taxonID	type	description	language	source
0393879AEA45FF92A7D9FE9629ECF929.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Curculio scanicus (Paykull, 1792) (by subsequent designation (Schoenherr 1838: 321); see O’ Brien and Wibmer (1982) and Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999 )).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA45FF92A7D9FE9629ECF929.taxon	description	Redescription. Length 1.9 – 3.0 mm. Small, elongate-oval, cuticle dark, brown, yellow, dull orange, and / or dull red. Cuticle covered in coarse, white, and / or yellow hair-like or broader scales. Rostrum stout, roughly equal in length to pronotum, and often covered in scales up to antennal insertion. Eyes small, circular to oval in shape, extending somewhat onto the rostrum medially. With or without prominent fovea between eyes. Antennae reddish-brown with small, oval-shaped club. Pronotum as wide as long, coarsely punctate, scaled, with or without prominent smooth, longitudinal midline. Scutellum usually covered with white scales, often appearing brighter than surrounding regions of elytra. Elytra oval-shaped in dorsal view, striae with large, deep punctures, each bearing a scale. Punctures of elytral striae distinctly larger than those of pronotal disk. Interstrial regions of elytra with 2 – 3 irregular rows of scales. In lateral view, elytra largely straight in first half to two-thirds of length, more curved in apical third. Ventrites flat, punctate, covered in scales. First 2 – 3 ventrites depressed medially in male, unmodified in female. Last ventrite, with glabrous, longitudinal carina or swelling at apex in male, unmodified in female. Legs with femora not toothed (except in E. scanicus, which occasionally bears a minute tooth). Tibiae straight, slightly shorter than femora. Preapical tarsomere bi-lobed. Tarsal claws bearing basal tooth. Aedeagus rounded, subquadrate, or pointed at apex. Internal sac with or without protruding V-shaped basal structures.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA47FF9FA7D9FC3029F5F98A.taxon	description	Figs. 3 A, 4, 5 B, 6 B	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA47FF9FA7D9FC3029F5F98A.taxon	description	Orchestes ruficornis Zetterstedt, 1837 (description). Mecinus erythrocerus Abeille de Perrin, 1910 (description).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA47FF9FA7D9FC3029F5F98A.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. AUSTRIA: Lower Austria, Tullnerbach, A. Winkler (2, CMNC); Wendbach (1, MIZ), COL 000400; CANADA: Alberta: Calgary, 14. vi. 1953 – 18. vi. 1959, B. and J. Carr (8, CNCI); Ghost Dam, 18. vi. 1959 – 22. v. 1981, B. and J. Carr (7, CNCI); Edmonton, vi. 1915 – 26. iv. 1922, F. S. Carr (3, CNCI, 2, CAS; 6, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726981, MCZ-ENT 00726982, MCZ-ENT 00726985 (E. borealis PARATYPE), MCZ-ENT 00727085, MCZ-ENT 00727188, MCZ-ENT 00727189; Edmonton, 10. v. 1916, A. C. Davis (4, CNCI); 24 mi. S of Lloydminster, 30. v. 1963, Forest Insect Survey, on Populus tremuloides (1, CNCI); McMurray, 4. vi. 1953, Brooks – Wallis (1, CNCI); Exshaw, 27. vi. 1954, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Manitoba: Aweme, 28. iv. 1903 – 19. v. 1922, N. Criddle (1, DEBU; 1, CNCI; 1, MCZC), DEBU 01089104, MCZ-ENT 00726983; “ Manitoba ” (1, RBCM), RBCM EENT 991 - 111634; Gillam, 11. vi. – 17. vii. 1950, W. J. Brown and J. F. McAlpine (27, CNCI); Onanole, Riding Mountain National Park, 8. vi. 1937 – 15. vi. 1938, W. J. Brown (15, CNCI); Carberry, 9. v. 1953, Brooks – Kelton (1, CNCI); Makinak (3, CNCI); New Brunswick: Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P. N. A. (46.1125 ° N, 65.6075 ° W), 3 – 25. v. 2011, M. Roy and V. Webster, Red Oak forest Lindgren funnel trap (2, NBM), NBM- 070113 – NBM- 070115; Belleville Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve (46.1878 ° N, 67.6705 ° W), 18. viii. 2008, R. P. Webster (1, NBM), NBM- 070105; Northwest Territories (new territorial record): Norman Wells, 9. iv. 1949 – 26. v. 1953, S. D. Hicks and C. D. Bird (75, CNCI); Ontario: Ridgeway, Liebeck (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726946, MCZ-ENT 00726947, MCZ-ENT 00727187; Prince Edward Co., 28. v. 1919 – 1. vi. 1923, J. F. Brimley (11, CNCI); Rainy River District, 14. v. 1924, J. F. Brimley (6, CNCI); Emo, 21. vi. 1924, J. F. Brimley (2, CNCI); Constance Bay, 6. viii. 1959, H. Howden, on sweetfern (1, CNCI); Constance Bay, 17. iv. 1968 – 29. iv. 1998, Henry and Anne Howden (60, CMNC); Constance Bay, 1970, S. Peck (1, CNCI); Constance Bay, 21. iv. 1977, M. Sanborne (2, CMNC); Carleton Co., Constance Bay, 26. iv. 1935, W. J. Brown (5, CNCI); Constance Bay, 19. v. 1933, W. J. Brown (22, CNCI); Prince Edward Co., 14. viii. 1964, J. F. Brimley (4, UAIC), UAIC 1072869; Ottawa, 22. iv. 1976, M. Sanborne, on willow (2, CMNC); Ottawa, 23. v. 1965, A. T. Howden (1, CMNC); Ottawa, 6. v. 1930, W. J. Brown (3, CNCI); Ottawa, 17. v. 1961, Kelton (1, CNCI); Mer Bleue, 13. v. 1932 – 10. v. 1933, W. J. Brown (38, CNCI); Kenora District, Minnitaki, 12. v. 1960, F. I. S., on female Populus tremuloides catkins (2, CNCI); Hartington, Eel Lake, South Frontenac (44.563 ° N, 76.5522 ° W), 6. ix. 2017, J. deWaard (1, CBG), BIOUG 35446 - H 11, ELPCH 211 – 17; Hartington, Eel Lake, South Frontenac (44.5645 ° N, 76.5516 ° W), 25. vii – 8. viii. 2017, G. Blagoev (1, CBG), BIOUG 35442 - G 10, ELPCG 9470 - 17; Quebec: Cantley, 45.591726 ° N, 75.784856 ° W, 17. v. 2020, J. H. Lewis, (1, CMNC), LEW _ 69, OP 215778 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218943 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number); near chemin Holmes (Cantley), 45.598843 ° N, 75.798396 ° W, on female Salix catkins, J. H. Lewis, (1, CMNC), LEW _ 71, OP 215779 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218944 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number); Cantley, 45.59468 ° N, 75.794389 ° W, 24. iv. 2021, J. H. Lewis, beaten of Salix sp., (1, CMNC), LEW _ 135, OP 215784 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218954 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number); Rigaud, Liebeck Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726952; Gatineau, near Boucher Forest (45.427673 ° N, 75.823561 ° W), 2. v. 2021, J. H. Lewis, beaten from Populus tremuloides (2, CMN), LEW _ 118, OP 215783 (GenBank CO 1 accession number); Gatineau, Mont Cascades (45.588793 ° N, 75.845822 ° W), 13. v. 2021, J. H. Lewis, beaten from Salix (1, CMNC), LEW _ 90, OP 215780 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218948 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number); Estrie Region, Scotstown, 14 – 21. v. 2012, C. Levesque (2, CNCI); Kirks Ferry, 25. v. 1950, B. P. Beirne, in light trap (1, CNCI); Laniel, 14. viii. 1982, W. J. Brown (1, CNCI); Gatineau Park, Harrington Lake, 31. v. 1954, R. McCondochie (1, CNCI); Cartier, Mount Jacques, 9. vii. 1954, W. J. Brown (1, CNCI); Kazubazua, 25. v. 1933, W. J. Brown (8, CNCI); Seven Islands, 8. vi. 1929, W. J. Brown (6, CNCI); Saskatchewan (new provincial record): Prince Albert, 3. vii. 1954, Brooks – Wallis (1, CNCI); Fish Creek, 20. v. 1928, K. M. King (3, CNCI); Elbow, 23. vi. 1954, Brooks – Wallis (1, CNCI); FINLAND: Espoo, Vanttila (60.1829 ° N, 24.6157 ° E), 6. viii. 2012, E. Helve (1, ZMUO), ZMUO. 004794, KJ 962308; Kuusamo, Aroniemi (66.2741 ° N, 29.7033 ° E), 14. vi. 2014, Mikko Pentinsaari (2, ZMUO), ZMUO. 016797, ZMUO. 016798, COLFH 362 - 14; COLFH 363 - 14; GERMANY: Laucha an der Unstrut, C. Schenkling (4, CNCI); Bavaria, Holzkirchen, 19. v. 1957 – 8. v. 1959, K. Gaigl (3, ZSM); Bavaria, Dietramszell, 26. iv. 1959, K. Gaigl (1, ZSM); POLAND: Owl Mountains (Eulengeb) (2, MIZ), COL 000397; Sudety-G, Stolowe, Zacisze, 15. v. 1947, M. Wegrzecki (1, MIZ), COL 000398; Sierakow, 15. viii. 1950, B. Burakowski (1, MIZ), COL 000399; Schlesien (1, MIZ), COL 000401; RUSSIA: 2011, B. Korotyeav (3, CMNC); SLOVAKIA: Čačín, Bystrická vrchovina hills (48 ° 40.3 ' N, 19 ° 15.4 ' E), 6. vii. 2020, Michael Košťál (2, CMNC), LEW _ 95, OP 215781 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218950 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number), LEW _ 97, OP 215782 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218951 (GenBank CO 1 accession number). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Alaska: Moose Creek (64.71119 ° N, 147.10143 ° W), 26. v. – 9. vi. 2015, J. Hagelin, spruce, meadow, hanging Malaise (1, UAM), UAM 100387793; Connecticut: Cornwall, 14. vii. 1925, C. A. Frost (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727088; Indiana: Morgan Co., 14. vii – 7. viii. 2012, K. E. Schnepp, Malaise Trap (1, CMNC), LEW _ 104, OP 218952 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number); Elkhart, Liebeck (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726950, MCZ-ENT 00726951, MCZ-ENT 00700727186; Maine: Hampdan Highlands, 12. viii. 1929, H. C. Fall Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ _ ENT 00727182; Cumberland Co., 7. v. 1916, C. A. Frost Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726970, MCZ-ENT 00727073; Massachusetts: Middlesex Co., Natick, 15. vii. 1928, C. A. Frost (1, CNCI); Middlesex Co., Natick, 15. vii. 1928 – 18. iv. 1952, C. A. Frost, Salix catkins (1, CMNC; 3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726971 – MCZ-ENT 00726973; Michigan: Cheboygan Co., Cheboygan, 12. v. 1921, S. Moore (1, UAIC), UAIC 1072870; “ Mich. ”, F. C. Bowditch Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726959; Missouri: St. Louis, 26. iii. 1908 – 12. iv. 1908, G. W. Bock (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726949, MCZ-ENT 00726977 – MCZ-ENT 00726980; New Hampshire: Three Mile Island, 9. vi. 1907 – 8. v. 1927, Frederick Blanchard (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727091, MCZ-ENT 00727098, MCZ-ENT 00727099; Mount Washington, 11. v. 1910 – 16. vii. 1930, H. C. Fall Collection, Liebeck Collection, F. C. Bowditch Collection and F. Waldo Dodge Collection (11, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726944, MCZ-ENT 00726948, MCZ-ENT 00727080 – MCZ-ENT 00727084, MCZ-ENT 00727095, MCZ-ENT 00726996, MCZ-ENT 00727177, MCZ-ENT 00727185; Mount Washington, 1874, Frederick Blanchard Collection (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726974 – MCZ-ENT 00726976; Farmington, 3. viii. 1893 – 30. vii. 1900, H. C. Fall Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00700727183, MCZ-ENT 00727184; “ N. H. ”, F. C. Bowditch Collection (4, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726955 – MCZ-ENT 00726958; New York: “ N. Y. ”, H. C. Fall (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727180, MCZ-ENT 00727181; Oregon: Burgess, A. Fenyes (1, CAS); Pennsylvania: Hazleton, Liebeck Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726984; Allegheny Co., Frederick Blanchard Collection and W. G. Dietz Collection (6, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726967, MCZ-ENT 00727094, MCZ-ENT 00727100 – MCZ-ENT 00727103; “ Pa. ”, H. C. Fall Collection, F. C. Bowditch Collection, and W. G. Dietz (6, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726953, MCZ-ENT 00726954, MCZ-ENT 00726966, MCZ-ENT 00727093, MCZ-ENT 00727094, MCZ-ENT 00727179.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA47FF9FA7D9FC3029F5F98A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Length 2.5 – 2.9 mm. Cuticular colouration black and / or red in most specimens; rarely entirely pale yellow. Scales on pronotum uniform in colour (usually white) or only with central band of discolouration; lacking discoloured lateral bands. Metaventrite and metepisternum with scales relatively sparse, not obscuring underlying cuticle. Shiny carina running longitudinally along last ventrite of males (at least present as swelling at the middle of ventrite). Apex of aedeagus smoothly rounded (semicircular); not subquadrate or distinctly pointed. Internal sac tuberculate, with distinct sclerotised hook like structure; lacking any protruding basal structures. Distributed across temperate and boreal North America. Natural history. This species has been collected on Populus tremuloides (Michaux) and Salix bebbiana Sargent in North America, and in Europe from S. capraea Linnaeus, S. viminalis Linnaeus, S. cinerea Linnaeus, and S. aurita Linnaeus (Hoffmann 1954). Specimens of E. bipunctatus have also been collected in Lindgren funnel traps set in the canopy of P. grandidentata Michaux in New Brunswick (Webster et al. 2016) and in fermenting bait traps (beer / wine and sugars) in Russia (Ruchin et al. 2021).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA47FF9FA7D9FC3029F5F98A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in North America. This species is distributed widely across Canada, from New Brunswick to the Northwest Territories, and is also known from several American states, including Alaska and Oregon, and east of the Great Plains.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA47FF9FA7D9FC3029F5F98A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Molecular data indicate some level of differentiation between the European and North American populations of this species (see Figs. 1, 2); however, dissections and examinations of external morphology did not uncover any significant differences in morphology warranting formal naming. The limited CO 1 and ITS 2 data available (Figs. 1, 2) do not suggest North American and European populations mixing (i. e., introduction events), although broader sampling could be conducted to further investigate this possibility. Here, we treat these as the same species. This has implications for “ E. borealis ” (Carr, 1920), which is determined here to represent an all-red male E. bipunctatus on the basis of the following: (1) possessing a conspicuous, shiny carina extending longitudinally over the last ventrite (Fig. 3 A), (2) with the metepisternum and lateral half of the metaventrite not densely punctate or scaled, and with the cuticle in those regions mostly visible (Fig. 3 D), and (3) dissections of similar, all-red specimens from the Canadian Prairies are all E. bipunctatus. For this reason, E. borealis is hereafter treated as a junior synonym of E. bipunctatus. Label data for the holotype of E. borealis (examined) are as follows: CANADA, Alberta, Edmonton, 24. v. 1919, F. S. Carr [Edmonton Alta 24. v. 1919 F. S. Carr]. Type Elleschus borealis, No. 419. CNC 379701.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4BFF99A7F9F9842EC2F958.taxon	description	Figs. 5 C, 6 C, 7 Elleschus californicus Casey, 1885 (original description). Elleschus ephippiatus var. californicus; O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982: 116 (catalogue, distribution). Elleschus ephippiatus; Poole and Gentili 1996: 215 (catalogue). Notes about the type series. This species was described from two specimens collected in California, United States of America. The holotype (USNM) is labelled with one brown rectangular label that reads “ Cal. ”, a second brown rectangular label that reads “ californicus type. Casey. ”, a third brown rectangular label that reads “ CASEY bequest 1925 ”, a red rectangular label that reads “ TYPE USNM 36721 ”, and an institutional ID label that reads “ USNMENT 01448984 ”. Specimens examined	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4BFF99A7F9F9842EC2F958.