taxonID	type	description	language	source
03904252506FBE768B61FD07FDA58E32.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2, 13, 33)	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506FBE768B61FD07FDA58E32.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Israel: Upper Galilee: Gush Halav, 18. v. 1959, J. Halperin, ex Ficus carica (2 ex.); ibidem, 8. vi – 29. ix. 1959, J. Halperin, light trap on Ficus carica (1 ex.); Lower Galilee: Shefar’am, 7. i. 1959, J. Halperin, ex Ficus carica (1 ex.); ibidem, 3. i. 1959, J. Halperin, ex Ficus carica stem (1 ex.); Judean Hills: Yerushalayim, ‘ En Kerem, 11. xi. 2019, Y. Salaviz, on Ficus carica trunk (1 ex.).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506FBE768B61FD07FDA58E32.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Circum-Mediterranean. Europe: Spain, France, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece; North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt; Asia: Turkey, Lebanon, Israel) Halperin & Fremuth 2003; HlavÁČ & Maughan 2013; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506FBE768B61FD07FDA58E32.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: This species is associated with Celtis australis L. (Cannabaceae), Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), Ilex aquifolium L. (Aquifoliaceae), Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) Platanus orientalis L. (Platanaceae), Populus alba L. (Salicaceae), Quercus petrae (Matt.) Liebl. (as sessiliflora Salisb.), Q. robur L. (as ruber) (Fagaceae) and Ulmus glabra Huds. (as campestris L. Mill., Wilkomm) (Ulmaceae) (Folwaczny 1973). Halperin and Fremuth (2003) recorded the association of this species in Israel with Celtis australis, Populus euphraticus Oliv. and Ulmus minor Mill. Amazingly, all specimens from Israel, either those by Halperin or more recent, were collected or reared from Ficus carica (Fig. 33).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506FBE778BB3FA73FE1E880E.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined: Israel: Hula Valley: Nahal ‘ Iyyon, S Mappal haTahana, 480 m, 14. viii. 2017, L. Friedman (1 ex.); Qiryat Shemona, 3. i. 1958, J. Halperin, ex dead trunk of (?) Salix (1); ibidem, 3. viii. 1959, J. Halperin, ex old trunk of (?) Salix (1 ex.); Golan Heights: Panyas, 2. viii. 1978, D. Simon (6 exx.); ibidem, 6. viii. 1986, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Zenobar [Golan, Sanabir], 6. xi. 1967, J. Halperin, ex Salix, 25. v. 1968 (1 ex.); Lower Galilee: Nahal Zippori, ‘ En Yivqa’, shaded side, 27. viii. 2018, L. Bentor (1 ex.); Carmel Ridge: Nahal Shelef, ‘ En Meholelim, 19. iv. 2023, T. Eshcoly (1 ex.).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506FBE778BB3FA73FE1E880E.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Mediterranean, Caucasus and Middle Asia. Europe: Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy, Croatia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Ukraine, Russia; North Africa: Algeria, Egypt; Asia: Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan) Folwaczny 1973; Halperin & Fremuth 2003; HlavÁČ & Maughan 2013; Nazarenko & Gontarenko 2017; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). In Israel, confined to the northern part of the country: Golan Heights, Upper and Lower Galilee, Carmel Ridge and Yizre’el Valley.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506FBE778BB3FA73FE1E880E.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: This species lives and develops in dead trunks of Populus and Salix (Salicaceae) (Folwaczny 1973; Nazarenko & Gontarenko 2017). Halperin and Fremuth (2003) reported Pinus spp. (Pinaceae), Populus spp. and Salix spp.; the material in SMNHTAU includes three specimens collected by Halperin that emerged from Salix sp. The only specimen the author collected was spotted walking on the trunk of Salix sp (Fig. 35). The association with pines (unlikely) and poplars (possible) remains unconfirmed.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506EBE778B9AFCFCFE898E3F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Israel: Northern Coastal Plain: Qiryat Hayyim, 22. iv. 2001, A. Orlov, " under sea rubbish " (2 exx.); 3 km N of ‘ Atlit, sea coast, 17. v. 2002, A. Orlov, " under sea rubbish " (2 exx.).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506EBE778B9AFCFCFE898E3F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Circum-Mediterranean: Europe: Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Ukraine, Russia; North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt; Asia: Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Azerbaijan (Folwaczny 1973; HlavÁČ & Maughan 2013; Nazarenko & Gontarenko 2017; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). Recorded from Israel by Halperin and Fremuth (2003) from the Upper Galilee and Yizre’el Valley, which probably refers to misidentified specimens of M. cunipes.