identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039387D2FF87B07A21EAFD2C2A1777D2.text	039387D2FF87B07A21EAFD2C2A1777D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drosophila (Sophophora) parabicornuta Katoh & Watada 2025	<div><p>Drosophila (Sophophora) parabicornuta Katoh &amp; Watada, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2A, 3A, 4)</p><p>Diagnosis: Median gonocoxite strongly protruded, apically truncated, with a pair of fine spines (Fig. 2A).Abdominal tergites VI and VII of female entirely yellowish brown (Fig. 3A).</p><p>Description (♂, ♀). Head: Eye red, with interfacetal setulae. Frons pale brown. Fronto-orbital plate pale brown. Frontal triangle brown. Facial carina brown, high, narrow. Clypeus grayish brown. Gena pale brown. Palpus grayish brown, with terminal prominent seta. Prementum and postgena pale brown. Occiput brown, marginally darker. Antennal pedicel brown; first flagellomere grayish yellow; arista with 4–5 dorsal and 2–3 ventral branches and moderate terminal bifurcation.</p><p>Thorax: Scutum and scutellum yellowish brown. Acrostichal setulae in 6 irregular rows. Postpronotal lobe yellowish brown, with 2 setae. Anepisternum and anepimeron brown. Katepisternum yellowish brown.</p><p>Wing hyaline. Veins brown. C 1 setae 2. R 2+3 straight; R 4+5 and M 1 nearly parallel. Halter pale brown.</p><p>Legs yellowish brown. Preapical dorsal setae present on tibiae of all legs, weak on fore- and hind-legs; apical ventral setae on fore- and mid-tibiae. Male fore-leg with 2 longitudinal sex combs on tarsomeres I and II; sex comb teeth 23 (range: 21–23) on tarsomere I, 16 (15–17) on tarsomere II. Fore-leg tarsomere I twice length of tarsomere II, and tarsomere II half of rest together; tarsomere Is of mid- and hind-legs as long as rest together.</p><p>Abdomen: Tergites yellowish brown, each with medially not interrupted caudal dark brown band, sometimes narrow in female. Sternites pale brown.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 2A, 4A–D): Epandrium yellow, with 3–4 setae on dorsal to lateral part; ventral lobe with 9–13 setae. Surstylus brown, conical, fused to epandrium, with 6 short peg-like teeth in row near caudal margin, and cluster of 5–7 short and 1 long, dorsally curved setae on ventral margin. Cercus brown, separated from epandrium, not pubescent; upper portion somewhat triangular, with 11–13 setae on lateral surface, with 1 large, black, stout spine on margin to ventral robe; ventral robe conical, bearing 3 large, black, stout, ventrally curved spines on posterior margin and 4–6 setae on anterior margin. Subepandrial sclerite dark brown, X-shaped. Hypandrium brown, longer than wide, pubescent near caudal margin of gonocoxites; median gonocoxite strongly protruded, apically truncated, with a pair of spine. Pregonite brown, hemispherical, with 2–3 sensilla. Postgonal sheaths as long as aedeagus, distally less sclerotized and finely serrated on margin, not fused to each other. Postgonite apically fused to postgonal sheath. Aedeagus long, nearly straight, apically somewhat pointed, subapically broadened in ventral view, finely but densely hirsute from ventrosubapical portion to apical margins surrounding gonopore, basally fused to phallapodeme; phallapodeme as long as aedeagus, basally broadened and rounded in lateral view. Ejaculatory apodeme with somewhat square plate protruded at each corner; stem of apodeme nearly straight.</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 4E): Hypogynium dark orange brown, subapically broadened, apically rounded, with 13– 16 marginal peg-like teeth and 1 trichoid sensillum subapically. Spermathecal capsule atrophied, less sclerotized.