identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03956D73FFB2FFC03DF0FF6EE53E5784.text	03956D73FFB2FFC03DF0FF6EE53E5784.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phloeophagus Schoenherr 1838	<div><p>Phloeophagus Schoenherr, 1838</p><p>[New Japanese name: Futo-kikui-zômushi-zoku]</p><p>Phloeophagus Schoenherr, 1838: 1047</p><p>[type species:  Phloeophagus lignarius sensu Schoenherr, 1838 nec. Marsham, 1802 (misidentification of  Phloeophagus turbatus Schoenherr, 1845)];</p><p>Bedel, 1885: 196 [as junior synonym of  Rhyncolus Germar, 1817]; Marshall, 1937: 54 [resurrected] &amp; 55 [in key]; Voss, 1955: 229 [redescription]; Folwaczny, 1973: 71 [in key] &amp; 150 [redescription]; Alonso-Zarazaga &amp; Lyal, 1999: 123 [cataloged); Alonso-Zarazaga, 2002: 10 [diagnosis of  Melicius Alonso- Zarazaga, 2002).</p><p>Diagnosis.  Phloeophagus is characterized by the combination of following character states: rostrum much longer than wide, longer than head; antennal scrobes directed obliquely toward ventral side; postocular constriction weak; antennae with scape reaching middle or behind middle of eye, not reaching posterior margin of eye; funicle seven segmented; prothorax with posterior margin straight; scutellum present; front coxae almost contiguous; mesoventrite almost at same level as or weakly depressed below level of metaventrite (based on and modified from the following literature: Marshall 1937; Voss 1955; Folwaczny 1973; Alonso-Zarazaga 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03956D73FFB2FFC03DF0FF6EE53E5784	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Inoue, Shûgo	Inoue, Shûgo (2025): Taxonomy of the genus Phloeophagus Schoenherr (Curculionidae: Cossoninae) from Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 179-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.9
03956D73FFB2FFC23DF0FC99E413567F.text	03956D73FFB2FFC23DF0FC99E413567F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phloeophagus japonicus Inoue 2025	<div><p>Phloeophagus japonicus Inoue,  sp. nov.</p><p>[New Japanese name: Hire-futo-kikui-zômushi]</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F68F4310-519B-4824-8F21-C65936D566D9</p><p>(Figs 1–10)</p><p>Diagnosis.  Phloeophagus japonicus can be distinguished from the other Palaearctic and Nearctic congeners by having the apical part of the elytral lateral margins moderately explanate.  Phloeophagus japonicus can be distinguished from the other Japanese species,  P. orientalis, also by the following character states: rostrum shorter, 1.6–1.8 times as long as its basal width; dorsal surface of prothorax with punctures larger, with interspaces between punctures narrower than diameter of each puncture; elytra shorter, 1.7–1.8 times as long as its width, 1.9–2.2 times as long as pronotum, with punctures of striae larger; femora not pedunculate.</p><p>Description. Measurements (n = 8; in mm): BL 2.98–3.56; RWB 0.31–0.36; RL 0.50–0.61; PW 0.93–1.09; PL 0.97–1.17; EW 1.17–1.40; EL 1.99–2.36.</p><p>Body (Figs 1–3) rather fusiform, convex, black, rather shagreened; antennae, apex of tibiae, and tarsi dark brown.</p><p>Head. Postocular constriction weak, obsolete on dorsum; distance between eyes and postocular constriction much shorter than diameter of eye; eyes moderately convex; median fovea of forehead shallow; dorsal surface reticulate, without distinct setae; punctures small and sparse on vertex, medium-sized and moderately dense on forehead. Rostrum 1.6–1.8 times as long as its basal width, subparallel-sided from base to apex; apical part weakly curved ventrally in lateral view; surface weakly reticulate; punctures small, moderately dense; epistome weakly prominent at right side, with several setae; dorsum without median sulcus; scrobe with anterior part slightly visible in dorsal view, not angulate at middle in lateral view; posterior part of scrobe not diverged, directed obliquely toward lower side of rostrum, with upper margin almost touching eye.