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506EBE778B9AFCFCFE898E3F.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: This species develops in sea-water-soaked wood: driftwood, wooden parts of constructions, etc., but also in old trunks of Pinus and Populus (Folwaczny 1973; Nazarenko & Gontarenko 2017). In Israel it has recorded from Populus spp., Salix spp. (Halperin & Fremuth 2003) but these are most probably misidentifications of M. cunipes.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506EBE798B48FA4DFC23886A.taxon	description	(Figs 3, 14, 34)	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506EBE798B48FA4DFC23886A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Israel: Judean Desert: Tell, Lahav- ’ Arad, ii. 1969, M. Warburg (4 exx.), either Judean Desert: Har Herodion, or Central Coastal Plain: Bar-Ilan University, ex cork from Portugal, 2019, E. Weiss (1 ex.) (see Comments below). Figs 21 – 29. Mesites spp.: (21) M. cunipes, male, dorsal view; (22) M. cunipes, female, dorsal view; (23) M. cunipes, microsculpture of pronotum; (24) M. pallidipennis, male, dorsal view; (25) M. pallidipennis, female, head and pronotum, dorsal view; (26) M. cunipes, male, lateral view; (27) M. cunipes, female, lateral view; (28) M. pallidipennis, male, lateral view; (29) M. pallidipennis, female, lateral view.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506EBE798B48FA4DFC23886A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Circum-Mediterranean. Europe: Spain, France (Corse), Italy, Malta, Greece; North Africa: Canary Islands, Madeira, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt; Asia: Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel) Folwaczny 1973; HlavÁČ & Maughan 2013; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506EBE798B48FA4DFC23886A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: This species develops in rotten wood; occurs on seashores, in detritus in flooded areas, under dung, in walls (built of wood or containing wooden parts) (Folwaczny 1973). Alfieri (1976) recorded this species from ancient Egyptian mummies, emphasizing, that this was most probably a recent infestation.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252506EBE798B48FA4DFC23886A.taxon	discussion	Comments: So far, only very few specimens of A. bewickianus have been found in Israel. Four specimens originate from an unnamed locality on the road between Lahav and ‘ Arad, that is noted as “ tell ”, the local name for an artificial mound formed by the overlying debris of ancient settlements (after Negev and Gibson 2001). Most probably the weevils were found in the archaeological site, known recently as Tel ‘ Arad, the archaeological mound above the Canaanite (5,000 – 2,500 BCE) and Israelite (2,500 – 600 BCE) settlements. The weevils were collected by the late Prof. Michael R. Warburg, who studied wood-lice (Isopoda), and collected numerous samples of the latter and, as a by-product, a rich assortment of other soil arthropods. Therefore, it is clear that the weevils were either sifted from the soil samples or collected with pitfall soil traps. An additional single specimen collected recently in Israel is of an unclear source. It was found on the plant remnants collected by archaeobotanists in the 2,000 - year-old fortress of Herodion (Herodium) (Fig. 34), built on the western edge of the Judean Desert by order and under personal supervision of Herod the Great) ca. 72 BCE – ca. 4 BCE (; although it was also suspected of emerging from the cork stoppers for glass tubes used in the archeobotanical lab, imported from Portugal (Ehud Weiss, pers. comm.). The author visited Herodion recently and noted numerous remnants of the ancient wooden beams protruding from the walls. Both localities are in the desert. All this confirms that A. bewickianus prefers dead wood, and particularly old dry dead wood.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525060BE7B8B9BFC69FC198D2A.taxon	description	(Figs 4, 5, 15, 30, 31)	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525060BE7B8B9BFC69FC198D2A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: sex unknown (SGN, not examined): Israel: Tel Aviv, leg. Bytinski. Material examined: Israel: Central Coastal Plain: Gan Shemu’el, avocado plantation, 14. i. 2018, PPIS (1 ex.), ibidem, 22. i. 2018 (3 exx.); Ra’anana, vi. 1967, H. Bytinski-Salz, ex Avocado (9 exx.); Southern Coastal Plain: Gan Shelomo, avocado plantation, 23. ii. 2018, L. Friedman, ex seed of Persea americana (16 exx. adults + some larvae in alcohol).