</p><p>Measurements: BL (straight distance from anterior edge of pedicel to tip of abdomen) = 2.12 mm in holotype (paratypes: 1.96–2.24 in 10 ♂, 2.24–2.56 in 10 ♀); ThL (distance from anterior notal margin to apex of scutellum) = 0.93 mm (0.86–1.00 in ♂, 0.94–1.04 in ♀); WL (distance from humeral cross vein to wing apex) = 1.71 mm (1.58–1.74 in ♂, 1.80–1.93 in ♀); WW (maximum wing width) = 0.86 mm (0.80–0.88 in ♂, 0.86–0.96 in ♀).</p><p>Indices: frontal width/head width (FW/HW) = 0.43 (0.37–0.44), maximum width of gena/maximum diameter of eye (ch/o) = 0.08 (0.07–0.11), proclinate orbital/posterior reclinate orbital in length (prorb) = 0.93 (0.80–0.97), anterior reclinate orbital/posterior reclinate orbital in length (rcorb) = 0.40 (0.36–0.57), subvibrissa/vibrissa in length (vb) = 0.83 (0.73–0.86), anterior dorsocentral/posterior dorsocentral in length (dcl) = 0.63 (0.57–0.69), basal scutellar/apical scutellar in length (sctl) = 0.86 (0.81–0.93), anterior katepisternal/posterior katepisternal in length (sterno) = 0.63 (0.53–0.73), mid katepisternal/posterior katepisternal in length (sterno2) = 0.26 (0.23–0.32), distance between proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals/distance between inner vertical and posterior reclinate orbital (orbito) = 0.63 (0.53–0.70), length distance between ipsilateral dorsocentrals/cross distance between anterior dorsocentrals (dcp) = 0.48 (0.42–0.54), distance between ipsilateral scutellars/cross distance between apical scutellars (sctlp) = 1.15 (1.00–1.36), a/b (where a = 2nd costal section between subcostal break and R 2+3; b = 3rd costal section between R 2+3 and R 4+5) (C) = 1.96 (1.77–2.23), b/d (where d = M 1 between r-m and dm-m) (4c) = 1.59 (1.40–1.73), c/d (where c = M 1 between dm-m and wing margin) (4v) = 2.71 (2.38–2.93), e/f (where e = M 4 between dm-m and wing margin; f = dm-m between M 1 and M 4) (5x) = 2.25 (1.88–2.83), b/h (where h = distance between distal ends of R 4+5 and M 1) (ac) = 3.00 (2.50–3.38), e/d (M) = 1.06 (0.88–1.17), g/b (where g = length of heavy setation on 3rd costal section) (C3F) = 0.59 (0.54–0.63).</p><p>Holotype: ♂, from iso-female line (14028-0511.00) originated from a wild-caught female collected in Ken-Ting, Taiwan, 6.i.1968 (NTUM).</p><p>Paratypes: 9 ♂ and 10 ♀, same data as holotype (NTUM, SEHU) .</p><p>Etymology: Morphological resemblance to D. bicornuta .</p><p>Distribution: Taiwan.</p><p>Relationships: This species clearly belongs to the montium species group in light of their morphological characteristics such as the sex-combs of longitudinal rows along entire length of tarsomeres I and II of male fore-leg and male genital structures, and according to Yassin’s (2018) classification, is assigned to the birchii species complex of the serrata species subgroup. This species is very closely related to D. bicornuta, but can be distinguished from it by having the shorter and weaker apical spines on the median gonocoxite process (Fig. 2A, B), entirely yellowish abdominal tergites VI and VII in female (black in D. bicornuta; Fig. 3A, B). Combinations of some quantitative characters can be used to discriminate this species from D. bicornuta (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387D2FF87B07A21EAFD2C2A1777D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Katoh, Takehiro K.;Ting, Chau-Ti;Tsaur, Shun-Chern;Watada, Masayoshi	Katoh, Takehiro K., Ting, Chau-Ti, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Watada, Masayoshi (2025): Discovery and descriptions of three cryptic species of the genus Drosophila Fallén (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from laboratory-maintained strains. Zootaxa 5661 (4): 573-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
