identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039387EFFFA8C17E338BF964FA70FAEF.text	039387EFFFA8C17E338BF964FA70FAEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis Ivanovich 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis M. Choisy ex Ivanovich, gen. nov.</p><p>= Lecanoropsis M. Choisy nom. inval. (See Notes below in p. 14)</p><p>Type: Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbruckner (1928: 536)</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847126</p><p>Thallus mainly endosubstratal, rarely episubstratal and amorphous, effuse, more rarely developed into a smooth to warty, esorediate thallus ( Lecanoropsis coracina, rarely L. quercicola). Prothallus not apparent. Apothecia lecanorine, a few species (e.g. L. anopta, L. albellula) with apparently biatorine apothecia. Amphithecium lecanorine, typically with a distinct cortex and an algal layer, algal layer normally between the external amphithecial cortex and the subhymenial layers. Sometimes amphithecium appears either laterally (e.g. L. albellula, L. subravida) or completely ecorticate (e.g. L. crassithallina), amphithecium commonly extending upwards enclosing the hymenium laterally (e.g. in L. subintricata, L. subravida), rarely, amphithecium excluded or situated at the base of convex apothecia (e.g. in L. anopta, L. anoptizodes). Often KOH-soluble granules present within both the cortex and algal layer (e.g. L. albellula, L. subintricata); KOH-insoluble crystals (such as oxalate crystals, common to the Lecanora subfusca -group) absent. Amphithecial cortex hyaline or external parts pigmented (e.g. L. micans, L. subcinctula), either uniform in width to gradually or greatly widened basally, weakly (e.g. L. albellula, Fig. 8, B), moderately (e.g. L. coracina, Fig. 3, B) or heavily gelatinized (e.g. L. subintricata, Fig. 11, B). Epihymenium yellowish or reddish brown to faint brown, or olive green to blackish, or hyaline, often containing Cinereorufa -green, Superba -brown or some unknown brown, red and yellow pigments. Often with an epipsamma composed of KOH-soluble, golden-brown granules that can obfuscate the epihymenium coloration. Hymenium usually hyaline, sometimes with pigmented streaks coming from the epihymenium, KOH-soluble golden-brown granules from the epihymenium sometimes streaking into hymenium. Golden brown sclerotized spores (“guttulae” sensu Hedlund, 1892) regularly present in L. anopta, L. anoptizodes and L. pseudosarcopidoides, as well as in part of the material of L. omissa, exceptionally also in individual specimens of other species (e.g. L. saligna). Subhymenial layers hyaline, rarely faint brown ( L. albellula), sometimes with KOHsoluble golden granules from the hymenium. Asci clavate, Lecanora - type, 8-spores per ascus. Spores ellipsoid, hyaline, simple.</p><p>Macroconidia (when present) curved, U-shaped, crescent-shaped or reniform, simple to 3-septate. Microconidia bacilliform, sometimes bent or curved. Mesoconidia ellipsoid to bacilliform. Leptoconidia long, filiform and curved.</p><p>Chemistry: C–, K–, P–, rarely K± yellow (observed only in some specimens of L. subravida and reported by van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008) for L. subintricata). Isousnic, usnic, pseudoplacodiolic and/or neousnic acids, more rarely atranorin, squamatic acid and zeorin (Fig. 3). 7-O-methylnorascomatic acid and brialmontin 1 were reported for the group previously (van den Boom &amp; Brand 2008). The xanthone arthothelin is newly reported here for the group ( L. micans).</p><p>Substrate: Corticolous and/or lignicolous ( Lecanora sarcopidoides var. hypnophaga Poelt (1957: 388) growing on moss).</p><p>Ecology: In biomes ranging from the Mediterranean basin, to mixed temperate, submontane to subalpine coniferous forests, ranging into subarctic forests. Usually occurring above 1000 m elevation, with some species preferring lower elevations down to sea level.</p><p>Distribution: Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.</p><p>Notes: Lecanoropsis was described by Choisy (1949) in “Catalogue des lichens de la région Lyonnaise”, but his description was invalid because he only provided a diagnosis in French (Art. 39.1). The name was ignored for decades until it was mentioned by Hafellner (1984) and, more recently, taken up by Kondratyuk et al. (2019). Hafellner (1984) correctly stated that the genus was not validly described. Although he lectotypified it on Lecanoropsis saligna (Schrader) M. Choisy, he expressed doubt about its generic status, by writing: “The pycnidia of Lecanoropsis saligna must be reevaluated. If the pycnospores are significantly different from Lecanora s. str. in shape and size, the genus perhaps ought to be accepted” (translated from German). From that statement, it can be implied that Hafellner did not accept the generic status of Lecanoropsis at the time of his publication. Later, Kondratyuk et al. (2019) ignoring their own phylogenetic evidence and the fact that Lecanoropsis was invalid, combined Lecanora anopta Nylander (1873: 292) and Rhizoplaca macleanii (C.W. Dodge) Castello (2010: 430) into the genus. They also failed to mention any phenotypic characters that could be interpreted as a validating description of Lecanoropsis . Therefore, because no formal effort has yet been made to validate Lecanoropsis, and in light of our own phylogenetic reconstruction, the name is validated here. Furthermore, according to Art. 35.1 of the code (Turland et al., 2018), all past combinations of Lecanoropsis are invalid, because the generic name was invalid at the time of their publication. These names are also validated here.</p><p>In his description, Choisy (1949) pointed out that Lecanoropsis “differs from the current genus Lecanora subgenus Eulecanora by the ovoid-oblong, straight or sometimes slightly curved pycnoconidia” (translated from French) and included the following four species: L. “sarcopisoides ” (A. Massal.) M. Choisy = Lecanora sarcopidoides (A. Massal.) Hedl., L. subintricata (Th. Fr.) M. Choisy = Lecanora subintricata (Nyl.) Th. Fr., L. saligna (Schrad.) M. Choisy = Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr. and L. sarcopis (Wahlenb.) M. Choisy, currently considered a synonym of Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr. Printzen (2001) saw no morphological reasons to segregate the saligna -group into a new genus. However, in his treatment of Lecanora from the Sonoran Desert Region, he did not pay adequate attention to the characteristic macroconidia, a unique phenotypic trait of Lecanoropsis . Our formal resurrection of Lecanoropsis is supported by molecular evidence in addition to these phenotypic traits. The monophyletic nature of the majority of the members of the saligna -group (Figure 17, see also Ivanovich et al, 2021; Pérez-Ortega et al 2010; Zhao et al 2015) is an argument for a formal segregation of this “core” clade. Instead of selecting a new name we choose to resurrect the name Lecanoropsis for the genus, as it is the first published name for the members of the Lecanora saligna -group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFA8C17E338BF964FA70FAEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFFADC160338BFA44FE6BFC06.text	039387EFFFADC160338BFA44FE6BFC06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis austrocascadensis Hollinger & Ivanovich 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis austrocascadensis Hollinger &amp; Ivanovich, sp. nov. Fig. 4.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 848532</p><p>Type:— U. S. A. California: Siskiyou Co., Mt. Shasta, just SE of jct. of Widow Springs Drive and Forest Service Road, 1650 m alt., 41.362° N 122.0855º W, 17 September 2016, J. Hollinger 15355 (FR-0183030!— holotype). Lecanomics Code: 985.</p><p>Diagnosis: Thallus poorly developed or endosubstratal; apothecia rounded, apothecial disc red-brown, epruinose, apothecial margin uneven and discontinuous in old apothecia, whitish yellow to almost concolorous with disc; producing pseudoplacodiolic acid.</p><p>Thallus endosubstratal, sometimes episubstratal, then thin and poorly developed, forming scattered small warts, whitish-grey. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid algae. Apothecia rounded, scattered, single to aggregated in small to large groups, appressed to sessile, (0.4–)0.43–0.47(–0.55) mm diameter. Apothecial disc flat to convex, red-brown to dark brown, glossy, epruinose. Apothecial margin when young, thick, smooth, even to irregular to crenulate, typically on level with the disc, sometimes weakly raised. Unevenly receding in old apothecia, (0.03–) 0.05 (–0.07) mm wide. Whitish-yellow but darkening to almost concolorous with disc. Amphithecium with golden-brown granules accumulating in the basal cortex and in the algal layer. Amphithecial cortex thin laterally, thicker at the base, gelatinized to heavily gelatinized at the base; (9–)12–17(–22) µm wide laterally, (25–)36–38(–56) µm wide basally, sometimes epihymenium pigmentation extending into the amphithecial cortex almost to the base. Parathecium thin, weakly protruding, in young apothecia conspicuous and observable as a ring of lighter coloration around the disc, becoming inapparent in older apothecia. Epihymenium hyaline to golden-brown to brown, containing Superba -brown. Hymenium hyaline, (35–)40–45(–55) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, (55–)60–85(–100) µm. Paraphyses usually simple, sometimes branching, rarely anastomosing, ca. 1.5–2 µm wide, apices not to weakly capitate, ca. 2–3.5 µm wide, gel sheaths at apices ca. 3–5 µm, some pigmented brown. Spores narrowly ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (8.5–)9.5– 11(–12) × (2.6–)3.5–3.7(–4.3) µm. Conidia: Microconidia bacilliform, 4–6 × 1–1.5 µm; leptoconidia filamentous and curved, 18–20 × 1–1.5 µm, rare; macro- and mesoconidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Pseudoplacodiolic acid (major).</p><p>Substrate: Lignicolous, on decorticated branches of Abies concolor and Pseudotsuga menziesii .</p><p>Ecology: In dry conifer or mixed oak-conifer forests between 900 to 1650 m alt.</p><p>Distribution: Southern Cascade Mountains in Northern California, U.S.A.</p><p>Notes: Lecanoropsis austrocascadensis may be difficult to determine and was only detected as a separate species after examination of the DNA sequences. Lecanoropsis austrocascadensis apothecia have an appearance similar to epruinose ones of L. subravida . However, L. subravida produces usnic acid as major and sometimes also pseudoplacodiolic acid, whereas pseudoplacodiolic acid is the only secondary metabolite so far detected for L. austrocascadensis . In addition, L. austrocascadensis has smaller apothecia [(0.4–)0.43–0.47(–0.55) mm] and narrower spores [(2.6–)3.5–3.7(–4.3) µm] than L. subravida .</p><p>Apothecia of L. austrocascadensis may be similar in colour to epruinose ones of L. saligna, but L. saligna produces isousnic and rarely usnic, but not pseudoplacodiolic acid, on average has wider spores [(3.0–) 4.0–6.0(–7.5) µm] and longer microconidia (7.5–10 × 1 vs. 4–6 × 1–1.5 µm in L. austrocascadensis)</p><p>Lecanoropsis sarcopidoides and L. austrocascadensis are the only species of Lecanoropsis with pseudoplacodiolic acid as major secondary metabolite. However, the apothecia of L. sarcopidoides have usually a conspicuously coarse bluish-white pruina and its spores are slightly smaller [(6.0–)7.2–9.5(–10.0) × (2.5–)3.2–3.6(–4.5) µm)] than those of L. austrocascadensis .</p><p>Lecanora austrocascadensis may also resemble old L. subintricata, but apothecia of L. subintricata produce paler discs with more greyish tones, and have a characteristic smooth yellow margin when young. Both also differ in chemistry, as L. subintricata produces usnic acid. Another Lecanoropsis species that can resemble L. austrocascadensis is L. omissa, yet L. omissa has in general smaller (0.2–0.4(–0.7) mm), paler apothecia with fine white pruina and a smoother and even margin. In addition, the amphithecial cortex is more gelatinized laterally (not as extreme, however, as in L. subintricata or L. sarcopidoides) and hyaline, and it produces usnic instead of pseudoplacodiolic acid.</p><p>Etymology: Latin for “from the southern Cascades” in reference to its occurrence in the Cascade Range.</p><p>Additional specimen studied: U.S.A. California; Shasta Co., Lake Britton, just S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.632&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.632/lat 41.015)">Hwy.</a> 89 at top of slope W of bridge over lake, 900 m alt., 41º00’54” N 121º37’55.2” W, 16 September 2019, J. Hollinger 15452 (FR-0183029). Lecanomics Code: 986 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFADC160338BFA44FE6BFC06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFFB3C162338BFC6EFB87FD3D.text	039387EFFFB3C162338BFC6EFB87FD3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis coracina Ivanovich, Otte & Sheehy 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis coracina Ivanovich, Otte &amp; Sheehy, sp. nov. Fig. 5 and 15E.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847147</p><p>Type:— U. S. A. Oregon: Klamath Co., Klamath Marsh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.64054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.984947" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.64054/lat 42.984947)">Windmill Point</a>, 1521 m alt., 42° 59.0969’ N 121° 38.4325’ W, 24 June 2020, S. Sheehy 1666 (FR-0183036!— holotype; ASU, BRY, FH, H, OSC, PRA, UPS — isotypes). Lecanomics Code: 1136 .</p><p>Diagnosis: Thallus well-developed episubstratal whitish-beige; apothecia flexuose, apothecial disc commonly black, apothecial margin whitish; pycnidia large, hemispherical shiny black, semi-immersed in thallus; macroconidia straight to weakly reniform; producing isousnic and neousnic acid.</p><p>Thallus well developed, continuous to rimose to areolate, forming aggregated conical areoles from which large, glossy, black, spherical-ovoid pycnidia arise, whitish beige. European specimen with poorly developed, amorphous, effuse, beige thallus. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded to strongly deformed, flexuose, more rarely polygonal, single to forming tight groups to almost completely covering the substrate, sessile, (0.53–)0.60– 1.04(–1.20) mm. Apothecial disc flat to convex, black, occasionally brown, rarely beige to blackened, weakly glossy (glossy in the European specimen), normally epruinose, rarely with a fine white pruina. Apothecial margin in young apothecia, thick, raised, smooth to subrugose/crenulate, in old apothecia thinner to almost disappearing and level with the disc, (0.03–)0.05–0.1(–0.13) mm wide. Whitish and concolourous with the thallus. Amphithecium usually inspersed with a thin layer of dark-brown granules, algal layer filling up the majority of the amphithecium, almost reaching the surface near the hymenium/parathecium. Amphithecial cortex very thin to ecorticated laterally, widening at the base, gelatinized, laterally (6–)12–20(–31) µm; basally (12–)20–94(–126) µm wide, hyaline. Parathecium variable, from not apparent to protruding, usually pigmented dark-green. Epihymenium dark green, somewhat olivaceous, sometimes almost black, containing Cinereorufa -green. Usually covered by a thin epipsamma of orange-golden to dark brown granules. Hymenium hyaline, usually inspersed with granules from the epihymenium, (31–)36–66(–71) µm high. Subhymenial layers hyaline, sometimes inspersed with epipsamma granules from the epihymenium, (47–)55–126(– 155) µm high. Paraphyses simple to commonly branching in middle to upper portion, rarely anastomosing, 1.5–2.5 µm wide, weakly capitate, apices 2.5–3.5 µm wide, gel sheaths at apices ca. 3–6 µm, some pigmented dark green/brown/ olivaceous. Spores narrowly ellipsoid, simple, very rarely 1-septate, hyaline, (7.7–)8.5–14.2(–15.3) × (2.5–)3–4(–5) µm. Pycnidia conspicuous, ovoid-spherical, immersed to sessile, black, generally shiny, more rarely matte. Conidia: Macroconidia straight to weakly reniform 6–9 × 1.5–3 µm; microconidia bacilliform to weakly curved 7–9 × 1 µm; meso- and leptoconidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Isousnic and neousnic acid (majors).</p><p>Substrate: Lignicolous, on dead wood of Picea or rotting logs of Pinus contorta . Ecology: American specimens were collected on dead wood or rotting logs in contact with soil in marshland surrounded by Pinus forests at an elevation of 1521 m; and growing on wood fences in conifer forests above 2000 m. The European specimen was collected in high-montane Picea forest at 1200 m.</p><p>Distribution: Western U.S. A, including the Cascade Mountains of Northern California and Oregon; The Basin and Range area of the Pacific Northwest of U.S.A.; the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona and the Rocky Mts. region in Colorado. One specimen was found in the Karkonosze National Park, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.</p><p>Notes: Several collectors independently identified this taxon as Lecanora mughicola, since the apothecia of Lecanoropsis coracina are similar in coloration. However, L. coracina has much more convex and flexuose apothecia, whereas the apothecia of L. mughicola tend to be flat, commonly polygonal, its margins tend to be persistent in old apothecia, and it has a poorly developed thallus. Lecanoropsis crassithallina has a thallus similar in thickness to L. coracina, however, L. crassithalina differs by producing paler, smaller apothecia of max. 0.6 mm (van den Boom, 2007), whereas those of L. coracina are commonly dark brown to black and larger than 0.6 mm. Lecanoropsis crassithallina also differs by oblong-straight macroconidia, and a larger variety of secondary metabolites such as isousnic acid, 7-O-methylnorascomatic acid (minor), atranorin (trace), usnic acid (trace), only sharing isousnic acid as major metabolite with L. coracina .</p><p>It is possible that herbarium material from North America determined as Lecanora mughicola actually belongs to Lecanoropsis coracina (see Discussion in p. 51).</p><p>Etymology: coracina, in Latin, means “raven–black” in relation to the colour of the pycnidia and the overall dark to jet-black apothecia.</p><p>Additional specimens studied: POLAND. Lower Silesian Voivodeship: Jelenia Góra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.693053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.76789" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.693053/lat 50.76789)">Karkonosze Mts.</a>, 1200 m, 50°46.0734’ N 15°41.5832’ E, 09 July 2016, V. Otte 49146 (GLM), Lecanomics code: 1106 ; U.S.A. Arizona: Coconino Co., Near East Lake on the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.066666/lat 36.566666)">Kaibab Plateau</a> north of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.066666/lat 36.566666)">Grand Canyon</a>, ca. 17 km S of Jacob Lake, 2620 m, 36°34’ N 112°04’ W, 19 July 1983, T. H. Nash III 21111 (ASU) ; California: Los Angeles Co., Angeles National Forest: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.88333/lat 34.366665)">Survey</a> 8, behind (below) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.88333/lat 34.366665)">Eagles Rost Sand Shed Hwy</a> 2, 1975 m, 34º22’ N 117º53’ W, 11 October 1989, B. Ryan 26 (ASU) ; Colorado: Larimer Co., Rocky Mt. National Park, Cow Creek Valley north of Lumpy Ridge and the Needles, from Park border up to Bridal Veil Falls, Locality 3, A. B. L. S. Foray, 2440–2680 m, 40º25’30” –26’ N 105 º31–33’ W, 03 August 1984, B. Ryan 12188 (ASU) ; Oregon: Klamath Co., near Windmill Point, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.636986&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.983852" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.636986/lat 42.983852)">Klamath Marsh</a>, 1521 m, 42° 59.0312’ N 121°38.2190’ W, 09 September 2020, S. Sheehy (FR), Lecanomics code: 1135 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFB3C162338BFC6EFB87FD3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFFB1C164338BFC86FC7FFE5D.text	039387EFFFB1C164338BFC86FC7FFE5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis iapyx Ivanovich & Hollinger 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis iapyx Ivanovich &amp; Hollinger, sp. nov. Fig. 6 and 15B.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847148</p><p>Type:— U. S. A. Montana: Musselshell Co., 1083 m alt., 46° 33.1151’ N 108° 35.8609’ W, 13 September 2016, B. McCune 37125 (FR-0183034!— holotype). Lecanomics Code: 267.</p><p>Diagnosis: Thallus mainly endosubstratal; apothecial disc ochre to dark brown, flat to weakly convex; apothecial margin whitish, thick and becoming unevenly excluded, but persistent in old apothecia; macroconidia reniform; producing isousnic acid.