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: California: Casey (1, USNM), CASEY bequest 1925, TYPE USNM 36721, USNMENT 01448984. Other material. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: California: Sutter Co., Nicolaus, 18. iv. 1971, Fred G. Andrews (1, CMNC); San Bernardino Co., Needles, 8. iv. 1989, W. F. Barr, on willow (2, CMNC); San Bernardino Co., Victorville, 16. v. 1955, W. R. M. Mason (1, CNCI); San Bernardino, F. C. Bowditch Collection (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727018, MCZ-ENT 00727020, MCZ-ENT 00727022; Kern Co., Wofford Heights, 14 – 15. vii. 1992, Henry and Anne Howden (4, CMNC); Greeley, W. G. Dietz Collection (4, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727048 – MCZ-ENT 00727051; Kern. Co., Alta Sierra, 15. vii. 1992, Henry and Anne Howden (3, CMNC); Modoc Co., Cedarville, 1. iv. 1946, W. F. Barr (1, CMNC); Los Angeles Co., Boquette, Boquet Canyon, 11. iv. 1974, M. W. Hetz (1, UAIC); Sonoma Co., 2 mi. N of Cloverdale, 27. iii. 1964, C. W. O’ Brien, on Salix (6, CNCI); Humboldt Co., Alton, 1. viii. 1937, B. P. Bliven (6, CAS); Humboldt Co., Willow Creek, 13. vi. 1916, F. E. Blaisdell (22, CAS); Humboldt Co., Myers, 22. ix. 1935, B. P. Bliven (4, CAS); Oroville, 30. iv. 1927 – 24. vi. 1927, H. H. Keifer, on Salix hindsiana (2, CAS); Oroville, 21. iv. 1928, H. H. Keifer (1, CAS); Trinity Co., Carrville, 1. vi. 1913, Van Dyke Collection (1, CAS); Monterey Co., Carmel, 5. viii. 1917, L. S. Slevin Collection (1, CAS); Sacramento, 27. iii. 1937, B. E. White (2, CAS); Ahwahnee, May (2, CAS; 1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727156; Castle Crag, vii, A. Fenyes (2, CAS); Kaweah, R. Hopping (1, CAS); Truckee, 7. vii. 1927, E. P. Van Duzee (1, CAS); Calaveras Co., Mokell Hill, 11. vi. 1921, F. E. Blaisdell (1, CAS); Napa Co., Butts Canyon, 13 km NW of Pope Valley, 17. iv. 1982, T. W. Davies (21, CAS); Yosemite, 27. v. 1931, B. E. White (1, CAS); Riverside, 5. iv. 1990, H. C. Fall Collection and F. Blanchard Collection (8, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727064 – MCZ-ENT 00727067, MCZ-ENT 00727145 – MCZ-ENT 00727148; Ventura, 3. iv. 1892, H. C. Fall Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727149; Lassen Co., 4. vi. 1913, H. C. Fall Collection and C. A. Frost Collection (9, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727076, MCZ-ENT 00727077, MCZ-ENT 00727150 – MCZ-ENT 00727155; Plumas Co., 17. viii. 1917, H. C. Fall Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727157, MCZ-ENT 00727158; Castle Crags, vii, H. C. Fall Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727161; Visalia, Culbertson (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727159; Lake Tahoe, 24. v. 1879, W. G. Dietz Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727115; “ Cal. ”, Liebeck Collection (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726986 – MCZ-ENT 00726988; Oregon: Lake Co., 8 mi. W of Adel, 24. v. 1973, K. J. Goeden (4, CMNC); Klamath Co., Sprague River canyon, 5 mi. E of Bly, 22. v. 1958, Vertrees and Schuh, on Salix (1, CMNC).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4BFF99A7F9F9842EC2F958.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Length 2.1 – 2.6 mm. Scales on pronotum usually not uniform in colour, with discoloured central and lateral bands. Metaventrite and metepisternum with scales relatively sparse not obscuring underlying cuticle. Distinct swelling at the tip of last ventrite of males (no longitudinal carina at middle of ventrite; often reduced or absent in smaller specimens). Apex of aedeagus quadrate to rounded, dorsoventrally flattened, and coming to a distinct, sharp point with two prominent tufts of setae. Aedeagus heavily sclerotised along lateral edges. Internal sac with protruding basal structures. Restricted to California and southern Oregon.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4BFF99A7F9F9842EC2F958.taxon	distribution	Distribution in North America. This species is restricted to California and southern Oregon. The apparent lack of overlap in the ranges of E. californicus and E. ephippiatus is notable, and further sampling of both species in the region may reveal differences in host plant preferences.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4BFF99A7F9F9842EC2F958.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species occupies a region known for high rates of animal and plant endemism (Harrison 2013), including several endemic Salix and Populus species (Little 1979). Ellescus californicus has been collected from Salix exigua var. hindsiana (Bentham) Dorn, a plant endemic to southwest Oregon, California, and Baja California (Mexico) (Little 1979). Although this species was previously treated as a junior synonym of E. ephippiatus (O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982; Poole and Gentili 1996), the previously undocumented differences in male genitalia and lack of overlap in geographic range with E. ephippiatus support the status of E. californicus as a distinct species. Although molecular data were not secured for E. californicus due to a lack of recently collected specimens in examined museum collections, this species is clearly closely related to E. ephippiatus as it possesses (1) a prominent swelling at the tip of the last ventrite (males only), (2) discoloured (scales) pronotal bands, and (3) a pointed aedeagus and internal sac with protruding basal structures.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4EFF9BA7E6FF1529FEFA05.taxon	description	Figs. 5 D, 8 Specimens examined	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4EFF9BA7E6FF1529FEFA05.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. CANADA: Ontario: Mer Bleue Bog, 45.3973 ° N, 75.5144 ° W, 13. v. 2021, R. S. Anderson, male beaten off Salix sp., (male, CMNC). Paratypes. CANADA: Alberta: Edmonton, 10. v. 1915 – 27. v. 1919, F. S. Carr (2, UAIC; 1 CNCI; 1 MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727116; Edmonton, Liebeck Collection (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727009 – MCZ-ENT 00727011; Peace River (18 mi. S), 2. vi. 1950, P. Rubtsoff (3, CNCI); Ghost Dam, 10. vi. 1980, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Calgary, 21. v. 1956, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Manitoba: Aweme, 15 – 26. v. 1903, N. Criddle (1, DEBU; 5, MCZC), DEBU 01089099, MCZ-ENT 00726992 – MCZ-ENT 00726995, MCZ-ENT 00727079; Riding Mountain National Park, 4 – 6. vi. 1938, W. J. Brown (3, CNCI); Carberry, 8 – 10. v. 1953, Brooks – Kelton (5, CNCI); Makinak (4, CNCI); Winnipeg, 24. v. 1909 – 27. iv. 1916, J. B. Wallis (7, RAM), 1983.001; Ontario: Prince Edward Co., 10. v. 1915 – 26. v. 1955, Brimley (11, CNCI); Smoky Falls, Mattagami River, 8. vi. 1934, G. S. Walley (1, CNCI); Ottawa, 7. v. 1960 – 11. vi. 1965, A. T. Howden (17, CMNC); Kanata, Corkstown Rd., 11. v. 1975, J. D. Read (1, CMNC); North Gower, 28. iv. – 4. v. 1987, L. LeSage, old beaver meadow, attracted with allylisothiocyanate (2, CMNC); Ottawa, Mer Bleue Bog (45.3973 ° N, 75.5144 ° W), 13. v. 2021, R. S. Anderson, beaten off Salix sp. (15, CMNC), LEW _ 145, OP 215794 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218955 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number), LEW _ 146, OP 215795 