</p><p>Antennae weakly curved, clavate; scape slightly shorter than funicle, reaching middle of eye; funicle seven segmented; first segment longer than wide; club oval, as long as combination of fourth to seventh funicular segments.</p><p>Prothorax 1.0–1.1 times as long as wide, widest just behind middle, moderately arcuate; anterior margin truncate, narrower than posterior margin; subapical constriction weak, obsolete on dorsum; dorsal surface weakly reticulate, smooth along midline; punctures on disc medium-sized, absent along post-medial part of midline; interspaces between punctures narrower than diameter of each puncture; punctures on collar smaller than those on disc; prosternal process much narrower than front coxa. Scutellum linguiform. Mesoventrite weakly depressed below level of metaventrite; mesoventral process linguiform, about two thirds width of mesocoxal cavity. Metaventrite almost as long as abdominal sternite III; median sulcus distinct; metacoxal cavity widely separated.</p><p>Elytra 1.7–1.8 times as long as wide, 1.9–2.2 times as long as and 1.2–1.3 times as wide as pronotum, subparallel-sided; apical part of lateral margins moderately explanate; apices conjointly rounded; intervals weakly convex; surface of each interval smooth, without setae, with irregular row of minute punctures; ninth intervals connecting seven and third intervals, not reaching suture; striae with a row of medium-sized punctures; sixth to ninth striae not reaching base. Hind wings developed.</p><p>Legs. Femora not pedunculate; front tibiae not sinuate on inner and outer margins, with dorsal side covered with setae apically; subapical fringe of front tibiae present; apex of front tibiae with large uncus on outer angle and small mucro on inner angle; inner setose fringe of front tibiae weakly angulate; third tarsal segments moderately emarginate, slightly wider than second segments.</p><p>Abdomen. Sternites III to VII not concave; suture between sternites III and IV distinct.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 4–7). Tergite VII without stridulatory plectra. Sternite VIII divided, with apical membranous area weakly sclerotized, densely covered with setae; spiculum gastrale asymmetrically curved, bifid at base, expanded and flattened at apex. Aedeagus with body 1.8 times as long as wide, subparallel-sided from base to subapical part, rapidly and arcuately convergent apically, rounded at apex without projection, moderately curved entirely in lateral view, bearing a few short setae on apical margin, with weakly sclerotized triangular plate on dorso-basal margin; endophallus with a pair of sclerites on subbasal part; apodemes 2.3 times as long as aedeagal body; tegmen ring-shaped, symmetrical; manubrium long.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 8–10). Tergite VII without stridulatory plectra; sternite VIII with many setae on posterior margin; spiculum ventrale bifurcate at base; gonocoxites well developed; styli distinct. Spermatheca falciform; apical part moderately curved, acutely narrowed toward apex; collum and ramus close, not prominent.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype (Figs 4–7): male (KUM), “ Mt. Ôarashi-yama /  Hakusan-C. Ishikawa . / 8.VI.2018 [JAP]. / H. Kawase leg.” (typed on white card); “HOLOTYPE /  Phloeophagus /  japonicus / des. S. Inoue, 2024” (typed on red card)  .   Paratypes: Japan: Hokkaido: 1 unsexed, Kamiashoro,  Ashoro-chô, 21.VII.1999, I. Matoba leg. (KUM);   1 unsexed, nr. Mt. Rausu,  Iwaobetsu, 21.VII.1997, Y. Asano leg. (KUM);   1 unsexed, Maruyama,  Sapporo, 21.VII.1998, M. Suzuki leg. (KUM);   1 unsexed, Hokkaido University Campus,  Sapporo-shi, 21.VII.1999, Shôji Inoue leg. (KUM);   Honshu: Aomori Pref.: 1 unsexed, Kôsei-rindo,  Nishimeyamura,  Nakatsugarugun, 4.VII.1992, T. Ozaki leg. (KUM);  1 unsexed, same localiy, 21.VII.1992, T. Ozaki leg. (KUM);  1 unsexed, Kôsei-rindo,  Ajigasawa-machi, 21.VIII.1993, T. Ozaki leg. (KUM);   2 