</p><p>Thallus mostly endosubstratal, poorly developed,and when present, concentrated around apothecia, smooth to verrucose, beige to dark brown. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded to sometimes deformed, very abundant, sometimes almost completely covering the substrate, rarely appressed, normally sessile, (0.45–)0.50–0.67(– 0.70) mm. Apothecial disc flat to weakly convex, rarely weakly concave, ochre to reddish or dark brown, rarely weakly glossy, generally epruinose, uncommonly with a white fine to coarse pruina. Apothecial margin when young, thick, smooth to subrugose, raised. On older discs sometimes unevenly receding and forming hemispherical warts, thin but persistent, subrugose, (0.02–)0.04–0.08(–0.12) mm in diam. Whitish-greyish to slightly darkening into beige. Amphithecium mostly filled with algae, and sparsely inspersed with golden-brown granules. Amphithecial cortex underdeveloped, sometimes ecorticated, moderately gelatinized (8–)11–20(–28) µm wide laterally, (8–)13–20(–28) µm wide basally, hyaline. Parathecium not distinguishable. Epihymenium typically golden-brown, possibly containing Leptocline -brown (see Notes below); usually with a thick epipsamma of golden-brown granules that dissolve in KOH; rarely hyaline. Hymenium hyaline, heavily inspersed with golden granules, (35–)40–50 (–55) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, (65–)95–135(–155) µm. Paraphyses rarely branching and anastomosing, segments short and stout in appearance, ca. 1.5–1.7 µm wide, apices not to weakly capitate, 1.7–2.0 µm wide, apical gel sheaths, ca. 3.5 µm wide. Spores ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (6.0–)9.0–11.0(–13.5) × (3.0–)3.5–4.0(–4.5) µm. Conidia: Macroconidia reniform, 7–8.5 × 1.5–3 µm; other types of conidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Isousnic acid (major).</p><p>Substrate: Lignicolous, on conifer wood and on wooden planks/fence posts.</p><p>Ecology: Commonly in oak and pine conifer woodland in semi-open areas, but also collected in heavily grazed open pastures, between 800 and 2500 m alt.</p><p>Distribution: Western U.S.A. (Arizona, California, Oregon, Montana, Nevada).</p><p>Notes: This species was treated as Lecanora sp. B by Ivanovich et al. (2021). Lecanoropsis iapyx is very similar to the European Lecanoropsis saligna . However, L. iapyx can be distinguished from L. saligna by reniform macroconidia with obtuse tips, whereas those in L. saligna are crescent-shaped with acute tips, and by epihymenial pigment reaction and chemistry. Both species produce a brown epihymenial pigment, but the K-reaction after N in L. saligna is brown, whereas in L. iapyx, the pigment colour changes to yellow-orange. Following Meyer and Printzen (2000), the epihymenial pigment in L. iapyx keys out as Leptocline -brown. However, Leptocline -brown is described as being dark red-brown in water and intensely red-brown in HCl. The pigment in L. iapyx is neither red-brown in water, nor is it intensely red-brown in HCl as stated in the cited key. Instead, it becomes rather orange-brown in HCl, and dissolves into a yellow solution in KOH (see Table 4). Both L. iapyx and L. saligna produce isousnic acid as major compound; however, neousnic acid is occasionally present in L. saligna, but has not been detected in the L. iapyx specimens studied by us.</p><p>Etymology: Iapyx is the name of a Greek god of north-west/west-north-west wind. The name refers to the position of its distributional area in Western North America.</p><p>Additional specimens studied: U.S.A. Arizona: Greenlee Co., Apache National Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.35/lat 33.266666)">Juan Miller Canyon</a> campground, along the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.35/lat 33.266666)">Blue river</a>., ca. 1740 m, 33º16’ N 109º21’ W, 06 June 1998, T. H. Nash III 41796 (ASU) ; California: Los Angeles Co., Transverse Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.71811&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.172974" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.71811/lat 34.172974)">San Bernardino Mts.</a>, 2439 m alt., 34°10.3784’N 116°43.0867’W, 01 November 2013, K. Knudsen 16266 &amp; J. Kocourková (NY-2100403), Lecanomics code: 285 ; 34°10.3784’N 116° 43.0867’W, 01 November 2013, K. Knudsen 16266 &amp; J. Kocourková (NY-2100404), Lecanomics code: 286; 34° 10.3784’N 116°43.0867’W, 01 November 2013, K. Knudsen 16266 &amp; J. Kocourková (NY-2100405), Lecanomics code: 287; San Gabriel Mts., Big rock <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.83989&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.421333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.83989/lat 34.421333)">Creek</a>, 1233 m alt., 34°25.2800’N 117°50.3933’W, 05 February 2012, K. Knudsen 14606 &amp; E. Tripp (NY-1237153), Lecanomics code: 284 ; Santa Clara Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.7413&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.3952" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.7413/lat 37.3952)">Blue Oak Ranch reserve</a>, 770 m alt., 37°23.7120’ N 121°44.4780’ W, 27 January 2018, J. Hollinger &amp; K. Kellman 18735 (FR-0362730; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics code: 993 ; Nevada: Nye Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.681&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.1258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.681/lat 38.1258)">Quinn Canyon Range</a>, 2512 m alt., 38°7.5480’ N 115°40.8600’ W, 01 August 2019, J. Hollinger 22735 (FR-0362731; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics code: 1000 ; Oregon, Jackson Co., southern slope of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.56657&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.15256" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.56657/lat 42.15256)">Sampson Creek</a> Preserve, east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.56657&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.15256" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.56657/lat 42.15256)">Emigrant Lake</a>, 824 m alt., 42°9.1536’N 122°33.9942’W, 01 April 2017, B. McCune 37360 (FR-0362732; hb. McCune), Lecanomics code: 269 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFB1C164338BFC86FC7FFE5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFFB7C165338BFE28FC12FF0D.text	039387EFFFB7C165338BFE28FC12FF0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis micans Ivanovich, Hollinger & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis micans Ivanovich, Hollinger &amp; Printzen, sp. nov. Fig 7 and 15D.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 848533</p><p>Type:— U. S. A. Oregon: Benton Co., 65 m alt., 44° 35.4479’ N 123° 13.8959’ W, 07 April 2015, B. McCune 35801 (FR-0183033!— holotype). Lecanomics Code: 265.</p><p>Diagnosis: Thallus typically endosubstratal; apothecia flat to weakly convex, apothecial disc ochre to dark brown, very glossy; apothecial margin variable, prominent to almost disappearing in old apothecia; macroconidia reniform; producing arthothelin, zeorin and squamatic acid, but no usnic or isousnic acid.</p><p>Thallus mainly endosubstratal, when developed above substrate, amorphous, effuse, weakly verrucose, grey-brown. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxioid alga. Apothecia mostly rounded to irregularly deformed or polygonal, single to forming scattered small groups, appressed, (0.40–)0.45–0.55(–0.70) mm diameter. Apothecial disc flat to weakly convex, typically brown to blackened dark brown, sometimes orange-brown, strikingly glossy in fresh material, epruinose. Apothecial margin in young apothecia of variable width, smooth, sometimes indented, raised. In older apothecia thinning to becoming completely excluded, (0.03–)0.04–0.08(–0.11) mm.Light grey to brown. Amphithecium with a thick algal layer, crystals sometimes present. Amphithecial cortex thin, moderately gelatinized where the hyphae are located, sometimes ecorticated, (6–)11–15(–25) µm wide laterally, (8–)11–17(–22) µm wide basally, pigmented faint brown as an extension of epihymenial pigmentation, covered by an external gelatinous layer. Parathecium conspicuous, (35–)47–51(–59) µm wide, also pigmented in apical parts. Epihymenium orange, golden to dark brown, possibly containing Leptocline -brown. Fresh material has a thick gel layer on top that disappears with time (see Notes below). Hymenium hyaline to faint brown, (40–)45–50(–55) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, rarely with faint brown patches, (70–)85–125(–160) µm. Paraphyses commonly branching, rarely anastomosing, ca. 1.5–2.0 µm wide, apices weakly capitate, ca. 2.5–3 µm wide, gel sheaths around apices dark brown, 3.5–4.5(–5) µm. Spores ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (10.2–)11.3–11.8(–13.5) × (4.5–)5.1–5.7(–7.0) µm. Conidia: Macroconidia weakly reniform, 9.5–10 × 3.5–4 µm; microconidia bacilliform, 6.5–8.5 × 1.5–2 µm; meso- and leptoconidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Arthothelin, zeorin and squamatic acid. Possibly 7-O-methylnorascomatic acid (see Fig. 3, on first lane, top spot).</p><p>Substrate: Lignicolous, on conifer wood.</p><p>Ecology: So far known only from three lowland localities between 50 and 82 m alt. in or near urban areas.</p><p>Distribution: Northwest coast of U.S.A. (California, Oregon).</p><p>Notes: Lecanoropsis micans ( Lecanora sp. C, sensu Ivanovich et al., 2021) can be easily mistaken as L. iapyx and L. saligna . Lecanoropsis micans, however, produces a variety of secondary metabolites, such as arthothelin, zeorin and squamatic acid. Isousnic acid, which is found as major metabolite on both L. iapyx and L. saligna, has not been detected in L. micans . Moreover, L. micans has a thin and pigmented amphithecial cortex, (when present), whereas in L. iapyx is usually thick, persistent and hyaline.</p><p>Lecanoropsis micans differs from L. saligna in producing reniform macroconidia vs. the crescent-shaped macroconidia of L. saligna . In addition, a thick gel layer on top of the epihymenium and amphithecial cortex can be found in fresh specimens of L. micans, but not in L. saligna . However, this character proved to be ephemeral, as shown in Fig. 7B, where the gel layer has almost disappeared from the epihymenium, but is still present at the exterior of the amphithecial cortex.</p><p>Lecanoropsis crassithalina differs from L. micans by having a thick, well-developed thallus, in contrast to the poorly-developed, effuse and amorphous thallus of L. micans . In addition, L. crassithallina produces narrowly oblongellipsoid macroconidia of 4.5–6.0 × (1.5–)2–2.5 µm, whereas those of L. micans are reniform and larger (9.5–10 × 3.5–4 µm).</p><p>Etymology: micans in latin means “shiny, with a glossy sheen” and refers to the conspicuous gloss of apothecia in fresh material.</p><p>Additional specimens studied: U.S.A. California: San Luis Obispo Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.541" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.087/lat 35.541)">Cambria</a>, Kenneth S. Norris Rancho Marino, 50 m alt., 35°32.46’ N 121°5.22’ W, 10 March 2018, J. Hollinger, K. Kellman &amp; T. Calberg 19836 (FR-0362733; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics code: 997 ; Oregon: Benton Co., 82 m alt., 44°36’ N 123°14’ W, 01 February 2008, B. McCune 29514 (FR-0362734; hb. McCune), Lecanomics code: 266 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFB7C165338BFE28FC12FF0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFFB6C167338BF894FC5BF8E7.text	039387EFFFB6C167338BF894FC5BF8E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis omissa Palice, Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis omissa Palice, Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, sp. nov. Fig. 8.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847151</p><p>Type:— RUSSIA. Republic of Adygea: Maykopsky District, 1830 m alt., 44°4.6665’ N 40°0.8419’ E, 17 June 2016, Z. Palice 21226 (PRA — holotype!, FR-0183020!, FR-0362735!— isotypes). Lecanomics Codes: 245, 253.</p><p>Diagnosis: Thallus usually endosubstratal; apothecia flat to convex, apothecial disc typically pruinose, pale pink to red-brown, apothecial margin thin, smooth and at the same level with disc, usually darker than the disc, becoming excluded in old apothecia; microconidia narrowly cylindrical; producing usnic acid.</p><p>Thallus usually endosubstratal, or seemingly episubstratal composed mainly of non-symbiotic algae (on wood), forming a dull, thin crust without a distinct cortex, yellowish. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxioid alga. Apothecia rounded, dispersed or forming small groups, when mature appressed to sessile, 0.2–0.4 (–0.5) mm diameter. Apothecial disc flat to convex, pale pinkish to orange-brown or reddish brown, matte to weakly glossy, with a fine white pruina most pronounced and striking in fresh material, or seemingly epruinose when older. Apothecial margin in young apothecia thin, smooth, weakly pruinose or epruinose, level with the discs or slightly prominent, becoming excluded in older apothecia. (0.02–)0.03–0.04(–0.05) mm wide. Reddish brown to brown, usually darker than the disc. Amphithecium well developed, algal layer usually discontinuous, confined to the mid-basal area of the apothecial edge in cross-section. Amphithecial cortex distinctly delimited from inner algal layer, more or less uniformly wide, (21–)24–31(–39) µm wide laterally, (15–)18–21(–25) µm wide basally, formed by anticlinally arranged, radiating and anastomosing hyphae, apically unthickened or slightly widened up to 2 µm. Parathecium indistinct. Epihymenium typically hyaline, rarely with streaks of brown and green pigment in the epihymenium and the amphithecial cortex, containing a mixture of Cinereorufa -green and possibly Arnoldiana-brown. With a thin layer of finely granulose, ochraceous epipsamma, sometimes locally streaking into hymenium or amphithecial cortex as irregular aggregates. Hymenium hyaline or with aggregates of epipsammoid granules, in older apothecia sometimes with golden oily guttules, (28–)31–39(– 43) µm high. Subhymenial layers hyaline, (46.5–)55–126(–155) µm. Paraphyses simple to sparsely branched and/or anastomosing, ca. 1–1.5 µm wide in the middle of the epihymenium, apices not or weakly capitate, 1.5–2.5 µm, sometimes up to ca. 4 µm wide, gel sheaths at apices ca. 3–4.5 µm, pigmented brown or not. Spores narrowly ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (6.5–)8.0–10.0(–11.9) × (1.7–)3.1–3.9(–4.3) µm. Pycnidia inconspicuous, immersed in the substrate, with a brownish wall. Conidia: Microconidia narrowly cylindrical, straight or slightly bent, 5–8 × 0.8–1 µm. Other types of conidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Usnic acid.</p><p>Substrate: Lignicolous or corticolous.</p><p>Ecology: In well-lit natural forests; samples collected in two localities: a temperate deciduous forest in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia) with dominating Quercus cerris, visited several years after a fire accident at elevation ca. 600 m; and a montane forest dominated by the Caucasian fir ( Abies nordmanniana) in the Northern Caucasus (Russia) at elevation ca. 1830 m. The bedrock is limestone in both localities.</p><p>Notes: The new species is very similar to Lecanoropsis latens, however, several key characters separate L. omissa ( Lecanora sp. A sensu Ivanovich et al., 2021) from L. latens . Lecanoropsis latens appears to develop a corticated amphithecium typical in Lecanoropsis . On the other hand, Lecanoropsis omissa shows a cortex that appears to radiate downwards to the base, resembling an excipulum (excipulum proprium sensu Henssen &amp; Jahns, 1974). Spore sizes are also slightly different, being rounder, shorter and aseptate in L. omissa . L. latens spores are, however, slightly longer, slender and rarely 1-septate [(6.0–)9.5–9.9(–11.0) × (2.5–)2.8–3.3(–4.0) µm (Printzen 2001)]. Lecanoropsis latens also has been reported to have usnic acid and zeorin, while L. omissa produces only usnic acid. Finally, distribution and ecological preferences are different between these species: L. latens has been collected in lowland areas in California; L. omissa is so far known only from two areas occurring in native forests in central-east Europe (Muránská planina in W Carpathians) and the Caucasus. Interestingly, the Carpathian samples were collected on the thick bark of oaks that had been charred a few years before. Own apothecia, however, grew in spots without visible charring.</p><p>Etymology: From the Latin omissus, meaning neglected. This species can easily be mistaken for poorly developed forms of other taxa of Lecanoropsis .</p><p>Additional specimens studied: SLOVAKIA. Banskobystrický kraj: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.078892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.76595" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.078892/lat 48.76595)">Okres Revúca</a>, 597 m alt., 48°45.9569’ N 20° 4.7335’ E, 07 Oct. 2019, D. Blanár, A. Guttová, J. Halda &amp; Z. Palice 27765 (FR-0362736; PRA), Lecanomics code: 566 ; 48°45.9499’ N 20°4.7417’ E, 07 October 2019, D. Blanár, A. Guttová, J. Halda &amp; Z. Palice 27766 (FR-0362737; PRA), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.07903&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.76583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.07903/lat 48.76583)">Lecanomics</a> code: 567 ; Western Carpathians, Muránska planina <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.078583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.76594" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.078583/lat 48.76594)">National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.078583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.76594" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.078583/lat 48.76594)">Muráň</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.078583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.76594" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.078583/lat 48.76594)">Nature Reserve Šiance</a>, 597 m alt., 48°45.9566’ N 20°4.7150’ E, 07 October 2019, D. Blanár, A. Guttová, J. Halda &amp; Z. Palice 27840 (FR-0362738; PRA), Lecanomics code: 577 ; 48°45.9566’ N 20°4.7150’ E, 07 October 2019, D. Blanár, A. Guttová, J. Halda &amp; Z. Palice 27840 (FR-0362739; PRA), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.078583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.76594" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.078583/lat 48.76594)">Lecanomics</a> code: 584 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFB6C167338BF894FC5BF8E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFFB4C16A338BF8CFFD39FCF0.text	039387EFFFB4C16A338BF8CFFD39FCF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanora prolificans Ivanovich, Hollinger & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanora prolificans Ivanovich, Hollinger &amp; Printzen, sp. nov. Fig. 9.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 848534 Type:— U. S. A. Nevada: White Pine Co., Great Basin National Park, vicinity of Snake Creek Trailhead, along Shoshone Trail, in mixed conifer forest. 2505 m alt., 38°55.44’ N 114°15.096’ W, 17 July 2017, S. Leavitt 17.540 (FR-0183031!— holotype). Lecanomics</p><p>Code: 398.</p><p>Diagnosis Thallus typically episubstratal, amorphous and aggregated under apothecia as smooth uneven warts, pale yellow to greenish-grey. Apothecia very abundant with a tendency to fuse with neighbouring apothecia or to grow on top of each other forming “apothecial areoles”. Apothecial disc pale beige to almost black. Produces isousnic acid, some specimens producing in addition usnic acid.</p><p>Thallus commonly episubstratal, amorphous, aggregated under apothecia, sometimes areolate, areoles when present rounded to polygonal, smooth to warty, warts hemispherical, flat to weakly convex, pale yellow to grey, sometimes with a greenish tinge. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded to deformed, with a tendency to fuse with neighbouring apothecia, and/or grow aberrantly large and uneven, extremely abundant, densely covering substrate, commonly overlapping each other, to the extent that the thallus is not visible, appressed or sessile, (0.3–)0.4– 0.8(–0.9) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc flat to convex, sometimes becoming flexuose on old apothecia, commonly pale beige to beige, sometimes darkening to almost black, commonly matte, rarely weakly glossy, epruinose or rarely with a white fine pruina. Apothecial margin in young apothecia, thin, subrugose, smooth to weakly crenulate, sometimes unevenly receding into hemispherical warts; in old apothecia unevenly receding to almost disappearing, rarely completely excluded, (0.03–)0.05–0.07(–0.1) mm wide. Whitish-grey. Amphithecium algal layer commonly continuous, filling the amphithecium and reaching the upper edge where the hymenium ends and the amphithecial cortex begins, rarely discontinuous and restricted to the mid-basal portion of the amphithecium. Algal layer and cortex usually inspersed with a thin layer of golden-brown granules. Amphithecial cortex variable, thin and even to sometimes widening at the base, moderately gelatinized (6–)9–23(–25) µm wide laterally, (12–)18–54(–62) µm wide basally, hyaline. Parathecium inapparent. Epihymenium typically hyaline, sometimes with streaks of yellow-golden to brown and greenish-black, containing a mixture of Cinereorufa -green and a brown pigment, covered by a thick epipsamma of golden-brown granules, generally with a thick layer of gel on top. Hymenium hyaline, sometimes faintly brown or rarely with streaks of brown pigment unevenly distributed in the hymenium, sometimes inspersed with golden-brown granules, (40–)45–65(–70) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, rarely with yellowish-golden brown crystals within the subhymenium, (60–)70–190(–220) µm. Paraphyses simple, rarely branching or anastomosing, ca. 1.5–2 µm wide, apices not to weakly capitate, ca. 2–3.5 µm wide, gel sheaths at apices ca. 3–3.5 µm wide, some pigmented green. Spores ellipsoid, simple, (8.5–)8.8–12.7(–15.5) × (3.5–)4.6–5.4(–7.0) µm. Conidia: Microconidia bacilliform-bent, 5– 8 × 2.0–2.7 µm; leptoconidia filamentous and curved, 15–20 × 0.7–1.2 µm; macro- and mesoconidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Isousnic acid and occasionally usnic acid.</p><p>Substrate: Bark and wood.</p><p>Ecology: High elevation conifer woodlands, mainly above 2000 m alt.</p><p>Distribution: Southwestern U.S.A. (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah); Southwestern Canada, the Alps, Finnish Lapland (Kilpisjärvi, 490 m alt.), the Russian Caucasus (Krasnodarskij Kraj, at 640 m alt) and single specimens known from Hyrcanian forests, north of Iran (Alborz Mountains).</p><p>Notes: Similar to Lecanoropsis albellula, but Lecanora prolificans ( Lecanora sp. D sensu Ivanovich et al., 2021) doesn’t appear to produce macroconidia, whereas Lecanoropsis albellula commonly produces reniform 0–3 septate macroconidia. In addition, Lecanora prolificans produces larger apothecia [0.4–0.8 (–0.9) mm in Lecanora prolificans, 0.28–0.29(–0.35) mm in Lecanoropsis albellula] and higher subhymenial layers [70–190(–220) µm in Lecanora prolificans vs. 72–103(–130) µm in Lecanoropsis albellula].</p><p>Darker apothecia of Lecanora prolificans can be confused with those of Lecanoropsis subravida due to their size and the shape of the margin, however L. subravida has a flatter disc, whereas Lecanora prolificans has a more convex to deformed disc, with tendency for aberrant growth. Also, the apothecia of L. prolificans usually densely cover the substrata, growing side by side, overlapping or fusing with each other, whereas Lecanoropsis subravida tends to produce single, isolated apothecia, and rarely forms groups and patches. Due to the similarity of Lecanora prolificans with Lecanoropsis albellula, we expect that many of the specimens stored in herbaria under the names Lecanora albellula or L. piniperda may in fact belong to L. prolificans, as is the case with specimens from NY cited below (See Discussion in p. 51).</p><p>Etymology: prolificans in Latin, means “proliferating” in relation to the large numbers of apothecia produced by all the studied specimens.</p><p>Additional specimens studied: FINLAND. Enontekiö: Kilpisjärvi, 489 m alt., 69.05424° N 20.76334° E, 28 July 2021, L. Weber MAL-10-4 (H); GERMANY. Saxony, Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge, Elbsandsteingebirge, Borkenkäferfläche am Reitsteig, 469 alt., 50°53.6120’N 14°18.7716’ W, 06 Nov. 2016, V. Otte 50699 (GLM), Lecanomics code: 1109, 1110 &amp; 1111; IRAN. Golestan Province: Kordkuy Co., ca 31 km along Kordkuy-Derazno Road, ca. 3 km from Derazno village, ca. 2430 m alt., 36°39.6868’ N 54°8.1041’ E, 01 August 2018, M. Sohrabi &amp; C. Printzen 15031 (FR-0362740; ICH), Lecanomics code: 169; RUSSIA. Krasnodarskij Kraj, Apscheronskij rajon, 640 m alt., 44°11.9500’ N 39°57.4504’ E, 18 August 2016, V. Otte 771 (GLM-48595), Lecanomics code: 1098; U.S.A. Arizona: Coconino Co., Grand Canyon Nat. For., top of Grandview Trail, 1950 m, 36°03’ 30” N 112°13’ W, 11 July 1994, T. H. Nash III 35570 (ASU); California: Inyo Co., Inyo National Forest, John Muir Wilderness, 3140 m alt., 37° 9.66’ N 118°33.78’ W, 08 October 2015, J. Hollinger &amp; N. Noell 19788 (FR-0362741), Lecanomics code: 996; Mariposa Co., Yosemite Nat. Park, Mount Hoffman Marble outcrops, 100 m S of upper marble mound, Pinus contorta dominated forest with some Tsuga mertensiana and Abies magnifica, 2680 m, 37°49.793’ N, 119°30.561’ W, 21 September 2009, C. Printzen 12147 (FR-0362742); Riverside Co., Peninsular Range, San Jacinto Mts, 2692 m alt., 33°48.3949’ N 116°39.3065’ W, 28 May 2013, K. Knudsen 15604 (NY-1885533), Lecanomics code: 279; San Bernardino Co., Transverse Range, San Bernardino Mts, 1985 m alt., 34°13.1717’ N 117°7.3419’ W, 01 November 2013, K. Knudsen &amp; J. Kocourková 16245 (NY-2101970), Lecanomics code: 274; Nevada, Elko Co., Ruby Mountains, Soldier Creek, 2743 m alt., 40°44.3640’ N 115°16.3440’ W, 28 August 2015, J. Hollinger &amp; N. Noell 18883 (FR-0362743), Lecanomics code: 995; Lincoln Co., Highland peak, 2800 m alt., 37°53.94’ N 114°35.10’ W, 02 June 2016, J. Hollinger &amp; N. Noell 12506 (NY-3816802), Lecanomics code: 273; 2835 m alt., 37°53.82’ N 114°35.22’ W, 02 June 2016, N. Noell 2785 (FR-0362744), Lecanomics code: 971; 2800 m alt., 37°53.94’ N 114°35.10’ W, 02 June 2016, J. Hollinger &amp; N. Noell 12464 (FR-0362745), Lecanomics code: 977; Worthington Peak, 2625 m alt., 37°55.23’ N 115°36.81’ W, 21 June 2016, J. Hollinger 13417 (FR-0362746), Lecanomics code: 982; White Pine Co., Great Basin National Park, east of Mather Overlock, 2834 m alt., 39°01.3042’ N 114°15.8594’ W, 17 July 2017, S. Leavitt 17.652, 17.640, 17.641, 17.629 (FR-0362747; FR-0362748; FR-0183035; FR-vicinity of Snake Creek Trailhead, along Shoshone Trail, 2505 m alt., 38°55.44’ N 114°15.096’ W, 17 July 2017, S. Leavitt 17.540 (FR-0183031), Lecanomics code: 398; Utah: Summit Co., Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Uinta Mountains, High Uinta Wilderness Area, 2750 m alt., 40°56.8314’ N 110°44.7972’ W, 12 September 2016, S. Leavitt 16.611 (FR-0362750), Lecanomics code: 402; 3525 m alt., 40°51.9078’ N 110°29.7817’ W, 13 September 2016, S. Leavitt 16.619, 16.620 (FR-0362751; FR-0362752), Lecanomics code: 403, 404; Uintah Co., Ashley National Forest, vicinity of Leidy Peak, 3383 m alt., 40°46.0001’ N 109°49.0003’ W, 31 July 2009, W. Buck 55112 (NY-1136448), Lecanomics code: 282; Utah Co., Uimta National Forest, Lone Peak wilderness Area, between Silver Lake and Silver Glance Lake, 11 July 2011, S. Leavitt 5702 (FR-0362753), Lecanomics code: 410.</p><p>Descriptions of Lecanoropsis and related taxa</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFB4C16A338BF8CFFD39FCF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFFB9C16C338BFCC4FE06F98E.text	039387EFFFB9C16C338BFCC4FE06F98E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis albellula (Ivanovich & Printzen 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis albellula (Nyl.) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 10A &amp; B, 15A, 16C and 17A.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847127</p><p>Basionym: Lecidea albellula Nyl., Not. Sällsk. Fauna et Flora Fenn. för. n. ser. 8 (5): 147 (1866).</p><p>Type:— RUSSIA. Murmansk Oblast: Kandalakshsky District, (possibly; as Lapponiae Inandrae, prope Kantalahti) 1863, Fellman, Lich. Arct. Coll. 129 (H-NYL 26472= H9506892!— lectotype, designated by Printzen 2001)</p><p>Synonyms: Lecanora albellula (Nyl.) Th. Fries (1871: 266)</p><p>New variety combination: Lecanoropsis albellula (Nyl.) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen var. macroconidiata (M. Brand &amp; van den Boom) Palice &amp; Ivanovich comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora albellula var. macroconidiata M. Brand &amp; van den Boom, in van den Boom &amp; Brand, Lichenologist 40 (6): 468 (2008).</p><p>Thallus endosubstratal to episubstratal. When the thallus is episubstratal, effuse and amorphous, aggregated into amorphous areoles, sometimes only below apothecia, usually whitish to beige. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded to deformed, single and scarce or aggregated in small groups, occasionally forming large patches, appressed to sessile, (0.21–)0.28–0.29(–0.35) mm in diam. On specimens with abundant apothecia, discs tend to overlap and to fuse. In one specimen, some apothecia appear to grow exceptionally aberrant and large, reaching ca. 4–5 times the size of normal apothecia, the aberrant discs becoming convex, uneven and verrucose. Apothecial disc flat to convex, usually pale beige or yellowish, becoming beige to ochre, sometimes darkening brown to dark grey or brown, matte to occasionally weakly glossy, commonly with a white fine pruina, more rarely epruinose. Apothecial margin on young apothecia thin, smooth to weakly crenulate, raised, on old apothecia, thinner to disappearing and completely excluded, (0.01–)0.03–0.06(–0.07) mm wide. Whitish beige. Amphithecium usually with golden-brown granules in the algal layer and in the outer edges of the cortex. Amphithecial cortex variable, thick and of even width to thin or ecorticated laterally, uneven, sometimes widening at the base, sometimes moderately gelatinized at the base, (12–)18–26(–29) µm wide laterally, (18–)23–43(–48) µm wide basally, hyaline. Parathecium inapparent. Epihymenium hyaline or faint yellow to faint brown, or faint olive, sometimes streaks of both pigments present on the same apothecia, containing a mixture of Cinereorufa -green and an unknown brown or yellow pigment (see Notes below), covered by an epipsamma variable in thickness, of golden-brown granules, rarely streaking into the hymenium. Hymenium hyaline, sometimes inspersed with golden-brown granules, (37–)43–62(–68) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, rarely faint brown, (60–)72–103(–130) µm. Paraphyses simple to commonly branching, more rarely anastomosing, ca. 1.5–2 µm wide, apices not to weakly capitate, ca. 2–2.5 µm wide, apical gel sheath ca. 3–3.5 µm wide. Spores ellipsoid, simple, (6.8–)8.6–11(–15.3) × (3.4–)3.7–4.5(–7.0) µm. Conidia: Macroconidia reniform, 0–3 septate, 7–12 × 1.5–2 µm (12–15 × 1.5–2.5 in L. albellula var. macroconidiata); microconidia slender and bent, 8–10 × 1–2 µm; mesoconidia ellipsoid-bacilliform, 3–4 × 1–2 µm; leptoconidia filamentous and curved, 10–15 × 1 µm.</p><p>Chemistry: Isousnic acid (major). Pseudoplacodiolic acid was detected in a single specimen. Usnic acid was reported by Printzen (20001) and van den Boom and Brand (2008) as minor or trace in some specimens and rarely as a major substance. This compound was not detected by us by TLC. 7-O-methylnorascomatic acid was reported as rare in Lecanoropsis albellula, but as major in L. albellula var. macroconidiata by van den Boom and Brand (2008). This compound was not detected by us by TLC, except for two specimens by ZP in PRA.</p><p>Substrate: Corticolous and lignicolous, found on both bark of standing and dead wood of Picea and on worked wooden posts.</p><p>Ecology: Mixed montane forests of Picea and Fagus, in subalpine habitats, above 700 m alt, up to ca. 2200 m alt. Some historical collections from central-northern Europe come from areas at lower elevations (e.g. H9232390).</p><p>Distribution: Widely distributed in montane areas of Europe, including Fennoscandia as north as Lapland, and in middle west Russia (Tatarstan Republic). Also, reported for the Yosemite NP (Hutten et al., 2013) in U.S. A, but the respective specimen proved to be Lecanora prolificans (see Discussion in p. 51).</p><p>Notes:Generally confused with L.subsaligna, L.albellula produces different macroconidia. Lecanoropsis subsaligna macroconidia are U-shaped and measure25×2µm,with pointed tips,whereas those of L.albellula are7–12×1.8μm(up to 15x2.5µm in var. macroconidiata)in diameter and have obtuse tips.Other character differences are the smaller apothecia in L.albellula [(0.21–)0.28–0.29(–0.35)µm vs.(0.35–)0.37–0.51(–0.55)µm of L.subsaligna]and higher subhymenial layers [(60–)72–103(–130) µm vs. (35–)40–50(–55) µm].</p><p>Lecanoropsis albellula differs from L. saligna by conidial differences between these species: macroconidia of L. saligna are smaller, aseptate and weakly crescent-shaped; leptoconidia of L. saligna are shorter than those of L. albellula, only reaching 11 µm in length. Epihymenial pigment’s reactions are also different: although both can appear brown in water, the reaction in K after application of N is strongly yellow-orange in L. albellula due to the presence of an unknown brown or yellow pigment. In comparison, the K reaction after N of the epihymenial pigment in L. saligna is brown due to the presence of Superba -brown. L. albellula also produces Cinereorufa -green (which is absent in L. saligna), but is always present as streaks in the epihymenium and never completely colouring the epihymenium as is in the case of Lecanora mughicola . For more reaction details see Table 4. Similarities and differences between Lecanoropsis albellula and Lecanora prolificans are discussed under L. prolificans .</p><p>Selected specimens studied: AUSTRIA. Salzburg: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.913816&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.16945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.913816/lat 47.16945)">Tamsweg</a>, 1700 m alt., 47°10.1669’ N 13°54.8290’ E, 02 September 2019, C. Ivanovich &amp; L. Weber LUN25 (FR-0362754), Lecanomics Code: 506 ; Lungau, Überling, Lärchen- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.914373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.16923" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.914373/lat 47.16923)">Fichten-Wald</a> etwas oberhalb <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.914373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.16923" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.914373/lat 47.16923)">Forststrasse</a> und <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.914373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.16923" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.914373/lat 47.16923)">Wanderweg</a> zur <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.914373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.16923" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.914373/lat 47.16923)">Überlinghütte</a>, 1725 m., 47°10.1538’ N 13°54.8624’ E, 02 September 2019, M. Schultz 08761 (HBG-24727), Lecanomics Code: 652 ; Steiermark: Salzkammergut, Grundlsee, 25 August 1952, A. Henssen (H9232381) ; CZECH REPUBLIC. Moravia: Vysočina, Vápenice Forest, October 1906, F. Kovář 21284 (H9232511) ; East Bohemia: Orlické hory <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.520138&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.18514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.520138/lat 50.18514)">Mts</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.520138&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.18514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.520138/lat 50.18514)">Bartošovice</a> v <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.520138&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.18514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.520138/lat 50.18514)">Orlických</a> horách, valley of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.520138&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.18514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.520138/lat 50.18514)">Bartošovický</a> potok, loc “Údolíčko”, 705 m alt., 50°11’ 06.5” N 16°31’ 12.5” E, 20 April 2012, J. Halda, J. Malíček &amp; Z. Palice 15128 (FR-0212939) ; South Bohemia, Šumava Mts, Volary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.858417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.86088" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.858417/lat 48.86088)">Černý Kříž</a>, game-keeper´s house, 740 m alt., 48º51.653’ N 13º51.505’ E, 13 March 2010, Z. Palice 13339 (FR-0212940, PRA) ; ESTONIA. Maartu, 09 November 1932, J. Ruubel (H9232510) ; FRANCE. Vosges: Docelles, J. Harmand ; Claudel, Claudel &amp; Harmand, Lich. Gall. exs. 282 (H9232509) ; GERMANY. Bayern: Freyung-Grafenau, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.468761&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.94595" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.468761/lat 48.94595)">Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald</a>, 1106 m alt., 48°56.7569’ N 13°28.1257’ E, 26 August 2017, S. Kern TS3-31 - 12 (FR-0362755), Lecanomics Code: 204 ; 1110 m alt., 48°56.4577’ N 13°28.7240’ E, 30 November 2017, S. Kern TS3-14 - 5 (FR-0362756), Lecanomics Code: 214; Bayern: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.128351&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.090546" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.128351/lat 49.090546)">Regen</a>, 1138 m alt., 49°5.4328’ N 13°7.7011’ E, 11 July 2019, R. Cezanne &amp; M. Eichler 11522 (FR-0362757), Lecanomics Code: 521 ; 900 m alt., 49°4.5920’ N 13°18.1747’ E, 08 June 2019, L. Weber T3-27 - 10 (FR-0183021), Lecanomics Code: 555; Bayern, Augsburg, Britzelmayr, Lich. Exs. Fl. Augsb. exs. 132 (H9232382) ; Britzelmayr, Lich. Exs. Fl. Augsb. exs. (H9232512) ; Nordrhein-Westfalen: Warendorf, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.7833333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.7833333/lat 51.966667)">Felgte</a>, 51°58’ N 7°47’ E, 1862, F. Wilms (H9232390) ; ITALY. Bozen, Haslach ( South Tirol, Bolzano, Via Aslago), Hausmann (H9232389) ; RUSSIA. Petschora River, Werchue Pjoscha [?], 30 June 1891, A. O. Kihlman 105 B (H9232392) ; Tatarstan Republic: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.796" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.108/lat 55.796)">Kasan</a>, 55.796 N 49.108 E, 1910, C. Mereschkowsk y (H9232386) ; 1909, C. Mereschkowsky (H9232387); SWEDEN. Skåne: Asmundtorp, Örstorp, 06 May 1899, N. Alsthin (H9232508) ; SWITZERLAND. Zürich, Zürichberg, November 1876, G. Winter 89 (H9232385) ; Hegetschweiler 301 (H9232383) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFB9C16C338BFCC4FE06F98E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFFBFC16D338BF916FDEDF7DE.text	039387EFFFBFC16D338BF916FDEDF7DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis anopta (S. Y. Kondr., L. Lokos et Farkas 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis anopta (Nyl.) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 11A &amp; B, 15F.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847142</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora anopta Nyl. Flora 56 (19): 292 (1873).</p><p>Type:— FINLAND, South Häme = Hollola, Hersala. September 1872. J. P. Norrlin 1016. (H-NYL 26503!— lectotype, here designated)</p><p>Synonym: Lecanoropsis anopta (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et Farkas (2019: 154), nom. illeg. (See Notes under Lecanoropsis in p. 14).</p><p>Thallus endosubstratal to episubstratal. When episubstratal, commonly effuse and amorphous, rarely well developed and continuous, verruculose to verrucose, warts hemispherical, sometimes forming conical areoles, pale whitish with or without a yellow tinge, usually beige or greyish brown-green. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded to deformed or irregular, rarely becoming polygonal, sometimes fusing with neighbouring apothecia, single and scattered or in small groups, rarely completely covering the substrate, appressed to sessile, (0.37–)0.46–0.68(– 0.78) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc flat to convex and becoming subglobose and biatorine-like, usually ochre to reddish-brown and darkening into brown or dark grey/brown into black, more rarely pale beige or pale ochre, mainly matte to weakly glossy, commonly epruinose, rarely with a fine white pruina. Apothecial margin in young apothecia, thin and uneven in width, subrugose, raised. In old apothecia, thinning to becoming completely excluded giving its biatorine-like appearance, (0.01–)0.04–0.05(–0.08) mm wide, whitish-greyish, sometimes with a tinge of yellow or green. Amphithecium corticated basally, algal layer typically continuous and filling the amphithecium until the edge of the apothecia. Algal layer and inner edge of the cortex uncommonly with granules golden-brown. Amphithecial cortex almost nonexistant to very thin laterally (usually just a very thin layer of gel covering the algae), thick, even and gelatinized to heavily gelatinized basally, (16–)20–50(–59) µm wide basally, hyaline, rarely orange-brown. Parathecium indistinct or developed into an exciple that pushes the amphithecium to a basal position, hyaline to rarely pigmented brown. Epihymenium hyaline to faint to dark green or olive, containing Cinereorufa green. Covered by a thin layer of granules, sometimes inspersing into hymenium. Hymenium hyaline, golden brown sclerotized spores (guttulae) commonly present, (39–)44–50 (–56) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, formed by loosely arranged hyphae, (70–)78–139(–155) µm. Paraphyses simple to commonly branching and anastomosing, ca. 1.5–2 µm wide, apices noncapitate, ca. 2–2.5 µm wide, apical gel sheath up to 5 µm wide, usually pigmented faint olive-green. Spores ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (7.7–)9.3–10.3(–11.9) × (3.4–)3.9–4.8(–6.8) µm. Conidia: Microconidia bacilliform, weakly curved, 5–7 × 1.5–2 µm; leptoconidia filiform, curved, 15–20 × 1–1.5 µm; Macro- and mesoconidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Isousnic acid.</p><p>Substrate: Lignicolous, can be found also growing on exposed roots, sometimes corticolous on branches and twigs.</p><p>Ecology: Specimens studied were collected growing in a variety of open to semi-open forests, such as montane forest of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies concolor, Pinus ponderosa and Calocedrus decurrens; or in open pinyonjuniper woodland composed typically of Juniperus, Pinus and Quercus species; also, on decorticated Pinus ponderosa root in a prairie close to a wetland. The Iranian specimen was collected in subalpine forest of Quercus macranthera with Acer and Zelkova . Commonly found between 700 and 2600 m alt, but also can occur at sea level.</p><p>Distribution: So far known from Fennoscandia, Central Europe, Iran and Western North America.</p><p>Notes: Lecanoropsis anopta is a distinctive member of Lecanoropsis due to a combination of several characters such as biatorine-like apothecia when old, becoming almost subglobose (a feature that is rarely present in old apothecia of L. albellula, L. latens, L. omissa and L. subcinctula); it is one of the few members of Lecanoropsis that contain Cinereorufa -green in the epihymenium, occasionally streaking into the hymenium, and regularly contains golden-brown guttulae (sclerotized spores) within the asci. Another character to be considered is the hymenium shape and amphithecial cortex position in the apothecial cross-section: the cortex appears to be relegated at the bottom of the apothecia due to the hymenium pushing it and the algal layer downwards. One character remark is the slight difference among spore width found between studied L. anopta specimens collected in the US vs. the specimens coming from the Old World. Spore width of American specimens averaged 3.5–4.5 µm, whereas spore width of Eurasian specimens (including the Type) is on the 4–6 µm range. The latter spore width range coincides with measurements by Nylander and Hedlund in their respective descriptions for Lecanora anopta (Nylander, 1873; Hedlund, 1892).</p><p>Selected specimens studied: IRAN. Golestan: Kordkuy Co. ca. 3 km from Derazno village, ca. 2430 m alt., 36° 39.6870’ N 54°8.1040’ E, 01 August 2018, M. Sohrabi &amp; C. Printzen 15029 (FR-0362758; ICH) Lecanomics Code: 168; GERMANY. Schleswig-Holstein: Nordfriesland, Nord-Sylt Island, List, 2 m alt., 55°1.0397’ N 8°26.4063’ E, 20 September 2020, C. Dolnik 4671 (hb. Dolnik), Lecanomics Code: 1005; U.S.A. California: Sierra Co., Calpine, ca. 1 km N of turnoff to Calpine Lookout off of Hwy. 89, montane forest of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies concolor, Pinus ponderosa and Calocedrus decurrens, 1610 m alt., 39°41.22’ N 120°27.24’ W, 09 February 2018, J. Hollinger 18808 (FR-0362760; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics Code: 994; Nevada: Elko Co., Independence Mts., North Fork Humboldt River, small old grove of Abies concolor and Populus tremuloides ca. 50 m above creek on N-facing siliceous slope surrounded by grassland, 2320 m alt., 41°33.588’ N 115°59.19’ W, 15 August 2017, J. Hollinger &amp; N. Noell 17957 (FR-0362759; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics Code: 990; Lincoln Co., Clover Mts., Docs Pass, 1900 m alt., 37°26.94’ N 114°5.82’ W, 31 May 2018, J. Hollinger 21661 (FR-0362761; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics Code: 998; Nye Co., Quinn Canyon Range, 2550 m alt., 38°7.734’ N 115° 0.878’ W, 01 August 2019, J. Hollinger 22736 (FR-0362762; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics Code: 1001; Utah: San Juan Co. Manti-La Sal National Forest, 2560 m alt., 37°53.904’ N 109°30.888’ W, 06 April 2018, S. Leavitt 18.081 (FR-0362763; BRY-C), Lecanomics Code: 405; Washington: Spokane Co. Turnbull, 700 m alt., 47°26.3819’ N 117°34.4047’ W, 16 August 2016, J. Hollinger 14451g (FR-0362764; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics Code: 984.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFBFC16D338BF916FDEDF7DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFFBDC150338BF969FC4CFA72.text	039387EFFFBDC150338BF969FC4CFA72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis anoptizodes (Palice & Ivanovich 2025) Palice & Ivanovich 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis anoptizodes (Nyl.) Palice &amp; Ivanovich, comb. nov. Fig. 12A &amp; B, 16F.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 848535</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora anoptizodes Nyl., Flora 65: 452 (1882).</p><p>Type:— GERMANY. Baden-Württemberg: Heidelberg, 1882, W. von Zwackh-Holzhausen 451 (H-NYL 26511= H9511409!— lectotype, here designated); 451 (H-NYL 26515= H9511410!— isolectotype, here designated).</p><p>Thallus endosubstratal, rarely episubstratal and forming an effuse, amorphous to somewhat granulose, beige to dark brown thallus. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded, sometimes deformed or irregular, single and scattered or in small groups, appressed becoming sessile, (0.17–)0.25–0.37(–0.42) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc flat to weakly convex, brown to dark grey/brown to black, mainly matte to weakly glossy, epruinose. Apothecial margin when young, thick, smooth and raised. In old apothecia, thinning to becoming completely excluded and giving the apothecia a biatorine-like appearance, (0.01–)0.02–0.04 (–0.05) mm wide, whitish and darkening to beige, to brown and to dark brown. Amphithecium with a continuous algal layer without or rarely with granules. Amphithecial cortex of even width laterally and basally, gelatinized to heavily gelatinized at the base, (15–)22–25(–30) µm wide laterally, (15–)22–27(–33) µm wide basally, hyaline. Parathecium indistinct or developed into an exciple that pushes the amphithecium to a basal position, hyaline. Epihymenium faint brown to olive green, containing Cinereorufa - green. Partially covered by a thin layer of golden-brown granules sometimes streaking into hymenium. Hymenium hyaline, golden brown sclerotized spores (guttulae) present, (30–)34–37(–38) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, (62–)75–88(–95) µm. Paraphyses commonly branched, sometimes simple, rarely anastomosing, ca. 1.5–2 µm wide, apices not or weakly capitate, ca. 1.5–2 µm wide, apical gel sheaths 3.5 µm wide, pigmented weakly brown or hyaline. Spores ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (7.5–)8.0–10.3(–11.5) × (2.5–)3.3–4.5(–5) µm. Conidia: Macroconidia U-shaped, 1–3 septate, 8–12 × 1.5–2 µm; leptoconidia filiform, curved, 12–15 × 0.5–1 µm; Meso- and microconidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Isousnic acid.</p><p>Substrate: Lignicolous.</p><p>Ecology: A pioneer species on hard coniferous wood (spruce stump, drifted log in brook alluvium) in well-lit forests or worked wood in urban landscape. The species is often accompanied by Trapeliopsis flexuosa . The type material was collected within the city limits of Heidelberg, Germany, ca. 120 m alt. Recent specimens from the Czech Republic and Slovakia are from elevations between 600–1300 m alt.</p><p>Distribution: Central Europe.</p><p>Notes: Similar to Lecanoropsis anopta, but the two species can be differentiated by macroconidia: L. anoptizodes produces 1–3 septate, U-shaped macroconidia with acute tips, whereas L. anopta doesn’t seem to produce macroconidia. Apothecia in L. anoptizodes are smaller [(0.17–)0.25–0.37(–0.42) mm] than those of L. anopta [(0.37–)0.46–0.68(– 0.78) mm]. Finally, L. anoptizodes has been collected so far at elevations up to 1300 m in Central Europe, while L. anopta can be found up to 2600 m in a wider distributional range (Western North America and Canada, Central and Northern Europe, and in Iran).</p><p>Lecanoropsis anoptizodes also shares resemblance with L. subsaligna, but macroconidia of L. subsaligna are 20–25 µm long (up to 12 µm in L. anoptizodes), and apothecia are paler and slightly larger [(0.35–)0.37–0.51(–0.55) mm vs. (0.17–)0.25–0.37(–0.42) mm in L. anoptizodes]. Because of its rather dark apothecia, L. anoptizodes can be confused with Lecanora mughicola . However, L. mughicola produces flat and more angular/polygonal apothecia with persistent margins, never becoming subbiatorine, and apparently lacks macroconidia.</p><p>Selected specimens studied: CZECH REPUBLIC, South Bohemia: Šumava Mts, Prachatice, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.91291&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.986652" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.91291/lat 48.986652)">Záblatí</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.91291&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.986652" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.91291/lat 48.986652)">Kaňon Blanice Nature Reserve</a> - the westernmost part, the valley of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.91291&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.986652" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.91291/lat 48.986652)">Blanice</a>, open alluvial spot on the left bank of the rivulet, on hard, illuminated wood of drifted log of a conifer, 613 m alt., 48°59’11.95” N 13°54’46.48” E, Z. Palice 33844 (FR-0362765; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 1678 ; GERMANY. Baden-Württemberg: Heidelberg, 1882, W. von Zwackh-Holzhausen 457 (H-NYL 26512 = H9506899) ; Am Zaune der Baumschule auf dem Sprunge, ca. 120 m, 19 September 1882, Zwackh-Holzhausen, Lich. Exs. 712 (H-NYL p.m. 3160 = H9511411) ; SLOVAKIA. Žilinský kraj: W Carpathians, Nízke Tatry Mts, Kráľova lehota, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.851667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.0065" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.851667/lat 49.0065)">Svarín</a>, a saw mill in the valley of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.851667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.0065" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.851667/lat 49.0065)">Svarinka</a> brook, 710-720 m alt., 49°00.39’ N 19°51.1’ E, 28 July 2008, P. Czarnota, A. Guttová, J. Halda &amp; Z. Palice 12247 (FR-0264511; PRA) ; W Carpathians, Veporské vrchy hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.856916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.78092" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.856916/lat 48.78092)">Muránská</a> planina NP, 1266 m alt., 48º 46’51.3” N 19º 51’24.9” E, 05 May 2010, D. Blanár, A. Guttová, J. Halda &amp; Z. Palice 13399 (FR-0212941; PRA) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFFBDC150338BF969FC4CFA72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF83C150338BFA42FD01F816.text	039387EFFF83C150338BFA42FD01F816.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis calabrica (M. Brand & van den Boom 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis calabrica (M. Brand &amp; van den Boom) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847143</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora calabrica M. Brand &amp; van den Boom, in van den Boom &amp; Brand, Lichenologist 40 (6): 470 (2008).</p><p>Type:— ITALY, Calabria: Sila Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.483334/lat 39.233334)">Lago Arvo</a>, 1 km NE of Barachella, 1200 m alt., 39°14’ N 16°29’ E, 14 May 2001, Brand 42986 (LG— holotype; hb. Brand— isotype; not studied) .</p><p>Description: see van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008)</p><p>Notes: The description provided by van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008) indicates some similarities with Lecanoropsis subravida . However, the apothecial margin of L. calabrica is thin, whereas L. subravida develops a thick, prominent and knobbly margin. Another difference is the length of ascospores, with those of L. calabrica being slightly shorter (8.4–9.6 µm) than those of L. subravida [(7.5–)8.5–11.9(–13.5) µm]. Macroconidia were not reported for L. calabrica, only leptoconidia, which are longer (22–27 µm) than those of L. subravida (10.8–11 µm). Lecanoropsis calabrica produces isousnic acid as a major metabolite, whereas L. subravida produces usnic acid, often accompanied by isousnic and/or pseudoplacodiolic acids in lower concentrations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF83C150338BFA42FD01F816	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF82C152338BFF0EFACEF915.text	039387EFFF82C152338BFF0EFACEF915.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis coniferarum (Ivanovich & Printzen 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis coniferarum (Printzen) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 13A &amp; B, 16E.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847144</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora coniferarum Printzen, Bryologist 104 (3): 393 (2001).</p><p>Type:— U. S. A. New Mexico: Sierra Co., Black Range, Mimbres Mts., 2470 m alt., 28 May 1973, Nash 7101 (MIN-932866!— isotype, designated by Printzen 2001).</p><p>Description: see Printzen (2001)</p><p>Conidia: Macroconidia crescent shape, 9–12 × 3–4 µm; microconidia thin, curved 6–8 × 1–1.5 µm; leptoconidia filamentous, curved, 12–16 × 1–1.5 µm; mesoconidia were not found.</p><p>Notes: Albeit similar in appearance, L. coniferarum can be distinguished from L. subravida by overall larger [0.5–0.9 (–1.5) mm vs. 0.54–0.76(–0.85) mm in L. subravida] apothecia with a whitish to bluish pruina (epruinose and occasionally with a fine white pruina in L. subravida). Additionally, L. coniferarum epihymenial pigment is red-brown in water that reacts N + orange-red, whereas in L. subravida, the epihymenium is faint brown without an N-reaction. Lecanoropsis coniferarum has only been found in the U.S.A., whereas L. subravida has a main distributional range across Europe, with one occurrence in Yosemite National Park, California (Hutten et al., 2013), and another studied specimen collected in California (NY-2203860, see under L. subravida).</p><p>An unknown reddish-brown pigment was found in the epihymenium of L. coniferarum, which does not seem to fit any of the pigments described by Meyer and Printzen (2000) and Orange et al. (2001) (Table 4). A similar reaction after N treatment was observed in pigmented specimens of L. albellula and L. sarcopidoides . Lecanoropsis coniferarum can be distinguished from these species by larger apothecia, a strongly widened amphithecial cortex [90–100 µm, up to 210 µm basally in L. coniferarum, 23–43(–48) µm in L. albellula and 22–27(–32) µm in L. sarcopidoides] (see Table 2), and the fact that neither L. albellula nor L. sarcopidoides produces a red-brown, but rather a yellow-brown epihymenial pigment, sometimes mixed with Cinereorufa -green in L. albellula .</p><p>Selected specimens studied: MEXICO. Baja California del Norte: Guadalupe Isl., near the northern peak on ridge, In open Cupressus forest, on Cupressus guadalupensis, 1250 m, 29.0944 N 118.3111 W, 02 January 1996, T. H. Nash III 38324 (ASU-L 005788); C. Wetmore 75836 (MIN-877305); U.S.A. Arizona: Apache Co., Apache Nat. For., Mount Baldy Wilderness area, trail from Phelp’s cabin along East Fork of Little Colorado River, on Abies, 3000 m, 33.925 N 109.517 W, 01 July 1990, B. Ryan &amp; T. H. Nash III 26877 (ASU); B. Ryan &amp; T. H. Nash III 26899 (ASU); Green Mt., on dead Pseudotsuga, 3080 m, 34.1167 N 109.5833 W, 26 July 1973, T. H. Nash III 7751-a (ASU-L 008159); Cochise Co., trail from Rustler’s Park to summit of Fly’s Peak, Chiricahua Mountains, W of Portal, spruce-fir zone, 2591–3048 m, 31.88 N 109.23 W, 18 April 1957, W. A. Weber &amp; S. Shushan 14102 (COLO L-0020728); Huachuca Mts., N-side of Carr Peak, on dead wood, 2286 m, 31.4167 N 110.25 W, 14 September 1976, T. H. Nash III 14520 (ASU-L 008181); Coconino Co., Humphrey Trail, 3380 m alt., 35°20.0880’ N 111°41.4120’ W, 08 August 2019, J. Hollinger, F. Bungartz &amp; C. Parinella 23033 (FR-0183032; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics Code: 1003; W side San Francisco Peaks, near the road to Snow Bowl, on Pseudotsuga menziesii, 2680 m, 35.3333 N 111.7 W, 14 July 1973, T. H. Nash III 7490 (COLO L-0020722); San Francisco Peaks, Agassiz Peak, above Snow Bowl, NW slope, on wood, 3200 m, 35.3333 N 111.6833 W, 29 September 1981, V. Wirth 10998 &amp; T. H. Nash III (ASU); Gila Co., Mogollon Rim, NE end of Pine Canyon ca. 7 km NNE of Pine, dense forest of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies lasiocarpa, Pinus strobiformis, Acer grandidentum, on Pseudotsuga menziesii, 2000 m, 34.4417 N 111.4028 W, 19 September 1997, C. Printzen s.n. (ASU; hb. Printzen); Pima Co., Rincon Section, Italian Spring, Saguaro Nat. Mon., on douglasfir snag, 32°13’42”N, 110°32’28”W, 21 June 1986, C. Wetmore 55039 (MIN-783330); California: Santa Clara Co., Blue Oak Ranch Reserve, 770 m alt., 37°23.7120’ N 121°44.4780’ W, 27 January 2018, J. Hollinger &amp; K. Kellman 18734 (FR-0362766; hb. Hollinger), Lecanomics Code: 992; Montana: Mineral Co., Along Clark Fork River 4 km west of Superior, near Lozeau, 855 m alt., 47º07’ N 114º47’ W, September 1993, B. McCune 21124 (FR-0059705); Tulare Co., Crystal Cave Rd at Gen. Highway, Sequoia NP, steep S facing slope at bottom of valley, on sequoia log, 1676 m, 36°33’31” N 118°47’01” W, 11 May 1984, C. Wetmore 50727 (MIN-779627); Oreole Lake SW of Pine Top Mt., on incense cedar snag, 36°27’33” N 118°44’14” W, 21 May 1984, C. Wetmore 51211 (MIN-779611); Milk Ranch Peak at border of park E of headquarters, Arond peak with white fir, incense cedar, pines and rocks; on conifer stump, 1859 m, 36°29’11” N 118°46’51” W, 21 May 1984, C. Wetmore 51192 (MIN-779612); Colorado: Larimer Co., Cow Creek Valley N of Estes Park, Rocky Mts. NP, 40°24’43” N 105°33’44” W, 03 August 1984, C. Wetmore 53461 (MIN-877395); New Mexico: Otero Co., Sacramento Mountains, Cloudcroft, 18 May 1904, Shimek s.n. (MIN-895984).</p><p>FIGURE 13. Lecanoropsis coniferarum (A &amp; B), L. subravida (C &amp; D) and L. quercicola (E &amp; F). A, U.S.A., California, J. Hollinger &amp; K. Kellman 18734 (FR-0362766; L 992), habitus. B, same specimen as A, apothecial section in LCB. C, Russia, Krasnodar Krai, V. Otte 771 (GLM; L 291), habitus. D, same specimen as C, apothecial section in LCB. E, Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, C. Dolnik 2374 (FR-0362772; L 490), habitus. F, same specimen as E, apothecial section in LCB. Scales: A, C &amp; E = 500 µm; B, D &amp; F = 20 µm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF82C152338BFF0EFACEF915	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF81C153338BF962FC6DFEBA.text	039387EFFF81C153338BF962FC6DFEBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis coppinsii (M. Brand & van den Boom 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis coppinsii (M. Brand &amp; van den Boom) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847145</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora coppinsii M. Brand &amp; van den Boom, in van den Boom &amp; Brand, Lichenologist 40 (6): 470 (2008).</p><p>Type:— SCOTLAND. V.C. 82 East Lothian, Lammermuir Hills, Monynut Forest, 36/689.671, 340 m alt., 31 October 1999, B. J. Coppins 18567 (E— holotype; hb. v.d. Boom— isotype; not studied) .</p><p>Description: see van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008).