identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03960C3BE903A860FCBFDFBFFB8C4583.text	03960C3BE903A860FCBFDFBFFB8C4583.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, 1963 de Beauchamp 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Platydemus manokwari</p>
            <p> Platydemus manokwari (Figs 1, 2) was widely known from its invasion of the Pacific islands (Gerlach et al. 2021, Winsor 1983). Because the species is a predator of molluscs, it was deliberately established on various islands to counter another invasion, that of the giant snail  Lissachatina fulica (Férussac, 1821) . We found  Pl. manokwari in only one place in mainland France, a greenhouse in the Jardin des Plantes in the city of Caen (Justine et al. 2014b). When we published this article in 2014, we considered it possible that the species was spreading in the wild since it had been reported at high altitudes in New Guinea (de Beauchamp 1972, Winsor 1990), at temperatures comparable to those of continental Europe. Ten years later, we can confirm that  Pl. manokwari has never been found in the wild in mainland France. Nonetheless, thanks to international collaborations, in 2015 we mentioned the presence of the species in new localities, including the first report in continental North America, in Florida (Justine et al. 2015). As of 2023, the species has now largely invaded Florida and even neighboring states in the United States. The species has recently invaded the French Antilles, including the islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint Martin (Justine et al. 2021) and we often (2023) receive citizen science reports on its continued presence on these islands. Its presence has also been recorded on many islands in the Pacific, including Wallis and Futuna, and on several islands in French Polynesia (Gerlach et al. 2021). </p>
            <p> We also studied the genetic structure of  Pl. manokwari using specimens from different localities around the world (Justine et al. 2015). We have not examined specimens from Papua New Guinea, its place of origin (or, at least, its type locality), but we have had specimens from the relatively nearby Solomon Islands. By studying the cox1 gene, we showed that there are two populations. Both are present on the Solomon Islands, therefore close to the species’ place of origin. One of the populations only invaded Australia, while the other population invaded all other localities (Justine et al. 2015). </p>
            <p> The complete mitogenome has been published for  Pl. manokwari (Gastineau et al. 2020) , the first species for which we observed an unusual length of the cox2 gene, subsequently confirmed in other  Rhynchodeminae (see later paragraph on long cox2). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE903A860FCBFDFBFFB8C4583	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE900A861FCA6DFD3FC7540AA.text	03960C3BE900A861FCA6DFD3FC7540AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obama nungara	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Obama nungara</p>
            <p> We received citizen science reports of  O. nungara (Figs 3–7) as early as April 2013 in France. It is one of the two species that Pierre Gros found in his garden at the very beginning of our study. At that time, it was impossible to correctly identify the species, since it was only described in 2016 (Carbayo et al. 2016), after several years of taxonomic confusion (Lago-Barcia et al. 2015). In our 2020 article, we described how  O. nungara is now the most abundant land flatworm species in mainland France (including Corsica) (Fig. 5), both in terms of presence (72 departments out of the 95 departments), and abundance (hundreds to thousands of individuals in a single garden) (Justine et al. 2020c). </p>
            <p>We showed through genetic analysis of the cox1 gene that the specimens found in France were close to a population found in Argentina, but not to the population found in Brazil (Justine et al. 2020c) (Fig. 6).</p>
            <p>The situation in 2023 is similar, and we continue to record information on the presence of the species. However, some citizen science reports mention the disappearance of the species from certain gardens where it was abundant, an interesting fact that will deserve more attention in coming years.</p>
            <p> Outside of France,  O. nungara is now reported in many other European countries (Čapka and Čejka 2021, Justine et al. 2020c, Mori et al. 2023). While we wrote in 2020 that the species had not been recorded in Germany based on a recent review (Sluys 2019), nor any country east of Germany, we now have unpublished records from this country. The species therefore seems to be progressing easterly. </p>
            <p>Outside of Europe, we have also reported the presence of the species on Reunion Island, an island close to Africa in the Indian Ocean. This was the first record of the species for Africa, although no records are currently available for continental Africa (Justine et al. 2022b). A modelling study at the local scale of Reunion Island showed that the species is limited to an area halfway up the slopes of this island with pronounced relief (Fig. 7). Due to the numerous commercial exchanges between mainland France and Reunion Island, we put forward the hypothesis, supported by a genetic analysis, that the population of Réunion actually came from mainland France, and most likely not from the species’ region of origin in South America (Fig. 6).</p>