unsexed, Shiraiwa, Ozaki,  Hiraka-machi, 29.VI.2002, T. Ozaki leg. (KUM);   1 unsexed, Yunomata, Oohata-machi,  Shimokita Pen ., 26.VII.1956, T. Ozaki leg. (KUM);   5 unsexed, Fuyubesawa, Kodomari,  Nakadomari-machi, 24.V.1997, T. Sato leg. (KUM);   Oirase-gawa,  Fukauramachi, 3.VII.1988, S. Yamauchi leg. (AOPM);   1 unsexed,  Ozaki, 14.IV.1940, collector unknown (AOPM);   1 unsexed,  Ozaki-yama, 6.IV, 1940, collector unknown (AOPM);   Akita Pref.: 1 unsexed, Monzen,  Oga-shi, from dead tree of  Zelkova serrata, 14.VI.2014, M. Narita leg. (KUM);   1 unsexed, Hottai-no-taki,  Yurihonjo-shi, 4.VII.2012, I. Matoba leg. (KUM);   Miyagi Pref.: 1♂, 3♀, Hatasaka,  Taiwa-chô, 19.VII.2019, T. Ozaki leg. (KUM);   1 unsexed, Futakuchi-rindo, Akiu,  Sendai-shi, 8.VIII.2012, M. Kodama leg. (KUM)  ; Ishikawa Pref.: 1 unsexed, Ozô,  HakusanC., 15.VI.2018, H. Kawase leg. (KUM);   3 unsexed, Ôarashi-yama, Shiramine,  Hakusan-shi, 30.V.2021, H. Kawase leg. (KUM);   Wakayama Pref.: 1 unsexed,  Katsuragi-san, 23.VII.2021, I. Matoba leg. (KUM);   Tottori Pref.: 1 unsexed,  Mt. Daisen, 3.VIII.1974, T. Kinoshita leg. (KUM);   1 unsexed,  Mt. Daisen, 27–28.VII.1976, Y. Notsu leg. (KUM);   Okayama Pref.: 2 unsexed, Tatsumi-tôge, Kamisaibara,  Kagamino-chô, 15.VII.2012, O. Yamaji leg. (KUM);   Kyushu: Ôita Pref.: 1 unsexed, Hôei-rindo,  Ogata-machi, 22.VIII.2009, T. Hada leg. (KUM);   1 unsexed, Oike, Shônai-machi,  Yufu-shi, 7.VI.2012, H. Hatano leg. (KUM);   3 unsexed, Kurotake, Shônai-machi,  Yufu-shi, 21.VII.2013, T. Hada leg. (KUM);   1 unsexed, Oike, Kurotake,  Yufu-shi, 17.VI.2021, S. Imada leg. (KUM)  .</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, and Kyushu.</p><p>Biological note. An adult was collected from a dead tree of  Zelkova serrata ( Ulmaceae) in Akita Prefecture, Honshu.</p><p>Etymology. The scientific name reflects the fact that this species is currently known only from Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03956D73FFB2FFC23DF0FC99E413567F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Inoue, Shûgo	Inoue, Shûgo (2025): Taxonomy of the genus Phloeophagus Schoenherr (Curculionidae: Cossoninae) from Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 179-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.9
03956D73FFB7FFC93DF0FF26E20D57D6.text	03956D73FFB7FFC93DF0FF26E20D57D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phloeophagus orientalis Osella 1974	<div><p>Phloeophagus orientalis Osella, 1974</p><p>[New Japanese name: Ô-futo-kikui-zômushi]</p><p>(Figs 11–24)</p><p>Phloeophagus orientalis Osella, 1974: 416 [original description; type locality: “Vladivostok”]; Hlaváč &amp; Maughan, 2013: 227 [cataloged]; Legalov, 2020: 483 [cataloged]; Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2023: 117 [cataloged].</p><p>Phloeophagus sp.: Hirano et al., 2017: 81 &amp; fig. 108 [recorded from Hokkaido, Japan].</p><p>Diagnosis.  Phloeophagus orientalis can be distinguished from the other Japanese species,  P. japonicus, by the following character states: rostrum longer, 1.9–2.1 times as long as its basal width; dorsal surface of prothorax with punctures smaller, present along midline, with interspaces between punctures more than 1.5 times as long as diameter of each puncture; elytra longer, 1.9–2.1 times as long as width, 2.3–2.5 times as long as pronotum, with striae composed of smaller punctures; apical part of elytral lateral margins weakly explanate; femora pedunculate.  Phloeophagus orientalis can also be distinguished from the other Palaearctic species by the combination of the following characters: eyes less convex; body smooth, glossy; pronotum narrower than elytra, moderately arcuate at side, widest just behind middle, subapical constriction obsolete on dorsum; punctures on elytral intervals rather indistinct; apical part of ninth elytral intervals connecting third intervals, not reaching suture apically; aedeagal body moderately curved entirely in lateral view (based on Folwaczny 1973; Osella 1974, Osella et al. 1993).