</p><p>Notes: A species so far only known from southern Scotland, Lecanoropsis coppinsii could be confused with L. latens and L. omissa . However, L. coppinsii produces larger apothecia (0.4–0.8 mm) than L. latens [0.2–0.35(–0.5) mm] and L. omissa [0.2–0.4(–0.5) mm]. In addition, L. omissa and L. latens produce usnic acid, whereas L. coppinsii produces isousnic acid as secondary metabolite. The pruina in L. coppinsii is grey-blue whereas L. latens produces a whitish pruina. Finally, L. latens is only known from the west coast of California in the US, and L. coppinsii has so far only been collected in the northern part of the British Isles.</p><p>Lecanoropsis coppinsii produces the shortest ascospores within Lecanoropsis, reaching a maximum length of 8.5 µm (see van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008); see Table 2 for comparison).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF81C153338BF962FC6DFEBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF80C153338BFE0AFAE2FD02.text	039387EFFF80C153338BFE0AFAE2FD02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis crassithallina (Ivanovich & Printzen 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis crassithallina (van den Boom) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847146</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora crassithallina van den Boom, Bryologist 110 (3): 482 (2007).</p><p>Type: — MEXICO. Chihuahua: 18 km N of Gómez Farís near secondary road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.8373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.8465" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.8373/lat 29.8465)">Pablo Amaya</a>, 2110 m alt., 29.8465°N 107.8373°W, 19 July 1994, T. Nash III 36569 (ASU — holotype; B, LG, hb. v. d. Boom, hb. Brand— isotypes; not studied) .</p><p>Description: see van den Boom (2007).</p><p>Notes: see Notes on Lecanoropsis coracina and L. iapyx . van den Boom (2007) provides a detailed comparison among L. crassithallina, L. albellula, L. coniferarum and L. saligna (see also Notes under L. subravida).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF80C153338BFE0AFAE2FD02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF80C153338BFC92FADCFB1B.text	039387EFFF80C153338BFC92FADCFB1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis latens (Ivanovich & Printzen 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis latens (Printzen) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 11C &amp; D.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 848536</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora latens Printzen, Bryologist 104 (3): 394 (2001).</p><p>Type:— U. S. A. California. Santa Barbara Co., Santa Cruz Island, N side of Central Valley, La Cascada W of U. C. field station, 150 m, 34º00’30” N 119º44’50” W. 25 September 1997, Printzen s.n. (FR-0211779!— isotype).</p><p>Description: see Printzen (2001). Pycnidia were not found.</p><p>Notes: see under L. omissa</p><p>Selected specimens studied: U.S.A. California: Alameda Co., SW side of parking lot NE of Life Sciences Building, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.2528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.8736" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.2528/lat 37.8736)">Univ. of Calif. Campus</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.2528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.8736" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.2528/lat 37.8736)">Berkeley</a>, bark on N side of base, on Eucalyptus viminea, 37.8736 N 122.2528 W, 01 May 1965, I. Tavares 1785 (COLO L-0021235) ; Riverside Co., Agua Tibia Wilderness, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.975/lat 33.45)">Arroyo Seco Canyon</a>, to ca. 1.5 km S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.975/lat 33.45)">Dripping Springs Campground</a>, open area with oaks, chamise, etc., on shrub, 550 m, 33.45 N 115.975 W, 28 September 1989, B. Ryan 26027, 26029 (ASU-L008189) ; No locality, no date, Hasse (NY-01547371).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF80C153338BFC92FADCFB1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF80C155338BFB6BFD24FB35.text	039387EFFF80C155338BFB6BFD24FB35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanora mughicola Nylander 1872	<div><p>Lecanora mughicola Nyl. Fig. 12C &amp; D, 17E.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 388762</p><p>Type:— ITALY. In alpibus Rhaeticis [Rhaetian Alps], Anzi, Lich. Rar. Langob. Exs. 376 (H-NYL 26738= H 9506856! — holotype, M!— isotype).</p><p>Synonym: Lecanora cembricola Nyl. (1884: 385) — ITALY. An dürren Pinus cembra Aesten im Val Grande oberhalb Ospidale bei Schluderbach in den Ampezzaner Alpen, 07 August 1874, Arnold, Lich. exs. 587 (H-NYL 26742 = H 9506868!— lectotype, designated by Printzen, 2001, FR-0078184!; H 9232523!— isolectotypes).</p><p>Thallus endosubstratal or episubstratal.When episubstratal,effuse,amorphous,rarely continuous and smooth(sometimes becoming subrugose), or more commonly aggregating into clumps, sometimes only below apothecia, rarely forming angulose, flat to convex areoles; usually whitish to beige, rarely brown to dark brown. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/ trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded to polygonal, sometimes deformed, forming small groups to completely covering substrate, erumpent/immersed in substrate to appressed, sometimes sessile, (0.20–)0.25–0.37(–0.41) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc weakly concave to flat, never convex, rarely pale ochre to light brown, commonly dark brown or dark grey to jet black, mainly matte to weakly glossy, commonly epruinose, more rarely with a white fine to coarse pruina. Apothecial margin whitish-beige, in young apothecia, thick, raised and irregular, smooth to subrugose, sometimes indented or knobbly in appearance, in old apothecia thinning and becoming discontinuous but persistent, (0.02–)0.03– 0.05(–0.06) mm wide. Whitish to pale beige. Amphithecium with golden-brown granules throughout the algal layer. Algal layer almost reaching the surface where the hymenium and the amphithecial cortex meet. Amphithecial cortex moderately gelatinized, (9–)13–43(–62) µm wide laterally, (9–)15–35(–43) µm wide basally, hyaline. Parathecium usually observable, hyaline or faintly dark-green, (16–)24–41(–59) µm wide. Epihymenium hyaline on paler discs, faint olive/dark green on darker discs, sometimes only strokes of pigmentation present, containing Cinereorufa -green, covered by a thick epipsamma of golden-brown granules, very rarely streaking into the hymenium, sometimes with a gel layer between epipsamma and paraphysis apices. Hymenium hyaline (50–)58–81(–85) µm high. Subhymenial layers hyaline, (68–)80–122(–160) µm wide but sometimes not higher than the hymenium and appearing shallow. Paraphyses simple or more commonly branching, rarely anastomosing, ca. 1.5 µm wide, apices capitate, ca. 2–4.5 µm wide, apical gel sheath ca. 3.5–6 µm wide, usually pigmented olive/dark green. Spores narrowly ellipsoid, simple or rarely 1-septate, (10.2–) 12.5–13.4(–16.2) × (3.4–)4.6–5.4(–7.7) µm. Conidia: Microconidia slim, bent, 7–10 × 1–1.5 µm; leptoconidia filamentous and curved, 15–20 × 1–1.5 µm. Macro- and mesoconidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Isousnic acid.</p><p>Substrate: Lignicolous, commonly on decorticated wood.</p><p>Ecology: Open areas or well-lit mixed conifer forests, in subalpine to montane habitats commonly occurring above 1600 m, but specimens collected in Austria and Slovakia were found at elevations between 1200 and 1300 m. van den Boom and Brand (2008) reported specimens at 800 m.</p><p>Distribution: The samples studied were collected in subalpine Central Europe, in the mountainous areas in the Balkan peninsula, and in the Russian Caucasus. Reported to occur in North America, but selected specimens studied by us from the U.S.A. were determined as Lecanoropsis coracina .</p><p>Notes: Lecanora mughicola is one of the few species in this work that produces Cinereorufa -green as epihymenial pigment, a character shared only by Lecanoropsis anopta, L. anoptizodes, L. coracina and L. subintricata, but sometimes in lower, hardly detectable concentrations; and rarely observed also in darker apothecia of other species (e.g. L. albellula, L. subsaligna, L. omissa). Lecanora mughicola can be differentiated from both Lecanoropsis anopta and L. anoptizodes, by disc convexity, as both produces round, convex to subglobose apothecia with receding apothecial margin (biatorine-like). In contrast, Lecanora mughicola apothecia are rather irregularly round or becoming polygonal when densely aggregated with other apothecia, with flat to weakly convex apothecial discs, and persistent apothecial margins. Finally, L. anoptizodes produce macroconidia, a conidial type so far not yet found in Lecanora mughicola .</p><p>Darkened apothecia of Lecanoropsis subravida can look similar to Lecanora mughicola specimens with rounded apothecia. However, L. subravida produce crescent-shape macroconidia, brown epihymenial pigment and larger (0.5– 0.9 mm) apothecia than Lecanora mughicola (0.25–0.4 mm) with overall wider basal amphithecial cortex (56–91 µm in L. subravida, 13–35 µm in Lecanora mughicola).</p><p>Lecanora mughicola can resemble underdeveloped L. prolificans with darkened discs, but the apothecia are not as densely grouped and fused rather than overlapping as in L. prolificans . Lecanora prolificans also produces overall paler, larger apothecia (0.3–0.9 mm) than L. mughicola and shorter, thicker microconidia (5–8 × 2–2.7 µm vs. 7–10 × 1–1.5 µm in L. mughicola).</p><p>Lecanora mughicola can resemble Lecanoropsis coracina, but disc size and thallus development can help distinguish between these two species (see notes under L. coracina).</p><p>Selected specimens studied: ALBANIA. Shkodër: Malësi e Madhe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.386112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.75/lat 42.386112)">Bjeshkët</a> e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.386112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.75/lat 42.386112)">Nemuna (Prokletije) mountains</a> ca. 1600 m alt., 42°23’10” N 19° 45’00” E, 14 August 2007, J. Hafellner 80551 (H9232529) ; AUSTRIA. Niederösterreich: Lillienfeld, Türnitzer Höger, ca. 1370 m alt., J. Suza, Krypt. Exs. Vindob. 2757 (H9232534) ; Salzburg: Kitzbüheler Alpen, 1800 m alt., 09 September 1973, H. Vänskä 6632 (H9232502) ; Salzburg: Kitzbüheler Alpen, 2050 m alt., 09 September 1973, H. Vänskä 6640 (H9232533) ; Salzburg: Kitzbüheler Alpen, 1900 m alt., 09 September 1973, H. Vänskä 6643 (H9232504) ; Salzburg: Tamsweg. Pathway to Preberkessel, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.857132&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.194336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.857132/lat 47.194336)">Lungau</a>, ca. 1700 m alt., 47°11.6601’ N 13°51.4279’ E, 01 September 2019, C. Ivanovich &amp; L. Weber LUN14, LUN15 (FR-0183024, FR-0362767) Lecanomics Code: 503, 504 ; Salzburg: Tamsweg. On forested pathway in direction of the „phycology“ research cabin, on the way to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.899656&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.171112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.899656/lat 47.171112)">Dürrenecksee</a>, ca. 1700 m alt., 47°10.2668’ N 13°53.9794’ E, 02 September 2019, C. Ivanovich &amp; L. Weber LUN28 (FR-0362768), Lecanomics Code: 508 ; Steiermark: Koralpe, 1666 m alt., 13 June 1972, H. Vänskä 6247b (H9232506) ; Steiermark: Koralpe, 1660 m alt., 13 June 1972, H. Vänskä 6248 (H9232503) ; Steiermark: Koralpe, 1666 m alt., 13 June 1972, H. Vänskä 6250b (H9232505) ; BULGARIA. Smolyan: Pasmakli, Rhodope Mts. 1700–2200 m alt., 7–8 June 1929, Ö. Szatala (H9232526) ; GERMANY. Bayern: Nesselwang, Edelsberg, Allgäuer Alpen, ca. 1600 m alt., March 1957, J. Poelt (H9232528) ; ITALY. Südtirol: Paneveggio, Alpe Vineghia, 02 August 1886, Arnold Lich. exs. No. 1163a. (FR-0078185; H9232524) ; Schluderbach, Plätzenwiesen, 16 July 1882, Arnold Lich. exs. No. 930. (FR-0078183; H9232532) ; RUSSIA. Krasnodar Krai: Maykopsky District. Felsgrat unterhalb vom <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.469723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.9725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.469723/lat 43.9725)">Berg Agige</a>, 2070 m alt., 43°58.35’ N 40°28.1833’ E, 13 September 2018, V. Otte 54755 (GLM) Lecanomics Code: 294 ; Adygea: Majkopsky District. Berggrat SW unter dem <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.47&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.97222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.47/lat 43.97222)">Agige</a>, 2065 m alt., 43°58.3333’ N 40°28.2’ E, 09 September 2015, V. Otte 47746 (GLM) Lecanomics Code: 1221 ; SLOVAKIA. Banskobystrický kraj: Okres Revúca. W Carpathians, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.944614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.77505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.944614/lat 48.77505)">Muránska</a> planina plateau: nature reserve <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.944614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.77505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.944614/lat 48.77505)">Veľká</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.944614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.77505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.944614/lat 48.77505)">Stožka</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.944614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.77505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.944614/lat 48.77505)">Mt Veľká Stožka</a>, 1232 m alt., 48°46.5031’ N 19°56.6769’ E, 08 October 2019, D. Blanár, A. Guttová, J. Halda &amp; Z. Palice 27767 (FR-0362770) Lecanomics Code: 569 ; 583; Banskobystrický kraj: Okres Revúca. W Carpathians, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.944613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.775055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.944613/lat 48.775055)">Muránska</a> planina plateau: nature reserve <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.944613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.775055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.944613/lat 48.775055)">Veľká</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.944613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.775055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.944613/lat 48.775055)">Stožka</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.944613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.775055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.944613/lat 48.775055)">Mt Veľká Stožka</a>, 1232 m alt., 48°46.5034’ N 19°56.6767’ E, 08 October 2019, D. Blanár, A. Guttová, J. Halda &amp; Z. Palice 27784 (FR-0362771), Lecanomics Code: 564 ; Liptov: Liptovské Hole, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.7956&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.1723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.7956/lat 49.1723)">Nižná Magura</a>, 1800 m alt., 49.1723 N 19.7956 E, 16 August 1965, Vězda, Lich. Sel. Exs. 437 (H9232527) ; SWITZERLAND. Graubünden: Engadin, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.249867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.627728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.249867/lat 46.627728)">Buffalora</a>, 46.627729 N 10.249867 E, 27 July 1923, E. Häyrén (H9232531) ; Nidwalden / Obwalden: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.241111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.97389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.241111/lat 46.97389)">Pilatus</a>, 46.973889 N 8.241111 E, 24 July 1923, E. Häyrén (H9232530) ; Wallis: Riederalp, 2010 m alt., 29 August 1982, S. Hyvönen 715 (H9232507) .</p><p>Lecanoropsis pseudosarcopidoides (M. Brand &amp; van den Boom) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 11E &amp; F, 17C. MycoBank nº: 848537 Basionym: Lecanora pseudosarcopidoides M. Brand &amp; van den Boom, in van den Boom &amp; Brand, Lichenologist 40 (6): 475 (2008). Type: — ITALY, Trentino, Alto-Adige: Prov. Bolzano 54 km WSW of Merano, Stilfser Joch/Stelvio NP, road Prad-Stilfserjoch, SW</p><p>of Trafoi, SE slope with Picea forest and outcrops, 1850 m alt., on Pinus stump, 14 August 1990, P. van den Boom 10793 (B-</p><p>600187274!— holotype)</p><p>Description: Only the holotype was available to us for analysis. For a comprehensive description of this species, see van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008). In addition to this description, we here report the presence of golden-brown sclerotized spores (guttulae) in the otherwise hyaline to faint yellow hymenium.</p><p>Notes: Lecanoropsis pseudosarcopidoides shares the majority of characters with L. anopta, such as apothecia with a receding margin finally becoming biatorine, an algal layer confined to the base of the apothecial margin, the presence of guttulae in the hymenium, and the production of isousnic acid as their sole major secondary metabolite. The height of the hymenium (40–50 µm) and the subhymenial layers (70–155 µm in L. anopta, 60–135 µm in L. pseudosarcopidoides) as well as spore sizes (ca. 9–11 × 3–5 µm) are also similar in both species.</p><p>Nevertheless, there are a few traits in which the two species differ. The epihymenial pigment in L. pseudosarcopidoides seems to be typically hyaline with low concentration of Cinereorufa -green in the parathecial area; whereas in L. anopta, the epihymenium is typically and completely pigmented olive green or dark green. Conidial characters are slightly different; microconidia in L. pseudosarcopidoides are 1-septate, 5.3–7.4 × 1–1.3 µm; whereas microconidia in L. anopta are approximately the same size (5–7 × 1.5–2 µm) but aseptate and weakly bent. Lecanoropsis pseudosarcopidoides produces smaller leptoconidia than L. anopta (10.5–16.8 × 0.7–0.9 vs. 15–20 × 1–1.5 in L. anopta). It is likely that the two species are conspecific. However, we prefer to postpone a formal synonymization until it has been confirmed by molecular data.</p><p>Selected specimens studied: Only type material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF80C155338BFB6BFD24FB35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF86C155338BFA9AFE6BF9A9.text	039387EFFF86C155338BFA9AFE6BF9A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis quercicola (Coppins & P. James 2025) Ivanovich 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis quercicola (Coppins &amp; P. James) Ivanovich comb. nov. Fig. 13E &amp; F, 16B.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847152</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora quercicola Coppins &amp; James, Lichenologist 11 (2): 145 (1979).</p><p>Type:— ENGLAND, V.C. 11, Hampshire: New Forest, Beaulieu, Stubbs Wood, Hawk Hill, 41/35.03, ad apricam faciem trunci Querci e margine sylvae, 02 December 1975, P. W. James (BM — holotype; not studied) .</p><p>Notes: Only one specimen was available to us for analysis. For a detailed description of this species, see Coppins &amp; P. James (1979) and van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008).</p><p>Selected specimens studied: GERMANY. Schleswig-Holstein: Rendsburg-Eckernförde. Heide Sorgwohlder Binnendüne, 12 m alt., 54°21.5097’ N 9°34.6679’ E, 12 November 2012, C. Dolnik 2374 (FR-0362772; hb. Dolnik) Lecanomics Code: 490 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF86C155338BFA9AFE6BF9A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF86C157338BF93BFB21FA3B.text	039387EFFF86C157338BF93BFB21FA3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis saligna (Schrad.) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis saligna (Schrad.) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 10E &amp; F, 16A, 17B.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847154</p><p>Basionym: Lichen salignus Schrad., Spicil. fl. germ. 1: 84 (1794).</p><p>Type:— GERMANY, Lower Saxony, Göttingen, as Lichen salignus Schrad. (not studied, specimen requested from LE but not received; Printzen (2001) indicated that no such specimen is present at GOET; possibly lost).</p><p>Neotype:— GERMANY, Rheinland-Pfalz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.34311&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.859802" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.34311/lat 49.859802)">Nierstein</a>, 49° 51.5881’ N 8° 20.5866’ E, 02 November 2017, R. Cezanne &amp; M. Eichler 10884 (FR-0183028!—here designated). Lecanomics Code: 518.</p><p>Synonyms: Lecanora effusella Hedl. (1892: 33) — NORWAY. Sør-Trøndelag, Oppdal, Dovre, Drivstua (Drivstuen), 13 June 1864, T. M. Fries (UPS-L 004188!—lectotypified and synonymized under Lecanora albellula in Printzen, 2001).</p><p>Lecanora saligna (Schrader) Zahlbruckner (1928: 536) .