            <p> Modelling studies have shown that the global distribution area of  O. nungara could become much wider in the years to come (Fourcade 2021). </p>
            <p> Importantly, we have collaborated on metabarcoding work on the intestinal contents of  O. nungara in France which showed that the species consumes a significant number of earthworm species (Roy et al. 2022). A surprising result is that the species consumes deep-dwelling earthworms (endogeic), whereas  O. nungara is, in principle, a ground surface species. However, we know that the species also consumes molluscs (Boll and Leal-Zanchet 2016) and we have local observation that it prey on slugs and snails, but the metabarcoding analysis concerning molluscs has yet to be completed. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE900A861FCA6DFD3FC7540AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE906A867FCA6D94FFA3F40AA.text	03960C3BE906A867FCA6D94FFA3F40AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878 Moseley 1878	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bipalium kewense</p>
            <p> Bipalium kewense (Figs 8–10) is well known as a species that has invaded most tropical or subtropical regions of the world, particularly through plant transport (Winsor 1983), probably including, in the early stages, “Ward’s Boxes” used to transport exotic plants (Keogh 2020). For  B. kewense , we have received two types of reports for mainland France: a few reports in greenhouses, which have no biogeographical value, and to our surprise numerous reports in open environments, within gardens. The citizen science reports spanned around 20 years, the most emblematic being from an individual who kept an old VHS tape showing the family being surprised by the presence of a large worm in their garden (Justine et al. 2018b). Reports in gardens are restricted to a small coastal strip along the Mediterranean coast and to a wider area along the Atlantic coast that corresponds to the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Fig. 10). These zones correspond to the hottest regions of mainland France and, for the Pyrénées-Atlantiques, to a warm region but where summer is never completely dry. Citizen science accounts report that in order to escape the cold in winter, this species buries itself up to twenty centimeters deep in the soil. Outside of mainland France,  B. kewense is also known from the French Caribbean (Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint Martin), French Guiana, Reunion Island, and French Polynesia (Justine et al. 2018b), regions whose climate better corresponds to its area of origin in Southeast Asia than to mainland France. New records are regularly published from various tropical and semitropical countries (Agnolin et al. 2019, Borge Medina and Nuñez Martinez 2021, de Luna et al. 2022, Morffe et al. 2016, Mori et al. 2023, RodrÍguez-Cabrera and Torres 2019). </p>
            <p> Genetic studies on  B. kewense showed that specimens collected on several continents had exactly the same cox1 sequence (Justine et al. 2018b). This suggests that all the collected individuals, which reproduce asexually and have no sexual organs, are in fact a clone, or, in other words, that a single individual has invaded several continents. However, our studies were limited to a single gene.  Bipalium kewense is also the first species for which we obtained a complete mito - genome (Gastineau et al. 2019) and, as such, was the starting point for our genomic investigations on the  Geoplanidae . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE906A867FCA6D94FFA3F40AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE904A864FF09D94AFB2B439F.text	03960C3BE904A864FF09D94AFB2B439F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diversibipalium multilineatum (Makino & Shirasawa 1983) Kubota & Kawakatsu, 2010 Kubota and Kawakatsu 2010	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Diversibipalium multilineatum</p>
            <p> Diversibipalium multilineatum (Figs 11–13) is a species that closely resembles  B. kewense in size, general appearance, and distribution. The species is, however, easily distinguished from the other by its coloring pattern on a good photograph, particularly the appearance of the head (Justine et al. 2018b). This species is slightly less commonly found than  B. kewense (Fig. 13). In Europe, it has been reported in various countries, including the Netherlands (de Waart 2022), Switzerland (Justine et al. 2018b), Croatia and Slovenia (Mori et al. 2023), and Italy (Dorigo et al. 2020, Mazza et al. 2016, Novarini and Lebech Nässling Iversen 2020). Recent reports on iNaturalist seem to show that it is found increasingly often in the United States (in addition to  B. kewense , the presence of which has been known for a long time). In contrast to the cosmopolitan species  B. kewense , there are no mentions of the species in any of the overseas French territories. We have described the mitogenome of this species, but it is the only one for which we have not been able to circularize the mitogenome (Justine et al. 2022a). </p>
