taxonID	type	description	language	source
038A1A06206D5E0B1285F9D02F4EFB59.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Clotho cellariorum Dugès, 1836.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206D5E0B1285F9D02F4EFB59.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The generic limits of Oecobius are problematic (Shear 1970). Zamani et al. (2024) recently suggested that several species groups can be distinguished based primarily on the conformation of their copulatory organs, thus corroborating observations from previous studies of the genus; see discussion by Lehtinen (1967) and Shear (1970). Despite this, all species currently distributed in Mexico remain placed within Oecobius. This genus can be distinguished from Platoecobius Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935, the only other genera found in the Americas, by having a moderately elevated pars cephalica and ocular area as long as, or longer than, wide (Chamberlin & Ivie 1935; Santos & Gonzaga 2008). Shear (1970) distinguished a group of Mexican species based on shared habitus coloration and similar copulatory organs morphology. Specifically, Shear (1970: 132) stated that O. rivula exemplifies this group by possessing a thick and robust radical apophysis (process of radix) and enlarged stipes positioned mesally. Jiménez & Llinas (2005) referred to the same structures as radix and terminal apophysis, respectively. Jiménez & Llinas (2005) observed a small basal protuberance on radix, which they labeled as radical apophysis, but it differs from the structure described by Shear (1970). Shear seemingly did not label this secondary apophysis on the radix. The only apparent point of agreement between Shear (1970) and Jiménez & Llinas (2005) concerns the conductor, described as a large and complex structure bearing apophyses and located ectally in the “ Mexican ” group. Females within the “ Mexican ” group share a relatively long and broad scape. The fertilization tubes (sensu Shear 1970: 133) are visible through the integument and run anteriorly along the scape. Jiménez & Llinas (2005) referred to these structures as copulatory ducts, a term we consider more appropriate. The copulatory openings are located on or near the distal margin of the scape. Shear (1970) appears to have omitted a detailed examination of the vulva. This is evidenced by the lack of comment or illustration regarding the characteristic, weakly sclerotized, elongated, and globose sac observed in many Oecobius species. This sac, susceptible to collapsing after dissection, was labeled as spermathecae by Jiménez & Llinas (2005) and receptaculum by Baum (1972). Conversely, Shear (1970) identified structures with heavy walls as spermathecae, corresponding to the sclerotized capsule described by Baum (1972) and Jiménez & Llinas (2005). This capsule represents a sclerotized and expanded section of a duct, emerging posteriorly to the sac in O. rivula (Baum 1972; 1980). Given that Baum (1972, 1980) provides a more comprehensive analysis of the vulval conformation in Oecobiidae, we consider the terms ‘ capsule’ and ‘ receptacle’ more appropriate for the time being. Despite the relative complexity of the oecobiid male palps and epigynes, the species described below exhibit conspicuous differences in external characteristics, such as the radix and terminal apophyses, as well as the shape of the scape of the epigyne.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206D5E0B1285F9D02F4EFB59.taxon	distribution	Distribution of “ Mexican ” group: Southwestern US (California and Arizona) and Northwestern Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 10, 61 – 63	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 038): MEXICO: Sinaloa, Culiacán, Culiacán Rosales (24.7644 ° N, 107.3443 ° W, 108 m), tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 11 / VII / 2022. Paratypes: Same data as for holotype, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 039); same data as for holotype, 3 ♂ 3 ♀ 16 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0229); same data as for holotype, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 230).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Spanish popular term “ culichi ”, which means “ native of Culiacán ”, in reference to the type locality.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male palp of O. culichi spec. nov. resemble those of O. hoffmannae by having the radical apophysis and protrusion forming a C-shape concavity in prolateral view (Figs 5, 61); however, O. culichi spec. nov. possesses the radical apophysis shorter than the terminal apophysis (Figs 5, 61; vs. about of the same length in O. hoffmannae, Figs 45, 70, Jiménez & Llinas 2005: fig. 2) and apically blunt (Figs 6, 62; vs. apically flattened in O. hoffmannae, Figs 46, 72, Jiménez & Llinas 2005: fig. 3). Females of O. culichi spec. nov. resemble those of O. piaxtla Shear, 1970 by having a relatively short and wide scape; however, the scape in O. culichi spec. nov. is oval-shaped and transverse (Fig. 8; vs. narrowed distally in O. piaxtla, Shear 1970: fig. 38), and the posterior portion of copulatory ducts are spiraled (Figs 9, 10; vs. tubiform in O. piaxtla, Shear 1970: fig. 38).