</p><p>Lecanoropsis saligna (Schrad.) M. Choisy (1949: 143), nom. illeg. (see Notes under Lecanoropsis in p. 14)</p><p>Parmelia sarcopis Wahlenberg ex Acharius (1803: 40) . — FINLAND [„ SWEDEN, Torne Lappmark“]: Lapmark, Muonioniska, Wahlenberg s.n. (UPS L-153267, lectotype).</p><p>Thallus typically episubstratal, effuse, smooth and continuous, sometimes aggregating into flat to convex and polygonal or irregularly shaped areoles, whitish to yellowish or with a tinge of green, more commonly grey or beige, to grey brown. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded to deformed, forming small to large groups that densely cover the substrate, appressed to sessile, (0.30–)0.37–0.72(–0.85) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc flat to convex, rarely weakly concave, pale ochre to dark red/brown, mainly matte, sometimes glossy, commonly epruinose, rarely with a fine white pruina. Apothecial margin in young apothecia, thick, irregular, sometimes indented, smooth to subrugose, raised. In old apothecia, margin of uneven width and becoming level with disc, persistent, (0.03–)0.05– 0.08(–0.12) mm wide. White to whitish-grey or pale beige. Amphithecium algal layer usually filling the area, almost reaching the surface between the hymenium and the amphithecial cortex. Amphithecial cortex thin, more or less even, sometimes gradually widening into the base, containing patches of golden-dark brown granules that sometimes fill the entire cortex, (6–)10–23(–39) µm wide laterally, (18–)19–30(–45) µm wide basally, hyaline. Parathecium commonly present, rarely absent, hyaline to faint brown, (8–)15–60(–70) µm wide. Epihymenium hyaline, faint brown to orange/ golden brown, containing Superba brown. Commonly without a layer of granules on top, rarely with granules that dissolve in KOH. Hymenium hyaline, rarely inspersed with golden brown granules from epihymenium, (35–)45–65(– 75) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, rarely with golden-brown granules, sometimes gelatinized/with loose hyphae, (35–)65–160(–220) µm high. Paraphyses commonly branching, sometimes simple, rarely anastomosing at the base, ca. 1.5–2 µm wide, apices weakly capitate, ca. 2–5 µm wide, apical gel sheath ca. 3.5–6 µm wide, colourless or rarely brown at the apex. Spores broadly to narrowly ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (6.5–)8.0–11.3(–13.5) × (3.0–) 4.0–6.0(–7.5) µm. Conidia: Macroconidia crescent-shape, 7–8 × 2.5 µm; microconidia bacilliform, weakly curved, 7.5–10 × 1 µm; leptoconidia filamentous, curved and short, 8–11 × 1–1.5 µm; mesoconidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Isousnic acid, ± usnic acid. Neousnic acid, and rarely atranorin and zeorin was reported to be produced by L. saligna by van den Boom and Brand (2008). Presence of atranorin and zeorin has so far not been detected by us in L. saligna .</p><p>Substrate: Corticolous and lignicolous.</p><p>Ecology: Present in diverse habitats like forests of Picea and Abies, Pseudotsuga and Juniperus or open urban to semiurban areas, where it is often found growing on worked wood such as fences and posts, between sea level and ca. 1250 m alt. van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008) reported specimens collected in Russia up to 1600 m elevation. Printzen (2001) reported L. saligna occurring up to 3170 m alt. in the eastern part of the Sonoran Desert Region in North America.</p><p>Distribution: Widely distributed across Europe, also present in North America</p><p>Notes: Lecanoropsis saligna is a fairly plastic species that can be confused with several other taxa from the genus. L. saligna differs from L. albellula by having shorter (7–8 µm), crescent shaped non-septate macroconidia, whereas L. albellula can produce longer (7–12 µm), reniform, 1–3 septate macroconidia. Both taxa produce isousnic acid as major metabolite but L. albellula may produce usnic acid as major metabolite, and more rarely pseudoplacodiolic acid (trace to minor), while L. saligna only rarely produces usnic acid as minor accessory. Lecanoropsis saligna has larger (0.3–0.85 mm) and darker discs with a typical red-brown hue. In contrast, the apothecia of L. albellula (0.21–0.35 mm) are smaller and paler, commonly beige to light brown.</p><p>Young or poorly developed apothecia of L. saligna can resemble apothecia of L. subsaligna, but these species can be differentiated by L. saligna producing smaller eseptate macroconidia, (macroconidia in L. subsaligna are U-shaped, 20–25 µm long, 1–3 septate), having overall darker discs, and a higher subhymenial layers [65–160(–220) µm vs. 40–50(–55) µm in L. subsaligna].</p><p>Lecanoropsis saligna can resemble L. quercicola, but L. quercicola produces slightly larger macroconidia (8.5– 9·3 × 2.7–3 µm), has shallower subhymenial layers (60–100 µm) and different epihymenial pigment reactions (N– in L. quercicola and N+ orange-red in L. saligna). Differences between L. saligna, L. iapyx and L. micans are discussed under Notes of the latter species.</p><p>The lectotype of Parmelia sarcopis (UPS L-153267), a synonym of Lecanora saligna, fits accurately within the circumscription of Lecanoropsis saligna presented here. However, it also has what appears to be guttulae in the hymenium and in the subhymenium, a character that has otherwise been observed usually only in L. anopta, L. anoptizodes and L. pseudosarcopidoides . Spore width and elevational preferences of L. saligna as reported by Printzen (2001) differ from those given above. Reanalysis of a number of specimens studied by Printzen (2001) confirmed that some belonged to L. saligna (several collected at elevations above 1600 m) while others belonged to L. iapyx . It can be concluded that European specimens of L. saligna prefer lower elevations, but in North America, L. saligna is not restricted to lowlands and can be found in montane regions between 1500–3000 m.</p><p>A neotype for Lecanoropsis saligna is chosen and designated here because the holotype is probably lost. The specimen was selected, because it was collected reasonably close to the type locality, is rich in apothecia, displays the typical characters of L. saligna and, above all, because sequence data for all seven loci used in our phylogenetic analysis is present.</p><p>Selected specimens studied: CANADA. Northwest Territories: Mackenzie District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-129.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=68.46667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -129.61667/lat 68.46667)">Crossley Lakes</a>, 68°28’ N 129°37’ W, 13 July 1966, G. W. Scotter 8337a (H9232519) ; Ontario: Welland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.183334/lat 52.9)">Port Colborne</a>, 52°54’ N 79°11’ W, 27 June 1978, P. Y. Wong, K. Wong &amp; D. Wong 2616 (H9232521) ; CZECH REPUBLIC. Jihočeský kraj: Stožec, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.858365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.861057" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.858365/lat 48.861057)">Černý Kříž</a>, yard of game-keeper’s house, 740 m alt., 48°51.6634’ N 13°51.5019’ E, 14 July 2016, Z. Palice 21284 (FR-0362773, FR-0362774, PRA), Lecanomics Code: 241, 572 ; Moravia, Nové Město, secus viam inter pagos Křídla et Branišov, 580 m, May 1950 Vězda, Lich. Rar. Exs. 366 (M) ; GERMANY. Bayern: Freyung-Grafenau, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.468369&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.945835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.468369/lat 48.945835)">Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald</a>, 1089 m alt., 48°56.7501’ N 13°28.1021’ E, 08 December 2017, S. Kern TS3-17 - 4 (FR-0362775), Lecanomics Code: 202 ; 1117 m alt., 48°56.7720’ N 13°28.0850’ E, 08 December 2017, S. Kern TS3-12 - 22 (FR-0183022), Lecanomics Code: 203; 1041 m alt., 48°56.3320’ N 13°28.6599’ E, 08 December 2017, S. Kern TS4-48 - 7 (FR-0362776), Lecanomics Code: 205; 1049 m alt., 48°56.3509’ N 13°28.6539’ E, 06 November 2017, S. Kern TS4-55 - 12 (FR-0362777), Lecanomics Code: 207; Schleswig-Holstein: Kiel, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.126063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.34313" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.126063/lat 54.34313)">Nordfriedhof</a>, 37 m alt., 54°20.5877’ N 10°7.5638’ E, 29 September 2019, C. Dolnik 4234 (FR-0362778), Lecanomics Code: 491 ; RUSSIA. Krasnoyarsk Krai: Yenisey River, Polovinka, 15 September 1876, M. Brenner 496h (H9232520) ; U.S.A. Arizona: Apache Co., Mt. Baldy Wilderness, along trail from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.5/lat 33.933334)">Phelp’s Cabin</a> to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.5/lat 33.933334)">Mt. Baldy</a>, ca. 2960 m, 33º56’ N 109º30’ W, 30 September 1997, T. H. Nash III 39371 (ASU) ; Coconino Co., Grand Canyon Nat. For., top of Grandview Trail, 14 December 1974, T. H. Nash III 10536 (ASU) ; Grand Canyon Nat. For., top of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.98333/lat 36.0)">Grandview Trail</a>, 2160 m, 36°00’ N 111°59’ W, 10 July 1994, T. H. Nash III 35600 (ASU) ; Yavapai Co., 7 miles NW of Prescott, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.53333/lat 34.633335)">Granite Basin Recreation Area</a>, oak-juniper oakland, 1767 m (5800 ft), 34°38’ N 112°32’ W, 22 February 1976, T. H. Nash III 12726 (ASU) ; California: Los Angeles Co., Los Angeles Nat. For., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.0/lat 34.3)">Survey</a> 4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.0/lat 34.3)">Mt. Mooney Road</a>, at major switchback, 1660 m, 34º18’ N 118º00’ W, 11 October 1989, B. Ryan 26192 (ASU) ; Survey 8, behind (below) Eagles Roost Sand Shed, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.88333/lat 34.366665)">Hwy</a> 2, 1975 m, 34º22’ N 117º53’ W, 13 October 1989, B. Ryan s. n. (ASU) ; San Gabriel Wilderness, Survey 24, trail from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.933334/lat 34.283333)">Windy Gap</a> parking area E along ridgetop, 1475 m, 34º17’ N 117º56’ W, 13 October 1989, B. Ryan 26447 &amp; 26475 (ASU) ; Transverse Range, San Gabriel Mountains, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.83989&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.421333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.83989/lat 34.421333)">Big Rock Creek</a>, 1233 m alt., 34°25’16.8”N 117°50’23.6” W, 5 February 2002, K. Knudsen &amp; E. Tripp 14606.2 (H9232517) ; San Bernardino Co., Santa Ana River Valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.18428&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.09383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.18428/lat 34.09383)">Wooly Star Preserve</a> along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.18428&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.09383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.18428/lat 34.09383)">Orange Street</a> (Yucaipa 7.5’), 372 m alt., 34°5.6297’ N 117°11.0567’ W. 07 February 2011, K. Knudsen, N. Pietrasiak &amp; E. Hessom 13502 (NY-1220741) Lecanomics Code: 283 ; New Mexico: San Juan Co., 2682 m (8800 ft), 36º30’ N 108º59’ W, 14 July 1974, J. Marsh &amp; D. Rankert 370 (ASU); Utah: San Juan Co., top of Navaho Mt., 3170 m (10400 ft), 17 August 1972, T. H. Nash III 5190 (ASU) ; Oregon: Curry Co. Parking lot near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.37435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.20497" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.37435/lat 42.20497)">Arch Rock</a>, on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.37435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.20497" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.37435/lat 42.20497)">Highway</a> 101, top of cliffs above the ocean, 53 m alt., 42° 12.2982’ N 124°22.4610’ W. 21 May 2014, B. McCune 34716 (FR-0362779; hb. McCune) Lecanomics Code: 268 ; South Dakota: Fall River, 1136 m alt., 06 July 1961 C. M. Wetmore 10687 (H9232516) ; Wyoming: Crook Co, Black Hills, 1630 m alt., 15 August 1960, C. M. Wetmore 9685 (H9232518) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF86C157338BF93BFB21FA3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF84C159338BF98AFC16FF0B.text	039387EFFF84C159338BF98AFC16FF0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis sarcopidoides (Ivanovich & Printzen 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis sarcopidoides (A. Massal.) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 14C &amp; D.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847155</p><p>Basionym: Biatora sarcopidoides A. Massal., Ric. auton. lich. crost. (Verona): 128 (1852; as sarcopisioides).</p><p>Type:— ITALY, Verona, 1851, A. Massal., Anzi, Lich. Rar. Veneti 61 (as Biatora sarcopisoides A. Massal.; M — lectotype designated by Van den Boom &amp; Brand 2008; FR-0078426!— isolectotype) .</p><p>Synonyms: Lecanora metaboloides Nyl. (1872: 250) — GERMANY. Bayern: Oberbayern. An Eichenpfosten des Hirschparkzaunes bei Eichstätt, 1860, Arnold, Lich. Exs. Lich. Jur. 708 (FR-0078423!).</p><p>Lecanora sarcopidoides (A. Massal.) Hedl. (1892: 47; as sarcopisoides).</p><p>Lecanora sarcopidoides (A. Massal.) Hedl. var. hypnophaga Poelt (1957: 388) — GERMANY. Bayern: Oberbayern, Isarwinkelgebirge, zwischen Benediktbeuern und der Kohlstattalpe, 900 m alt., May 1957, Poelt, Lich. Alp. 36 (M— holotype; L-204991— isotype).</p><p>Lecanoropsis sarcopidoides (A. Massal.) M. Choisy (1949: 143; as sarcopisoides) nom. illeg. (See under Lecanoropsis in p. 14).</p><p>Thallus mainly endosubstratal, rarely episubstratal, when episubstratal, effuse and amorphous, grey with a tinge of yellow or green to greyish brown. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded, forming small to large groups that densely cover the substrate, usually sessile, rarely appressed, (0.22–)0.37–0.61(–0.71) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc flat to convex, light brown to almost black, often with greyish, blueish or violaceous hues, matte, with a white coarse pruina, often becoming epruinose in old apothecia. Apothecial margin of variable thickness, smooth but more often looking somewhat ragged, excluded in old apothecia. (0.02–)0.03–0.04(–0.05) mm wide. Whitish to beige. Amphithecium algal layer usually reaching near the upper edge of the apothecia, typically with golden-dark brown granules. Amphithecial cortex more or less even, heavily gelatinized, uncommonly with golden-dark brown granules, (15–)20–34(–39) µm wide laterally, (15–)22–27(–32) µm wide basally, hyaline, rarely pigmented faint yellow-brown on the outer edge. Parathecium sometimes present, hyaline to faint yellow-brown, 20–35 µm. Epihymenium hyaline, sometimes with yellow to faint brown patches of an unknown brown or yellow pigment (see Notes below), commonly without granules, rarely covered with golden-brown granules that dissolve in KOH. Hymenium hyaline, sometimes with yellow patches, (30–)35–40(–45) µm high. Subhymenial layers hyaline, (45–)65–85(–95) µm. Paraphyses simple, rarely branching and anastomosing, ca. 1.5–2 µm wide, apices weakly capitate, ca. 2–3.5 µm wide, apical gel sheath ca. 3.5–5.5 µm wide, sometimes pigmented brown at the apex. Spores narrowly ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (6.0–)7.2– 9.5(–10.0) × (2.5–)3.2–3.6(–4.5) µm. Conidia: Microconidia bacilliform, 7–8 × 1.0–1.3 µm. Other types of conidia were not found by us, but van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008) reported the presence of mesoconidia and leptoconidia: “ mesoconidia ellipsoid, 2.7–3.7(–4.1) × (1.1–)1.3–1.7 µm, leptoconidia slightly to strongly curved, ca. 19 × 0.7 µm”.</p><p>Chemistry: Pseudoplacodiolic acid.</p><p>Substrate: Mainly on hard wood (sometimes also on bark) of conifers, and on fence posts.</p><p>Ecology: L. sarcopidoides prefers well-lit subalpine to montane forests, mainly with Pinus but is also found on Larix, Picea, and Quercus . Between sea level and 950 m alt.</p><p>Distribution Central Europe. Also reported from the British Isles, Sweden and Western North America.</p><p>Notes: Lecanoropsis sarcopidoides has several uncommon features within Lecanoropsis: it sometimes produces dark blue-violet (due to the pruina), subglobose, apothecia that may appear biatorine and produces a pruina that can become so coarse that it obscures the coloration of the disc. In addition, the species produces pseudoplacodiolic acid, a metabolite also found in L. austrocascadensis, and rarely produced by L. albellula and L. subravida, which, respectively, produce isousnic acid and usnic acid as major metabolites.</p><p>Lecanoropsis sarcopidoides can be differentiated from L. albellula by the presence of reniform macroconidia in L. albellula, whereas L. sarcopidoides doesn’t seem to produce macroconidia. Also, the apothecia of L. albellula are smaller, but with higher subhymenial layers [72–103(–130) µm] and hymenium [43–62(–68) µm]. Spores of L. albellula are on average wider (3.7–7.0 µm) and may be longer (up to 15.3 µm).</p><p>Underdeveloped apothecia of Lecanoropsis subravida may resemble young apothecia of L. sarcopidoides, but L. subravida produces crescent-shaped macroconidia. In addition, the amphithecial cortex in L. subravida gets conspicuously widened basally (up to 91 µm, with in extreme cases 116 µm), whereas the amphithecial cortex in L. sarcopidoides measures 22–27(–32) µm.</p><p>L. sarcopidoides and L. subintricata can be challenging to differentiate (for more details, see notes under L. subintricata). The faint brown-yellow epihymenial pigment of L. sarcopidoides, reacts N+ red and sordid yellow-orange to brown with subsequent application of K. This character can be useful to differentiate some specimens from L. subintricata whose epihymenium contains a mixture of Cinereorufa -green and Superba -brown (N+ red-brown, K+ weak dull brown soon vanishing in HCl, see Table 4).A similar epihymenial pigment reaction found in L. sarcopidoides was observed in pigmented specimens of L. albellula (see Notes under L. albellula), with slight differences in the N reaction: in L. sarcopidoides it is strong cherry red; in L. albellula brownish-red (Table 4).</p><p>A surprising outlier is the specimen UPS L-204991, L. “sarcopisoides ” var. hypnophaga, which grows on moss. This substrate choice is unique, as all the other taxa of Lecanoropsis prefer either wood or bark.</p><p>The spelling mistake in the basionym Biatora “sarcopisioides” Massalongo was corrected by Santesson (1984), where he uses the more appropriate spelling “ sarcopidoides ” for Caloplaca sarcopidoides (Körber) Zahlbruckner (1901: 346), and Lecanora sarcopidoides . A commentary of the misspelling was published by Nimis &amp; Poelt (1987) under Caloplaca sarcopidoides notes, supporting Santesson´s correction.</p><p>Selected specimens studied: CZECH REPUBLIC. Jihočeský kraj: Šumava Mts, Stožec, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.858613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.861134" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.858613/lat 48.861134)">Černý Kříž</a>, 740 m alt., 48°51.6681’ N 13°51.5168’ E, 14 July 2016, Z. Palice 21295 (FR-0362780; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 242 ; South Bohemia: Šumava Mts, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.819243&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.920338" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.819243/lat 48.920338)">Volary</a>: nature reserve “Velká Niva” - W part, 750 m alt., 48°55.2202’ N 13°49.1546’ E, 20 August 2019, Z. Palice 27894 (FR-0362781; FR-0362782; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 574 ; 585; GERMANY. Baden-Württemberg: Freudenstadt, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.442942&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.46438" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.442942/lat 48.46438)">Schwarzwald</a>, 950 m alt., 48°27.8626’ N 8°26.5765’ E, 29 September 2019, V. Wirth &amp; Z. Palice (Z. Palice 27835) (FR-0362783), Lecanomics Code: 570 ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: Vorpommern- Greifswald, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.297775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.60943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.297775/lat 53.60943)">Hintersee</a>, 25 m alt., 53°36.5657’ N 14°17.8665’ E, 16 May 2012, U. Schiefelbein 3272 (FR-0362784), Lecanomics Code: 663 ; SLOVAKIA. Banskobystrický kraj: Okres Revúca. W Carpathians. Muránska planina plateau: nature reserve <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.034384&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.76203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.034384/lat 48.76203)">Poludnica</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.034384&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.76203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.034384/lat 48.76203)">Klin.