039387D2FF8BB07521EAFF412D4E7381.text	039387D2FF8BB07521EAFF412D4E7381.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drosophila (Sophophora) xitouensis Katoh & Ting & Tsaur & Watada 2025	<div><p>Drosophila (Sophophora) xitouensis Katoh &amp; Watada, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2C, E, 5)</p><p>Diagnosis: Median gonocoxite process large, broad, apically only shallowly concaved (Fig. 2C). Aedeagus pubescent, subapically hairy, without lateral acute projections (Fig. 2E).</p><p>Description (♂, ♀). Head: Eye red, with interfacetal setulae. Frons brown. Fronto-orbital plate pale brown. Frontal triangle reddish brown. Facial carina brown, high, narrow. Clypeus grayish brown. Gena pale brown. Palpus grayish brown, with a terminal prominent seta. Prementum and postgena brown. Occiput brown, marginally darker. Antennal pedicel brown; first flagellomere grayish brown; arista with 4–5 dorsal and 2–3 ventral branches and moderate terminal bifurcation.</p><p>Thorax: Scutum and scutellum dark brown, somewhat paler along dorsocentral lines. Acrostichal setulae in 6 rows. Postpronotal lobe pale brown, with 2 setae. Anepisternum and anepimeron dark brown, paler above. Katepisternum brown.</p><p>Wing hyaline. Veins brown. C 1 setae 2. R 2+3 straight; R 4+5 and M 1 nearly parallel. Halter pale brown.</p><p>Legs yellowish brown; femora pale yellow. Preapical dorsal setae present on tibiae of all legs, weak on fore- and hind-legs; apical ventral setae on fore- and mid-tibiae. Male fore-leg with 2 longitudinal sex combs on tarsomeres I and II; sex comb teeth 24 (20–26) on tarsomere I, 20 (17–24) on tarsomere II. Fore-leg tarsomere I twice length of tarsomere II; tarsomere II half of rest together; tarsomere Is of mid- and hind-legs as long as rest together.</p><p>Abdomen: Tergites yellowish brown, each with caudal dark brown band. Sternites pale brown.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 2C, E, 5A–C): Epandrium black, paler below, with 5–7 setae on dorsal to lateral part; ventral portion with 5–9 setae. Surstylus dark brown, triangular, fused to epandrium, with 8–10 short peg-like teeth in a row on nearly caudal margin, and a cluster of 3–4 short and 1 long, stout setae on inner margin. Cercus black, separated from epandrium, not pubescent, triangular, with 13–16 setae on lateral surface and 3 large, black, stout spines on margin to ventral lobe; ventral lobe, quadrate, bearing 2 large and 1 small, black, stout, ventrally curved spines on posterior margin, 1 strong spine on inner margin, and 4–5 setae on lower margin. Subepandrial sclerite dark brown, pointed at dorso-lateral apices. Hypandrium brown, longer than wide, pubescent on caudal portion of gonocoxites; median gonocoxite process subapically with a pair of spines. Pregonite brown, hemispherical, each with 2 or 3 sensilla. Postgonal sheaths pale brown, elongate, curved outward, apically finely serrated. Aedeagus long, apically rounded, basally fused to phallapodeme; phallapodeme as long as aedeagus. Ejaculatory apodeme with rounded square plate notched at 2 points of apical side; stem of apodeme slender, somewhat sinuate.</p><p>Female terminalia: Hypogynium (Fig. 5D) dark orange brown, subapically broadened, apically quadrate, with 13–15 peg-like teeth on posterior to ventral margin and 1 trichoid sensillum subapically. Spermathecal capsule atrophied, less sclerotized.</p><p>Measurements: BL = 2.62 mm in holotype (paratypes: 2.24–2.56 in 10 ♂, 2.46–3.03 in 10 ♀); ThL = 1.01 mm (0.96–1.11 in ♂, 1.10–1.23 in ♀); WL = 1.99 mm (1.90–2.09 in ♂, 2.21–2.41 in ♀); WW = 0.94 mm (0.90–1.02 in ♂, 1.00– 1. 14 in ♀).</p><p>Indices: FW/HW = 0.44 (0.41–0.46), ch/o = 0.09 (0.06–0.11), prorb = 1.00 (0.74–1.17), rcorb = 0.36 (0.23– 0.40), vb = 0.83 (0.62–0.88), dcl = 0.69 (0.61–0.78), sctl = 0.91 (0.84–1.10), sterno = 0.54 (0.50–0.67), sterno2 = 0.28 (0.31–0.53), orbito = 0.70 (0.58–0.80), dcp = 0.46 (0.39–0.53), sctlp = 1.43 (1.09–1.50), C = 3.04 (2.58–3.32), 4c = 1.01 (0.96–1.26), 4v = 2.25 (2.24–2.63), 5x = 2.43 (2.07–3.00), ac = 2.09 (2.08–2.50), M = 0.77 (0.71–0.95), C3F = 0.35 (0.28–0.44).</p><p>Holotype: ♂, from iso-female line (XT-32) originated from a wild-caught female collected in Xitou, Taiwan, 19.vi.2012, by M. Watada (NTUM).