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39.taxon	description	Description. Male. Coloration. Carapace light brown with three dark and three white submarginal spots, and two small white spots in the clypeal area. The eye area bordered with black. Legs whitish, with black rings on segments (usually broken) as follows: Fm with two, Pa with one, Ti with two, Mt with two, Ta with one, very diffused distally (Fig. 1). Sternum, labium and endites whitish, sternum with short, diffused dark lines directed to the center (Fig. 2). Opisthosoma dorsum whitish, with white and black spots interspersed, and a large, brown cardiac mark; sides suffused with dark spots (Fig. 1). Opisthosoma venter dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, median area whitish, with few interspersed dark and white spots and broken longitudinal brown stripes. Spinnerets and anal tubercle are mostly whitish, but distal segment of PLS darker dorsally (Fig. 2). Carapace suboval, wider than long, with subtriangular clypeal projection. AER and PER slightly recurved. PLE largest, separated by two diameters; PME subtriangular and opalescent, separated by one diameter. AME smallest, separated by one diameter; ALE opalescent, slightly smaller than PLE, closer to AME than PLE. Endites subtriangular. Opisthosoma suboval and slightly pointed posteriorly. Measurements: total length 1.94. Carapace 0.74 long, 0.84 wide. Opisthosoma 1.19 long, 0.76 wide. Ti I 0.50, II 0.51, III 0.53, IV 0.58. Palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis and protrusion delimits a C-shape concavity; radical apophysis subtriangular, with blunt apex; radical protrusion short, triangular, and pointed; terminal apophysis subtriangular (basally broad, distally pointed) (Figs 5, 61). Conductor with two sclerotized apophyses directed retroventrally, the subapical one long and spiniform, the subbasal one small and triangular; embolus base broad, apically tubiform, directed ventrally (Fig. 7). Female. Coloration: Similar to male, except for carapace darker and white spots inconspicuous; sternum with dark lines inconspicuous. Dorsum of opisthosoma suffused with more dark spots, but venter with less white spots. Measurements: total length 2.52. Carapace 0.79 long, 0.86 wide. Opisthosoma 1.73 long, 1.29 wide. Ti I 0.50, II 0.54, III 0.50, IV 0.58. Epigyne. Scape wider than long, oval-shaped, restricted to the anterior half of epigynal plate; posterior half of epigynal plate striated; copulatory openings closely spaced, near the scape apex (Fig. 8). Vulva. Copulatory ducts directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles, first part somewhat tubular, then spiraled; receptacles hyaline and globose; sclerotized capsules elongated, sinuous, situated laterally to copulatory openings; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior third of the epigynal length (Figs 9 – 10). Variation. Female carapace coloration is usually darker than that in male. The number of white and darks spots on opisthosoma venter varies, but males generally have a reduced number of black spots. Measurement: Females (N = 3): total length 2.22 – 2.74. Carapace 0.73 – 0.82 long, 0.83 – 0.88 wide. Opisthosoma 1.49 – 1.92 long, 1.16 – 1.52 wide. Ti I 0.50 – 0.55, II 0.53 – 0.57, III 0.48 – 0.58, IV 0.56 – 0.66. Males (N = 3): total length 1.89 – 1.94. Carapace 0.74 – 0.79 long, 0.84 – 0.86 wide. Opisthosoma 1.09 – 1.19 long, 0.76 – 0.89 wide. Ti I 0.49 – 0.50, II 0.51 – 0.56, III 0.53 – 0.55, IV 0.58 – 0.60.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. Specimens of this species were found beneath stones in disturbed areas of tropical deciduous forest near residential areas. In July 2022, we documented the presence of two rounded ovisacs, containing six and seven eggs, respectively (N = 2).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206E5E0D1285FB5C2946FA39.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from its type locality in Culiacán, Sinaloa (Fig. 76).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D.taxon	description	Figs 11 – 20, 64 – 66	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 040): MEXICO: Baja California Sur, La Paz, Reserva Dra. Laura Arriaga (24.1298 ° N, 110.4357 ° W, 18 m), sarcocaule scrub, pitfall, D. Vega, F. Moreno leg., 13 / VI / 2015. Paratypes: Same data as for holotype, except (24.1290 ° N, 110.4307 ° W, 14 m), 11 / VII / 2015, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 06); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0304); La Paz, presa Buena Mujer (24.0888 ° N, 110.1936 ° W, 180 m), pitfall, unnamed collector, 17 / III / 2004, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 344); same data as for preceding, except 21 / IV / 2004, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0259); same data as for preceding, except 21 / VII / 2004, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0260); same data as for preceding, except 21 / V / 2004, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0273); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0274); same data as for preceding, except 25 / VIII / 2004, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0284); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0285); same data as for preceding, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0286); same data as for preceding, 2 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0287). Other material examined. MEXICO: Baja California Sur, La Paz, Reserva Dra. Laura Arriaga (24.1298 ° N, 110.4357 ° W, 18 m), sarcocaule scrub, pitfall, D. Vega, F. Moreno leg., 13 / VI / 2015, 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 0303); arroyo El Novillo, 4 km of San Pedro (23.9279 ° N, 110.2250 ° W, 220 m), pitfall, unnamed collector, 16 / III / 2004, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 345); same data as for preceding, 2 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0246); same data as for preceding, 2 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0247); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0248); same data as for preceding, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0249); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0250); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0251); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 346); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 347); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 348); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0252); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 349); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 350); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 