</p><p>Redescripition (based on Japanese specimens). Measurements (n = 8; in mm): BL 3.94–4.89; RWB 0.32– 0.39; RL 0.62–0.79; PW 1.11–1.27; PL 1.13–1.44; EW 1.36–1.69; EL 2.78–3.41.</p><p>Body (Figs 11–13) rather fusiform, convex, black, glossy; antennae, apex of tibiae, and tarsi dark brown.</p><p>Head. Postocular constriction weak, obsolete on dorsum; distance between eyes and postocular constriction much shorter than diameter of eye; eyes weakly convex; median fovea of forehead indistinct; dorsal surface reticulate, without distinct setae; punctures small and sparse on vertex, small and sparse on forehead. Rostrum 1.9–2.1 times as long as its basal width, subparallel-sided from base to apex; apical part weakly curved ventrally in lateral view; surface weakly reticulated; punctures small, sparse; epistome weakly prominent at right side, with several setae; dorsum with median sulcus much shallow or absent; scrobe with anterior part slightly visible in dorsal view, not angulate at middle in lateral view; posterior part of scrobe not diverged, directed obliquely toward lower side of rostrum, with upper margin almost touching eye.</p><p>Antennae weakly curved, clavate; scape almost as long as funicle, reaching middle of eye; funicle seven segmented; first segment of funicle longer than wide; club oval, as long as combination of fourth to seventh funicular segments.</p><p>Prothorax 1.0–1.2 times as long as wide, widest just behind middle, moderately arcuate; anterior margin truncated or weakly emarginate, narrower than posterior margin; subapical constriction weak, obsolete on dorsum; dorsal surface reticulate; punctures on disc small, present or absent along midline; interspaces between punctures more than 1.5 times as long as diameter of each puncture; punctures on collar smaller than those on disc; prosternal process much narrower than front coxa. Scutellum linguiform. Mesoventrite weakly depressed below the level of metaventrite; mesoventral process linguiform, about half width of mesocoxal cavity. Metaventrite almost as long as abdominal sternite III; median sulcus distinct; metacoxal cavity widely separated.</p><p>Elytra 1.9–2.1 times as long as wide, 2.3–2.5 times as long as and 1.2–1.3 times as wide as pronotum, subparallel-sided; apical part of lateral margins slightly explanate; apices conjointly rounded; intervals weakly convex; surface of each interval smooth, without setae, with irregular row of minute punctures; ninth intervals connecting third intervals, not reaching suture; striae with a row of small punctures; sixth to ninth striae not reaching base. Hind wings developed.</p><p>Legs. Femora pedunculate; front tibiae not sinuate on inner and outer margins, with dorsal side covered with setae apically; subapical fringe of front tibiae present; apex of front tibiae with large uncus on outer angle and small mucro on inner angle; inner setose fringe of front tibiae weakly angulate; third tarsal segments moderately emarginate, slightly wider than second segments.</p><p>Abdomen. (Figs 14–15) In male, sternite III, IV and VII concave in the middle, covered with yellowish setae; in female, sternites III to VII not concave, without setae; suture between sternite III and IV distinct.</p><p>Male terminalia and genitalia (Figs 16–19). Tergite VII with two rows of indistinct stridulatory plectra. Sternite VIII divided, with apical membranous area weakly sclerotized, densely covered with setae; spiculum gastrale asymmetrically curved, bifid at base, expanded and flattened at apex. Aedeagus with body 1.2 times as long as wide, gradually and obliquely diverged from base to subapical part, rapidly and arcuately convergent apically, rounded at apex without projection, moderately curved entirely in lateral view, bearing many long setae laterally on apical margin, with moderately sclerotized triangular plate on dorso-basal margin; endophallus with an elongate, ventrally curved sclerite on basal part and a pair of small sclerites on subbasal part; apodemes 3.3 times as long as aedeagal body; tegmen ring-shaped, asymmetrical; manubrium long.