30 × 3 − 6 cm, narrowly elliptic, glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence 1 − 4 − nodate, 25 − 42 cm long, terminal, composed of 4 − 8 florescences; peduncle 9 − 17 cm long, tomentose, prophyll 4 − 7.5 × 0.3 − 0.6 cm, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, apex acute,; rachis 15 − 35 cm long, tomentose, becoming glabrous at apex; bracts 3.5 − 6 × 0.3 − 0.6 cm, linear-lanceolate, slightly cymbiform, glabrous, apex acute, 1 per florescence; florescence prophyll 2 − 4 × 0.3 − 0.5 cm, linear-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, slightly cymbiform, glabrous, apex acute, cymules 4 − 9 per bract, 2 - flowered, dolichoblastic, glabrous; cymule peduncle 3 − 5 cm long, pedicels 0.4 − 0.5 cm and 0.9 − 1.5 cm long, respectively. Flowers 17 − 22 mm long, glabrous; sepals 13 − 18 × 4 − 6 mm, narrow-lanceolate, slightly cymbiform, apex acute, erect; corolla tube 7 − 9 mm long, lobes 10 – 17 × 4 − 6 mm, elliptic, apex rounded; 2 outer staminodes 9 − 15 × 5 − 7 mm, obovate, apex rounded to acute; callose staminode 12 − 18 × 6 − 8 mm, obovate, apex rounded to acute; cucullate staminode 8 − 15 × 3 − 5 mm long, appendage patent; fertile stamen 1 − 3 mm long, staminal appendage 2 − 3 mm long, anther ca. 1 mm long; ovary 2 − 3 × ca. 1 mm, longitudinally ridged; style 4 − 5 mm long, recurved. Capsules 15 − 22 mm long, ellipsoid, trigonous, longitudinally ridged, glabrous, crowned by persistent and erect sepals.	en	Yoshida-Arns, Karla Norye, Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Freire, Talvanis Lorenzetti, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2019): Maranta sophiana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 388 (3): 247-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.388.3.4
03834E43DC79FFD646B933CDFD4BFA7D.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Maranta sophiana occurs in the eastern Amazon region, in the State of Pará, Brazil (Fig. 3). The only known collection was outside a conservation unit. In the last decades this region has been drastically deforested, and therefore this species is probably already in a threatened situation.	en	Yoshida-Arns, Karla Norye, Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Freire, Talvanis Lorenzetti, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2019): Maranta sophiana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 388 (3): 247-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.388.3.4
03834E43DC79FFD646B933CDFD4BFA7D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The new species is named after the daughter of the first author, Sophia Yoshida Arns. Morphological affinities: — Maranta sophiana is the only species of the genus with longitudinally ridged ovary and fruits. At first glance, it may be confused with M. linearis, but differs by having a caulescent habit (vs. rosulate), absent petiole (vs. present), pulvinus with deciduous tufts of erect trichomes on the adaxial side (vs. hirtellous to hirsute), very long inflorescence length with 4 − 8 florescences (vs. short with 2 florescences), and longitudinally ridged ovary and capsule (vs. smooth) (Fig. 4, Table 1).	en	Yoshida-Arns, Karla Norye, Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Freire, Talvanis Lorenzetti, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2019): Maranta sophiana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 388 (3): 247-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.388.3.4