</a> 842 m alt., 48°45.7218’ N 20°2.0630’ E, 10 October 2019, A. Guttová, J. Halda &amp; Z. Palice 27751 (FR-0362785; FR-0183018; PRA) Lecanomics Code: 565 ; 573.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF84C159338BF98AFC16FF0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF88C15C338BF961FDC1FB60.text	039387EFFF88C15C338BF961FDC1FB60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis subcinctula (Ivanovich & Printzen 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis subcinctula (Nyl.) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 14E &amp; F.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847156</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora subcinctula Nyl. Lich. Japon.: 46 (1890).</p><p>Type:— JAPAN. Honshu: Shizuoka Prefecture, Mount Fuji (as Itchigome), 1879, E.Almquist s.n. (H-NYL 26656= H 9506878!— lectotype, here designated).</p><p>Thallus endosubstratal. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded, single to forming small groups, sessile, (0.42–)0.43–0.48(–0.59) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc flat to convex, pale beige to brown, rarely greyish, matte to weakly glossy, epruinose. Apothecial margin thin, smooth and continuous, darkening and becoming excluded in old apothecia, sometimes glossy, (0.01–)0.02–0.05(–0.07) mm wide. Beige, concolorous with the disc or with slightly different hue, either paler or darker than the disc. Amphithecium algal layer confined to the mid-portion of the amphithecium, granules golden-brown usually present only in the cortex laterally and in outer edge down to the base. Amphithecial cortex conspicuously even and uniform throughout, gelatinized to heavily gelatinized, (26–)32– 53(–67) µm wide laterally, (30–)36–44(–58) µm wide basally, commonly showing brown pigmentation all the way to the base, rarely hyaline. Parathecium indistinct. Epihymenium hyaline to pale golden or yellowish brown, unknown yellow pigment, K-, N- and fully dissolves in HCl; thin layer of golden-brown granules on top. Hymenium hyaline, not inspersed by granules, (30–)35–40(–45) µm high. Subhymenial layers hyaline, composed of loose hyphae, (60–)85– 95(–110) µm high. Paraphyses simple, rarely branched and anastomosing, 1.5–2 µm wide, apices weakly capitate, ca. 2 µm wide, apical gel sheath 2.5–3.5 µm wide. Spores narrowly ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (10.0–)11.9–12.1(–15.5) × (2.5–)3.0–3.1(–3.5) µm. Conidia not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Usnic acid.</p><p>Substrate: Lignicolous, studied specimens were collected on a fence post and on a Larix snag.</p><p>Ecology: Mixed deciduous forests.</p><p>Distribution: So far only known from Japan.</p><p>Notes: Its uniform and even amphithecial cortex is a conspicuous character of this species. It could be confused with epruinose specimens of L. albellula, L. subintricata, L. subsaligna or L. omissa . However, L. subcinctula produces usnic acid, whereas L. albellula and L. subsaligna produce isousnic acid. Moreover, the amphithecial cortex of L. subsaligna is less uniform than that of L. subcinctula, which is not pigmentated down to the base in L. subsaligna . Lecanoropsis subcinctula has a thinner apothecial margin [0.02–0.05(–0.07) mm] than L. subintricata [0.05–0.08 (–0.1) mm] that is concolorous with the disc or becomes darker with age, while in L. subintricata it is usually paler than the disc. In addition, the epihymenial pigment of L. subcinctula does not react to N, whereas in L. subintricata it reacts N + red-brown and can produce streaks of Cinereorufa -green, a pigment absent in L. subcinctula . Finally, L. subcinctula produces longer and narrower ascospores (10.0–15.5 × 2.5–3.5 µm) than L. subintricata (5.0–12.0 × 2.5–6.0 µm).</p><p>Selected specimens studied: JAPAN. Tochigi Prefecture: Nikko City, Nikko National Park, 1.2 km SSE of Yumoto village (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.43024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.79485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.43024/lat 36.79485)">Yumoto</a> onsen), parking lot at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.43024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.79485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.43024/lat 36.79485)">Yutaki</a> waterfall, 1394 m alt., 36°47.6909’ N 139°25.8140’ E, 28 September 2019, C. Printzen 15192 (FR-0267107), Lecanomics Code: 595 ; 5.2 km ESE of Yumoto village (Yumoto onsen), the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.48209&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.799217" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.48209/lat 36.799217)">Utsunomiya University Forest</a>, 1620 m alt., 36°47.9531’ N 139°28.9250’ E, 29 September 2019, C. Printzen 15286 (FR-0267108), Lecanomics Code: 596</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF88C15C338BF961FDC1FB60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF8FC15E338BFB4BFDB9F8DA.text	039387EFFF8FC15E338BFB4BFDB9F8DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis subintricata (Ivanovich & Printzen 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis subintricata (Nyl.) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 14A &amp; B, 17D &amp; E.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847157</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora varia var. subintricata Nyl., Flora 51: 478 (1868).</p><p>Type: — RUSSIA: Kola, super corticem Betulae, 1863, Fellman, Lich. Arct. Coll. 133) (H-NYL 26661= H 9506877!— holotype).</p><p>Synonyms: Lecanora subintricata (Nyl.) Th. Fries (1871: 265) .</p><p>Lecanoropsis subintricata (Nyl.) M. Choisy (1949: 143), nom. illeg. (see Notes under Lecanoropsis in p. 14).</p><p>Thallus often endosubstratal, rarely episubstratal. When episubstratal, thallus effuse and amorphous, whitish grey to grey with or without a yellow hue, rarely brown or dark brown. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded, usually single or in small groups, appressed to sessile, (0.24–)0.34–0.61(–0.63) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc weakly concave to flat, rarely weakly convex, typically pale grey to greyish, more rarely pale yellow to beige or ochre, darkening into dark grey, matte to rarely glossy in older apothecia, epruinose to occasionally finely to coarsely white pruinose. Apothecial margin prominent, usually persistent but sometimes disappearing in older, convex apothecia, (0.03–)0.05–0.08 (–0.1) mm wide. Pale yellow to yellowish beige. Amphithecium rarely with golden-dark brown granules, which are mostly restricted to the algal layer or the outer edge of the cortex. Amphithecial cortex thick, more or less even, heavily gelatinized (19–)25–50(–58) µm wide laterally, (19–)29–48(–59) µm wide basally, hyaline. Parathecium indistinct. Epihymenium hyaline or pale to golden-brown or brown, some specimens with greenish spots, due to a mixture of Cinereorufa green and Superba brown, sometimes with an epipsamma of golden-brown granules, rarely streaking into the hymenium. Hymenium hyaline, (30–)35–45(–50) µm high. Subhymenial layers hyaline, (35–)50–145(–175) µm high. Paraphyses simple, rarely branching and anastomosing, ca. 1.5–2 µm wide, apices weakly capitate, ca. 2–3.5 µm wide, apical gel sheath ca. 2.5–3.5 µm wide. Spores ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (5.0–)6.3–9.6(– 12.0) × (2.5–)3.2–4.2(–6.0) µm. Conidia: Microconidia long-bacilliform, 6–7 × 1–1.5 µm; mesoconidia ellipsoid, short-cylindrical, 2.8–3.3 × 2–2.5 µm (van den Boom &amp; Brand, 2008); macroconidia and leptoconidia conidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Usnic acid. Brialmontin 1 was reported by van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008), and isousnic acid by Printzen (2001). Only usnic acid was detected in our samples by TLC.</p><p>Substrate: Usually on wood (rarely bark) of Picea, Quercus and Betula . Also, on worked wood such as fence posts.</p><p>Ecology: In subalpine to montane forest. Also found in subarctic biomes between 740–2300 m alt. Printzen (2001) reports specimens collected at elevations up to 3500 m alt. in Arizona and New Mexico, U.S.A.</p><p>Distribution: Circumboreal, found in central Europe, Fennoscandia, the Caucasus region and Japan. Also present in the western U.S.A.</p><p>Notes: Lecanoropsis subintricata is characterized by its uniformly rounded, usually flat apothecia with prominent, smooth, yellowish margins and the presence of usnic acid. Extreme phenotypes of L. subintricata, however, may possess a thin and discontinuous margin, and a weakly convex ochre to brownish disc. These morphs may be confused with L. sarcopidoides, which sometimes grows intermixed with L. subintricata, but L. sarcopidoides produces pseudoplacodiolic acid, while L. subintricata produces usnic acid. In addition, L. sarcopidoides has a whitish rather than yellowish margin that is mostly poorly developed, of ragged appearance and often disappearing with age. Apothecial discs of L. subintricata have a finely granulose pruina or are epruinose, whereas those of L. sarcopidoides usually have a coarse whitish pruina if the apothecia are not too old.</p><p>Selected specimens studied: AUSTRIA. Salzburg: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.862241&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.200245" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.862241/lat 47.200245)">Tamsweg</a>, ca. 1900 m alt., 47°12.0148’ N 13°51.73442’ E, 01 September 2019, C. Ivanovich &amp; L. Weber LUN19 (FR-0362786), Lecanomics Code: 505 ; ca. 1700 m alt., 47° 10.1670’ N 13°54.8289’ E, 02 September 2019, C. Ivanovich &amp; L. Weber LUN26 (FR-0362787), Lecanomics Code: 507; CZECH REPUBLIC. Jihočeský kraj: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.857028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.77464" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.857028/lat 48.77464)">Prachatice</a>, 1248 m, 48°46.4784’ N 13°51.4217’ E, 07 July 2017, Z. Palice 21287 (FR-0362788; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 236 ; Stožec, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.858452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.86108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.858452/lat 48.86108)">Černý Kříž</a>, 740 m alt., 48°51.6647’ N 13°51.5071’ E, 08 August 2017, Z. Palice 14449, 14450 &amp; C. Printzen (FR-0261121, FR-0261122; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 237, 11 ; 740 m alt., 48°51.6681’ N 13°51.5168’ E, 14 July 2016, Z. Palice 21295 (FR-0362780; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 243; FINLAND. Enontekiö: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.751688&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=69.06434" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.751688/lat 69.06434)">Kilpisjärvi</a>, 550 m alt., 69º 3.8602 N, 20º 45.1013 E, L. Weber 13–2021 01.08.2021 (H) Lecanomics code 1496 ; GERMANY. Bayern: Freyung-Grafenau, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.46751&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.946335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.46751/lat 48.946335)">Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald</a>, 1091 m alt., 48°56.78’ N 13°28.0506’ E, 26 August 2017, S. Kern TS3-7 - 7 (FR-0279002) Lecanomics Code: 201 ; 1078 m alt., 48°56.7421’ N 13°28.1429’ E, 08 December 2017, S. Kern TS3-38 - 6 (FR-0362790), Lecanomics Code: 209; 1103 m alt., 48°56.7652’ N 13°28.1377’ E, 08 December 2017, S. Kern TS3-52 - 6 (FR-0362791), Lecanomics Code: 216; 1096 m alt., 48°56.7611’ N 13°28.1754’ E, 08 December 2017, S. Kern TS3-47 - 14 (FR-0362792), Lecanomics Code: 210; 1089 m alt., 48°56.7605’ N 13°28.1591’ E, 02 September 2017, S. Kern TS3-55 - 6 (FR-0362793), Lecanomics Code: 218; 1092 m alt., 48°56.803’ N 13° 28.1030’ E, 28 August 2017, S. Kern TS4-24 - 5 (FR-0362794), Lecanomics Code: 229; 1028 m alt., 48°56.351’ N 13º 28.6590’E, 08 September 2017, S. Kern TS4-51 - 6 (FR-0362795), Lecanomics Code: 230; JAPAN. Gunma Prefecture: Katashina-mura, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.37624&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.82087" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.37624/lat 36.82087)">Nikko National Park</a>, 1760 m alt., 36°49.2521’ N 139°22.5740’ E, 02 October 2019, C. Printzen 15562 (FR-0267116), Lecanomics Code: 604 ; Tochigi Prefecture: Nikko City administrative region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.49347&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.77025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.49347/lat 36.77025)">Nikko National Park</a>, 2300 m alt., 36°46.2149’ N 139°29.6080’ E, 01 October 2019, C. Printzen 15515 (FR-0267112), Lecanomics Code: 600 ; RUSSIA. Krasnodar Krai: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.469727&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.972496" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.469727/lat 43.972496)">Maykopsky District</a>, 2070 m alt., 43°58.3498’ N 40°28.1836’ E, 13 September 2018, V. Otte 54753 (GLM) Lecanomics Code: 292 ; 43° 58.3498’ N 40° 28.1836’ E, 13 September 2018, V. Otte 54754 (GLM) Lecanomics Code: 293; SWEDEN. Dalarna: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.211793&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=62.033504" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.211793/lat 62.033504)">Särna</a>, 900 m alt., 62°2.0102’ N 13°12.7076’ E, 16 October 2015, J. Hermansson 19599 (UPS L-767683), Lecanomics Code: 258 ; 920 m alt., 62°2.046’ N 13°12.54’ E, 16 October 2015, J. Hermansson 19606 (UPS L-767688), Lecanomics Code: 263; U.S.A. Nevada: Lincoln Co., 2200 m alt., 37°33.0’ N 115°45.6’ W, 26 May 2016, J. Hollinger 12126a (FR-0362798), Lecanomics Code: 976; 2325 m alt., 37°54.18’ N 114°33.6’ W, 02 June 2016, J. Hollinger 12721 (FR-0362799), Lecanomics Code: 980; 2210 m alt., 37°27.402’ N 114°26.814’ W, 03 June 2018, J. Hollinger 21739 (FR-0362801), Lecanomics Code: 999; 2540 m alt., 37°58.74’ N 115°6.24’ W, 03 August 2019, J. Hollinger 22817 (FR-0362802), Lecanomics Code: 1002; Utah: Garfield Co., 2650 m alt., 37°49.44’ N 111°53.94’ W, 05 May 2017, J. Hollinger 17296 (FR-0362803), Lecanomics Code: 989 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF8FC15E338BFB4BFDB9F8DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF8DC140338BF8AAFE78FB1A.text	039387EFFF8DC140338BF8AAFE78FB1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis subravida (Ivanovich & Printzen 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis subravida (Nyl.) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 13C &amp; D, 16D.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847158</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora subravida Nyl., Flora 55: 250 (1872).</p><p>Type:— SWITZERLAND, Schaerer, Lich. Helv. Exs. Ed. I 544 (M — lectotype, designated by van den Boom &amp; Brand, 2008; as Parmelia varia β sarcopis; not studied) .</p><p>Thallus episubstratal, rarely endosubstratal, effuse, smooth to warted or granulose and uneven, whitish, pale brown or greyish brown to beige. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded to polygonal or deformed, commonly single and scattered or forming small groups, (0.50–)0.54–0.76(–0.85) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc weakly concave to flat, rarely weakly convex, light brown to ochre to very dark brown or black, normally matte, rarely weakly glossy, epruinose to finely white pruinose. Apothecial margin thick, smooth to subrugose, continuous and raised in young apothecia, in old apothecia persistent, but receding unevenly forming hemispherical warts giving it a knobbly appearance, (0.04–)0.06–0.15(–0.2) mm wide. White or whitish-beige. Amphithecium algal layer almost reaching the surface, separating the hymenium from the amphithecial cortex. Rarely with golden-brown granules accumulating in the algal layer and in the inner edge of the cortex. Amphithecial cortex thin to ecorticated at the top and the side of the apothecia, where the algal layer reaches the edge, becoming very thick at the base, heavily gelatinized, (16–)18–33(–40) µm wide laterally, (33–)56–91(–116) µm wide basally, hyaline. Parathecium narrow, hyaline. Epihymenium faint brown to brown due to an unknown brown pigment (see Notes below; see Table 4), rarely hyaline, usually with a thin to very thick golden-brown epipsamma on top, that normally streaks into the hymenium; rarely with a thick continuous layer of gel on top of the paraphysis tips. Hymenium hyaline, inspersed with granules, (45–)50–60(– 70) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, inspersed with granules from hymenium, very rarely with large golden-brown crystals, or with needle-shaped crystals, (60–)110–165(–250) µm. Paraphyses commonly branching, very rarely anastomosing, 1.5–2 µm wide, apices irregularly capitate, some specimens have weakly capitated paraphyses, other specimens with conspicuously widened apices, apices 2–3.5 µm wide, gel sheath at apices 2.5–5 µm wide. Spores ellipsoid to suborbicular, simple, hyaline, (7.5–)8.5–11.9(–13.5) × (3.5–)4.8–5.8(–7.0) µm. Conidia: Macroconidia crescent-shape, 9–10 × 3.5–4 µm. Other types of conidia were not found by us, but van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008) reported the presence of microconidia and leptoconidia in addition to macroconidia: “ microconidia curved, 7–8 × 0.8 µm, leptoconidia curved, ca. 10.8–11 × 0.7–0.9 µm”.</p><p>Chemistry: Usnic (major) and isousnic acid (major/minor to trace or absent), ±pseudoplacodiolic (trace) and squamatic acid (only in a single specimen). Placodiolic acid was reported by van den Boom and Brand (2008). The last substance was detected by us through HPLC, but not by TLC.</p><p>Substrate: Commonly lignicolous, but also found growing on bark.</p><p>Ecology: Studied specimens were found in mixed montane and subalpine conifer and broad-leaved forests, between 540–2420 m altitude. van den Boom and Brand (2008) reported a specimen collected at 475 m alt.</p><p>Distribution: The Caucasus region and Northern Iran, Central and Western North America, Central and Northern Europe (possibly extinct in Germany, declared as Critically Endangered for the Czech Republic in Malíček, 2023); and only recently reported from Scandinavia (Svensson et al., 2024).</p><p>Notes: This is a conspicuous species among Lecanoropsis, which can be distinguished by its amphithecial cortex that is very thin near the hymenium, but becoming much wider at the base, similarly like in the amphithecial cortex in L. coracina . L. coracina however produces consistently Cinereorufa -green in the epihymenium, whereas in L. subravida, an undescribed brown epihymenial pigment was detected which does not seem to fit any of the pigments described by Meyer and Printzen (2000) and Orange et al. (2001) (Table 4).</p><p>Many morpho-chemical characters obtained from the specimens labelled as L. coniferarum coincides and overlaps with those of L. subravida, including thallus morphology, apothecial size, colour, form, margins, internal anatomy, as well as macroconidia of the same size and roughly the same shape. This comparison also took into consideration the description of L. subravida by van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008). Synonymization of Lecanoropsis coniferarum with Lecanoropsis subravida was originally considered by us. Recently, however, Svensson et al. (2024) published a phylogenetic analysis focused on L. subravida from Sweden, using also sequences from the Caucasus, Iran and North America published by Ivanovich et al. (2021) and concluded that L. subravida includes more than one species. In the light of this new information, we prefer to keep L. coniferarum and L. subravida as separate entities.</p><p>Selected specimens studied: IRAN. Mazandaran Province: Nur county, ca 31 km along Baladeh-Royan Road, ca. 2.5 km towards Sang-e-no village, ca. 1670 m alt., 36°23.2140’ N 51°52.3830’ E, 30 July 2018, M. Sohrabi &amp; C. Printzen 14917 (FR-0362804; ICH), Lecanomics Code: 166; Golestan Province: Kordkuy county, ca 30 km along Kordkuy-Derazno Road, ca. 2.5 km from Derazno village towards TV Station, ca. 2420 m alt., 36°39.6961’ N 54° 7.7480’ E, 01 August 2018, M. Sohrabi &amp; C. Printzen 15010 (FR-0362805; ICH), Lecanomics Code: 167; GERMANY. Bayern, Am morschen Holze alter Fichtenstrünke im Walde nördlich von Hohenbrunn bei München. 