identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038A1A06206D5E0B1285F9D02F4EFB59.text	038A1A06206D5E0B1285F9D02F4EFB59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecobius Lucas 1846	<div><p>Genus: Oecobius Lucas, 1846</p><p>Type species: Clotho cellariorum Dugès, 1836 .</p><p>Remarks. The generic limits of Oecobius are problematic (Shear 1970). Zamani et al. (2024) recently suggested that several species groups can be distinguished based primarily on the conformation of their copulatory organs, thus corroborating observations from previous studies of the genus; see discussion by Lehtinen (1967) and Shear (1970). Despite this, all species currently distributed in Mexico remain placed within Oecobius . This genus can be distinguished from Platoecobius Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1935, the only other genera found in the Americas, by having a moderately elevated pars cephalica and ocular area as long as, or longer than, wide (Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1935; Santos &amp; Gonzaga 2008).</p><p>Shear (1970) distinguished a group of Mexican species based on shared habitus coloration and similar copulatory organs morphology. Specifically, Shear (1970: 132) stated that O. rivula exemplifies this group by possessing a thick and robust radical apophysis (process of radix) and enlarged stipes positioned mesally. Jiménez &amp; Llinas (2005) referred to the same structures as radix and terminal apophysis, respectively. Jiménez &amp; Llinas (2005) observed a small basal protuberance on radix, which they labeled as radical apophysis, but it differs from the structure described by Shear (1970). Shear seemingly did not label this secondary apophysis on the radix. The only apparent point of agreement between Shear (1970) and Jiménez &amp; Llinas (2005) concerns the conductor, described as a large and complex structure bearing apophyses and located ectally in the “Mexican” group.</p><p>Females within the “Mexican” group share a relatively long and broad scape. The fertilization tubes (sensu Shear 1970: 133) are visible through the integument and run anteriorly along the scape. Jiménez &amp; Llinas (2005) referred to these structures as copulatory ducts, a term we consider more appropriate. The copulatory openings are located on or near the distal margin of the scape. Shear (1970) appears to have omitted a detailed examination of the vulva. This is evidenced by the lack of comment or illustration regarding the characteristic, weakly sclerotized, elongated, and globose sac observed in many Oecobius species. This sac, susceptible to collapsing after dissection, was labeled as spermathecae by Jiménez &amp; Llinas (2005) and receptaculum by Baum (1972). Conversely, Shear (1970) identified structures with heavy walls as spermathecae, corresponding to the sclerotized capsule described by Baum (1972) and Jiménez &amp; Llinas (2005). This capsule represents a sclerotized and expanded section of a duct, emerging posteriorly to the sac in O. rivula (Baum 1972; 1980). Given that Baum (1972, 1980) provides a more comprehensive analysis of the vulval conformation in Oecobiidae, we consider the terms ‘capsule’ and ‘receptacle’ more appropriate for the time being.</p><p>Despite the relative complexity of the oecobiid male palps and epigynes, the species described below exhibit conspicuous differences in external characteristics, such as the radix and terminal apophyses, as well as the shape of the scape of the epigyne.</p><p>Composition of “Mexican” group: Oecobius culiacanensis Shear, 1970, Oecobius culichi spec. nov., Oecobius hoffmannae Jiménez &amp; Llinas, 2005, Oecobius isolatoides Shear, 1970, Oecobius isolatus Chamberlin, 1924, Oecobius piaxtla Shear, 1970, Oecobius rivula Shear, 1970, Oecobius sudcaliforniana spec. nov., Oecobius yaqui spec. nov., and Oecobius yoreme spec. nov.</p><p>Distribution of “Mexican” group: Southwestern US (California and Arizona) and Northwestern Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A1A06206D5E0B1285F9D02F4EFB59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Jiménez, María-Luisa	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39.text	038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecobius culichi Alcántar-Valenzuela & Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez 2025	<div><p>Oecobius culichi spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–10, 61–63</p><p>Type material. Holotype: 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-038): MEXICO: Sinaloa, Culiacán, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.3443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.7644" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.3443/lat 24.7644)">Culiacán Rosales</a> (24.7644°N, 107.3443°W, 108 m), tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 11/VII/2022.</p><p>Paratypes: Same data as for holotype, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-039); same data as for holotype, 3♂ 3♀ 16 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0229); same data as for holotype, 2♂ 2♀ (CARCIB-Ar-230) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Spanish popular term “culichi ”, which means “native of Culiacán”, in reference to the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male palp of O. culichi spec. nov. resemble those of O. hoffmannae by having the radical apophysis and protrusion forming a C-shape concavity in prolateral view (Figs 5, 61); however, O. culichi spec. nov. possesses the radical apophysis shorter than the terminal apophysis (Figs 5, 61; vs. about of the same length in O. hoffmannae, Figs 45, 70, Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005: fig. 2) and apically blunt (Figs 6, 62; vs. apically flattened in O. hoffmannae, Figs 46, 72, Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005: fig. 3). Females of O. culichi spec. nov. resemble those of O. piaxtla Shear, 1970 by having a relatively short and wide scape; however, the scape in O. culichi spec. nov. is oval-shaped and transverse (Fig. 8; vs. narrowed distally in O. piaxtla, Shear 1970: fig. 38), and the posterior portion of copulatory ducts are spiraled (Figs 9, 10; vs. tubiform in O. piaxtla, Shear 1970: fig. 38).