identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039487816F031B4AFF24FDA0FD38FC64.text	039487816F031B4AFF24FDA0FD38FC64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomarica eburnea A. Gil & M. C. E. Amaral 2014	<div><p>Neomarica eburnea A.Gil and M.C.E.Amaral,  sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2)</p><p>Type: —   BRAZIL. Bahia: mun. Feira de Santana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.04889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.115556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.04889/lat -12.115556)">distrito de Maria Quitéria, Pé de Serra, Serra de São José, beira da Trilha Principal</a>, 12º06’56”S, 39º02’56”W, ca. 460 m, 1 March 2005, A. Gil &amp; L.Y.S. Aona 161 (holotype UEC!)  .</p><p>Large perennial herbs, ca. 41–87 cm tall. Leaves and flowering stems congested at the apex of the horizontal, often curved underground rhizome. Leaves ensiform, 41.5–54 × 2–2.5 cm, often bright green, rarely dull green. Leaves and flowering stems similar in color but different in height (flowering stems 68.5–87 × 0.9–1 cm always taller, often twice the length of leaves), width (leaf blades about twice the width of flowering stems peduncle) and posture (mature leaves always erect in the basal part with the apical half curved while flowering stems are entirely erect, sometimes with the first bract curved). Peduncle winged, 55–81 cm long, with conspicuous central midrib. First bract as a continuation of the peduncle, 6.5–26 × 1–3 cm, similar to the apex of the leaves. Leaves and first bract with thin and slightly prominent midrib. Second bract much smaller than first bract, 3–6.5 × 0.5–1.3 cm, erect to subpatent, navicular, with small to medium-sized winged projection and always subtended by a conspicuous rachis internode (3–6 × 0.3–0.7 cm). Third bract often inconspicuous, when conspicuous, with about half size of the second bract, navicular, often without a wing, and subtended by a second conspicuous rachis internode (ca. 4–5 × 0.4–0.6 cm). Fourth bract always inconspicuous. Rhipidia 1–3(–4) per flowering stem, 4.5–6 × 0.5–0.6 cm, always on a 4–5 cm long stalk (infra-rhipidial raquis internode), giving the inflorescence a lax appearance, with two external opposed invaginated leathery bract-like spatha enclosing the flower buds and membranous bracteoles. Flowers ca. 7–8 cm in diameter, predominantly ivory colored, with the basal third of all tepals slightly yellowish and covered by brown irregular stripes, mostly transversally orientated; outer tepals, 4–4.6 × 2–2.6 cm, patent to recurved, elliptic to wide-elliptic, with apical two-thirds ivory colored; inner tepals, 2.8–3.2 × 1.1–1.2 cm, erect, nearly sigmoid, with the basal part radiate, the middle part erect and the apical part revolute, with two intensely yellow, parallel, elongated streaks at the base of the revolute apex; apical third with margins completely white and center white with sparse purple, diagonal, stripes directed towards the margins and with a purple stripe directed towards the apex, which sometimes is light violet colored above the stripe. Reproductive column ca. 2–2.2 cm long; stamens ca. 1.2–1.5 cm long, anthers ca. 0.7–0.9 cm long; filaments (brown at the base), anthers and connectives yellowish, with the anthers lighter colored; styles brown at the base and cream to white above; stigmatic crests white, subfalcate, margin entire, apex filiform; both lateral crests measure about a third of the reproductive column (ca. 0.6–0.8 cm long); the central crest measures about more than half to a third of the length of the lateral ones (ca. 0.2–0.4 cm long), apex erect to patent, sometimes curved within the two lateral crests; ovary ca. 1.4 cm long, fruit (immature) ca. 4 × 1.6 cm, subcircular to subtrigonous in cross-section, 6-sulcate, surface smooth.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat: —Known only from the state of Bahia (northeastern Brazil) in the neighboring municipalities of Feira de Santana and Anguera in the northeastern region of the state.  N. eburnea is found growing on stony ground in the understory of remnants of seasonally dry tropical forest. The localities belong to the Caatinga domain, but the vegetation has the physiognomy of seasonally dry tropical forest of the Atlantic Forest biome (Oliveira-Filho et al. 2006).</p><p>Etymology: —The epithet for this new species is Latin for " ivory, yellowish-white ", in reference to the predominant color of its flowers, mainly the outer tepals.