            <p> For the two species  B. kewense and  D. multilineatum , our modelling study shows that they could invade much of Europe, including the North, under the different hypotheses of global warming (Fourcade et al. 2022b). The distribution models predicted suitable habitats for five species of potentially invasive bipaliine in the same region of South America, corresponding to the River Plate basin (covering Uruguay, north-eastern Argentina, south-eastern Paraguay and southern Brazil) and partly expanding through parts of the Atlantic Forest. These regions are well known to host a great diversity of land planarians (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2011, Carbayo et al. 2002, Sluys 1999), and an invasion by bipaliines could be a problem for the local biodiversity of  Geoplaninae due to competition and predation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE904A864FF09D94AFB2B439F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE904A865FCA6D9D7FB5C426F.text	03960C3BE904A865FCA6D9D7FB5C426F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bipalium admarginatum de Beauchamp, 1933 De Beauchamp 1933	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bipalium admarginatum</p>
            <p> Thanks to a collection by an amateur naturalist,  Bipalium admarginatum was found 95 years after its description (De Beauchamp 1933) on an island off the coast of the Malaysian peninsula. We have described its mitogenome and clarified its phylogenetic position (Soo et al. 2023). So far, there are no mentions of the species in the literature outside Malaysia. </p>
            <p>as French Guiana and Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean (Justine et al. 2018b). Other islands in the Caribbean region have also been invaded (Brown et al. 2022). The species was recently reported in Italy (Mori et al. 2022a) and it is not impossible that it has already invaded the warmest parts of Europe (Spain and the South of France). Modelling studies show that this species could invade large parts of Europe under different hypotheses of global warming (Fourcade et al. 2022b). The species consumes molluscs.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE904A865FCA6D9D7FB5C426F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE905A865FF01DA72FCB440A9.text	03960C3BE905A865FF01DA72FCB440A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bipalium vagum Jones & Sterrer, 2005 Jones and Sterrer 2005	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bipalium vagum</p>
            <p> Bipalium vagum (Fig. 14) is a widespread species, occurring in many subtropical and tropical regions. It has been found on most of the islands in the French West Indies (Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Saint Barthélemy) as well </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE905A865FF01DA72FCB440A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE905A86AFCBFDA51FDB3433B.text	03960C3BE905A86AFCBFDA51FDB3433B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vermiviatum covidum (Justine, Gastineau, Gros, Gey, Ruzzier, Charles & Winsor 2022) Sola, Sluys, Riutort & Kawakatsu, 2023 Justine et al. 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vermiviatum covidum</p>
            <p> Vermiviatum covidum (Figs 15, 16) was first reported under the name  Diversibipalium sp. “black” in 2018 (Justine et al. 2018b), then described in 2022 as a member of  Humbertium Ogren &amp; Sluys 2001 as  H. covidum (Justine et al. 2022a) , then transferred to the new genus  Vermiviatum in 2023 (Solà et al. 2023).  Vermiviatum covidum was formally described from specimens collected in Northern Italy and France, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques mentioned above, which has a climate very favorable to terrestrial Platyhelminthes. In a field in Italy, the species appeared to be swarming, but only one outbreak was spotted; the species can therefore be considered rare, but as it is small and black, it is possible that it escapes most inattentive observers. Since our 2022 article, only one other report has been published, in Italy (Mori et al. 2022a). The species consumes small molluscs, as shown by our study on the DNA of its prey (Justine et al. 2022a), but this information is limited and deserves to be expanded. We described the mitogenome of two individuals of this species, one from Italy and one from France; the mitogenomes showed minor differences, consistent with intraspecific differences (Justine et al. 2022a). With  O. nungara , this is the only geoplanid species for which the mitogenome was described in two populations. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE905A86AFCBFDA51FDB3433B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE90AA86AFF09D9AAFB1745AC.text	03960C3BE90AA86AFF09D9AAFB1745AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diversibipalium mayottensis Justine, Gastineau, Gros, Gey, Ruzzier, Charles & Winsor, 2022 Jones and Sluys 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Diversibipalium mayottensis</p>