</p><p>Description. Male. Coloration. Carapace light brown with three dark and three white submarginal spots, and two small white spots in the clypeal area. The eye area bordered with black. Legs whitish, with black rings on segments (usually broken) as follows: Fm with two, Pa with one, Ti with two, Mt with two, Ta with one, very diffused distally (Fig. 1). Sternum, labium and endites whitish, sternum with short, diffused dark lines directed to the center (Fig. 2). Opisthosoma dorsum whitish, with white and black spots interspersed, and a large, brown cardiac mark; sides suffused with dark spots (Fig. 1). Opisthosoma venter dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, median area whitish, with few interspersed dark and white spots and broken longitudinal brown stripes. Spinnerets and anal tubercle are mostly whitish, but distal segment of PLS darker dorsally (Fig. 2).</p><p>Carapace suboval, wider than long, with subtriangular clypeal projection. AER and PER slightly recurved. PLE largest, separated by two diameters; PME subtriangular and opalescent, separated by one diameter. AME smallest, separated by one diameter; ALE opalescent, slightly smaller than PLE, closer to AME than PLE. Endites subtriangular. Opisthosoma suboval and slightly pointed posteriorly. Measurements: total length 1.94. Carapace 0.74 long, 0.84 wide. Opisthosoma 1.19 long, 0.76 wide. Ti I 0.50, II 0.51, III 0.53, IV 0.58.</p><p>Palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis and protrusion delimits a C-shape concavity; radical apophysis subtriangular, with blunt apex; radical protrusion short, triangular, and pointed; terminal apophysis subtriangular (basally broad, distally pointed) (Figs 5, 61). Conductor with two sclerotized apophyses directed retroventrally, the subapical one long and spiniform, the subbasal one small and triangular; embolus base broad, apically tubiform, directed ventrally (Fig. 7).</p><p>Female. Coloration: Similar to male, except for carapace darker and white spots inconspicuous; sternum with dark lines inconspicuous. Dorsum of opisthosoma suffused with more dark spots, but venter with less white spots. Measurements: total length 2.52. Carapace 0.79 long, 0.86 wide. Opisthosoma 1.73 long, 1.29 wide. Ti I 0.50, II 0.54, III 0.50, IV 0.58.</p><p>Epigyne. Scape wider than long, oval-shaped, restricted to the anterior half of epigynal plate; posterior half of epigynal plate striated; copulatory openings closely spaced, near the scape apex (Fig. 8). Vulva . Copulatory ducts directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles, first part somewhat tubular, then spiraled; receptacles hyaline and globose; sclerotized capsules elongated, sinuous, situated laterally to copulatory openings; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior third of the epigynal length (Figs 9–10).</p><p>Variation. Female carapace coloration is usually darker than that in male. The number of white and darks spots on opisthosoma venter varies, but males generally have a reduced number of black spots. Measurement: Females (N=3): total length 2.22–2.74. Carapace 0.73–0.82 long, 0.83–0.88 wide. Opisthosoma 1.49–1.92 long, 1.16–1.52 wide. Ti I 0.50–0.55, II 0.53–0.57, III 0.48–0.58, IV 0.56–0.66. Males (N=3): total length 1.89–1.94. Carapace 0.74–0.79 long, 0.84–0.86 wide. Opisthosoma 1.09–1.19 long, 0.76–0.89 wide. Ti I 0.49–0.50, II 0.51–0.56, III 0.53–0.55, IV 0.58–0.60.</p><p>Natural history. Specimens of this species were found beneath stones in disturbed areas of tropical deciduous forest near residential areas. In July 2022, we documented the presence of two rounded ovisacs, containing six and seven eggs, respectively (N=2).</p><p>Distribution. Known only from its type locality in Culiacán, Sinaloa (Fig. 76).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Jiménez, María-Luisa	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D.text	038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecobius sudcaliforniana Alcántar-Valenzuela & Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez 2025	<div><p>Oecobius sudcaliforniana spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 11–20, 64–66</p><p>Type material. Holotype: 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-040): MEXICO: Baja California Sur, La Paz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.4357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.1298" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.4357/lat 24.1298)">Reserva Dra. Laura Arriaga</a> (24.1298°N, 110.4357°W, 18 m), sarcocaule scrub, pitfall, D. Vega, F. Moreno leg., 13/VI/2015.</p><p>Paratypes: Same data as for holotype, except (24.1290°N, 110.4307°W, 14 m), 11/VII/2015, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-06); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0304); La Paz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.1936&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.0888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.1936/lat 24.0888)">presa Buena Mujer</a> (24.0888°N, 110.1936°W, 180 m), pitfall, unnamed collector, 17/III/2004, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-344) ; same data as for preceding, except 21/IV/2004, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0259); same data as for preceding, except 21/VII/2004, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0260); same data as for preceding, except 21/V/2004, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0273); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0274); same data as for preceding, except 25/VIII/2004, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0284); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0285); same data as for preceding, 2♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0286); same data as for preceding, 2♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0287) .</p><p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Baja California Sur, La Paz, Reserva Dra. Laura Arriaga (24.1298°N, 110.4357°W, 18 m), sarcocaule scrub, pitfall, D. Vega, F. Moreno leg., 13/ VI /2015, 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-0303); arroyo El Novillo, 4 km of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.9279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.225/lat 23.9279)">San Pedro</a> (23.9279°N, 110.2250°W, 220 m), pitfall, unnamed collector, 16/III/2004, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-345) ; same data as for preceding, 2♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0246); same data as for preceding, 2♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0247); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0248); same data as for