</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering from October to February (mature fruits were not seen). This species has a very peculiar characteristic compared with other  Neomarica species, because its flowers always wither before noon, while in the other species the flowers wither in the afternoon (ca. 3–5 pm).</p><p>Conservation status:—  Neomarica eburnea is classified as Vulnerable (VU) under D2 criterion (IUCN 2013), existing at only two nearby locations (in two neighboring municipalities - Feira de Santana and Anguera) in small populations threatened by development for housing, livestock and agriculture.</p><p>Taxonomic relationships: —Regarding the predominantly ivory-like color of the flowers,  Neomarica eburnea resembles  N. portosecurensis from Bahia and  N. humilis (Klatt 1862: 540) Capell. (2003: 135) from Ceará and Pernambuco states, Northeastern Brazil. It essentially differs from the first, by the second bract being always subtended by a conspicuous rachis internode (vs. second bract subsessile), rhipidia long-stalked, with a long rachis internode between the bracts and rhipidial spathes, giving a lax appearance to the inflorescence (vs. rhipidia subsessile to short-stalked, with a short rachis internode between the bracts and rhipidial spathes, giving a congested appearance to inflorescence) (see Figs. 2, 6). Furthermore,  N. eburnea differs from  N. portosecurensis by its inner tepals apical third with margins completely white and center white with sparse purple, diagonal, stripes directed towards the margins and with a purple stripe directed towards the apex, which sometimes is colored by light violet above the stripe (vs. inner tepals apical third with whitish margins, densely covered with diagonal, sublinear, blue to violet stripes, and center with a diffuse blue to violet macula or sometimes the whole central part completely colored by blue or violet, and with a large blue to purplish subtriangular apical macula) (see Figs. 2, 6). From  N. humilis, this new species is easily distinguishable by presenting much larger flowers, with ca. 7–8 cm in diameter in  N. eburnea and ca. 4–5 cm in  N. humilis (i.e., all floral structures in  N. eburnea are conspicuously larger than in  N. humilis). Furthermore,  N. humilis differs from  N. eburnea by its inner tepals apical third with yellowish margins, covered with purplish transversal stripes, basal half part of apical third white, sometimes completely white, rarely with few purplish streaks and upper part of apical third with a large violet diffuse macula, sometimes absent in cultivated plants (see Figs. 2, 6). Besides those differences, the ca. 0.7–0.9 cm long anthers of  N. eburnea are significantly longer than those of  N. portosecurensis (ca. 0.4–0.5 cm) or  N. humilis (ca. 0.4 cm).</p><p>Other specimens seen (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Bahia: mun. Feira de Santana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.18778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.1669445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.18778/lat -12.1669445)">Distrito de Maria Quitéria, Pé de Serra, Serra de São José, beira da trilha principal</a>, 12º06’56”S, 39º02’56”W, ca. 460 m, 5 February 2006, A. Gil et al. 186 (UEC!);   mun. Anguera, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.18778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.1669445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.18778/lat -12.1669445)">Morro da Fazenda Retiro</a>, 12º10’01”S, 39º11’16”W, ca. 380 m, 21 November 2006, D.B. Cardoso &amp; F. França 1426 (HUEFS!)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487816F031B4AFF24FDA0FD38FC64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gil, André Dos Santos Bragança;Bittrich, Volker;Amaral, Maria Do Carmo Estanislau Do	Gil, André Dos Santos Bragança, Bittrich, Volker, Amaral, Maria Do Carmo Estanislau Do (2014): Two New Species of Neomarica Sprague (Trimezieae-Iridaceae) from Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 164 (1): 47-57, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.5