351); same data as for preceding, except 16 / V / 2004, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0253); same data as for preceding, except 18 / VI / 2004, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0257); same data as for preceding, except 18 / XI / 2004, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0256); same data as for preceding, except 21 / X / 2004, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0261); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0262); same data as for preceding, except transition between tropical deciduous forest and sarcocaule scrub, 22 / IV / 2004, 3 ♂ 3 ♀ 3 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0263); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0264); same data as for preceding, 2 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0265); same data as for preceding, 4 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 0266); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0267); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0268); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0269); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0270); same data as for preceding, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0271); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 352); same data as for preceding, except 22 / VII / 2004, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0272); same data as for preceding, except 25 / V / 2004, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0275); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0276); same data as for preceding, 2 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0277); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0278); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0279); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0280); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0281); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 0282); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0283); same data as for preceding, except 26 / VIII / 2004, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0288); same data as for preceding, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0289); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 0290); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0291); same data as for preceding, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0292); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0293); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ 2 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0294); same data as for preceding, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0295); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0296); Lomas de Centenario, 9.36 km of La Paz (24.1057 ° N, 110.4355 ° W, 33 m), exterior of house, manual collection, C. Palacios leg., 04 / IX / 2022, 1 ♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 0241); Reserva Dra. Laura Arriaga of CIBNOR (24.1288 ° N, 110.4336 ° W, 14 m), manual collection, unnamed collector, 04 / V / 2005, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0242); same data as for preceding, except (24.1292 ° N, W 110.4305 ° W, 11 m), sarcocaule scrub, pitfall, D. Vega, F. Moreno leg., 11 / VII / 2015, 1 ♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 0243); same data as for preceding, except (24.1293 ° N, 110.4362 ° W, 15 m), 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0245); same data as for preceding, except (24.1298 ° N, 110.4357 ° W, 18 m), 13 / VI / 2015, 1 ♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 0302); same data as for preceding, except (24.1288 ° N, 110.4310 ° W, 14 m), 28 / VIII / 2015, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0300); San Pedrito del Palmar, Todos Santos (23.6522 ° N, 110.3602 ° W, 100 m), pitfall, unnamed collector, 19 / III / 2005, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0258); 0.83 km of the colonia Álamos near the border of La Paz airport (24.0840 ° N, 110.3540 ° W, 16 m), exterior of a house, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 17 / IX / 2022, 2 ♂ 3 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0231); same data as for preceding, except 18 / IX / 2022, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ 3 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0232); same data as for preceding, except 24 / IX / 2022, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0233); Los Cabos, 0.7 km of El Chorro (23.4388 ° N, 109.8041 ° W, 195 m), pitfall, unnamed collector, 01 / III / 2005, 1 ♂ 2 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0234); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios leg., 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0235); same data as for preceding, except unnamed collector, 01 / IX / 2005, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0236); same data as for preceding, except sweep net, M. Correa leg., 2 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0237); same data as for preceding, except pitfall, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0238); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0239); same data as for preceding, 4 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0240); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios leg., 16 / V / 2005, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0254); same data as for preceding, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0255); same data as for preceding, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 353); same data as for preceding, except 27 / VII / 2005, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0297); same data as for preceding, except 28 / VII / 2005, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 0298); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0299); same data as for preceding, except 28 / X / 2005, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0301).