</p><p>Female terminalia and genitalia (Figs 20–22). Tergite VII without stridulatory plectra; sternite VIII with many setae on posterior margin; spiculum ventrale bifurcate at base; gonocoxites well developed; styli distinct. Spermatheca falciform; apical part moderately curved, roundly narrowed toward apex; collum and ramus close, not prominent.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype (Figs 23–24): unsexed (NMPC), "As. or. 919 /  Vladivostok / Dr. Jureôek " (typed on white card); "Mus. Nat. Pragae / Inv. 20595" (typed on yellow card); "Holotypus /  Phloeophagus /  orientalis m. / det. Osella 1971" (typed on red card).</p><p>Non-type material.   Japan: Honshu: Aomori Pref.: 1♂, Jôgakura,  Aomori-shi, 21.VII.2000, T. Ozaki leg. (KUM);   1♂, Nagadai,  Ajigasawa-machi, 6.VIII.2000, T. Ozaki leg. (KUM);   Iwate Pref.: 1 female, Matsukusazawa,  Kawai-mura, 16.VI.1985, T. Sato leg. (KUM);   Fukushima Pref.: 3♂, 2♀, Nakayama-tôge Pass, Tateiwamura,  Minamiaizu, 20.VII.1999, T. Mikage leg. (KUM);   1♀, Funamata-rindo,  Hinoemata-mura, 14.VIII.1995, T. Mikage leg. (KUM);   1♂, 1♀, Hirasawa-rindô,  Minamiaizu-machi, 1–10.VII.2018, K. Narita leg. (KUM);   1♂, Shindenbara,  Minami-Aizu, 29.VII.1984, K. Emoto leg. (KUM);   Tochigi Pref.: 3♂, Yumoto,  Nikko, 16.VIII.2011, K. Takahashi leg. (KUM);   Gunma Pref.: 2♀,  Marunuma, 12.VII.2014, Y. Fujisawa leg. (KUM);   Kanagawa Pref.: 1♀,  Hinokiboramaru, Nishitanzawa, 18.VI.1995, K. Kaneko leg. (KUM);   1♀, Dôdaira,  Kiyokawa-mura, 5.VIII.1995, H. Karube leg. (KUM);  Fukui Pref.: 1♀, Heiketaira, Ono City, 16.VI.1998, Shoji Inoue leg., by malaise trap (KUM);  Nagano Pref.: 1♂, Fukushima,  Kiso, 6.VI.1974, H. Hayakawa leg. (KUM);   1♀, Shirabidaira,  Kamiina, 28.VIII.1997, K. Masumoto leg. (KUM);   Gifu Pref.: 1♂, Ôshirakawa,  Shirakawa-mura, 8.IX.2011, Shoji Inoue leg., by spraying (KUM);   Gifu Pref.: 1♂, 1♀, Hirasedô,  Hakusan,  Shirakawa-mura, 25.VII.2024, H. Kawase leg. (KUM);   Shizuoka Pref.: 1♂, Takahachi-yama,  Omote-Fujisan, 1600 m, 30–31.VII.2001, Y. Notsu leg. (KUM);   Wakayama Pref.: 1♂,  Gomadan-yama, from tree hollow of  Magnolia obovata, 2.VIII.2010, I. Matoba leg. (KUM);   5♂, 6♀,  Gomadan-yama, 9.IX.2010, I. Matoba leg. (KUM);  2♂, ditto, 6.VII.2013, I. Matoba leg. (KUM);  2♂, 8♀,  Mt. Gomadan, 4.VI.2011, I. Matoba leg. (KUM);   Shikoku: Tokushima Pref.: 1♀,  Dosutoge, 26.V.1974, M. Yoshida leg. (KUM);   1♂, Fujinoikedani,  Koyadaira, Mima City, 1240 m, 17.VI –1.VII.2007, K. Tanaka leg., by flight interception trap (KUM);   1♀,  Mt. Tsurugi, 11–12.VII.1976, Y. Notsu leg. (KUM);   Kyushu: Miyazaki Pref.: 22♂, 14♀, Mt. Goyôdake,  Hinokage-chô, 16.VII.1989, R. Noda leg. (KUM);   1♀, Mt. Mukouzaka-yama,  Gokasemachi, 24.VII.2017, T. Yoshida leg. (KUM);   1♀, Mt. Shiraiwa-yama,  Gokase-cho, 22–24.VII.2016, T. Yoshida leg. (KUM)  .</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu; Russian Far East: Primorsky Krai and Kuril Islands.</p><p>Biological note. An adult was collected from a tree hollow of  Magnolia obovata ( Magnoliaceae) in Wakayama Prefecture, Honshu.</p><p>Remarks. I compared the Japanese specimens with the holotype from the Russian Far East and confirmed that most of the character states in dorsal view were consistent. Although the elytra of the holotype is gradually expanded from the base to the apical two-thirds (subparallel-sided in Japanese specimens), I concluded that this differences fall within the range of geographical variation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03956D73FFB7FFC93DF0FF26E20D57D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Inoue, Shûgo	Inoue, Shûgo (2025): Taxonomy of the genus Phloeophagus Schoenherr (Curculionidae: Cossoninae) from Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 179-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.9