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), LEW _ 147, OP 218956 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number), LEW _ 148, OP 215796 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218957 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number), LEW _ 149, OP 215797 (GenBank CO 1 accession number); Mer Bleue, 10. v. 1933, W. J. Brown (75, CNCI); Wellington Co., Guelph, 3. v. 1982, D. Morris (1, DEBU), DEBU 01089097; Marmora, 22. iv. – 8. viii. 1952, J. C. Mitchell, on Salix (6, CNCI); Quebec: Cantley, 45.591637 ° N, 75.785395 ° W, 23. iv. 2021, J. H. Lewis, beaten off Salix sp., (1, CMNC), LEW _ 130, OP 215793 (GenBank CO 1 accession number); Rigaud (4, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727124 – MCZ-ENT 00727127; Montreal, v. 1929 – 10. v. 1931, H. C. Fall Collection and Liebeck Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727007, MCZ-ENT 00727160; Aylmer (Gatineau), Pink Road (near CMN natural history campus), 21. iv. 2008, L. LeSage, on Salix discolor catkins (8, CNCI); Cantley, dune on hill near chemin Holmes (45.591708 ° N, 75.784886 ° W), 22. v. 2020, J. H. Lewis, on female Salix catkins (2, CMNC), LEW _ 67, OP 215790 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 765914 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number), LEW _ 68, OP 215791 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218942 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number); Gatineau, Mont Cascades (45.590976 ° N, 75.850493 ° W), 14. v. 2021, J. H. Lewis, beaten from Salix (1, CMNC); Aylmer, disturbed lot across road from 1740 Pink Road (45.441961 ° N, 75.811547 ° W), 10. v. 2020, J. H. Lewis, on female Salix catkins (1, CMNC), LEW _ 70, OP 215792 (GenBank CO 1 accession number); Aylmer, disturbed lot across road from 1740 Pink Road (45.441961 ° N, 75.811547 ° W), 6. v. 2022, J. H. Lewis, on Salix catkins (20, JHLC); Gatineau, Boucher Forest (45.416327 ° N, 75.826699 ° W), 18. v. 2021, J. H. Lewis, beaten from Salix (3, CMNC); 28. vi. 1965, Malaise trap (1, CNCI); Kazubazua, 25. v. 1933, W. J. Brown (1, CNCI); Mont St. Hilaire, v. 1909 (1, CNCI); Saskatchewan: Saskatoon, 21. v. 1940, A. R. Brooks (1, CNCI); Canora, 28. v. 1954, Brooks – Wallis (1, CNCI); Fish Creek, 20. v. 1921, K. M. King (1, CNCI); UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Maine: Penobscot Co., Orono, 24. v. 1948 (2, UAIC), UAIC 1072936, UAIC 1072937; Michigan: Oakland Co., Royal Oak, 10. vi. 1916, A. W. Andrews (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727163, MCZ-ENT 00727164; Whitefish Point, 26. vii. 1914, H. C. Fall Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727162; Lansing, Liebeck Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727015; Minnesota: Otter Tail Co., Maplewood St. Pk., 28. v. 1983, I. S. Askevold, sweeps of Salix (2, CMNC; 1, UAIC); New Hampshire: Mount Washington, vii. 1910, Liebeck Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727001; Pennsylvania: Warren, A. Fenyes (1, CAS); Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin – Madison Arboretum, 30. iv. 1949, R. H. Jones (7, CNCI).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4EFF9BA7E6FF1529FEFA05.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Length 1.9 – 2.2 mm. Scales on pronotum usually not uniform in colour, with discoloured central and lateral bands. Metaventrite and metepisternum with scales relatively sparse not obscuring underlying cuticle. Metaventrite (black to dark red) usually not contrasting with femora, tibiae, or latter half of rostrum. Elytral colouration distinct; largely dark with contrasting orange band in apical half. Lacking a distinct swelling at the tip of last ventrite of males. Apex of aedeagus coming to a broad, rounded point, with apical edges flattened laterally; also with setae distributed along the surface. Internal sac with protruding basal structures. Distributed across temperate North America.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4EFF9BA7E6FF1529FEFA05.taxon	distribution	Distribution in North America. This species is broadly distributed across Canada, from Quebec to Alberta, and is also known from several northern American states including Maine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The species has been collected in large series from the Ottawa – Gatineau region, Ontario and Quebec, where it is often the most abundant species of Ellescus; it is only known from short series or single specimens in most other provinces and states.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4EFF9BA7E6FF1529FEFA05.taxon	description	Variation. Colour is relatively conserved in this species across its range (overall dark, with a bright, contrasting orange band across the apical half of the elytra; Fig. 8 A, B). However, all-red specimens are known from Otter Tail Co., Minnesota and two localities in Manitoba (e. g., Fig. 8 C, D). All-red forms also occur in E. ephippiatus and E. bipunctatus and are usually cases of geographic variation rather than teneral or aberrant colouration. The all-red forms of Ellescus michaeli may also represent instances of geographic variation. All-red forms are especially common in western Canadian population of Ellescus, and it is not uncommon to encounter series which contain mixtures of all-red forms of all three species. Dissection of males and to a lesser extent females is sometimes necessary in those cases to accurately identify specimens to the species level.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4EFF9BA7E6FF1529FEFA05.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This patronym is dedicated to Dr. Michael Košťál (Slovakia), a weevil expert who graciously collected and mailed fresh specimens of Palearctic Ellescus for use in this project. Natural history. This species has been collected from S. discolor Muhlenberg, S. petiolaris Sm., and S. bebbiana Sargent. Collections for this study revealed that this species emerges in early spring and can be found inactive on female Salix catkins on colder mid- to late April days. This species appears to be active earlier in the spring than E. ephippiatus, and unlike that species, Ellescus michaeli has yet to be collected from Populus trees.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4EFF9BA7E6FF1529FEFA05.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The combination of unique male genitalia, colour, and ITS 2 sequence data (Fig. 2) support E. michaeli as a new species. Notably, CO 1 did not delineate E. michaeli and E. ephippiatus (see Fig. 1), but ITS 2 reliably did so for all specimens examined. This illustrates the importance of using multiple markers in taxonomy and also that CO 1 alone does not separate species in all cases. Molecular data (CO 1, ITS 2) and morphology indicate that E. michaeli is closely related to the more widespread and variable E. ephippiatus. To preclude a possible introduction, all currently recognised Old World Ellescus were examined and are all morphologically unlike E. michaeli.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4FFF82A7F9FA14297FF929.taxon	description	Figs. 3 B, 5 E, 9	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4FFF82A7F9FA14297FF929.taxon	description	Eririhinus rufous Say, 1832 (description)	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4FFF82A7F9FA14297FF929.taxon	description	Specimens examined Syntype. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Indiana (see Remarks), (1, NHRS), NHRS-JLKB 000073656.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4FFF82A7F9FA14297FF929.