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525060BE7B8B9BFC69FC198D2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic Region, introduced in Europe (described from Sweden) (Gyllenhal 1838; Kuschel 1962; Whitehead 1982; Anderson 2002; Peck 2005; HlavÁČ & Maughan 2013; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). Although Alonso-Zarazaga et al. (2023) record it only from Spain, UK, Canary Islands and Madeira, it is most probably more widely distributed, if not cosmopolitan (Whitehead 1991). First recorded from Israel by Friedman (2009).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525060BE7B8B9BFC69FC198D2A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: This species develops in the rotten seeds of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) (Lauraceace); recorded from a large variety of stored commodities: rice, corn, pulses, mammy apple, cola nuts, yam tubers, ginger roots, seeds of various plants Figs 30 – 31. Caulophilus oryzae, paratype of Pseudomimus avocadi Folwaczny, 1972 (SGN): (30) habitus, dorsal view; (31) labels (both photographs courtesy Laura Marrero Palma, SGN). etc., although it definitely prefers avocado seeds (Cotton 1921, 1922; Kuschel 1962; Whitehead 1982, 1991; Salas-Araiza et al. 2001; Anderson 2002). Considered as a stored product pest of low importance, it does not attack well-dried and previously undamaged stored products (Whitehead 1982, 1991). In Israel, avocado plantations occupy approximately 7,000 hectares and an expected yield of almost 100,000 tons of fruit per year; 70 % of the plantations in the coastal area, and the remaining in the Yizre’el Valley, the Hula Valley and the Jordan Valley (Dor 2023). Caulophilus oryzae occurs in all avocado plantations, but is completely overlooked by the agriculturalists, hence both adults, eggs, larvae and pupae stay unnoticed in the rotten seeds in the ripening fruit on the ground causing no damage.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525060BE7B8B9BFC69FC198D2A.taxon	discussion	Comments: Caulophilus Wollaston is a mainly Neotropical genus, composed of four fossil in Dominican amber (Davis & Engel 2007) and 16 extant (Kuschel 1962) species, four of them occurring in the Caribbean, and extending also also into the Nearctic Region (Northern Mexico, Southern USA) (Kuschel 1962; Whitehead 1982; Salas-Araiza et al. 2001; Anderson 2002; Peck 2005). One of them, C. oryzae, is known as a pest of stored products and in particular of the seeds of avocado (!) (Cotton 1921, 1922; Kuschel 1962; Whitehead 1982, 1991; Salas-Araiza et al. 2001; Anderson 2002). Caulophilus oryzae, the broad-nosed grain weevil, was described by Gyllenhal (1838: 1075) from Stockholm, Sweden, found damaging rice of unknown origin in merchant shops, and immediately redescribed by the same Gyllenhal (1838: 1076) under the junior synonymous name of Rhyncholus lauri (Gyllenhal, 1838) from avocado seeds (!) from Mexico. Thus, this American weevil, even before being described, was already an invasive pest in Europe before the middle of the nineteenth century. Pseudomimus Hartmann, 1904 was originally erected for P. corpulentus Hartmann, 1904 from Tanzania. Since then, several species from the western, central and eastern tropical Africa have been assigned to it (Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999). Pseudomimus avocadi Folwazcny, 1972 was described by Bronislaw Folwazcny (1972) from a series of ten individuals from Tel Aviv, reared by the eminent Israeli entomologist Hanan Bytinski-Salz from the seeds of avocado. The series of nine above cited specimens, mostly teneral, labeled “ ex Avocado, Ra’anana, c. l. vi. 1967, Bytinski-Salz ” has probably been reared together with the type series of Pseudomimus avocadi. The difference between the recorded localities (Tel Aviv and Ra’anana respectively) can be easily explained: either the avocado orchard was in Ra’anana and the weevils were reared in Tel Aviv, or Tel Aviv was used as a common denominator for both places (Ra’anana is located 16 km NE of Tel Aviv, in 1960 s it was a small place, hardly appearing on a map). According to the labels (Fig. 31), the type series was previously studied by the famous weevil expert Edward Voss and then by Folwacny. The author of this paper speculates that both specialists were influenced by Bytinski’s ideas on the presence of Afrotropical elements in the Israeli entomofauna (Bytinski-Salz 1961), and this misled them to misidentify the American Caulophilus as an African Pseudomimus. Unfortunately, they did not take into account the low probability that an Afrotropical species would attack specifically a Persea, the plant native to the Neotropical Region. Pseudomimus avocadi was never collected since its original description before being