            <p> Diversibipalium mayottensis (Fig. 17) was formally described from a few specimens found in Mayotte, a French island in the Indian Ocean (Justine et al. 2022a); it was recorded before under the name  Diversibipalium sp. “blue” (Justine et al. 2018b). The species is characterized by a very particular blue-green coloring pattern, but we were unable to carry out a histological study due to lack of specimens. Our molecular studies place this species as a sister group to all other  Bipaliinae (Justine et al. 2018b) but this was not confirmed in another study based on different markers (Solà et al. 2023). As Mayotte is geologically a small island of relatively recent origin, it is likely that the true origin of the species is elsewhere. Madagascar, which is close to Mayotte, is a possibility. Studies of the  Bipaliinae of Madagascar should be undertaken to find the species, or close species. The position as sister group to the other  Bipaliinae strongly suggests creating a new genus for  D. mayottensis ; in the absence of data on the reproductive system, this was not proposed (Justine et al. 2022a). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE90AA86AFF09D9AAFB1745AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE90BA86BFF01DCE1FE404465.text	03960C3BE90BA86BFF01DCE1FE404465.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bipalium adventitium	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bipalium adventitium</p>
            <p> Bipalium adventitium is a species that was only known from the United States (Ducey and Noce 1998), but we reported it from Montréal, Quebec, Canada which was its most northerly record (Justine et al. 2019). The species is obviously of Asian origin but has until now never been found in Asia. Due to its ability to live in very cold climates in winter, this species has great potential to invade northern Europe (Fourcade et al. 2022b), where it has not yet been reported. We have described the complete mitogenome of this species (Justine et al. 2022a). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE90BA86BFF01DCE1FE404465	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE90BA86BFCBFDDC6FAED451A.text	03960C3BE90BA86BFCBFDDC6FAED451A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenoplana coerulea Moseley, 1877 Moseley 1877	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caenoplana coerulea</p>
            <p> Caenoplana coerulea (Figs 20, 21) is present in some localities in mainland France, but can be considered rare.  Caenoplana coerulea is apparently a species complex (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014). Mori et al. (2023), considering that it is impossible to differentiate the species without a molecular analysis, listed their findings as “  C. coerulea /  decolorata ” (Mori et al. 2023).The species has been recorded in various locations in Europe and the world (Breugelmans et al. 2012, Luis-Negrete et al. 2011, Mori et al. 2023, Suárez et al. 2018). We have molecular results on a number of individuals that are not yet published. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE90BA86BFCBFDDC6FAED451A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE90BA86BFCBFDF42FB7242DB.text	03960C3BE90BA86BFCBFDF42FB7242DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenoplana decolorata	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caenoplana decolorata</p>
            <p> Caenoplana decolorata is a species recently described in Spain (Mateos et al. 2020). It resembles  C. coerulea morphologically; among the cox1 sequences that we had assigned to  C. coerulea , we were able to identify a sequence that was identical to that of  C. decolorata , and we therefore reported the presence of this species in France (Justine et al. 2020b). So far, the original description and our article constitute the only two known reports of this species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE90BA86BFCBFDF42FB7242DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE90BA86BFF01DE71FF51448B.text	03960C3BE90BA86BFF01DE71FF51448B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenoplana Moseley 1877	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Species of  Caenoplana</p>
            <p> We have received reports for several species (or species complexes) belonging to the genus  Caenoplana in mainland France. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE90BA86BFF01DE71FF51448B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE90BA86BFF01DEDBFA274796.text	03960C3BE90BA86BFF01DEDBFA274796.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenoplana variegata Fletcher & Hamilton 1888	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caenoplana variegata</p>