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a Spanish demonym for the people born in Baja California Sur.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male palp of O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov. resembles those of O. isolatoides Shear, 1970, by having rectangular radical apophysis apically truncated and shorter than the curved terminal apophysis; however, O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov. has a large hyaline membrane on radical apophysis (arrow in Figs 15 – 17; vs. without membrane in O. isolatoides, Fig. 55, Shear 1970: fig. 63) and the conductor bears three apophyses (Figs 17, 66; vs. only one hyaline apophysis in O. isolatoides, Figs 57, 75, Shear 1970: fig. 62). Epigyne in O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov. resemble those in O. yaqui spec. nov. by having a scape longer than wide; however, O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov. has the scape oblong, almost three times longer than wide (Fig. 18; vs. oval-shaped, two times longer in O. yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28), tip notched (Fig. 18; vs. not notched in O. yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28), and copulatory openings displaced (located about the posterior third of scape length) (Fig. 18; vs. located at the tip of scape in O. yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D.taxon	description	Description. Male. Coloration. Carapace light brown with three dark submarginal spots. Eye area bordered with black. Legs pale yellowish, with black rings on segments (usually broken) as follows: Fe with two, Pa with one, Ti with two, Mt with two, Ta with one, very diffused distally. Sternum, labium and endites yellowish, sternum with diffused dark lines in margins (Figs 11 – 12). Opisthosoma dorsum suffused with white spots and few dark brown interspersed, and a large, brown cardiac mark; sides suffused with white spots. Opisthosoma venter light brown anteriorly and posteriorly, median area yellowish with white spots. Spinnerets and anal tubercle mostly pale yellow; distal segment of PLS darker dorsally (Fig. 11). Carapace, eyes, mouthparts, and opisthosoma as Oecobius culichi spec. nov. except AME slightly larger than PME, separated by one diameter. Measurements: total length 2.18. Carapace 0.86 long, 1.03 wide. Opisthosoma 1.32 long, 0.92 wide. Ti I 0.67, II 0.76, III 0.72, IV 0.79. Palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis rectangular, shorter than terminal apophysis, a lateral hyaline membrane runs almost all process length (white arrow in Figs 15 – 17); radical protrusion short, pointed; terminal apophysis long, curved upward, apex flattened dorsoventrally. Conductor with three processes directed retroventrally, the subapical one hyaline, long, and pointed, the middle one sclerotized and pointed, the subbasal one short, heavily sclerotized and blunt; embolus long, tubiform directed retroventrally (Figs 64 – 66). Female. Coloration: Similar to male, but carapace darker with inconspicuous white spots; opisthosoma dorsum brownish with white and dark spots, venter with fewer white spots. Measurements: total length 2.78. Carapace 0.83 long, 0.96 wide. Opisthosoma 1.95 long, 1.42 wide. Ti I 0.66, II 0.66, III 0.54, IV 0.73. Epigyne. Scape oblong, about three times long as wide; scape tip notched; copulatory openings located in the apical third of scape length (Figs 18 – 19). Vulva. Copulatory ducts long and tubiform, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles; receptacles hyaline and globose; sclerotized capsules elongated and transversal, situated laterally at scape base; blind appendix reniform; restricted to posterior third of the epigyne length (Fig. 20). Variation. Female carapace coloration is usually darker than that in males. The number of white spots on opisthosoma venter varies, but females generally have a reduced number. Measurements: Females (N = 9): total length 1.99 – 2.88. Carapace 0.73 – 0.93 long, 0.79 – 1.03 wide. Opisthosoma 1.26 – 1.95 long, 0.89 – 1.62 wide. Ti I 0.53 – 0.73, II 0.56 – 0.76, III 0.53 – 0.70, IV 0.53 – 0.78. Males (N = 9): total length 1.75 – 2.65. Carapace 0.76 – 0.96 long, 0.96 – 1.09 wide. Opisthosoma 0.99 – 1.69 long, 0.70 – 1.26 wide. Ti I 0.56 – 0.71, II 0.63 – 0.74, III 0.60 – 0.73, IV 0.60 – 0.76.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. Specimens of this species were predominantly collected using pitfall traps in sarcocaule scrubland and tropical deciduous forest (Palacios-Cardiel, pers. obs.). Additionally, specimens were found on exterior walls of houses in La Paz, Baja California Sur. In September of 2022, four round ovisacs were observed, with a range of 10 to 14 eggs (N = 4).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620685E0E1285F9BC2CD4FA1D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is known only from southern Baja California Sur (La Paz and Los Cabos municipalities) (Fig. 76).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9.taxon	description	Figs 21 – 30	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 036), MEXICO: Sonora, Hermosillo, Hermosillo City, Stadium Sonora (29.0697 ° N, 111.0575 ° W, 195 m), deciduous xerophyte scrub, manual collection, K. Gómez leg., 19 / III / 2022. Paratypes: Same data as for holotype, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 037); same data as for holotype, 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 0228).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Yaqui indigenous ethnic group, who inhabits Sonora.