preceding, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0249); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0250); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0251); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-346); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-347); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-348); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0252); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-349); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-350); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-351); same data as for preceding, except 16/ V /2004, 1♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0253); same data as for preceding, except 18/ VI /2004, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0257); same data as for preceding, except 18/XI/2004, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0256); same data as for preceding, except 21/X/2004, 1♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0261); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0262); same data as for preceding, except transition between tropical deciduous forest and sarcocaule scrub, 22/IV/2004, 3♂ 3♀ 3 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0263); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0264); same data as for preceding, 2♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0265); same data as for preceding, 4♂ 1 ♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-0266); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0267); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0268); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0269); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0270); same data as for preceding, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0271); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-352); same data as for preceding, except 22/VII/2004, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0272); same data as for preceding, except 25/ V /2004, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0275); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0276); same data as for preceding, 2♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0277); same data as for preceding, 1♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0278); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0279); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0280); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0281); same data as for preceding, 1♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-0282); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0283); same data as for preceding, except 26/VIII/2004, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0288); same data as for preceding, 2♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0289); same data as for preceding, 1♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-0290); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0291); same data as for preceding, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0292); same data as for preceding, 1♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0293); same data as for preceding, 1♂ 2 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0294); same data as for preceding, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0295); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0296); Lomas de Centenario, 9.36 km of La Paz (24.1057°N, 110.4355°W, 33 m), exterior of house, manual collection, C. Palacios leg., 04/IX/2022, 1♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-0241); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.4336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.1288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.4336/lat 24.1288)">Reserva Dra. Laura Arriaga</a> of CIBNOR (24.1288°N, 110.4336°W, 14 m), manual collection, unnamed collector, 04/ V /2005, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0242) ; same data as for preceding, except (24.1292°N, W 110.4305°W, 11 m), sarcocaule scrub, pitfall, D. Vega, F. Moreno leg., 11/VII/2015, 1♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-0243); same data as for preceding, except (24.1293°N, 110.4362°W, 15 m), 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0245); same data as for preceding, except (24.1298°N, 110.4357°W, 18 m), 13/ VI /2015, 1♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-0302); same data as for preceding, except (24.1288°N, 110.4310°W, 14 m), 28/VIII/2015, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0300); San Pedrito del Palmar, Todos Santos (23.6522°N, 110.3602°W, 100 m), pitfall, unnamed collector, 19/III/2005, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0258); 0.83 km of the colonia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.354&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.354/lat 24.084)">Álamos</a> near the border of La Paz airport (24.0840°N, 110.3540°W, 16 m), exterior of a house, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 17/IX/2022, 2♂ 3♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0231) ; same data as for preceding, except 18/IX/2022, 2♂ 2♀ 3 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0232); same data as for preceding, except 24/IX/2022, 1♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0233); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.8041&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.8041/lat 23.4388)">Los Cabos</a>, 0.7 km of El Chorro (23.4388°N, 109.8041°W, 195 m), pitfall, unnamed collector, 01/III/2005, 1♂ 2 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0234) ; same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios leg., 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0235); same data as for preceding, except unnamed collector, 01/IX/2005, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0236); same data as for preceding, except sweep net, M. Correa leg., 2♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0237); same data as for preceding, except pitfall, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0238); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0239); same data as for preceding, 4♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0240); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios leg., 16/ V /2005, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0254); same data as for preceding, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0255); same data as for preceding, 2♂ 1♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-353); same data as for preceding, except 27/VII/2005, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0297); same data as for preceding, except 28/VII/2005, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-0298); same data as for preceding, 1♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0299); same data as for preceding, except 28/X/2005, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0301) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a Spanish demonym for the people born in Baja California Sur.