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. CANADA: Alberta: Calgary, 31. vi. 1957 – 19. v. 1978, B. F. and J. L. Carr (3, CNCI); Elbow Falls, 13. vi. 1959, B. F. and J. L. Carr (5, CNCI); Exshaw, 27. vi. 1954, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Fort Macleod, 20. vi. 1976 – 23. vii. 1977, B. F. and J. L. Carr (3, CNCI); Fitzgerald, 15. vi. 1988, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Lethbridge, 24. vi. 1956, O. Peck (1, CNCI); Lethbridge, Oldman River, 22. vi. 1956, E. E. Sterns (3, CNCI); Lethbridge, 6. v – 30. vi. 1930, J. H. Pepper (9, CNCI); Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park (25 mi. E), 15. vii. 1980, G. Gibson, sweeps (2, CMNC); Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park (0.5 mi. E), 14. vi. 1982, R. S. Anderson and G. A. P. Gibson, sweeping (6, CMNC); Sandy Point campground, 32 km S of Empress, 2. viii. 1981, R. S. Anderson (2, CMNC); Medicine Hat, Kin Coulee Park, 13. vi. 1982, R. S. Anderson and G. A. P Gibson (13, CMNC); Medicine Hat, 3. vi. 1920 – vi. 1930, F. S. Carr (3, CNCI); Medicine Hat, 17. vi. 1930, J. H. Pepper (1, CNCI); Medicine Hat, 21. vii. 1962 – 5. viii. 1979, B. F. and J. L. Carr (8, CNCI); Manyberries, 30. vi. 1930, J. H. Pepper (2, CNCI); McMurray, 4. vi. 1953, W. J. Brown, on Salix (6, CNCI); Edmonton, 27. v. 1985, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI), CNC COLEO DNA 00157038 (BOLD sample ID); Edmonton, 15. v. 1915 – 26. iv. 1922, F. S. Carr (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727086, MCZ-ENT 00727188, MCZ-ENT 00727189; British Columbia: Oliver (5 – 7 mi. N), 21. v. – 2. vi. 1958, H. and A. Howden (2, CNCI); Oliver, 15. v. 1959, L. A. Kelton (11, CNCI); Manitoba: Churchill, 10. vii. 2008, S. McCubbin and J. Sones (1, CBG), CHU-MXC- 090, JSCOC 148 - 09; Churchill, 13 – 17. vi. 1952, J. G. Chillcott (2, CNCI); Aweme, 28. vi. 1920, N. Criddle (1, CNCI); Aweme, 24. v. 1912, H. C. Fall Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727196, MCZ-ENT 00727197; Glenboro, 9. vi. 1920, S. Criddle (1, CNCI); Eastman Region, Victoria Beach, 6. vii. 1985, I. S. Askevold (2, CMNC); Eastman Region, Brokenhead, road crossing at Hwy # 15, 20 km E of Anola, I. S. Askevold and D. A. Pollock (4, CMNC); Wapusk National Park (58.7231 ° N, 93.4597 ° W), 15. vi – 22. vi. 2014, D. Iles (1, CBG), BIOUG 17638 - A 05, CNWAA 700 - 14; Gillam, 18. vi – 1. vii. 1950, W. J. Brown (3, CNCI); Carberry, 20. v. 1953, Brooks – Kelton (4, CNCI); Riding Mountain National Park, 5 – 11. vi. 1938, W. J. Brown (2, CNCI); Warkworth Creek (near Churchill), 21. vi. 1952, J. G. Chillcott (6, CNCI); New Brunswick: Sunbury Co., Maugerville (off Route 105 (45.8662 ° N, 66.4559 ° W), 4. vi. 2014, R. P. Webster, flood plain forest, sweeping roadside foliage (1, RWC); Northwest Territories: Yellowknife, 29. v. 1953, J. G. Chillcott (2, CNCI); Yellowknife, 24. vi. 1949, R. R. Hall (1, CNCI); Ontario: Prince Edward Co., 19. viii. 1923 – 17. v. 1950, J. F. Brimley (15, CNCI); Rouge National Urban Park, west of Glen Rouge campground (43.8040 ° N, 79.1455 ° W), 7. vi. 2013 (1, CBG), BIOUG 13533 - G 06, SSROB 2985 - 14; Kitchener, Huron Heights Secondary School (43.3924 ° N, 80.4663 ° W), 22. iv. – 3. v. 2013, Chris Roth (1, CBG), BIOUG 05652 - F 10, SMTPB 14415 - 13; Bruce Co., Inverhuron Provincial Park (front dunes) (44 ° 17 ' 33 '' N, 81 ° 35 ' 28 '' W), 15. vi. 2003, M. Buck (1, DEBU), DEBU 01127408; Huron Co., Goderich, 22. vi. 1977, K. Barber (1, DEBU), DEBU 01089105; Wellington Co., Fergus, 5. iv. 1997, S. A. Marshall (1, DEBU), DEBU 01068482; Middlesex Co., Ailsa Craig, 22 – 22. vi. 1983, E. Zaborski, flight intercept trap in turnip field (1, DEBU), DEBU 01089107; Northumberland Co., Presqu’ ile Provincial Park, Stonehedge Cottage, 16. vi. 2003, P. D. Careless (1, DEBU), DEBU 01089106; Wellington Co., Guelph, 10. vii. 1978, K. N. Barber, reared from Populus tremuloides cotton balls (9, DEBU), DEBU 01089088 - DEBU 01089096; Kenora District, 14 mi. S of Pickle Lake, 20. vi. 1973, Henry and Anne Howden (1, CMNC); Wellington Co., Erin, 17. vi. 1979, Jessica Ernst (1, CMNC); Quebec: Nord-du-Québec, James Bay, Long Point (53.9752 ° N, 79.0685 ° W), 7. vii. 2018, Pierre de Tonnacour, beaten from Salix brachycarpa var. brachycarpa (6, CMNC; 2, CNCI); Kazubazua, 25. v. 1933, W. J. Brown (7, CNCI); Saskatchewan: Elbow, 23. vi. 1954, Brooks – Kelton (7, CNCI); Saskatoon, 3. vi. 1949, J. R. Vockeroth (3, CNCI); Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park (50 ° 39 ' N, 107 ° 56 ' W), 25. v. 1955, J. R. Vockeroth (8, CNCI); Hatton, 11. vi. 1929, K. M. King and R. Glen (5, CNCI); Township 6, Region 28, 23. vi. 1990, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI), CNC COLEO DNA 00157037 (BOLD sample ID); Township 8, Region 29, 23. vi. 1990, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI), CNC COLEO DNA 00157036 (BOLD sample ID); Yukon: Fort Yukon, 2. vii. 1924, H. C. Fall Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727194, MCZ-ENT 00727195; Dawson, 16. vi. 1916 – 26. vi. 1924, H. C. Fall Collection (4, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727190 – MCZ-ENT 00727193; Tatchun Creek, 25. vi. 1979, B. F. and J. L. Carr (2, CNCI), CNC COLEO DNA 00157039 (BOLD sample ID); Mayo, 5. vii. 1955, B. F. and J. L. Carr (5, CNCI); Willow Creek, at kilometre 621 along Klondike Highway, 5. vi. 1980, R. J. Cannings (2, CMNC); McQuesten (10 km E), 1. vi. 1980, R. J. Cannings (1, CMNC); Ross River, 9 km S on Campbell Highway (61 ° 54 ' N, 132 ° 25 ' W), 12. vi. 1981, C. Guppy (2, CMNC); Ross River (132 ° 30 ' N, 61 ° 56 ' W), 20 – 22. vi. 1960, J. E. H. Martin and E. W. Rockburne (5, CNCI); Stewart Crossing (18 km W), 2. vi. 1980, R. J. Cannings (2, CMNC); Hwy 2, 22 mi. N of Hwy 1, 25. vi. 1979, B. F. and J. L. Carr (2, CNCI), CNC COLEO DNA 00157040 (BOLD sample ID); Kirkman Creek, 13. vi. 1928, A. C. Davis (36, CNCI); Swim Lakes (133 ° 00 ' N, 62 ° 13 ' W), 15. vi. 1960, J. E. H. Martin (1, CNCI); UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Alabama: Monroe Co., Haines Island Park (31 ° 43 ' 23 '' N, 87 ° 28 ' 10 '' W), 26 – 31. v. 1995, T. L. Schiefer, mercury vapour and blacklight trap (3, MEM); Macon Co., 4 mi. E Shorter along I- 85, 16. iv. 1984, D. A. Rider (1, LSAM); LSAM 0144883, LSAM 0144885; Mobile, 2. iv. 1911, H. P. Loding, on willow (4, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726996 – MCZ-ENT 00726999; Alaska: Fort Yukon, 2. vii. 1924, H. C. Fall Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727195, MCZ-ENT 00727195; Eagle, 18. vi. 1928 (10, CNCI); Washington Creek, 21. vi. 1977, J. Cowling (1, UAM), UAM 100008612; Selawik National Wildlife Refuge (66.85873 ° N, 158.16618 ° W), 24. vi. 2010, D. S. Sikes, open sand dunes sweep (11, UAM), UAM 100283227, UAM 100283242, UAM 100283250, UAM 100283254, UAM 100283256, UAM 100283481 (LEW _ 78; OP 215787 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218946 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number )), UAM 100283503, UAM 100283520 (LEW _ 79; OP 215788 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218947 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number )), UAM 100283521, UAM 100283568, UAM 100283596; Nogahabara Dunes (Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge) (65.65846 ° N, 157.49608 ° W), 13. vi. 2010, J. A. Slowik, willow sweep (1, UAM), UAM 100327118, LEW _ 77, OP 215786 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 765915 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number); Arizona: Apache