039487816F061B47FF24FC13FAFAFAF9.text	039487816F061B47FF24FC13FAFAFAF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomarica floscella A. Gil & M. C. E. Amaral 2014	<div><p>Neomarica floscella A.Gil &amp; M.C.E.Amaral,  sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4).</p><p>Type: —   BRAZIL. Bahia: mun. Uruçuca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.053333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.429444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.053333/lat -14.429444)">distrito de Serra Grande, estrada Serra Grande-Itacaré, cerca de 7 km da entrada para Serra Grande</a>, 14º25’46”S, 39º03’12”W, 1 February 2006, A. Gil, J.E. Meireles &amp; L.Y.S. Aona 180 (holotype UEC!)  .</p><p>Medium-sized perennial herbs, 19–51 cm tall. Rhizome vertical, linear, often with the distal part projected ca. 1–5 cm above the soil (in the natural habitat hidden by litterfall). Leaves (15.5–40.8 × 0.9–2.6 cm) and flowering stems (19–46.9 × 0.8–2.1 cm) ensiform, light to dark green, shiny, inserted at the apex of the rhizome, erect, sometimes curved in the same direction, similar in color, but different in height and width (flowering stem often taller than the leaves, rarely of the same height, in most cases with leaves at the same height of the insertion point of first bract; leaf blade slightly wider than the flowering stem peduncle, sometimes twice of width). Leaves and first bract with a narrow, conspicuous and somewhat prominent midrib. Peduncle winged ca. 18–36.2 cm long with a conspicuous central midrib. First bract continuous with the peduncle 7.2–24.5 × 0.9–2.1 cm, similar as the apex of the leaves; second bract much smaller than the first bract, 2.2–4.9 × 0.4–0.7 cm, erect to patent, navicular, with a conspicuous winged projection, and always subtended by a conspicuous rachis internode (1.6–3 × 0.3–0.4 cm). Third bract sometimes inconspicuous, when conspicuous, with about half size of second bract, navicular, with a short winged projection (sometimes absent), and subtended by a second conspicuous rachis internode (ca. 1.5 × 0.5 cm). Fourth bract always inconspicuous. Rhipidia (2)3–4(5) per flowering stem, 2.5–3.6 × 0.3–0.5 cm, on a long stalk 2.2–3.5 cm long (infra-rhipidial raquis internode), giving the inflorescence a lax appearance, and with two external opposed invaginated leathery bract-like spathes enclosing the flower buds and membranous bracteoles. Flowers ca. 3–4 cm in diameter, predominantly white, with basal third of the tepals brown covered by yellowish irregular stripes, mostly transversally orientated; outer tepals 2–2.1 × 0.9–1.1 cm, patent (sometimes recurved), elliptic to subobovate, with apical two-thirds always white; inner tepals 1.2–1.3 × 0.3–0.4 cm, erect, nearly sigmoid, with the basal part radiate, the middle part erect and the apical part strongly revolute, with two intensely yellow, parallel streaks at the base of its apical third; apical third with margins white covered by sparse purplish transversal stripes and with white center (rarely with few purplish stripes); apex always completely purplish colored. Reproductive column ca. 6–7(–8) mm long; stamens whitish ca. 4–5 mm long, half represented by the anthers (ca. 2–2.5 mm long), connective conspicuous; styles and stigmatic crests pale lilac (sometimes crests whitish); stigmatic crests long-triangular to lanceolate, all erect and with the same size (ca. 1 mm); the central crests sometimes slightly longer than the lateral ones; ovary ca. 6–7 mm long, fruit (immature) ca. 4–4.5 × 0.7–0.9 cm long, both subcircular to trigonous in cross-section, 6-sulcate, surface smooth.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat: — Known only from the state of Bahia (northeastern Brazil) in the neighboring municipalities of Uruçuca and Itacaré in the coastal southeastern region of the state.  N. floscella grows on organic soil covered with litterfall, within closed understory of remnants of southern Bahia Atlantic moist forest, in the Atlantic domain.</p><p>Etymology: —The epithet of this new species comes from Latin meaning "small flower", and was chosen as this species has the smallest flowers presently known in the genus  Neomarica .</p><p>Phenology: —  Neomarica floscella probably flowers most of the year, because it was found without flowers only in January, April, June and August (mature fruits were not seen).</p><p>Conservation status: —  Neomarica floscella is classified as Vulnerable (VU) under D2 criterion (IUCN 2013), existing at only two nearby locations (in two neighboring municipalities - Uruçuca and Itacaré) comprising small populations threatened by development for housing, livestock and agriculture.