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male palp of O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov. resembles those of O. isolatoides Shear, 1970, by having rectangular radical apophysis apically truncated and shorter than the curved terminal apophysis; however, O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov. has a large hyaline membrane on radical apophysis (arrow in Figs 15–17; vs. without membrane in O. isolatoides, Fig. 55, Shear 1970: fig. 63) and the conductor bears three apophyses (Figs 17, 66; vs. only one hyaline apophysis in O. isolatoides, Figs 57, 75, Shear 1970: fig. 62). Epigyne in O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov. resemble those in O. yaqui spec. nov. by having a scape longer than wide; however, O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov. has the scape oblong, almost three times longer than wide (Fig. 18; vs. oval-shaped, two times longer in O. yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28), tip notched (Fig. 18; vs. not notched in O. yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28), and copulatory openings displaced (located about the posterior third of scape length) (Fig. 18; vs. located at the tip of scape in O. yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28).</p><p>Description. Male. Coloration. Carapace light brown with three dark submarginal spots. Eye area bordered with black. Legs pale yellowish, with black rings on segments (usually broken) as follows: Fe with two, Pa with one, Ti with two, Mt with two, Ta with one, very diffused distally. Sternum, labium and endites yellowish, sternum with diffused dark lines in margins (Figs 11–12). Opisthosoma dorsum suffused with white spots and few dark brown interspersed, and a large, brown cardiac mark; sides suffused with white spots. Opisthosoma venter light brown anteriorly and posteriorly, median area yellowish with white spots. Spinnerets and anal tubercle mostly pale yellow; distal segment of PLS darker dorsally (Fig. 11).</p><p>Carapace, eyes, mouthparts, and opisthosoma as Oecobius culichi spec. nov. except AME slightly larger than PME, separated by one diameter. Measurements: total length 2.18. Carapace 0.86 long, 1.03 wide. Opisthosoma 1.32 long, 0.92 wide. Ti I 0.67, II 0.76, III 0.72, IV 0.79.</p><p>Palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis rectangular, shorter than terminal apophysis, a lateral hyaline membrane runs almost all process length (white arrow in Figs 15–17); radical protrusion short, pointed; terminal apophysis long, curved upward, apex flattened dorsoventrally.Conductor with three processes directed retroventrally, the subapical one hyaline, long, and pointed, the middle one sclerotized and pointed, the subbasal one short, heavily sclerotized and blunt; embolus long, tubiform directed retroventrally (Figs 64–66).</p><p>Female. Coloration: Similar to male, but carapace darker with inconspicuous white spots; opisthosoma dorsum brownish with white and dark spots, venter with fewer white spots. Measurements: total length 2.78. Carapace 0.83 long, 0.96 wide. Opisthosoma 1.95 long, 1.42 wide. Ti I 0.66, II 0.66, III 0.54, IV 0.73.</p><p>Epigyne. Scape oblong, about three times long as wide; scape tip notched; copulatory openings located in the apical third of scape length (Figs 18–19). Vulva . Copulatory ducts long and tubiform, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles; receptacles hyaline and globose; sclerotized capsules elongated and transversal, situated laterally at scape base; blind appendix reniform; restricted to posterior third of the epigyne length (Fig. 20).</p><p>Variation. Female carapace coloration is usually darker than that in males. The number of white spots on opisthosoma venter varies, but females generally have a reduced number. Measurements: Females (N=9): total length 1.99–2.88. Carapace 0.73–0.93 long, 0.79–1.03 wide. Opisthosoma 1.26–1.95 long, 0.89–1.62 wide. Ti I 0.53–0.73, II 0.56–0.76, III 0.53–0.70, IV 0.53–0.78. Males (N=9): total length 1.75–2.65. Carapace 0.76–0.96 long, 0.96–1.09 wide. Opisthosoma 0.99–1.69 long, 0.70–1.26 wide. Ti I 0.56–0.71, II 0.63–0.74, III 0.60–0.73, IV 0.60–0.76.</p><p>Natural history. Specimens of this species were predominantly collected using pitfall traps in sarcocaule scrubland and tropical deciduous forest (Palacios-Cardiel, pers. obs.). Additionally, specimens were found on exterior walls of houses in La Paz, Baja California Sur. In September of 2022, four round ovisacs were observed, with a range of 10 to 14 eggs (N=4).</p><p>Distribution. This species is known only from southern Baja California Sur (La Paz and Los Cabos municipalities) (Fig. 76).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Jiménez, María-Luisa	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9.text	038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecobius yaqui Alcántar-Valenzuela & Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez 2025	<div><p>Oecobius yaqui spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 21–30</p><p>Type material. Holotype: 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-036), MEXICO: Sonora, Hermosillo, Hermosillo City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.0575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.0697" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.0575/lat 29.0697)">Stadium Sonora</a> (29.0697°N, 111.0575°W, 195 m), deciduous xerophyte scrub, manual collection, K. Gómez leg., 19/III/2022.</p><p>Paratypes: Same data as for holotype, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-037); same data as for holotype, 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-0228) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Yaqui indigenous ethnic group, who inhabits Sonora.