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male palp of O. yaqui spec. nov. resembles those of O. yoreme spec. nov. by having the radical apophysis about the same length than terminal apophysis; however, O. yaqui spec. nov. possesses a large, median protrusion on radical apophysis (Fig. 26; vs. without protrusion on radical apophysis in O. yoreme spec. nov., Fig. 36), and a curved terminal apophysis, right-angled at one-third of its length (Fig. 25; vs. apically hooked in O. yoreme spec. nov., Fig. 35). Females O. yaqui spec. nov. resemble those of O. hoffmannae by having the scape longer than wide, with copulatory openings on scape apex, and copulatory ducts running anteriorly on scape; however, O. yaqui spec. nov., possesses the scape almost two times longer than wide (Fig. 28; vs. less than 1.3 times longer than wide in O. hoffmannae, Fig. 48; Jiménez & Llinas 2005: fig. 4).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9.taxon	description	Description. Male. Coloration: Carapace light brown with three dark submarginal spots. Eye area bordered with black. Legs pale white, with black rings on segments (usually broken) as follows: Fe with two, Pa with one, Ti with two, Mt with two. Sternum, labium and endites whitish. Opisthosoma dorsum with white and dark brown spots interspersed, and a large, brown cardiac mark; sides suffused with dark spots. Opisthosoma venter dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, median area light, with few interspersed white spots and a posterior dark band. Spinnerets and anal tubercle dark brown (Figs 21 – 22). Carapace, eyes, mouthparts, and opisthosoma as in Oecobius culichi spec. nov. Measurements: total length 2.15. Carapace 0.79 long, 0.96 wide. Opisthosoma 1.36 long, 0.95 wide. Ti I 0.66, II 0.66, III 0.70, IV 0.71. Palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis subtriangular, with median protrusion broadly attached, directed prolaterad; radical protrusion short and pointed; terminal apophysis thinner than radical apophysis, curved (right angled at one-third of its length) with apex flattened dorsoventrally, same apophysis with basal, claw-shaped process near embolus. Conductor with two processes directed retroventrally and one protruding hyaline rim above the long, pointed hyaline median process, lower process short, subtriangular; embolus filiform directed retroventrally (Figs 25 – 27). Female. Coloration: Carapace and opisthosoma as male but carapace slightly darker and opisthosoma suffused with more white spots and epigastric area whitish with two black spots (Figs 23 – 24). Measurements: total length 2.24. Carapace 0.78 long, 0.86 wide. Opisthosoma 1.46 long, 1.17 wide. Ti I – IV missing. Epigyne. Scape longer than wide, oval-shaped, slightly pointed apically; copulatory openings small, situated on scape apex; posterior quarter of epigynal plate striated. Vulva. Copulatory ducts tubiform, slender, and long, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles; sclerotized capsules elongated, longitudinal, situated laterally at scape base; receptacles hyaline and globose; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior third of the epigynal length (Figs 28 – 30).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. Specimens of this species were found under a boulder in a scrubland area in Sonora in March 2022.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A06206B5E001285F9982E27FBE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 76).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD.taxon	description	Figs 31 – 40, 67 – 69	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 034): MEXICO: Sinaloa, El Fuerte, Cerro “ La Máscara ” (26.4369 ° N, 108.6242 ° W, 106 m), tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 07 / II / 2022. Paratypes: Same data as for holotype, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 035); Ahome, Bolsa de Tozalibampo Dos (26.1015 ° N, 109.1896 ° W, 11 m), manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 15 / I / 2022, 2 ♂ 3 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0223); Choix, La Estancia Baymena (26.5741 ° N, 108.2664 ° W, 427 m), exterior of a house in the wall, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 11 / VI / 2021, 1 ♂ 4 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0226); same data as for preceding, except 25 / VII / 2022, 3 ♂ 6 ♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 354); El Fuerte, El Fuerte in Cerro of “ La Máscara ” (26.4369 ° N, 108.6242 ° W, 106 m), tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 07 / II / 2022, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ 5 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0227); Sinaloa de Leyva, Maripa, (25.8609 ° N, 108.1586 ° W, 75 m), under of a stone in exterior of a house, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 17 / I / 2022, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0222); Baburía, Baburía cemetery (25.8500 ° N, 108.1904 ° W, 67 m), manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 02 / XI / 2022, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 0220); same data as for preceding, except 02 / XI / 2021, 2 ♀ 5 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0224); 1.45 km of Matapán del Llano, (25.9096 ° N, 108.1142 ° W, 91 m), tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 18 / I / 2022, 4 ♂ 14 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 0225).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Yoreme-Mayo, an indigenous ethnic group that lives in northern Sinaloa and southern Sonora.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male palp of O. yoreme spec. nov. resembles those of O. yaqui spec. nov. by having the radical apophysis of about the same length as terminal apophysis; however, O. yoreme spec. nov. possesses the base of terminal apophysis striated (arrow in Figs 35, 36; vs. not striated in O. yaqui spec. nov., Figs 25, 26) and apically hook-shaped, as seen in prolateral and retrolateral views (Figs 35, 37; vs. apically straight in O. yaqui spec. nov., Figs 25, 27). Females of O. yoreme spec. nov. resemble those of Oecobius yaqui spec. nov. by having the scape longer than wide; however, O. yoreme spec. nov. has a subrectangular-shaped scape (Fig. 38; vs. oval in Oecobius yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28) and a notched apex of the scape (Fig. 38; vs. not notched in Oecobius yaqui spec. nov., Fig. 28).