</p><p>Taxonomic relationships: —  Neomarica floscella is usually misidentified in herbaria collections as  Trimezia bahiensis Ravenna (2003: 30) . Analysis of the paratypes and the protologue of  T. bahiensis, made clear, however, that it indeed belongs to the genus  Trimezia . Ravenna (2003) described the rhizome of  T. bahiensis as compact and vertical (corm-like), wrapped by persistent tunic-like leaf bases and the flowering stem cylindrical in cross-section. These characters never occur in  Neomarica and are clearly identifiable in all paratypes of  T. bahiensis . Furthermore,  N. floscella flowers are predominantly white and there are four bracts at the apex of the flowering stem peduncle, contrasting with  T. bahiensis wich always has flowers predominantly yellow and a single bract at the middle region of its flowering stem peduncle. The peduncle of  T. bahiensis is terete and not winged as in species of  Neomarica .  Neomarica floscella is also sometimes misidentified as  N. humilis, possibly due to their small flowers (slightly larger in  N. humilis — ca. 4–5 cm in diameter) and shiny green leaves. It basically differs from  N. humilis by apical two-thirds of the outer tepals always white (vs. apical two-thirds of the outer tepals cream to yellowish, never white), style always pale lilac (vs. style cream to yellowish, never lilac) and inner tepals with margins of the apical third always white (vs. inner tepals with margins of the apical third always cream to yellow, never white) (see Figs. 4, 6).  Neomarica floscella was also misidentified as  N. portosecurensis . However, these two species are extremely different.  N. floscella presents about three evident bracts, with second bract always subtended by a conspicuous rachis internode and flowers always predominantly white, and  N. portosecurensis presents always only two evident bracts, with second bract always subsessile and flowers always predominantly cream (see Figs. 4, 6).</p><p>Other specimens seen (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Bahia: mun. Itacaré, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.720554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.434444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.720554/lat -14.434444)">APA de Itacaré/Serra Grande, localidade denominada Assentamento Rural Camboinha, km 12 da Rodovia Itacaré/Serra Grande, cerca de 1 km do ramal a direita</a>, 19 May 2000, S.C. Sant’Ana et al. 870 (CEPEC!);   mun. Itacaré, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.720554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.434444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.720554/lat -14.434444)">cultivated in the Palm house (P.06) at the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, England</a>, 11 March 1978, R.M. Storr 091 (K!);   mun. Itacaré, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.720554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.434444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.720554/lat -14.434444)">ramal da barragem</a>, 18 October 1968, J. Almeida &amp; T.S. Santos 180 (CEPEC!);  ibidem (NY!);  mun. Uruçuca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.720554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.434444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.720554/lat -14.434444)">distrito de Serra Grande, 7,3 km na estrada Serra Grande/Itacaré, Fazenda Lagoa, do conjunto Fazenda Santa Cruz</a>, 14º25’S, 39º01’W, 1–12 July 1991, A.M. de Carvalho et al. 3383 (CEPEC!);  ibidem (NY!);  mun. Uruçuca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.720554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.434444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.720554/lat -14.434444)">distrito de Serra Grande, 7,3 km na estrada Serra Grande/Itacaré, Fazenda Lagoa, do conjunto Fazenda Santa Cruz</a>, 14º25’S, 39º01’W, 11-21 September 1991, A.M. de Carvalho et al. 3554 (CEPEC!);  ibidem (MBM!);  mun. Uruçuca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.720554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.434444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.720554/lat -14.434444)">distrito de Serra Grande, 7,3 km na estrada Serra Grande/Itacaré, Fazenda Lagoa, do conjunto Fazenda Santa Cruz</a>, 14º25’S, 39º01’W, 6 October 1992, A. M. Amorim et al. 808 (CEPEC!);   mun. Uruçuca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.720554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.434444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.720554/lat -14.434444)">distrito de Serra Grande, 7,3 km na estrada Serra Grande/Itacaré, Fazenda Lagoa, do conjunto Fazenda Santa Cruz</a>, 14º25’S, 39º01’W, 19 July 1994, A.M. de Carvalho et al. 4560 (CEPEC!);  ibidem (SPF!); ibidem (NY!);  mun. Uruçuca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.720554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.434444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.720554/lat -14.434444)">distrito de Serra Grande, Ponto Largo do Lírio</a>, 14º26’04”S, 39º43’14”W, 135 m, 27 May 2000, K.R. Leite et al. 82 (HUEFS!)