13 May 1888, Arnold, Lich. Exs. 1384 (FR-0050699); alter Fichtenstrunk im Walde östlich zwischen Gauting und Mühlthal, 18 August 1889, Arnold, Lich. Monac. Exs. 32 (FR-0050709); MEXICO. Baja California del Norte: Guadalupe Isl., near the northern peak on ridge, In open Cupressus forest, on Cupressus guadalupensis, 1250 m, 29.0944 N 118.3111 W, 02 January 1996, T. H. Nash III 38324 (ASU-L 005788); C. Wetmore 75836 (MIN-877305); RUSSIA. Adygea: Maykopsky District, ca. 6.5 km S of village Guzeripl, Mt. Abago, 1720 m, 43°56.1667’ N 40°8.8069’ E, 12 June 2016, Z. Palice 22535 (FR-0362806; PRA) Lecanomics Code: 578; 2070 m alt., 43°58.3582’ N 40°28.1584’ E, 14 September 2018, V. Otte 60014 (GLM) Lecanomics Code: 1114; Krasnodar Krai: Maykopsky District, 2070 m alt., 43°58.3498’ N 40°28.1836’ E, 13 September 2018, V. Otte 54344 (GLM) Lecanomics Code: 291; U.S.A. Arizona: Apache Co., Apache Nat. For., Mount Baldy Wilderness area, trail from Phelp’s cabin along East Fork of Little Colorado River, on Abies, 3000 m, 33.925 N 109.517 W, 01 July 1990, B. Ryan &amp; T. H. Nash III 26877 (ASU); B. Ryan &amp; T. H. Nash III 26899 (ASU); Green Mt., on dead Pseudotsuga, 3080 m, 34.1167 N 109.5833 W, 26 July 1973, T. H. Nash III 7751-a (ASU-L 008159); Cochise Co., trail from Rustler’s Park to summit of Fly’s Peak, Chiricahua Mountains, W of Portal, spruce-fir zone, 2591–3048 m, 31.88 N 109.23 W, 18 April 1957, W. A. Weber &amp; S. Shushan 14102 (COLO L-0020728); Huachuca Mts., N-side of Carr Peak, on dead wood, 2286 m, 31.4167 N 110.25 W, 14 September 1976, T. H. Nash III 14520 (ASU-L 008181); W side San Francisco Peaks, near the road to Snow Bowl, on Pseudotsuga menziesii, 2680 m, 35.3333 N 111.7 W, 14 July 1973, T. H. Nash III 7490 (COLO L-0020722); San Francisco Peaks, Agassiz Peak, above Snow Bowl, NW slope, on wood, 3200 m, 35.3333 N 111.6833 W, 29 September 1981, V. Wirth 10998 &amp; T. H. Nash III (ASU); Gila Co., Mogollon Rim, NE end of Pine Canyon ca. 7 km NNE of Pine, dense forest of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies lasiocarpa, Pinus strobiformis, Acer grandidentum, on Pseudotsuga menziesii, 2000 m, 34.4417 N 111.4028 W, 19 September 1997, C. Printzen s.n. (ASU; hb. Printzen); Pima Co., Rincon Section, Italian Spring, Saguaro Nat. Mon., on douglasfir snag, 32°13’42”N, 110°32’28”W, 21 June 1986, C. Wetmore 55039 (MIN-783330); California: Mariposa Co., Yosemite Nat. Park, Mouth of Pigeon Gulch at Highway 140 where it joins the Merced River, foothill woodland of Quercus wislizenii, Pinus sabiniana, 540 m, 37°39.936’ N, 119°48.333’ W, 20 September 2009, C. Printzen 12127 (FR-0362807); San Bernardino, Transverse Range, 2159 m alt., 34°14.8036’ N 117°0.1414’ W. 09 June 2014, K. Knudsen 16879 (NY-2203860), Lecanomics Code: 275; Colorado: Larimer Co., Cow Creek Valley N of Estes Park, Rocky Mts. NP, 40°24’43” N 105°33’44” W, 03 August 1984, C. Wetmore 53461 (MIN-877395); New Mexico: Otero Co., Sacramento Mountains, Cloudcroft, 18 May 1904, Shimek s.n. (MIN-895984); Montana: Mineral Co., Along Clark Fork River 4 km west of Superior, near Lozeau, 855 m alt., 47º07’ N 114º47’ W, September 1993, B. McCune 21124 (FR-0059705); Tulare Co., Crystal Cave Rd at Gen. Highway, Sequoia NP, steep S facing slope at bottom of valley, on sequoia log, 1676 m, 36°33’31” N 118°47’01” W, 11 May 1984, C. Wetmore 50727 (MIN-779627); Oreole Lake SW of Pine Top Mt., on incense cedar snag, 36°27’33” N 118°44’14” W, 21 May 1984, C. Wetmore 51211 (MIN-779611); Milk Ranch Peak at border of park E of headquarters, Arond peak with white fir, incense cedar, pines and rocks; on conifer stump, 1859 m, 36°29’11” N 118°46’51” W, 21 May 1984, C. Wetmore 51192 (MIN-779612).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF8DC140338BF8AAFE78FB1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF93C141338BFB6AFB13FB27.text	039387EFFF93C141338BFB6AFB13FB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis subsaligna (M. Brand & van den Boom 2025) Ivanovich & Printzen 2025	<div><p>Lecanoropsis subsaligna (M. Brand &amp; van den Boom) Ivanovich &amp; Printzen, comb. nov. Fig. 10C &amp; D, 15C.</p><p>MycoBank nº: 847159</p><p>Basionym: Lecanora subsaligna M. Brand &amp; van den Boom, in van den Boom &amp; Brand, Lichenologist 40 (6): 477 (2008).</p><p>Type:— BELGIUM: Namur, SSW of Beauraing, WSW of Gedinne, 300 m E of Croix Scaille, 500 m alt., 02 May 2000, P. &amp; B. van den Boom 24408 (LG — holotype; not studied) .</p><p>Thallus endosubstratal, rarely episubstratal and effuse, forming irregularly shaped verrucose to granular areoles growing in amorphous patches, whitish to grey with or without a yellow tinge or beige to brown, sometimes with a green hue. Photobiont a chlorococcoid/trebouxoid alga. Apothecia rounded to deformed, single and scattered or forming small, dense patches, (0.35–)0.37–0.51(–0.55) mm in diameter. Apothecial disc flat to weakly convex, commonly pale beige-yellowish or pale greyish-brown, rarely brown, matte, normally epruinose, very rarely finely white pruinose. Apothecial margin when young thick, smooth and raised. On old apothecia thinning and becoming in level with the disc sometimes disappearing in old apothecia, (0.02–)0.03–0.05 (–0.07) mm wide. Whitish to pale yellow or concolorous with thallus (when the thallus is whitish to grey or beige). Amphithecium algal layer constrained to the mid portion of the amphithecium, between the cortex and the subhymenial layers. Amphithecial cortex thin but well developed, more or less even width to the base, gelatinized, (12–)22–40(–53) µm wide laterally, (17–)22–41(–56) µm wide basally, sometimes with brown-golden granules that extend into the algal layer. Parathecium usually absent, when present, weakly developed, 10–35 µm wide, showing yellowish or brown pigmentation at the apical gel sheaths, with golden-brown granules on top. Epihymenium hyaline with a thin epipsamma of golden-brown granules rarely streaking into the hymenium, epipsamma sometimes lacking. Hymenium hyaline, (30–)40–60(–85) µm. Subhymenial layers hyaline, (35–)40–50(–55) µm; hymenium and the subhymenial layers height ratio usually 1:1. Paraphyses simple, sometimes branching, rarely anastomosing, 1.5–2 µm wide, apices not or weakly capitate, 2–4.5 µm wide, gel sheath at apices reaching 5 µm wide, typically hyaline, rarely pigmented golden-brown. Spores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, simple, hyaline, (7.0–)9.6–10.7(–12.0) × (2.5–)3.7–4.6(–6.0) µm. Conidia: Macroconidia U-shaped with acute tips, 1–3 septate, 20–25 × 2 µm; microconidia thin, straight to weakly curved, 5–10 × 1–2 µm; leptoconidia filamentous, strongly curved, 12–16 × 1–1.5 µm; mesoconidia were not found.</p><p>Chemistry: Isousnic acid.</p><p>Substrate: Corticolous or lignicolous, with a strong preference for decorticated wood.</p><p>Ecology: Open areas by sea level; submontane continental forests, 5–1240 m alt. Distribution: North America, Western and Central Europe.</p><p>Notes: Lecanoropsis subsaligna is very similar to L. albellula, due to disc coloration and apothecial margin, but several characters can help differentiate one taxon from the other such as conidia and apothecial size (see Notes under L. albellula). The ecological range of L. subsaligna however appears to be more diverse than that of L. albellula, as L. subsaligna has been found on islands at sea level in both the Mediterranean Sea and the Baltic Sea, supporting the statement by van den Boom &amp; Brand (2008) about L. subsaligna being a pioneer species with a wide range of biome preferences. In contrast, recent collections of L. albellula studied by us, were usually from submontane to montane mixed forests above 700 m alt.</p><p>Selected specimens studied: CZECH REPUBLIC. Liberecký kraj, Jablonec nad Nisou, Jizerské hory Mts, Na Čihadle, 973m alt., 50°49.9467’ N 15°13.9483’ E, 27 September2018, Z.Palice25830 (FR-0279046; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 251; Jihočeský kraj: Prachatice, Šumava Mts, Boubínský prales, mixed with Lecanoropsis albellula, 1240 m alt., 48° 59’ N 15° 13° 49’ E, 06 October 2017, Z. Palice 19576 (FR-0264512; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 246; Karlovy Vary: Ostrov nad Ohří, Krušné hory Mts, Mt. Meluzína, 1058 m alt., 50°23.5003’ N 13°0.5335’ E, 23 September 2017, Z. Palice 27662 (FR-0362808; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 581; Liberecký kraj, Jizerské hory Mts, 741 m alt., 50°46.7450’ N 15°11.3150’ E, 17 July 2017, Z. Palice 21276, 21277 (FR-0362809; FR-0362810; PRA), Lecanomics Code: 235, 254; GERMANY. Bayern: Freyung-Grafenau, Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald, 1117 m alt., 48°56.7720’ N 13°28.0847’ E, 30 November 2017, S. Kern TS 3-12-7 (FR-0362811), Lecanomics Code: 215; Hessen: Fulda, Gersfeld (Rhön), 555 m alt., 50° 27.2768’ N 9°56.8107’ E, 28 September 2019, V. Ziller 7 (FR-0265491), Lecanomics Code: 591; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: Vorpommern-Rügen, Dünenheide Insel Hiddensee, 3 m alt., 54°32.5984’ N 13°6.1136’ E, 13 June 2020, C. Dolnik 4585 (FR-0362812), Lecanomics Code: 849; Schleswig-Holstein: Pinneberg, Himmelmoor, 12 m alt., 53°44.8001’ N 9°51.6931’ E, 09 November 2019, C. Dolnik 4317 (FR-0362813), Lecanomics Code: 848; Rendsburg-Eckernförde, near Ascheffel, 50 m alt., 54°24.9219’ N 9°40.9975’ E, 26 March 2014, C. Dolnik 2852 (FR-0362814), Lecanomics Code: 414; GREECE. Decentralized Administration of Peloponnese, Western Greece and the Ionian, Zakynthos, Marathonisi Island, along W coast, mixed with Lecanora cf. conizella, 5 m alt., 37°41.1517’ N 20°51.9851’ E, 01 July 2017, Z. Palice 24212, specimen identified originally as Lecanora conizella .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF93C141338BFB6AFB13FB27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
039387EFFF92C142338BFA8FFA52FA87.text	039387EFFF92C142338BFA8FFA52FA87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanoropsis	<div><p>Key to Lecanoropsis</p><p>1. Epihymenium olive green or blackish................................................................................................................................................ 2</p><p>- Epihymenium hyaline or reddish brown, yellow brown, faint brown (pigment deficient L. anopta and L. anoptizodes specimens) or spotted (yellow-brown and olive green) ........................................................................................................................................ 5</p><p>2. Thallus episubstratal and well developed; pycnidia conspicuous on thallus, hemispherical, shiny black..... Lecanoropsis coracina</p><p>- Thallus endosubstratal or if episubstratal, poorly developed; pycnidia insconspicuous.................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Apothecia 0.4–0.7 mm diameter; pycnidia conspicuous or not ........................................................................ Lecanoropsis anopta</p><p>- Apothecia 0.25–0.4 mm diameter; pycnidia inconspicuous............................................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Apothecial disc typically flat; margin persistent in old apothecial; guttules absent in hymenium; macroconidia absent ................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... Lecanora mughicola</p><p>- Apothecial disc typically strongly convex, becoming subglobose and biatorine-like; margin excluded in old apothecia; guttules typically present in hymenium; macroconidia U-shaped 1–3 septate....................................................... Lecanoropsis anoptizodes</p><p>5. Hymenium 30–40 µm (35–45 µm in Lecanoropsis subintricata, but mean height &lt;40 µm) ........................................................... 6</p><p>- Hymenium mostly 40–50 µm or more (40–45 µm in Lecanoropsis austrocascadensis, but mean height&gt; 40 µm) ...................... 11</p><p>6. Guttules typically present in hymenium; macroconidia present; leptoconidia length 12–15 um; Isousnic acid ................................. ................................................................................................................................................................... Lecanoropsis anoptizodes</p><p>- Guttules in the hymenium absent; macroconidia absent; leptoconidia longer or absent; usnic or pseudoplacodiolic acid............... 7</p><p>7. Subhymenial layers 10–30 µm high; spore width 2.8–3.3 µm............................................................................ Lecanoropsis latens</p><p>- Subhymenial layers 50–145 µm high; spore width 3.0–4.2 µm......................................................................................................... 8</p><p>8. Amphithecial cortex pigmented; spore length 8–12 µm .................................................................................................................... 9</p><p>- Amphithecial cortex hyaline; spore length 6–10 µm ....................................................................................................................... 10</p><p>9. Apothecial discs pale pinkish to orange-brown or reddish brown; epihymenium hyaline or spotted faint orange-brown with faint olive green; amphithecial cortex 24–31(–39) µm laterally, 18–21(–25) µm basally; spores 8.0–10.0(–11.9) × (1.7–)3.1–3.9(–4.3) µm...................................................................................................................................................................... Lecanoropsis omissa</p><p>- Apothecial discs pale beige to grey to brown; epihymenium hyaline to faint yellow-brown; amphithecial cortex 32–53(–67) µm laterally, 36–44(–58) µm basally; spores 11.9–12.1(–15.5) × (2.5–)3.0–3.1(–3.5) µm ............................. Lecanoropsis subcinctula</p><p>10. Apothecia rounded to irregular, with an uneven, whitish to beige margin with a ragged appearance, whitish to beige; apothecial disc grey, blueish or violaceous, uncommonly beige to brown, typically with coarse pruina; amphithecial cortex narrower, 20–34(–39) µm laterally, (15–)22–27(–32) µm basally; pseudoplacodiolic acid .................................. Lecanoropsis sarcopidoides</p><p>- Apothecia rounded, with conspicuous smooth and even, yellow margin; apothecial disc pale yellow or greyish ochre or brown to dark grey; epruinose to occasionally with fine to coarse pruina; amphithecial cortex wider, 25–50(–58) µm laterally, 29–48(–59) µm basally; usnic acid ............................................................................................................................... Lecanoropsis subintricata</p><p>11. Amphithecial cortex strongly widened basally 30–100 µm on average .......................................................................................... 12</p><p>- Amphithecial cortex not or moderately widened basally, ecorticated to 55 µm on average............................................................ 13</p><p>12. Epihymenial pigment faint brown; Hymenium 43–62 µm; spores 8.4–12.0 x 4.6–5.8 µm......................... Lecanoropsis subravida</p><p>- Epihymenial pigment reddish brown; Hymenium 68–73 µm; spores 11–14 x 6–6.6 µm ....................... Lecanoropsis coniferarum</p><p>13. Spores 6–8 × 2.5–3.5 µm; so far only known from southern Scotland .......................................................... Lecanoropsis coppinsii</p><p>- Spores either longer, wider or both; widespread in the Northern Hemisphere ................................................................................ 14</p><p>14. Spore mean width 3.5–4 µm, L:W ratio 2.6–3.0.............................................................................................................................. 15</p><p>- Spore mean width&gt; 4 µm. L:W ratio &lt;2.6 ..................................................................................................................................... 17</p><p>15. Thallus well developed; amphithecium ecorticated ............................................................................... Lecanoropsis crassithallina</p><p>- Thallus endosubstratal or poorly developed, rarely well developed; amphithecium corticated ...................................................... 16</p><p>16. Apothecia 0.4–0.55 mm; subhymenial layers 60–85 µm; amphithecial cortex 36–38(–56) µm basally, heavily gelatinized at the base, sometimes pigmented faint brown; pseudoplacodiolic acid................................................... Lecanoropsis austrocascadensis</p><p>- Apothecia 0.5–0.7 mm; subhymenial layers 95–135 µm; amphithecial cortex 13–20(–28) µm basally, moderately gelatinized at the base, hyaline; isousnic acid .................................................................................................................................. Lecanoropsis iapyx</p><p>17. Apothecial discs typically glossy; spores on average 11–12 × 5–6 µm ............................................................ Lecanoropsis micans</p><p>- Apothecial discs typically matte, rarely weakly glossy; spores on average either shorter, narrower or both.................................. 18</p><p>18. Apothecial margin persistent............................................................................................................................................................ 19</p><p>- Apothecial margin often excluded in old apothecia ......................................................................................................................... 22</p><p>19. Epihymenium pigment N+ reddish-violet; leptoconidia frequent, 22–27 µm long ...................................... Lecanoropsis calabrica</p><p>- Epihymenium pigment N- or orange intensifying; leptoconidia shorter if present.......................................................................... 20</p><p>20. Apothecia 0.2–0.5 mm; amphithecium cortex poorly developed; macroconidia 8.5–9.5 × 2.5–3.2 µm .... Lecanoropsis quercicola</p><p>- Apothecia 0.4–0.8 mm; amphithecium cortex distinct; macroconidia 7–8 × 2–2.5 µm if present .................................................. 21</p><p>21. Apothecial discs typically beige, sometimes almost black; amphithecial cortex variable, 18–54 µm basally; leptoconidia 15–20 µm long.................................................................................................................................................................... Lecanora prolificans</p><p>- Apothecial discs typically reddish brown, sometimes pale ochre to dark brown; amphithecial cortex 19–30 µm basally; leptoconidia 8–11 µm long..................................................................................................................................................... Lecanoropsis saligna</p><p>22. Apothecia 0.4–0.9 mm; subhymenial layers 60–90 µm; macroconidia not known; leptoconidia 10–17 × 0.7–0.9 µm ................. 23</p><p>- Apothecia 0.2–0.5(–0.55) mm; guttules absent in the hymenium; macroconidia common; microconidia longer, up to 10 μm long; leptoconidia 12–25 × 1–2 μm........................................................................................................................................................... 24</p><p>23. Apothecia 0.45–0.7 mm; apothecial discs darker, typically dark brown to black; apothecial margin when present whitish-grey; subhymenial layers 80–140; microconidia aseptate .......................................................................................... Lecanoropsis anopta</p><p>- Apothecia 0.4–0.9 mm; apothecial discs paler, typically pinkish or orange to red or grey to dark brown; apothecial margin when present yellowish grew or brown, paler to concolorous to darker than the disc; subhymenial layers 60–90; microconidia 1-septate ..................................................................................................................................................... Lecanoropsis pseudosarcopidoides</p><p>24. Subhymenial layers 60–130 μm; macroconidia reniform with obtuse tips, 0–3 septate, 7–12 × 1.5–2 µm (12–15 × 1.5–2.5 in L. albellula var. macroconidiata) ....................................................................................................................... Lecanoropsis albellula</p><p>- Subhymenial layers 35–55 μm; macroconidia U-shaped with acute tips, 1–3 septate, 20–25 × 2 μm....... Lecanoropsis subsaligna</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387EFFF92C142338BFA8FFA52FA87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ivanovich, Cristóbal;Weber, Lilith;Palice, Zdeněk;Hollinger, Jason;Otte, Volker;Sohrabi, Mohammad;Sheehy, Steve;Printzen, Christian	Ivanovich, Cristóbal, Weber, Lilith, Palice, Zdeněk, Hollinger, Jason, Otte, Volker, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Sheehy, Steve, Printzen, Christian (2025): A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Lecanoropsis (Lecanoraceae). Phytotaxa 695 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.1