            <p> Caenoplana variegata (Figs 18, 19) is the first species spotted by Pierre Gros in his garden in 2013.While we treated the first specimen as a unique treasure, citizen science studies have later shown, ironically, that this species is present in around 40 of the 96 departments of mainland France. It has also been reported in other European countries (Dorigo et al. 2020, Jones et al. 2020, Mori et al. 2023, Thunnissen et al. 2022, Vardinoyannis and Alexandrakis 2019). We briefly mentioned the species in an article (Justine et al. 2014a), but have not yet published detailed results. The species has often been referred to in the literature as  Caenoplana bicolor , but a 2020 article considers this to be a junior synonym of  Caenoplana variegata (Jones et al. 2020) . Interestingly, in 2023 there were many more reports of this species in mainland France than in previous years, which could suggest that the species is expanding (unpublished observations). The species consumes woodlice and other terrestrial arthropods. We have received photographs showing predation by this species of large arthropod species, including large spiders. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE90BA86BFF01DEDBFA274796	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE908A869FF09DFD8FD474796.text	03960C3BE908A869FF09DFD8FD474796.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parakontikia ventrolineata (Dendy 1892) Winsor, 1991 Dendy 1892	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Parakontikia ventrolineata</p>
            <p> Parakontikia ventrolineata (Figs 22, 23) is highly abundant in parts of mainland France, particularly in Brittany, where the climate is mild and humid. The species comes from Australia and has also invaded much of the British Isles, especially the South, and other countries in Europe (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014, Thunnissen et al. 2022). We suspect that the origin of the population found in France is Great Britain, which faces Brittany; amateur Breton gardeners have told us that it is common to make a return trip to Cornwall to bring back potted plants. In addition to mainland France, the species is also present on Reunion Island, in the Indian Ocean (unpublished data). There are also recent records from Mexico (De Luna and Boll 2023). Apart from a short article (Justine et al. 2014a), we have not published on the distribution of this species, but we have described its complete mitogenome. This mitogenome, the second obtained for a  Rhynchodeminae , shares a certain number of characteristics with  Pl. manokwari , namely a 32 bp overlap between ND4L and ND4, premature termination of ND5 by a tRNA-Ser, and an extra-long cox2 gene (Gastineau and Justine 2020). </p>
            <p> Parakontikia ventrolineata displays a particular behavior that is not found in other species. Individuals tend to take refuge in the morning on strawberries and vegetables close to the ground, particularly the holes made in strawberries by slugs. It also has a marked tendency to invade fallen fruit, particularly apples. This behavior means that it is considered a nuisance by amateur gardeners, who see their crops invad- ed by small black and sticky worms (Justine et al. 2014a). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE908A869FF09DFD8FD474796	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE909A869FCBFDE2FFB8342F2.text	03960C3BE909A869FCBFDE2FFB8342F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amaga expatria	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amaga expatria</p>
            <p> Amaga expatria (Figs 25, 26), originally described from a few specimens found in a botanical garden in Bermuda (Jones and Sterrer 2005), is relatively abundant in the islands of the French West Indies, Guadeloupe and Martinique (Justine et al. 2020a). It is a large species that is quite spectacular with its flat shape and its darker spotted yellow color. We have redescribed the external anatomy and histology of the species, and characterized its mitogenome, which is the second and only known  Geoplaninae mitogenome after that of  O. nungara . After this sequencing, the possibility mentioned by Solà et al. (2015), according to which some genes had non-canonical start codons, was re-evaluated. We know that the species consumes molluscs and earthworms, based on local observations in live animals and our molecular study of prey DNA (Justine et al. 2020a). There are no scientific papers on this species outside Bermuda, Guadeloupe, and Martinique, but there are many records in Trinidad and Tobago in iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=1153578). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE909A869FCBFDE2FFB8342F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE909A869FF01D820FBD347B7.text	03960C3BE909A869FF01D820FBD347B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australopacifica atrata (Steel 1897) Steel 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Australopacifica atrata</p>