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487816F061B47FF24FC13FAFAFAF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gil, André Dos Santos Bragança;Bittrich, Volker;Amaral, Maria Do Carmo Estanislau Do	Gil, André Dos Santos Bragança, Bittrich, Volker, Amaral, Maria Do Carmo Estanislau Do (2014): Two New Species of Neomarica Sprague (Trimezieae-Iridaceae) from Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 164 (1): 47-57, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.5
039487816F0B1B44FF24FA6FFA69FF47.text	039487816F0B1B44FF24FA6FFA69FF47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomarica Sprague 1928	<div><p>Identification key to the species of  Neomarica from Bahia state, Brazil</p><p>1. Outer tepals with apical two-thirds predominantly yellow, yellow-whitish, cream or ivory colored................................... 2</p><p>- Outer tepals with apical two-thirds predominantly purple, violet, blue, bluish (sometimes speckled by violet spots), pale lilac or white .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5</p><p>2. Flowers two-colored (in tones of yellow and brown); outer tepals with longitudinal brown sinuous stripes in their middle third; inner tepals not patterned with bluish stripes and spots ..............................................................  Neomarica brachypus</p><p>- Flowers multicolored (in tones of yellow, white, brown and blue); outer tepals without longitudinal stripes in their middle third; inner tepals patterned with bluish stripes and spots..................................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Outer tepals with apical half part incurved (sub-erect); inner tepals with apical third velutinous, margins yellow covered with transversal, linear, brown stripes; stigmatic crests yellowish ................................................................  Neomarica unca</p><p>- Outer tepals with apical half part patent or recurved; inner tepals with apical third glabrescent, with white or whitish margins, covered with diagonal, sublinear, blue to violet stripes; stigmatic crests white .......................................................... 4</p><p>4. Second bract subtended by a conspicuous rachis internode; rhipidia long-stalked, giving a lax appearance to the inflorescence; anthers ca. 0.7–0.9 cm long ...........................................................................................................  Neomarica eburnea</p><p>- Second bract subsessile; rhipidia subsessile to short-stalked, giving a congested appearance to the inflorescence; anthers ca. 0.4–0.5 cm long ......................................................................................................................  Neomarica portosecurensis</p><p>5. Medium-sized herbs, 19–51 cm tall; leaves shiny green; flowers 3–4 cm in diameter; ovary 6–7 mm long; outer tepals with apical two-thirds always predominantly white; reproductive column 6–7(–8) mm long .......................  Neomarica floscella</p><p>- Large herbs, 80–200 cm tall; leaves matt green, never shiny; flowers 8–10 cm in diameter; ovary 1–1.3 cm long; outer tepals with apical two-thirds predominantly purple, violet, blue, bluish (sometimes speckled with violet spots), pale lilac spots; reproductive column 2–2.3 cm long ...............................................................................................  Neomarica sabinei</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487816F0B1B44FF24FA6FFA69FF47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gil, André Dos Santos Bragança;Bittrich, Volker;Amaral, Maria Do Carmo Estanislau Do	Gil, André Dos Santos Bragança, Bittrich, Volker, Amaral, Maria Do Carmo Estanislau Do (2014): Two New Species of Neomarica Sprague (Trimezieae-Iridaceae) from Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 164 (1): 47-57, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.5