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male palp of O. yaqui spec. nov. resembles those of O. yoreme spec. nov. by having the radical apophysis about the same length than terminal apophysis; however, O. yaqui spec. nov. possesses a large, median protrusion on radical apophysis (Fig. 26; vs. without protrusion on radical apophysis in O. yoreme spec. nov., Fig. 36), and a curved terminal apophysis, right-angled at one-third of its length (Fig. 25; vs. apically hooked in O. yoreme spec. nov., Fig. 35). Females O. yaqui spec. nov. resemble those of O. hoffmannae by having the scape longer than wide, with copulatory openings on scape apex, and copulatory ducts running anteriorly on scape; however, O. yaqui spec. nov., possesses the scape almost two times longer than wide (Fig. 28; vs. less than 1.3 times longer than wide in O. hoffmannae, Fig. 48; Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005: fig. 4).</p><p>Description. Male. Coloration: Carapace light brown with three dark submarginal spots. Eye area bordered with black. Legs pale white, with black rings on segments (usually broken) as follows: Fe with two, Pa with one, Ti with two, Mt with two. Sternum, labium and endites whitish. Opisthosoma dorsum with white and dark brown spots interspersed, and a large, brown cardiac mark; sides suffused with dark spots. Opisthosoma venter dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, median area light, with few interspersed white spots and a posterior dark band. Spinnerets and anal tubercle dark brown (Figs 21–22).</p><p>Carapace, eyes, mouthparts, and opisthosoma as in Oecobius culichi spec. nov. Measurements: total length 2.15. Carapace 0.79 long, 0.96 wide. Opisthosoma 1.36 long, 0.95 wide. Ti I 0.66, II 0.66, III 0.70, IV 0.71.</p><p>Palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis subtriangular, with median protrusion broadly attached, directed prolaterad; radical protrusion short and pointed; terminal apophysis thinner than radical apophysis, curved (right angled at one-third of its length) with apex flattened dorsoventrally, same apophysis with basal, claw-shaped process near embolus. Conductor with two processes directed retroventrally and one protruding hyaline rim above the long, pointed hyaline median process, lower process short, subtriangular; embolus filiform directed retroventrally (Figs 25–27).</p><p>Female. Coloration: Carapace and opisthosoma as male but carapace slightly darker and opisthosoma suffused with more white spots and epigastric area whitish with two black spots (Figs 23–24). Measurements: total length 2.24. Carapace 0.78 long, 0.86 wide. Opisthosoma 1.46 long, 1.17 wide. Ti I–IV missing.</p><p>Epigyne. Scape longer than wide, oval-shaped, slightly pointed apically; copulatory openings small, situated on scape apex; posterior quarter of epigynal plate striated. Vulva . Copulatory ducts tubiform, slender, and long, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles; sclerotized capsules elongated, longitudinal, situated laterally at scape base; receptacles hyaline and globose; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior third of the epigynal length (Figs 28–30).</p><p>Natural history. Specimens of this species were found under a boulder in a scrubland area in Sonora in March 2022.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 76).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Jiménez, María-Luisa	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD.text	038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecobius yoreme Alcántar-Valenzuela & Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez 2025	<div><p>Oecobius yoreme spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 31–40, 67–69</p><p>Type material. Holotype: 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-034): MEXICO: Sinaloa, El Fuerte, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.6242&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.4369" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.6242/lat 26.4369)">Cerro “La Máscara”</a> (26.4369°N, 108.6242°W, 106 m), tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 07/II/2022.</p><p>Paratypes: Same data as for holotype, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-035); Ahome, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.1142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.1142/lat 25.9096)">Bolsa de Tozalibampo Dos</a> (26.1015°N, 109.1896°W, 11 m), manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 15/I/2022, 2♂ 3 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0223); Choix, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.1142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.1142/lat 25.9096)">La Estancia Baymena</a> (26.5741°N, 108.2664°W, 427 m), exterior of a house in the wall, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 11/VI/2021, 1♂ 4 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0226); same data as for preceding, except 25/VII/2022, 3♂ 6♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-354); El Fuerte, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.1142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.1142/lat 25.9096)">El Fuerte in Cerro of “La Máscara”</a> (26.4369°N, 108.6242°W, 106 m), tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 07/II/2022, 2♂ 2♀ 5 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0227); Sinaloa de Leyva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.1142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.1142/lat 25.9096)">Maripa</a>, (25.8609°N, 108.1586°W, 75 m), under of a stone in exterior of a house, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 17/I/2022, 1♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0222); Baburía, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.1142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.1142/lat 25.9096)">Baburía cemetery</a> (25.8500°N, 108.1904°W, 67 m), manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 02/XI/2022, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-0220); same data as for preceding, except 02/ XI/2021, 2♀ 5 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0224); 1.45 km of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.1142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.9096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.1142/lat 25.9096)">Matapán del Llano</a>, (25.9096°N, 108.1142°W, 91 m), tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 18/I/2022, 4♂ 14 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-0225) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Yoreme-Mayo, an indigenous ethnic group that lives in northern Sinaloa and southern Sonora.