            <p> Australopacifica atrata (Fig. 24) is theoretically not present in France, but it presents morphological similarities that could cause it to be confused with  Pa.ventrolineata based on the often-imperfect photographs obtained from citizen science. The species has recently been found in the southern British Isles, where  Pa. ventrolineata is also highly abundant (Jones 2019) and sequences of specimens from Great Britain have been recently published (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2023). Only a close examination of specimens or a genetic analysis can distinguish it from  Pa. ventrolineata . We have described its complete mitogenome from specimens collected in Australia (Gastineau et al. 2022), which will make it possible to produce molecular tools that could be useful in the future in monitoring and conservation biology to distinguish the species from  Pa. ventrolineata . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE909A869FF01D820FBD347B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE909A869FF01DE35FEA345B4.text	03960C3BE909A869FF01DE35FEA345B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichoplana striata Moseley 1877	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dolichoplana striata</p>
            <p> Dolichoplana striata is a very large species (20 cm) that can be confused with  B. kewense in the absence of a photograph of the head, but the pattern of the lines on the dorsal side still allows us to separate it. There are no records in the open in mainland France for this species which clearly has affinities for the tropical climate. There are, however, a few records from Spain (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014) and for greenhouses in Germany (Pfitzner 1956, 1958) and from Italy (Mori et al. 2022b). The species is present, but never very abundant, in various French overseas territories with a tropical climate, such as French Polynesia, Mayotte, and Reunion Island. We have not yet published our findings on this species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE909A869FF01DE35FEA345B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE909A86EFCBFDAB0FCBC40AC.text	03960C3BE909A86EFCBFDAB0FCBC40AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marionfyfea adventor Jones & Sluys, 2016 Jones and Sluys 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Marionfyfea adventor</p>
            <p> Marionfyfea adventor (Fig. 27) was described in 2016 from specimens collected in the United Kingdom and the </p>
            <p>Spain (Rojo et al. 2024), and some molecular information was recently reported for a British specimen and for a French specimen from Brittany (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2023).</p>
            <p>Netherlands, and a mention in France that we communicated to the authors (Jones and Sluys 2016). Since then, we have seen only a few mentions of the species in France; the species is very small compared to the others discussed here, and it is not surprising that it escapes observers. The species was recently reported from Belgium (Soors et al. 2022) and</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE909A86EFCBFDAB0FCBC40AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE90EA86EFCA6D8A5FA2B43DD.text	03960C3BE90EA86EFCA6D8A5FA2B43DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endeavouria septemlineata (Hyman 1939) Introduced	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Endeavouria septemlineata</p>
            <p> Endeavouria septemlineata (Fig. 28) is considered invasive in several regions of the world (De Luna and Boll 2023) and has been found once in French Polynesia (Justine et al. 2018a). There is also a record from New Caledonia in iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/56008643). A recent record in Italy (Mori et al. 2022a) could indicate that the species has also invaded the southern regions of Europe. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE90EA86EFCA6D8A5FA2B43DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
03960C3BE90EA86FFCA6D989FE3E4210.text	03960C3BE90EA86FFCA6D989FE3E4210.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microplaninae Pantin 1953	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Various  Microplaninae</p>
            <p> Microplaninae are native to Europe. We have not yet published findings on the  Microplaninae from mainland France, mostly because the species are generally small and escape the attention of citizen scientists. We know, however, that mainland France harbors a variety of species (Alvarez-Presas et al. 2022) and it is likely that many native European species remain to be described (Mateos et al. 2017). Species recorded are:  Microplana henrici (Bendl, 1908) ,  Microplana howesi (Scharff, 1900) ,  Microplana mahnerti Minelli, 1977 ,  Microplana pyrenaica (von Graff, 1893) ,  Microplana scharffi (von Graff, 1896) , and  Microplana terrestris (Müller, 1774) . Sequences reported from French specimens (Mateos et al. 2017) indicate that  Microplana hyalina Vila-Farré &amp; Sluys, 2011 and  Microplana cf. aixandrei are also present in France. An unformally published document (Noël and Gros 2015) states that  Microplana kwiskea Jones, Webster, Littlewood &amp; McDonald, 2008 is present in the South of France and we confirm since this was based on our own unpublished sequence. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03960C3BE90EA86FFCA6D989FE3E4210	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh	Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh (2024): Land flatworms (Tricladida: Geoplanidae) in France and French overseas territories: ten years of research. Zoologia (e 24004) 41: 1-25, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e24004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e24004