</p><p>Paratypes: 9 ♂ and 10 ♀, same data as holotype (SEHU, NTUM) .</p><p>Etymology: Pertaining to the geographical origin of the type strain.</p><p>Distribution: Taiwan.</p><p>Relationships: This species clearly belongs to the montium species group in light of their morphological characteristics such as the sex-combs of longitudinal rows along entire length of tarsomeres I and II of male fore-leg and male genital structures, and according to Yassin’s (2018) classification, is assigned to the montium species group. This species resembles D. trapezifrons in having the pubescent aedeagus and the large median gonocoxite, but can be distinguished from it by the absence of black acute lateral projections on the aedeagus (Fig. 2C–F). Combinations of some quantitative characters can be used to discriminate this species from D. trapezifrons (Table 3). In addition, D. neotrapezifrons Ragnath, Krishnamurthy &amp; Hegde, 1983 which resembles D. trapezifrons could also be a closely related species of D. xitouensis, however, can easily be distinguished from D. xitouensis by having eight irregular rows of acrostichal setulae and naked aedeagus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387D2FF8BB07521EAFF412D4E7381	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Katoh, Takehiro K.;Ting, Chau-Ti;Tsaur, Shun-Chern;Watada, Masayoshi	Katoh, Takehiro K., Ting, Chau-Ti, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Watada, Masayoshi (2025): Discovery and descriptions of three cryptic species of the genus Drosophila Fallén (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from laboratory-maintained strains. Zootaxa 5661 (4): 573-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
039387D2FF89B07721EAFF412FD170E7.text	039387D2FF89B07721EAFF412FD170E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drosophila (Sophophora) neolutea Katoh & Ting & Tsaur & Watada 2025	<div><p>Drosophila (Sophophora) neolutea Katoh &amp; Watada, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2G, 3C, 6)</p><p>Diagnosis: Abdominal tergites IV to VI black, laterally yellow in male (Fig. 3C). Male fore-leg sex-combs 2–3 and 3–4 rows of black teeth on tarsomeres I and II, respectively (Table 5). Postgonite as long as postgonal sheath, flat, finely serrated only on distal margin (Fig. 6D). Aedeagus apically rounded and notched (Fig. 2G).</p><p>Description (♂, ♀). Head: Eye red, with interfacetal setulae. Frons yellowish brown, somewhat pollinose. Fronto-orbital plate yellowish brown. Frontal triangle brown. Facial carina brown, high, narrow, laterally grayish. Clypeus brown. Gena pale brown. Palpus pale yellow, with a terminal prominent seta. Prementum and postgena pale brown. Occiput brown, marginally darker. Antennal pedicel grayish brown; first flagellomere yellowish white; arista with 4–5 dorsal and 3–4 ventral branches and moderate terminal bifurcation.</p><p>Thorax: Scutum and scutellum yellowish brown. Acrostichal setulae in 8 rows. Postpronotal lobe pale brown, with 2 setae. Anepisternum and anepimeron yellowish brown. Katepisternum pale brown.</p><p>Wing hyaline, somewhat fuscous in male. Veins brown. C 1 setae 2. R 2+3 straight; R 4+5 and M 1 nearly parallel. Halter pale brown.</p><p>Legs yellowish brown. Preapical dorsal setae present on tibiae of all legs, weak on fore- and hind-legs; apical ventral setae on fore- and mid-tibiae, weak on fore-leg. Male fore-leg with transverse sex-combs on 2 proximal tarsal segments: 2–3 rows of 0–2, 3–5 and 4–5 black teeth on tarsomere I; 3–4 rows of 0–2, 1–2, 1–2 and 2–3 teeth on tarsomere II (Table 5). Fore-leg tarsomere I twice length of tarsomere II; tarsomere II half of rest together.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 3C): Tergites yellowish brown with caudal dark brown band. Sternites pale brown.