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD.taxon	description	Description. Male. Coloration: Carapace brown with three dark and three white submarginal spots, and one small spot in the clypeal area. The eye area bordered with black. Legs pale whitish, with black rings on segments (usually broken) as follows: Fe with two, Pa with one, Ti with two, Mt with two, Ta with one, very diffused distally. Sternum, labium and endites pale brown. Opisthosoma dorsum with white and dark spots, brown cardiac mark; sides suffused with dark spots. Opisthosoma venter dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, median area whitish, with few white spots. Spinnerets and anal tubercle light brown. Carapace, eyes, mouthparts, and opisthosoma as in Oecobius culichi spec. nov. Measurements: total length 1.89. Carapace 0.83 long, 0.89 wide. Opisthosoma 1.07 long, 0.80 wide. Ti I 0.54, II 0.63, III 0.60, IV 0.63. Palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis subrectangular, apically blunt and broad; radical protrusion short, subtriangular, and pointed; terminal apophysis with broad base, ventrally striated, apically curved (hook-shaped), tip somewhat flattened and concave, same apophysis with a lamelliform process below embolus (Figs 35 – 37). Conductor with two spiniform processes directed retroventrally, the subapical one hyaline, medial one slightly sclerotized; embolus filiform, directed retrolaterally (Figs 68 – 69). Female. Coloration: Similar to male, but carapace spots diffused. Opisthosoma dorsum brownish with white and black spots; opisthosoma a wide venter median area light brown, without few white spots. Measurements: total length 2.72. Carapace 0.73 long, 0.75 wide. Opisthosoma 1.99 long, 1.40 wide. Ti I 0.57, II 0.60, III 0.58, IV 0.64. Epigyne. Scape longer than wide, subrectangular, apically notched; copulatory openings situated in scape notch. Vulva. Copulatory ducts long, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles; receptacles hyaline and globose; sclerotized capsules elongated, arched, situated laterally at scape base; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior fifth of the epigynal length (Figs 38 – 39). Variation. The coloration of males is usually darker than females. The number of white spots on opisthosoma venter varies, but females generally have a reduced number of white spots. Measurements: Females (N = 3) Total length 2.38 – 3.29. Carapace 0.73 – 1.00 long, 0.75 – 1.13 wide. Opisthosoma 1.66 – 2.28 long, 1.36 – 1.72 wide. Ti I 0.53 – 0.76, II 0.55 – 0.78, III 0.51 – 0.76, IV 0.60 – 0.79. Males (N = 3): Total length 1.89 – 2.48. Carapace 0.83 – 0.99 long, 0.89 – 1.16 wide. Opisthosoma 1.07 – 1.16 long, 0.80 – 1.49 wide. Ti I 0.54 – 0.73, II 0.63 – 0.76, III 0.60 – 0.72, IV 0.63 – 0.73.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. Specimens of this species were found under rocks, although some were observed inhabiting house walls. In January and February of 2022, 10 round ovisacs were found, with a range of 3 to 9 eggs (N = 10).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620655E021285FBCC293BFBCD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. An endemic species known only from northern Sinaloa (Fig. 76).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620675E041285FB282F1EFA12.taxon	description	Figs 41 – 50, 70 – 72	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620675E041285FB282F1EFA12.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO: Baja California Sur, Comondú, San Isidro-La Purísima (26.2008 ° N, 112.0483 ° W, 118 m), pitfall, G. Nieto leg., 26 / VIII / 2002, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4766); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 26 / X / 2002, 2 ♂ 4 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 4767); same data as for preceding, except 27 / IX / 2022, 5 ♂ 4 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 4768); same data as for preceding, except C. Frieven leg., 11 / VI / 2003, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4770); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 16 / VI / 2003, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4772); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, I. Posada leg., 26 / VIII / 2002, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4774); same data as for preceding, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 5317); same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto leg., 20 / IX / 2003, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4776); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 16 / VI / 2003, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 4777); same data as for preceding, except 26 / X / 2002, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4778); same data as for preceding, except 20 / X / 2003, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4779); same data as for preceding, except I. Posada leg., 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4780); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 08 / II / 2003, 1 ♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 4783); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 27 / IX / 2002, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 4784); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 26 / VIII / 2002, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4785); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 27 / IX / 2002, 2 ♀ 6 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 4786); same data as for preceding, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 4788); same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto, A. Trujano leg., 14 / XII / 2002, 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 4789); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 27 / IX / 