Lake, 10. v. 1932, H. C. Fall Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727174; Santa Cruz Co., 4. iv. 1937, R. A. Flock (2, UAIC), UAIC 1072923; Coconino Co., Oak Creek, Chavez King south of Sedona, 14. vi. 1978, M. W. Sanderson (1, UAIC), UAIC 1072941; Graham Co., Aravaipa Canyon, 24. viii. 1976, D. S. Chandler, sift oak litter (1, UAIC), UAIC 1072925; Pima Co., Tucson, “ Apr, 191 ” (2, UAIC; 4, MCZC), UAIC 1072924, UAIC 1072939, MCZ-ENT 00727170 – MCZ-ENT 00727173; Yavapai, Co., Oak Creek, Baldwin’ s King, 9. vi. 1978, M. W. Sanderson (1, UAIC), UAIC 1072940; Yavapai Co., Dead Horse Ranch State Park, Verde River near bridge (34.7502 ° N, 112.0217 ° W), 5. vi. 2011 (1, CBG), BIOUG 02273 - E 11, BBCCA 2871 - 12; Maricopa Co., 4 mi. E of Buckeye along Gila River, 1. v. 2018, Kyle E. Schnepp, beaten from willow (Salix sp.) (3, CMNC); Maricopa Co., Pheonix, 3. iv. 1942, P. C. Grassman (3, UAIC), UAIC 1072926; Maricopa Co., Pheonix, 9. iii. 1941, T. Parker (7, UAIC), UAIC 1072928 - UAIC 1072934; Javapaj Co., Cottonwood, 24 – 25. vi. 1978, C. V. Nidek (3, CMNC); “ Ariz ” (2, DEBU), DEBU 01089100, DEBU 01089102; Arkansas: Knobel, viii., Liebeck Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727002, MCZ-ENT 00727003; Washington Co., 2 mi. SW of West Fork, 12. v. 1991, C. Carleton (1, LSAM), LSAM 0210499; Washington Co., Devil’ s Den State Park, 1 – 2. vii. 1984, E. G. and M. A. Riley (1, LSAM), LSAM 0143750; Toad Suck Park, campground transition between park and forest (35.0724 ° N, 92.5449 ° W), 2. vii. 2011 (1, CBG), BIOUG 02327 - D 08, BBCCA 4766 - 12; Colorado: Boulder, 22. v. 1907, S. A. Rohwer (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727143; La Veta Pass (13 mi. W), 12. vi. 1982, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Chaffee Co., O’ Hayer Lake, 22. vi. 1983, I. S. Askevold (1, UAIC); Las Animas, 15 – 16. vi. 1982, B. F. and J. L. Carr (5, CNCI); Pueblo Co., Colorado City, 9. vi. 1982, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Pueblo Co., 18. vi. 1957, G. H. Nelson, beating Salix (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727097; “ Col. ”, Liebeck Collection and W. G. Dietz Collection (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727012, MCZ-ENT 00727042, MCZ-ENT 00727043; Garland, F. C. Bowditch Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727030; Florida: DeSoto Co., Fort Ogden, 8. iv. 1952, J. R. Vockeroth (4, CNCI); Seminole Co., Sanford, 19. iv. 1927, A. C. Davis (1, CNCI); Liberty Co., Apalachicola River, Hwy 20 near Bristol (30 ° 26.2 ' N, 85 ° 00.0 ' W), 17. iv. 2010, S. M. Clark (2, UAIC); Leon Co., Tall Timbers Res. Station, Sheep Island, 17. iv. 1978, G. J. Wibmer (1, UAIC); Leon Co., Tallahassee, 3. iv. 1976, G. B. Marshall, on fruiting Salix (2, CMNC; 60, UAIC); Alachua Co., Archer (2 mi. W), 23. iii. 1953, Henry F. Howden (1, CMNC); Alachua Co., Gainesville NATL, 23. iii. 2016, Kyle E. Schnepp, beaten from Salix (5, CMNC), LEW _ 74, OP 215785 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218945 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number); Glades Co., Palmdale, 31. iii. 2018, Kyle E. Schnepp, swept from vegetation (1, CMNC); Miami – Dade Co., Paradise Key, 6. iv. 1951, Henry and Anne Howden (1, CMNC); Volusia Co., South Daytona, 17. iv. 1959, “ S. F. B. ” (1, CMNC); Miami – Dade Co., Chekika Street (recreation area), 50 km SW of Miami, 1. xi. 1984 – 3. xii. 1985, Stewart and Jarmila Peck, “ Grossman HammockFor. Malaise-FIT ” (1, CMNC); Georgia: Savannah, 27. v. 1926, H. C. Fall Collection (5, MCZC), MCZ 00727165 – MCZ 00727169; “ Geo. ”, F. C. Bowditch Collection (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727035 – MCZ-ENT 00727037; Idaho: Cassia Co., Burley, 2. vi. 1986, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Nez Perce Co., Lewiston, 22. v. 1986, B. F. and J. L. Carr (2, CNCI); Cincinnati, 17. vi. 1906, C. A. Frost Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727078; Illinois: Union Co., Dongola (Hogam Bottoms), 19. vi – 4. ix. 1968, D. Dillow, maple / cypress / beech buttress (6, LSAM) LSAM 0210492 – LSAM 0210497; Coles Co., Charleston, 12. v. 1951, D. M. Tuttle Collection (39, UAIC), UAIC 1072875, UAIC 1072878 - UAIC 1072898, UAIC 1072905 - UAIC 1072914, UAIC 1072916 - UAIC 1072921, UAIC 1072935; “ Ill. ”, Frederick Blanchard Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727062; Indiana: Jackson Co., Muscatatuck N. W. R., 26. iv. 2013, Gareth S. Powell (1, CMNC); Jackson Co., Muscatatuck N. W. R., 10. v. – 7. vi. 2013, Kyle E. Schnepp, Lindgren funnel trap (1, CMNC); Iowa: Clinton Co., DeWitt, 21. v. 1928, G. S. Walley (1, CNCI); Ames, 1. vi. 1931, G. Hopping (2, CAS); Kansas: Riley Co., 20. iv. 1958 – 9. v. 1960, J. R. McCoy Collection (7, MEM); Logan Co., State Lake, 7. vi. 1964, C. W. O’ Brien (5, UAIC; 6, CAS); Douglas Co., F. H. Snow (4, CNCI); Douglas Co., Lawrence, iv. 1930 – 23. iv. 1962, L. W. Brown and W. J. Brown (13, CNCI); Reno Co., Medora, 2. v. 1962, W. J. Brown (2, CNCI); Stockton, 7. vii. 1939, J. W. Green (1, CAS); W. Knaus (1, CAS); “ Kan. ”, F. C. Bowditch Collection, W. G. Dietz Collection, Frederick Allen Eddy (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727029, MCZ-ENT 00727038 – MCZ-ENT 00727041, MCZ-ENT 00727106 – MCZ-ENT 00727113; Louisiana: Harahan, 26. vii. 1944, F. G. Werner (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727120; Tallulah, 22. vi. 1933, C. A. Frost Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727074; East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge, Mississippi River Levee, 21. iii. 2003, M. G. Radtke, sweepnet (1, LSAM); East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana State University campus (30 ° 24.5 ' N, 91 ° 10.5 ' W), 22 – 23. v. 2010, J. S. Park (1, LSAM), LSAM 0201337, MDM 2010; East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge, 12. v. 1986, E. G. Riley (1, LSAM); East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge, 26. iv. 1986, E. G. Riley, flight trap (1, LSAM), LSAM 0143498; East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Roufe GSRI, 1. iv. 1991, V. L. Moseley, mating on willow fruit (9, LSAM), LSAM 0145660 - LSAM 0145664, LSAM 0145673, LSAM 0145675, LSAM 0145679, LSAM 0145681; East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge, 8. v. 1988 – 17. v. 1989, D. A. Rider, mercury vapour and blacklight (6, LSAM), LSAM 0143031, LSAM 0143038, LSAM 0146124, LSAM 0146127, LSAM 0146137, LSAM 0146167; East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge, 28. v. – 3. vi. 1986, C. B. Barr and E. G. Riley, yellow sticky board trap in cypress tree (3, LSAM), LSAM 0142726 - LSAM 0142728; East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana State University Campus, 16. v. 1984 – 15. vii. 1985, D. A. Rider (17, LSAM), LSAM 0143151, LSAM 0143173, LSAM 0143175, LSAM 0143177, LSAM 0143197, LSAM 0143200, LSAM 0143203, LSAM 0143315, LSAM 0143319, LSAM 0143357, LSAM 0143358, LSAM 0143816, LSAM 0144843, LSAM 014497, LSAM 0145201, LSAM 0145277, LSAM 0145281; Jefferson Parish, Harahan, iv. 1944, F. G. Werner (1, UAIC), UAIC 1072871; Jefferson Parish, Jean Lafitte National Park, 8. v. 1983, C. B. Barr (1, LSAM), LSAM 0145397; East Baton Rouge Parish, “ E of LA 3025, 1.2 mi. S. Central ”, 27. iv. – 12. v. 1985, C. B. Barr, mercury vapour and black light (3, LSAM), LSAM 0144680, LSAM 0145456, LSAM 0145457; St. Tammany Parish, I- 10 at Pearl River, 17. vi. 1982, C. B. Barr and E. G. Riley, black light (1, LSAM), LSAM 0145329; Tangipahoa Parish, Tangipahoa River between Arcola and Tickfaw, 