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male palp of O. yoreme spec. nov. resembles those of O. yaqui spec. nov. by having the radical apophysis of about the same length as terminal apophysis; however, O. yoreme spec. nov. possesses the base of terminal apophysis striated (arrow in Figs 35, 36; vs. not striated in O. yaqui spec. nov., Figs 25, 26) and apically hook-shaped, as seen in prolateral and retrolateral views (Figs 35, 37; vs. apically straight in O. yaqui spec. nov., Figs 25, 27). Females of O. yoreme spec. nov. resemble those of Oecobius yaqui spec. nov. by having the scape longer than wide; however, O. yoreme spec. nov. has a subrectangular-shaped scape (Fig. 38; vs. oval in Oecobius yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28) and a notched apex of the scape (Fig. 38; vs. not notched in Oecobius yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28).</p><p>Description. Male. Coloration: Carapace brown with three dark and three white submarginal spots, and one small spot in the clypeal area. The eye area bordered with black. Legs pale whitish, with black rings on segments (usually broken) as follows: Fe with two, Pa with one, Ti with two, Mt with two, Ta with one, very diffused distally. Sternum, labium and endites pale brown. Opisthosoma dorsum with white and dark spots, brown cardiac mark; sides suffused with dark spots. Opisthosoma venter dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, median area whitish, with few white spots. Spinnerets and anal tubercle light brown.</p><p>Carapace, eyes, mouthparts, and opisthosoma as in Oecobius culichi spec. nov. Measurements: total length 1.89. Carapace 0.83 long, 0.89 wide. Opisthosoma 1.07 long, 0.80 wide. Ti I 0.54, II 0.63, III 0.60, IV 0.63.</p><p>Palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis subrectangular, apically blunt and broad; radical protrusion short, subtriangular, and pointed; terminal apophysis with broad base, ventrally striated, apically curved (hook-shaped), tip somewhat flattened and concave, same apophysis with a lamelliform process below embolus (Figs 35–37). Conductor with two spiniform processes directed retroventrally, the subapical one hyaline, medial one slightly sclerotized; embolus filiform, directed retrolaterally (Figs 68–69).</p><p>Female. Coloration: Similar to male, but carapace spots diffused. Opisthosoma dorsum brownish with white and black spots; opisthosoma a wide venter median area light brown, without few white spots. Measurements: total length 2.72. Carapace 0.73 long, 0.75 wide. Opisthosoma 1.99 long, 1.40 wide. Ti I 0.57, II 0.60, III 0.58, IV 0.64.</p><p>Epigyne. Scape longer than wide, subrectangular, apically notched; copulatory openings situated in scape notch. Vulva . Copulatory ducts long, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles; receptacles hyaline and globose; sclerotized capsules elongated, arched, situated laterally at scape base; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior fifth of the epigynal length (Figs 38–39).</p><p>Variation. The coloration of males is usually darker than females. The number of white spots on opisthosoma venter varies, but females generally have a reduced number of white spots. Measurements: Females (N=3) Total length 2.38–3.29. Carapace 0.73–1.00 long, 0.75–1.13 wide. Opisthosoma 1.66–2.28 long, 1.36–1.72 wide. Ti I 0.53–0.76, II 0.55–0.78, III 0.51–0.76, IV 0.60–0.79. Males (N=3): Total length 1.89–2.48. Carapace 0.83–0.99 long, 0.89–1.16 wide. Opisthosoma 1.07–1.16 long, 0.80–1.49 wide. Ti I 0.54–0.73, II 0.63–0.76, III 0.60–0.72, IV 0.63–0.73.</p><p>Natural history. Specimens of this species were found under rocks, although some were observed inhabiting house walls. In January and February of 2022, 10 round ovisacs were found, with a range of 3 to 9 eggs (N=10).</p><p>Distribution. An endemic species known only from northern Sinaloa (Fig. 76).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Jiménez, María-Luisa	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620675E041285FB282F1EFA12.text	038A1A0620675E041285FB282F1EFA12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecobius hoffmannae Jimenez & Llinas 2005	<div><p>Oecobius hoffmannae Jiménez &amp; Llinas, 2005</p><p>Figs 41–50, 70–72</p><p>Oecobius hoffmannae Jiménez &amp; Llinas, 2005: 46, figs 1–5 (male holotype from San José Comondú, and female paratype from San Isidro, Baja California Sur in Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, CNAN; not examined).</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO: Baja California Sur, Comondú, San Isidro-La Purísima (26.2008°N, 112.0483°W, 118 m), pitfall, G. Nieto leg., 26/VIII/2002, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4766); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 26/X/2002, 2♂ 4♀ (CARCIB-Ar-4767); same data as for preceding, except 27/IX/2022, 5♂ 4♀ (CARCIB-Ar-4768); same data as for preceding, except C. Frieven leg., 11/ VI /2003, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4770); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 16/ VI /2003, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4772); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, I. Posada leg., 26/VIII/2002, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4774); same data as for preceding, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-5317); same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto leg., 20/IX/2003, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4776); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 16/ VI /2003, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-4777); same data as for preceding, except 26/ X/2002, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4778); same data as for preceding, except 20/X/2003, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4779); same data as for preceding, except I. Posada leg., 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4780); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 08/II/2003, 1♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-4783); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 27/IX/2002, 1♂ 2♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-4784); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 26/VIII/2002, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4785); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 27/IX/2002, 2♀ 6 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-4786); same data as for preceding, 2♂ 2♀ (CARCIB-Ar-4788); same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto, A. Trujano leg., 14/XII/2002, 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-4789); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 27/ IX/2002, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4790); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 26/X/2002, 2♂ 2♀ (CARCIB-Ar-4791); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 06/IV/2003, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4792); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 27/IX/2002, 8♂ 5♀ (CARCIB-Ar-4793); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios leg., 16/ VI /2003, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-5318); same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto leg., 08/II/2003, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4794); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 26/VIII/2002, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4795); same data as for preceding, except I. Posada leg., 20/IX/2003, 2♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4798); San José de Comondú, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.8202&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.0594" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.8202/lat 26.0594)">Arroyo Comondú</a> (26.0594°N, 111.8202°W, 295 m), pitfall, C. Frieven leg., 11/ X/2003, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4769) ; same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto leg., 29/IX/2002, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4771); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 11/X/2003, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4773); same data as for preceding, except I. Posada leg., 08/IV/2003, 1♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-4775); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 11/X/2003, 1♂ 2♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-4781); same data as for preceding, except I. Posada leg., 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4782); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 29/IX/2002, 1♂ 1♀ (CARCIB-Ar-4787); same data as for preceding, except unammed collector, 08/IV/2003, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-5319); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 11/X/2003, 1♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-4796); same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto leg., 28/X/2002, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4797); Loreto, San Basilio, 2 km of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.4433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.3618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.4433/lat 26.3618)">Rancho</a> “Dagoberto” (26.3618°N, 111.4433°W, 17 m), manual collection, D. Chamé leg., 03/IX/2021, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4765) .</p><p>Diagnosis (modified from Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005). Males of O. hoffmannae resemble those of O. culichi spec. nov. by having the radical apophysis and protrusion forming a C-shape concavity in prolateral view; however, O. hoffmannae possesses the radical apophysis about of the same length as terminal apophysis (Figs 45, 47, Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005: figs 2, 3; vs. shorter in O. culichi spec. nov., Figs 5, 7), and apically flattened, as seen ventrally (Figs 46, 47, Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005: fig. 3; vs. blunt in O. culichi spec. nov., Figs 6, 7). The females O. hoffmannae resemble those of O. culiacanensis Shear, 1970 by having a broad scape slightly longer than wide; however, in O. hoffmannae, the copulatory openings located at the apex of scape (Figs 48, 49, Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005: fig. 4; vs. opening into notches apically, Shear 1970: fig. 45), and the copulatory ducts which are contiguous at the scape base (Figs 48, 49, Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005: fig 4; vs. divergent at the scape base; see Shear 1970: fig. 45).</p><p>Complementary description. Male palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis subrectangular, with a moderately pronounced proventral flange, apex flattened dorsoventrally, same apophysis looks somewhat bifid ventrally and retrolaterally; radical protrusion short, subtriangular and pointed; radical apophysis and protrusion conform a C-shape concavity (Figs 45–47); terminal apophysis basally broad, distally blunt, same apophysis with a basal triangular process near embolus; conductor with two processes directed retroventrally and one protruding hyaline rim above the hyaline, long, and pointed median process, lower process short, subtriangular, heavily sclerotized, and blunt; embolus filiform directed retroventrad (Figs 70–72).</p><p>Epigyne. Scape slightly longer than wide; attenuated apically but apex margin somewhat straight; copulatory openings small, situated on scape apex; posterior two-thirds of epigynal plate striated (Fig. 48). Vulva . Copulatory ducts tubiform, slender, and long, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles, ducts path sinuous before receptacles insertion; sclerotized capsules elongated, longitudinal, situated laterally at scape base; receptacles hyaline and globose; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior third of the epigynal length (Fig. 50).</p><p>Remarks. Jiménez &amp; Llinas (2005) confused a secondary basal process of terminal apophysis as the embolus (labeled “e” in Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005: fig. 3). Nevertheless, the embolus is filiform.</p><p>Natural history. Specimens of this species have been collected in xeric scrublands in Baja California Sur.Adult specimens have been found in February, April, June, August, September, and October (Jiménez &amp; Llinas 2005).</p><p>Distribution. The species is a narrow endemic known only from northern Baja California Sur (Comondú and Loreto municipalities), Mexico (Fig. 76).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A1A0620675E041285FB282F1EFA12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Jiménez, María-Luisa	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620615E181285F9942D95FC31.text	038A1A0620615E181285F9942D95FC31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oecobius isolatoides Shear 1970	<div><p>Oecobius isolatoides Shear, 1970</p><p>Figs 51–60, 73–75</p><p>Oecobius isolatoides Shear, 1970: 150, figs 19, 37, 62–63 (Female holotype and male paratype from El Coyote, Sonora, deposited in the American Museum of Natural History; not examined). Baum 1980: 343, figs 10–12.