2002, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4790); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 26 / X / 2002, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 4791); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 06 / IV / 2003, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4792); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 27 / IX / 2002, 8 ♂ 5 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 4793); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios leg., 16 / VI / 2003, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 5318); same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto leg., 08 / II / 2003, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4794); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 26 / VIII / 2002, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4795); same data as for preceding, except I. Posada leg., 20 / IX / 2003, 2 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4798); San José de Comondú, Arroyo Comondú (26.0594 ° N, 111.8202 ° W, 295 m), pitfall, C. Frieven leg., 11 / X / 2003, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4769); same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto leg., 29 / IX / 2002, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4771); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 11 / X / 2003, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4773); same data as for preceding, except I. Posada leg., 08 / IV / 2003, 1 ♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 4775); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 11 / X / 2003, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 4781); same data as for preceding, except I. Posada leg., 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4782); same data as for preceding, except C. Palacios, C. Frieven leg., 29 / IX / 2002, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 4787); same data as for preceding, except unammed collector, 08 / IV / 2003, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 5319); same data as for preceding, except M. Correa leg., 11 / X / 2003, 1 ♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 4796); same data as for preceding, except G. Nieto leg., 28 / X / 2002, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4797); Loreto, San Basilio, 2 km of Rancho “ Dagoberto ” (26.3618 ° N, 111.4433 ° W, 17 m), manual collection, D. Chamé leg., 03 / IX / 2021, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4765).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620675E041285FB282F1EFA12.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Jiménez & Llinas 2005). Males of O. hoffmannae resemble those of O. culichi spec. nov. by having the radical apophysis and protrusion forming a C-shape concavity in prolateral view; however, O. hoffmannae possesses the radical apophysis about of the same length as terminal apophysis (Figs 45, 47, Jiménez & Llinas 2005: figs 2, 3; vs. shorter in O. culichi spec. nov., Figs 5, 7), and apically flattened, as seen ventrally (Figs 46, 47, Jiménez & Llinas 2005: fig. 3; vs. blunt in O. culichi spec. nov., Figs 6, 7). The females O. hoffmannae resemble those of O. culiacanensis Shear, 1970 by having a broad scape slightly longer than wide; however, in O. hoffmannae, the copulatory openings located at the apex of scape (Figs 48, 49, Jiménez & Llinas 2005: fig. 4; vs. opening into notches apically, Shear 1970: fig. 45), and the copulatory ducts which are contiguous at the scape base (Figs 48, 49, Jiménez & Llinas 2005: fig 4; vs. divergent at the scape base; see Shear 1970: fig. 45). Complementary description. Male palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis subrectangular, with a moderately pronounced proventral flange, apex flattened dorsoventrally, same apophysis looks somewhat bifid ventrally and retrolaterally; radical protrusion short, subtriangular and pointed; radical apophysis and protrusion conform a C-shape concavity (Figs 45 – 47); terminal apophysis basally broad, distally blunt, same apophysis with a basal triangular process near embolus; conductor with two processes directed retroventrally and one protruding hyaline rim above the hyaline, long, and pointed median process, lower process short, subtriangular, heavily sclerotized, and blunt; embolus filiform directed retroventrad (Figs 70 – 72). Epigyne. Scape slightly longer than wide; attenuated apically but apex margin somewhat straight; copulatory openings small, situated on scape apex; posterior two-thirds of epigynal plate striated (Fig. 48). Vulva. Copulatory ducts tubiform, slender, and long, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles, ducts path sinuous before receptacles insertion; sclerotized capsules elongated, longitudinal, situated laterally at scape base; receptacles hyaline and globose; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior third of the epigynal length (Fig. 50).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620675E041285FB282F1EFA12.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Jiménez & Llinas (2005) confused a secondary basal process of terminal apophysis as the embolus (labeled “ e ” in Jiménez & Llinas 2005: fig. 3). Nevertheless, the embolus is filiform.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620675E041285FB282F1EFA12.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. Specimens of this species have been collected in xeric scrublands in Baja California Sur. Adult specimens have been found in February, April, June, August, September, and October (Jiménez & Llinas 2005).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620675E041285FB282F1EFA12.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is a narrow endemic known only from northern Baja California Sur (Comondú and Loreto municipalities), Mexico (Fig. 76).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620615E181285F9942D95FC31.taxon	description	Figs 51 – 60, 73 – 75	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620615E181285F9942D95FC31.