12. iv. 1986, C. B. Barr (1, LSAM), LSAM 0144655; Orleans Parish, New Orleans, 3. vii. 1969, light trap (1, MEM); Orleans Parish, New Orleans, LA Nature Center, 25. iv. 1984, C. B. Barr, black light trap (2, LSAM), LSAM 0144780, LSAM 0144782; Vermillion Parish, Pecan Island, 11. iii. 1982, C. B. Barr (1, LSAM), LSAM 0145323; Vermillion Parish, White Lake Research Station (29 ° 55.141 ' N, 92 ° 30.830 ' W), 20. iii. 2009, M. Gimmel, UV light (1, LSAM), LEW _ 109, OP 215789 (GenBank CO 1 accession number), OP 218953 (GenBank ITS 2 accession number); West Feliciana Parish, Feliciana Preserve (30 ° 47 ' N, 91 ° 15 ' W), 14. iv. 2003, A. Tishechkin, beating low vegetation (1, LSAM); Corney Lake, 25 – 28. vi. 1983, B. F. and J. L. Carr (6, CNCI); Maryland: Easton, 22. vi. 1918, J. G. Sanders (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727199, MCZ-ENT 00727200; Massachusetts: Lowell, H. C. Fall Collection and Frederick Blanchard Collection (8, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727137, MCZ-ENT 00727138, MCZ-ENT 00727057 – MCZ-ENT 00727061; Milton, 17. v. 1903, P. G. Bolster Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727052; Michigan: Lansing, Liebeck Collection (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727016, MCZ-ENT 00727017; Mississippi: Attala Co., 1 mile east McCool (33 ° 12 ' 46 '' N, 89 ° 23 ' 21 '' W), 23. v. 2005, J. A. MacGown and J. G. Hill, Berlese – soil and litter in mixed forest (1, MEM); Claiborne Co., Natchez Trace Parkway, Grindstone Ford (32 ° 00 ' 10 '' N, 90 ° 53 ' 41 '' W), 7. iii. 2005, J. G. Hill, Berlese litter (1, MEM); Harrison Co., Gulfport C. T. Nature Ar. (30 ° 22 ' 55 '' N, 89 ° 03 ' 23 '' W), 9. v. 2000, T. L. Schiefer, blacklight trap (1, MEM); Oktibbeha Co., 3 mi. W of Adaton (33 ° 29 ' 00 '' N, 88 ° 58 ' 13 '' W), 26. iii. 2000, T. L. Schiefer, on flowering Prunus serotine (1, MEM); Oktibbeha Co., near Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (33 ° 18 ' 03 '' N, 88 ° 46 ' 08 '' W), 3. iv. 1998, T. L. Schiefer, on flowering Salix nigra (2, MEM); Oktibbeha Co., 8.5 mi. S Starkville (33 ° 19 ' 58 '' N, 88 ° 49 ' 05 '' W), 20. iv. 1995, T. L. Schiefer, beating recently cut oaks (1, MEM); Oktibbeha Co., Starkville, MSU north of North Farm, 21. iv. 1994, D. M. Pollock, sweeping (1, MEM); Oktibbeha Co., Starkville, 13. iii. 1985, W. P. Chan (1, MEM); Oktibbeha Co., Noxubee Refugee, 5. ii. 1982, G. L. Snodgrass, Berlese – litter hardwood forest (1, MEM); Oktibbeha Co., Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (33 ° 24 ' 11 '' N, 88 ° 53 ' 33 '' W), 6. x. 2008, J. MacGown and J. G. Hill, litter mixed pine hardwood forest (1, CMNC); Oktibbeha Co., 4 mi. E of Mississippi State University (33 ° 23 ' 04 '' N, 88 ° 46 ' 02 '' W), 23. ii. 2014, J. L. Gesell (1, MEM); Issaquena Co., Shipland W. M. A. (32 ° 45 ' 15 '' N, 91 ° 07 ' 44 '' W), 3. viii. 2005, J. A. MacGown and J. G. Hill, in leaf litter in floodplain hardwood forest (4, MEM); Jackson Co., Ocean Springs, 13. v. 1984, Paul K. Lago (1, CMNC); Lafayette Co., Oxford, 4. vi. 1982 – 30. vi. 1983, Paul K. Lago (2, CMNC); Oktibbeha Co., Sessums (33 ° 23 ' 31 '' N, 88 ° 42 ' 40 '' W), 22. iv. – 28. iv. 1998, J. A. MacGown, Malaise trap (47, MEM); Sharkey Co., Sunflower WMA (32 ° 50 ' 55 '' N, 90 ° 48 ' 24 '' W), 21. vii. 2003, R. L. Brown, Berlese trap – bottomland hardwood litter (2, MEM); Noxubee Co., Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (33 ° 16 ' 44 '' N, 88 ° 46 ' 39 '' W), 8. vi. 1998, T. L. Schiefer (8, MEM); Noxubee Co., Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (33 ° 15 ' 04 '' N, 88 ° 44 ' 51 '' W), 31. vii. 2008, J. A. MacGown, litter in pine – hardwood forest (2, MEM); Lee Co., Tombigbee State Park, 7. vi. 1995, T. L. Schiefer, beating trees and shrubs (1, MEM); Smith Co., 1 mile North of Raleigh, 14 – 15. vi. 1985, R. Brown and G. Burrows (1, MEM); Tate Co., Senatobia Wetlands (34 ° 37 ' 05 '' N, 89 ° 56 ' 50 '' W), 31. v. 2018, R. J. Whitehouse, sweeping grasses and plants along water edge and field (1, MEM); Winston Co., Tombigbee National Forest (33 ° 11 ' 50 '' N, 89 ° 03 ' 20 '' W), 5. iv. 1999, T. L. Schiefer, blacklight trap in mixed mesic forest (1, MEM); Missouri: St. Louis, M. Schuster (1, DEBU), DEBU 01089103; Kansas City, Liebeck Collection (4, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00726989 – MCZ-ENT 00726991, MCZ-ENT 00727000; St. Louis, Liebeck Collection (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727004 – MCZ-ENT 00727006; “ Mo. ”, F. C. Bowditch Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727027; Montana: Deer Lodge Co., Anaconda, 4. vii. 1962, J. B. Karren, on Salix (1, UAIC); Fergus Co., Little Box Elder Creek (by Hwy 19), 13. viii. 1990, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Kalispell, F. C. Bowditch (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727033, MCZ-ENT 00727034; Nebraska: Thomas Co., Halsey, 29 – 31. vii. 1973, Henry and Anne Howden (1, CMNC); W. Knaus, A. Fenyes Collection (3, CAS); “ Nebr. ”, H. C. Fall Collection (4, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727139 – MCZ-ENT 00727142; Nevada: Elko Co., North Fork, Humboldt River at Elburz, 22. vi. 1995, R. W. Baumann (1, UAIC); McCook, R. Hopping Collection (3, CAS); New Jersey: Phillipsburg, 8. viii. 1909 – 12. vi. 1931, J. W. Green (17, CAS); Camden, Liebeck Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727013; Newark, F. C. Bowditch Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727028; New Mexico: Jemez Mountains, v. 1913, Jno. Woodgate (13, CAS); “ N. M. ”, W. G. Dietz (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727045, MCZ-ENT 00727046; New York: Staten Island, 6. vi. 1986, Van Dyke Collection (53, CAS); North Carolina: Southern Pines, 8. vi. 1911, A. H. Manee (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727104; Oklahoma: Pushmataha Co., Clayton, 21. vi. 1983, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Cimarron Co., Lake Etling, 10. vi. 1983, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Cleveland Co., Norman (Oliver Woods), 30. vi. 1969, W. Suter, nest in stump (1, LSAM), LSAM 0142642; Marshall Co., 2 mi. SE of Willis, 5. iv. 1968 – 24. vi. 1969, willow swamp cedar, W. Suter (12, LSAM; 2, UAIC), LSAM 0141740, LSAM 0142383, LSAM 0142623, LSAM 0142629, LSAM 0210485 - LSAM 0210491; Marshall Co., 2 mi. E Willis, Buncombe Creek Campground, 24. vi. 1969, W. Suter, oak forest floor (1, UAIC); Marshall Co., University of Oklahoma Biological Station on Lake Texoma (Willis), 17. iv. 1968, W. Suter (2, LSAM), LSAM 0141724, LSAM 0141725; Oregon: Grant Co., John Day, U. S. Hwy 30, 23. v. 1959, Joe Schuh, on willow (1, CMNC); Columbia Co., 5 mi. N – 2 mi. E of Burlington, app. 30, 7. x. 1972, oak tree hollow debris and soil, E. M. Benedict (12, CMNC); Minam, 13. vi. 1984, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI); Dayton, Dorsey Gravel Bar, 8 – 22. vii. 1962, K. M. Fender (5, CAS); Eugene, 29. v. 1933, O. H. Swezey (2, CAS); Corvallis Co., 11. vi. 1925, E. P. Van Duzee (1, CAS); Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, 20. vi. 1920 – 27. v. 1921, H. C. Fall Collection (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727201 – MCZ-ENT 00727203; Westmoreland Co., Jeannette, H. G. Klages (1, CNCI); New Cumberland, 30. iv. 1910, H. C. Fall Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727198; Allegheny, F. C. Bowditch Collection (4, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727023 – MCZ-ENT 00727026; South Carolina: Clemson College, 20. vi. 1936, O. L. Cartwright (1, CUAC); Georgetown Co., Georgetown, 4. iv. 1957, Chamberlain (1, CUAC); Tennessee: Hamilton Co., 10 mi. S of Chattanooga, 8. iv. 1981, P. Ramey, sweeping (1, MEM); Texas: Gonzalez Co., Palmetto State Park, 2. x. 1973, A. Newton (3, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727117 – MCZ-ENT 00727119; Bandera Co., Bear Creek, 7 mi. NE of Bandera, 4. v. 1999, S. M. Clark (4, UAIC); Berleson Co., 5. ii. 1958 (1, UAIC); Briscoe Co., Quitaque Creek, 6. v. 1970, on Salix (4, UAIC); Burnett Co., Inks Lake State Park, 21. v. 1989, E. G. Riley (1, UAIC); Cameron Co., Brownsville, iv. 1978, W. L. Johnson, in Boll Weevil Mitchell trap on cottonfield margin (1, MEM); Cameron Co., Brownsville, Palmetto Grove, 5 – 9. v. 1978, A. E. and D. S. Lewis (1, UAIC); Crosby Co., White River, 3 mi. E of Crosbyton, 3. v. 1970, C. W. O’ Brien (1, UAIC); Dickens Co., White River Lake, 16. iv. – 8. vi. 1989, R. Morris (4, CMNC); Culberson Co., Guadalupe National Park, Choza Springs, 22. vii. 1982, G. A. P. Gibson (1, CMNC); Grayson Co., Juniper Pt., L. Texoma (12 mi. N of Whitesboro), 6. iv. 1969, W. Suter, litter around log (2, UAIC); Gonzales Co., Palmetto St. Park, 30. v. 1977, E. G. Riley, blacklight (2, UAIC); Gray Co., Lake McClellan, 4. vii. 1970, G. B. Marshall (2, UAIC); Eastland Co., 1 mile south of Eastland, 4. iv. 1985, G. B. Marshall (1, UAIC); Harris Co., Hwy 59 at San Jacinto, 4. vi. 1968 (1, UAIC); Jim Wells Co., Lake Corpus Christi, 7. vi. 1954, Henry F. Howden (1, CMNC); Floyd Co., Lake Marvin, 14 mi. E Canadian, 23. iv. 1970, L. B. and C. W. O’ Brien (7, UAIC); Brazos Co., Peach Creek at Hwy 6, 8 mi. S of College Station, 13. iv. 1987, R. S. Anderson (57, CMNC); Cameron Co., Southpoint Nursery (1 mile south of Southmost Ranch), 5 – 6. vii. 1982, G. A. P. Gibson (2, CMNC); Jeff Davis Co., 3.4 km E of Fort Davis, 10 – 11. ix. 1988, R. S. Anderson, Berlese funnel trap with mixed hardwood litter (6, CMNC); Jeff Davis Co., 5 mi. N of Fort Davis, 14. vii. 1956, Henry and Anne Howden (1, CMNC); Red River Co., 2 mi. NW of Talco, 8. vi. 1965, C. W. O’ Brien, on Salix nigra var. vallicola (6, UAIC); Val Verde Co., Langtry, 4. xi. 1982, J. Huber and A. Gonzalez, sweep along river edge (2, CMNC); Kerr Co., Kerrville, 4. iv. – 22. iv. 1959, Becker and Howden, beating Salix (92, CNCI); Brewster Co., Lajitas, 19. v. 1959, Howden and Becker (1, CNCI); El Paso, Fenyes (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727144; Bandera Co., Vanderpool, 18. iv. 1987, B. F. and J. L. Carr (5, CNCI); Utah: Provo, Utah Lake, 4. vii. 1964, L. B. and C. W. O’ Brien (2, UAIC); Sevier Co., Sevier River, 24. vi. 1966, W. Gagne (1, UAIC); Wayne Co., Torrey (2 mi. E), 2. viii. 1968, Anne T. Howden (2, CMNC); Washington Co., 7 mi. W Sta. Clara, 8. iv. 1963, L. B. and C. W. O’ Brien, on Salix laevigata Bebb (5, UAIC); Washington Co., 7 mi. E Gunlock, 8. iv. 1963, C. W. O’ Brien, on Salix laevigata Bebb (1, UAIC); Washington Co., Virgin – 3400 ’, 7. iv. 1963, C. W. O’ Brien, swept from Salix (3, UAIC); Washington Co., St. George, 8. iv. 1963, C. W. O’ Brien, on Salix exigua (1, UAIC); Washington Co., Virgin, 10. iv. 1963, L. B. and C. W. O’ Brien, at night on fruiting Populus fremontii (1, UAIC); “ Ut. ”, Liebeck Collection (1, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727014; Fort Douglas, Wickham (2, MCZC), MCZ-ENT 00727032, MCZ-ENT 00727033; Virginia: Accomack Co., Deep Creek, Dismal Swamp, 5. v. 1951, G. H. Nelson (1, CMNC); Fairfax Co., Quirsfeld (4, CAS); Washington: Snohomish Co., Sulton, 11. v. 1933, R. A. Flock (2, UAIC), UAIC 1072872, UAIC 1072873; West Virginia: Cabell Co., Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area, 25. iv. 1996, L. Torres-Miller (1, CMNC); Wyoming: Park Co., junction between Hwy 120 and Hwy 296, 27. vi. 1982, B. F. and J. L. Carr (1, CNCI).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4FFF82A7F9FA14297FF929.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Length (2.0 – 2.9 mm). Scales on pronotum usually not uniform in colour, with discoloured central and lateral bands. Metaventrite and metepisternum with scales relatively sparse not obscuring underlying cuticle. Distinct swelling at the tip of last ventrite of males (no longitudinal carina at the middle of ventrite; often reduced or absent in smaller specimens). Apex of aedeagus rounded and coming to a distinct point, with two prominent tufts of setae. Internal sac with protruding basal structures. Widespread across North America (absent from California and southern Oregon).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4FFF82A7F9FA14297FF929.taxon	distribution	Distribution in North America. This is the most widespread species of Ellescus in North America, with records across Canada and the United States of America (except for California and the southern tip of Oregon). Records from southern Texas and southern Arizona suggest that the species may also be present in Mexico.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4FFF82A7F9FA14297FF929.taxon	description	Variation. This species is extremely variable in size and colour across its range (see Fig. 9), and most instances of misidentification of Ellescus in North America previously were cases of confusion with this species. Natural history. This species has been collected on a wide variety of Salix and Populus species, including Populus tremuloides, Populus fremontii, Salix brachycarpa var. brachycarpa Nuttall, Salix nigra var. vallicola, Salix exigua, and Salix laevigata Bebb. Blatchley and Leng (1916) note the rearing of E. ephippiatus from the willow galls of Rhabdophaga strobiloides (Osten Sacken, 1862). LeConte (1876) also report the rearing of E. ephippiatus from the galls of Rabdophaga rigidae (Osten Sacken, 1862) on Salix interior Rowlee (= S. longifolia). Hight (1988) reported collecting the larvae of E. ephippiatus from the terminal bud of Lythrum salicaria L.; however, this identification is questionable given the lack of other such reports and the strong association of the family with members of Salicaceae. A large series from northern Oregon, United States of America, were taken from oak tree hollows, debris, and soil. This species is known to be attracted to lights (Ciegler 2010).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
0393879AEA4FFF82A7F9FA14297FF929.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Despite being described from specimens collected in Indiana, United States of America, label data for a syntype of E. ephippiatus deposited in the Carl Schönherr collection (NHRS) read as follows: “ epphippiatus [sic] / Say. / Connecticut. / Say ” (Prena 2018). The locality (Connecticut) appears to have been erroneously introduced by Say during preparation of a list of specimens shipped to Schönherr, or by Schönherr who may have misinterpreted Say’ s list. A handwritten copy of the list of specimens sent by Say is preserved in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP) and suggests that the Connecticut collection locality for Phyxelis rigidus (Say, 1831) may have been erroneously mistaken for the collection locality for the E. ephippiatus, which follows subsequently in the same list.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Anderson, Robert S. (2023): A review of EllESCUS (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America: new species and synonyms revealed through integrative taxonomy. The Canadian Entomologist (e 15) 155 (2023): 1-27, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2023.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2023.2