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 2G, 6A–D): Epandrium yellow, dorsally black, with 10–15 setae on dorsal to lateral part; ventral lobe elongated and apically rounded, with 3 long, stout and 17–20 moderate to small setae. Surstylus brown, with 12–l5 primary teeth in slightly convex row and 6–9 setae on ventrolateral margin, 3–5 small secondary teeth on dorsolateral margin, and 7–10 medial setae. Cercus grayish yellow, separated from epandrium, with 34–46 long setae, and dense, smaller setae on ventral portion. Subepandrial sclerite dark brown, T-shaped with lateral pieces dorso-apically projected. Hypandrium brown, somewhat longer than wide; postgonites pubescent, medially with a pair of long hypandrial setae. Pregonite large, apically pointed, black, with 3–4 lateral sensilla. Postgonite brown, long, basally fused to postgonal sheath; postgonal sheaths not fused to each other.Aedeagus basally broader; phallapodeme longer than aedeagus. Ejaculatory apodeme with rounded plate bearing 2 protrusions at apical sides; stem slender, somewhat sinuate.</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 6E, F): Hypogynium pale brown, broad, apically rounded, with 4–5 lateral and 13–14 marginal teeth and 1 trichoid sensillum subapically. Spermathecal capsule broader than long, bell-shaped, strongly sclerotized.</p><p>Measurements: BL = 2.94 mm in holotype (paratypes: 2.78–2.97 in 10 ♂, 2.88–3.48 in 10 ♀); ThL = 1.19 mm (1.13–1.26 in ♂, 1.19–1.31 in ♀); WL = 2.09 mm (1.99–2.21 in ♂, 2.18–2.37 in ♀); WW = 1.04 mm (1.00– 1.08 in ♂, 1.09–1.20 in ♀).</p><p>Indices: FW/HW = 0.47 (0.39–0.47), ch/o = 0.10 (0.10–0.13), prorb = 0.88 (0.81–1.00), rcorb = 0.35 (0.26– 0.47), vb = 0.69 (0.59–0.81), dcl = 0.60 (0.52–0.74), sctl = 0.97 (0.77–1.06), sterno = 0.77 (0.65–0.81), sterno2 = 0.44 (0.35–0.47), orbito = 0.58 (0.43–0.64), dcp = 0.45 (0.38–0.50), sctlp = 1.07 (1.07–1.38), C = 2.80 (2.63–3.29), 4c = 0.96 (0.78–1.00), 4v = 1.92 (1.72–1.96), 5x = 1.60 (1.33–2.00), ac = 2.27 (1.91–2.60), M = 0.62 (0.50–0.66), C3F = 0.44 (0.38–0.52).</p><p>Holotype: ♂, from isofemale line (KO4) originated from a wild-caught female collected in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, iii.2008, by H. Takamori (BORN).</p><p>Paratypes: 9 ♂, 10 ♀, same data as holotype (BORN, SEHU) .</p><p>Etymology: Morphological resemblance to D. paralutea .</p><p>Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah).</p><p>Relationships: This species belongs to the takahashii species subgroup of the melanogaster species group, because of having the sex-combs of transverse rows and characteristics of genitalia. This species resembles D. paralutea in having the apically notched aedeagus and the long, broad postgonite, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters: the numbers of rows and teeth of the sex combs (Table 5) and the serrations of postgonite (in D. paralutea: serrations larger and on not only margin but also surfaces of distal portion). Although the strain (KO4) described here as D. neolutea sp. nov. was first identified as D. trilutea, these two species are clearly distinguished by the diagnosis (Table 5; see “ Fig. 2D ” in Mo et al., 2022 for the postgonite morphology of D. trilutea). Combinations of some quantitative characters can be used to discriminate this species from D. trilutea and D. paralutea (Table 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387D2FF89B07721EAFF412FD170E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Katoh, Takehiro K.;Ting, Chau-Ti;Tsaur, Shun-Chern;Watada, Masayoshi	Katoh, Takehiro K., Ting, Chau-Ti, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Watada, Masayoshi (2025): Discovery and descriptions of three cryptic species of the genus Drosophila Fallén (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from laboratory-maintained strains. Zootaxa 5661 (4): 573-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