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MEXICO: Sinaloa, Ahome, Los Mochis in the Cerro of “ La Memoria ” (25.8130 ° N, 108.9697 ° W, 79 m), low tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 19 / VII / 2022, 3 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 5320); same data as for preceding, except (25.8128 ° N, 108.9684 ° W, 20 m), 18 / VII / 2022, 1 ♂ 3 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 5321); same data as for preceding, except (25.8100 ° N, 108.9712 ° W, 15 m), 18 / XII / 2021, 1 ♂ 5 ♀ 4 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 5322); same data as for preceding, except (25.8058 ° N, 108.9734 ° W, 21 m), 10 / I / 2022, 1 ♀ 15 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 4801); same data as for preceding, except (25.8093 ° N, 108.9714 ° W, 45 m), 05 / I / 2022, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ 8 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 4802); Cañón del Diablo, Sierra de Barobampo (26.0308 ° N, 109.0326 ° W, 94 m), low tropical deciduous forest, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 23 / VII / 2022, 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (CARCIB-Ar- 4803); Choix, 2.36 km of La Estancia Baymena (26.5888 ° N, 108.2471 ° W, 448 m), riparian vegetation, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 25 / VII / 2022, 1 ♂ 7 ♀ 2 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 4799); same data as for preceding, except (26.5900 ° N, 108.2494 ° W, 422 m), 2 ♀ 7 juvs (CARCIB-Ar- 4800); San Javier (26.6726 ° N, 108.4571 ° W, 223 m), house walls, manual collection, J. Alcántar leg., 13 / IV / 2022, 2 ♂ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 5323); Sonora, Arizpe, Rancho “ Las Playitas II ”, 14.75 km of Bacoachi (30.5690 ° N, 110.1041 ° W, 1,138 m), xerophyte scrub, manual collection. J. Alcántar, K. Gómez leg., 18 / IV / 2022, 1 ♂ (CARCIB-Ar- 4804); Cañón “ Las Paredcitas ”, Rancho “ Las Playitas I ”, 17.83 km of Bacoachi (30.5554 ° N, 110.1323 ° W, 1,071 m), riparian vegetation, manual collection, J. Alcántar, D. Chamé, K. Gómez, C. Palacios leg., 20 / IV / 2022, 1 ♂ 9 ♀ 1 juv. (CARCIB-Ar- 4805).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620615E181285F9942D95FC31.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male palp of O. isolatoides resembles that in O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov., by having a rectangular radical apophysis shorter than the curved and pointed terminal apophysis; however, O. isolatoides lacks a membrane on radical apophysis (Figs 55, 56, Shear 1970: fig. 63; vs. membrane present in O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov., Figs 15 – 17), and the conductor bears one long, hyaline process (Fig 57, Shear 1970: fig. 62; vs. conductor bears three apophysis in O. sudcaliforniana spec. nov., Fig. 17). Females of O. isolatoides resemble those of O. isolatus by having the scape longer than wide; however, in O. isolatoides, the width of the apex of the scape is about one-third of scape base width (Fig. 58, Shear 1970: fig. 37; vs. about half of scape base width, Shear 1970: fig. 35). Complementary description. Male palp. In prolateral view, radical apophysis rectangular (see variation section below); radical protrusion short and pointed; terminal apophysis curved upward and concave (Fig. 55). Conductor with one hyaline process directed ventrad; embolus tubiform, curved, sclerotized, directed ventrad (Fig. 57). Epigyne. Scape slightly longer than wide (about 1.3 longer than wide), apex width about one third of base width; copulatory openings situated in apex of scape (Fig. 58). Vulva. Copulatory ducts tubiform, directed anteriorly then arched laterally toward receptacles; sclerotized capsules small, elongated; receptacles hyaline and globose; blind appendix reniform, restricted to posterior third of the epigynal length (Fig. 60).	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620615E181285F9942D95FC31.taxon	description	Variation. The coloration of females is usually darker than males. The number of white spots on opisthosoma venter varies, but females generally have a reduced number of white spots. A male specimen (CARCIB-Ar- 4799) exhibits a more protruding lower edge of the radical apophysis on left palp (Fig. 56) compared to other specimens from Sinaloa and Sonora assigned to the same species. Additionally, this specimen has a hyaline process that is basally wider than those observed in other specimens. The right palp of same specimen matches the images of Shear (1970). Females within the same specimen batch (CARCIB-Ar- 4799) exhibit sclerotized capsules, ranging from slightly discernible to clearly visible through integument.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620615E181285F9942D95FC31.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. In Sinaloa, specimens of this species were frequently found under rocks in riparian vegetation, xerophyte scrub, and tropical deciduous forest. In Sonora, they were found on canyon walls, up to four meters from the ground, with webs placed following an active ant path. Adult specimens were collected in January, April, July, and December. Three round ovisacs with 6 to 7 eggs were found in January and July of 2022 (N = 3). Furthermore, this species has a wide altitudinal range and can be found from 15 to 1,138 meters above sea level.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
038A1A0620615E181285F9942D95FC31.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from southern Arizona (U. S. A.), Sonora, and Sinaloa (Mexico) (Shear 1970); see Fig. 76.	en	Alcántar-Valenzuela, Joel Jair, Chamé-Vázquez, David, Jiménez, María-Luisa (2025): Four new species of the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) from northwestern Mexico. Zootaxa 5679 (4): 501-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