</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO: Sinaloa, Ahome, Los Mochis in the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.4571&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.6726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.4571/lat 26.6726)">Cerro</a> of “La Memoria”(25.8130°N, 108.9697°W, 79 m), low tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 19/VII/2022, 3♀ (CARCIB-Ar-5320); same data as for preceding, except (25.8128°N, 108.9684°W, 20 m), 18/VII/2022, 1♂ 3 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-5321); same data as for preceding, except (25.8100°N, 108.9712°W, 15 m), 18/XII/2021, 1♂ 5♀ 4 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-5322); same data as for preceding, except (25.8058°N, 108.9734°W, 21 m), 10/I/2022, 1♀ 15 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-4801); same data as for preceding, except (25.8093°N, 108.9714°W, 45 m), 05/I/2022, 1♂ 1♀ 8 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-4802); Cañón del Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.4571&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.6726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.4571/lat 26.6726)">Sierra de Barobampo</a> (26.0308°N, 109.0326°W, 94 m), low tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 23/VII/2022, 1♂ 3♀ (CARCIB-Ar-4803); Choix, 2.36 km of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.4571&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.6726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.4571/lat 26.6726)">La Estancia Baymena</a> (26.5888°N, 108.2471°W, 448 m), riparian vegetation, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 25/VII/2022, 1♂ 7♀ 2 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-4799); same data as for preceding, except (26.5900°N, 108.2494°W, 422 m), 2♀ 7 juvs (CARCIB-Ar-4800); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.4571&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.6726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.4571/lat 26.6726)">San Javier</a> (26.6726°N, 108.4571°W, 223 m), house walls, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 13/IV/2022, 2♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-5323) ; Sonora, Arizpe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.1323&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.5554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.1323/lat 30.5554)">Rancho “Las Playitas II”</a>, 14.75 km of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.1323&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.5554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.1323/lat 30.5554)">Bacoachi</a> (30.5690°N, 110.1041°W, 1,138 m), xerophyte scrub, manual collection. J. Alcántar, K. Gómez leg., 18/IV/2022, 1♂ (CARCIB-Ar-4804); Cañón “Las Paredcitas”, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.1323&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.5554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.1323/lat 30.5554)">Rancho “Las Playitas I”</a>, 17.83 km of Bacoachi (30.5554°N, 110.1323°W, 1,071 m), riparian vegetation, manual collection, J. Alcántar, D. Chamé, K. Gómez, C. Palacios leg., 20/IV/2022, 1♂ 9♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar-4805) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The male palp of O. isolatoides resembles that in O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov., by having a rectangular radical apophysis shorter than the curved and pointed terminal apophysis; however, O. isolatoides lacks a membrane on radical apophysis (Figs 55, 56, Shear 1970: fig. 63; vs. membrane present in O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov., Figs 15–17), and the conductor bears one long, hyaline process (Fig 57, Shear 1970: fig. 62; vs. conductor bears three apophysis in O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov., Fig. 17). Females of O. isolatoides resemble those of O. isolatus by having the scape longer than wide; however, in O. isolatoides, the width of the apex of the scape is about one-third of scape base width (Fig. 58, Shear 1970: fig. 37; vs. about half of scape base width, Shear 1970: fig. 35).</p><p>Complementary description. Male palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis rectangular (see variation section below); radical protrusion short and pointed; terminal apophysis curved upward and concave (Fig. 55). Conductor with one hyaline process directed ventrad; embolus tubiform, curved, sclerotized, directed ventrad (Fig. 57).</p><p>Epigyne. Scape slightly longer than wide (about 1.3 longer than wide), apex width about one third of base width; copulatory openings situated in apex of scape (Fig. 58). Vulva . Copulatory ducts tubiform, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles; sclerotized capsules small, elongated; receptacles hyaline and globose; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior third of the epigynal length (Fig. 60).</p><p>Variation. The coloration of females is usually darker than males. The number of white spots on opisthosoma venter varies, but females generally have a reduced number of white spots. A male specimen (CARCIB-Ar-4799) exhibits a more protruding lower edge of the radical apophysis on left palp (Fig. 56) compared to other specimens from Sinaloa and Sonora assigned to the same species. Additionally, this specimen has a hyaline process that is basally wider than those observed in other specimens. The right palp of same specimen matches the images of Shear (1970). Females within the same specimen batch (CARCIB-Ar-4799) exhibit sclerotized capsules, ranging from slightly discernible to clearly visible through integument.</p><p>Natural history. In Sinaloa, specimens of this species were frequently found under rocks in riparian vegetation, xerophyte scrub, and tropical deciduous forest. In Sonora, they were found on canyon walls, up to four meters from the ground, with webs placed following an active ant path. Adult specimens were collected in January, April, July, and December. Three round ovisacs with 6 to 7 eggs were found in January and July of 2022 (N=3). Furthermore, this species has a wide altitudinal range and can be found from 15 to 1,138 meters above sea level.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from southern Arizona (U.S.A.), Sonora, and Sinaloa (Mexico) (Shear 1970); see Fig. 76.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A1A0620615E181285F9942D95FC31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Jiménez, María-Luisa	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