discovered by the author in rotten avocado seeds in 2018. Most of the attempts to find this species were concentrated in the Jordan Valley, the ‘ Arava Valley and the Negev Desert, areas in Israel in which insects with Afrotropical affinities predominantly occur (Bytinski-Salz 1961; Freidberg 1988; Friedman 2009, 2019). The weevils from the type series in SGN, and those from 1967 and from 2018 in SMNHTAU, are identical and perfectly fit the description of P. avocadi (Folwaczny 1972), and lead to Caulophilus and not to “ Pseudomimus ” in the key to the Palaearctic Cossoninae (Folwaczny 1973). Therefore, Pseudomimus avocadi Folwaczny, 1972 is here proposed as a new junior subjective synonym of Caulophilus oryzae (Gyllenhal, 1838). Note that Caulophilus belongs to the tribe Dryotribini LeConte, whereas Pseudomimus to the tribe Rhyncolini Gistel. Thus, this is not an Israeli endemic with Afrotropical affinities, but an invasive species of Nearctic or Neotropical origin.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525064BE7F8B95FAB4FCBA8808.taxon	description	(Figs 8, 9, 18, 37)	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525064BE7F8B95FAB4FCBA8808.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Israel: Golan Heights: ‘ En Ziwan, 3. iv. 2022, Shahar Mizrahi (photographs); Hula Valley: Ne’ot Mordekhay, 25. iv. 2004, L. Zarabi, V. Chikatunov, pheromone trap (1 ex.); ibidem, 14. vi. 2004 (3 exx.); ibidem, 30. v. 2005 (2 exx.); Upper Galilee: Shelomi, 30. v. 2023, Ran Levi (photographs); Nahal Keziv, 20. v. 1999, M. Finkel (1 ex.); Carmel Ridge: Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 22. ii. 1946, H. Bytinski-Salz, ex Pinus halepensis (10 exx.); ibidem, 19. iv. 1964, J. Halperin, ex Pinus halepensis (5 exx.); ibidem, 22. iv. 1964, J. Halperin, ex Pinus halepensis (1 ex.); ibidem, 30. iv. 1964, J. Halperin, ex Pinus halepensis (8 exx.); ibidem, 11. v. 1964, J. Halperin, ex Pinus halepensis (4 exx.); ibidem, 12. vii. 2003, V. Kravchenko, V. Chikatunov (4 exx.); Horeshat ha’Arba’im, 4 – 25. vi. 2007, J. Buse (3 exx.); ibidem, 8 – 29. vi. 2007, J. Buse, window trap on Quercus calliprinos (1 ex.); ibidem, 12 – 26. vi. 2009, J Buse, T. Pavliček, window trap on Quercus calliprinos (1 ex.); ‘ En haShofet, Irish Bridge, 19. v. 2004, A. Gasith (1 ex.); Samaria: Horvat [H.] Dardar, 26. viii. 1981, Q. Argaman (2 exx.); Kokhav Ya’ir, 27. xii. 2001, A. Freidberg, Y. Zvik, L. Friedman, under bark of pine (3 exx.); Qedumim, 24. vi. 2007, L. Friedman (7 exx.); ibidem, 16. v. 2009, emerging from beam (70 mounted exx. + numerous unmounted exx.); ibidem, 23. iii. 2018 (1 ex.); Central Coastal Plain: Tel Mond, 8. vi. 2016, E. Gefen (4 exx.); Qiryat Ono, 27. vi. 2002, I. Kedar, L. Friedman (21 mounted + numerous unmounted exx.); Tel Aviv, 13. vi. 2007, W. Kuslitzky, light trap (1 ex.); Southern Coastal Plain: Segula, near Qiryat Gat, 5. v. 1996, V. Chikatunov (9 exx.); Foothills of Judea: Ben Shemen Forest, Horvat Birit, 13. xii. 2020, L. Friedman, under bark of Pinus (50 mounted exx. + numerous unmounted exx.); Judean Hills: Kesalon, 17. ix. 1980, J. Halperin, ex Pinus halepensis (1 ex.); Judean Desert: Ma’on, 25. xii. 2018, Yehuda Keller (photographs).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525064BE7F8B95FAB4FCBA8808.taxon	distribution	Distribution: West Palaearctic. Europe: Azores, Spain, France, Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Czech Rep., Austria, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Ukraine, Russia; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria; Asia: Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon (Hlaváč & Maughan 2013; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). Recorded from Israel by Halperin and Fremuth (2003). One of the most widely distributed west Palaearctic cossonines, and the most common cossonine species in Israel, distributed throughout the Mediterranean part of the country, and penetrating into the desert areas following human activities.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525064BE7F8B95FAB4FCBA8808.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: This species lives and develops in decaying wood of various conifers (Abies, Cedrus, Picea, Pinus), and rarely also in deciduous trees; in living trees at various stages of deterioration, tree stumps and dead wood (Folwaczny 1973; Yunakov et al. 2018; Legalov et al. 2021). In Israel, the weevils were found under bark of pines (Pinus) (Pinaceae), mainly Pinus halepensis Mill. (Halperin & Fremuth 2003; personal observations). Single individuals or small groups of individuals are found under bark of living pines, while aggregations can be found associated with dead or decaying wood. The author found an incalculable number of weevils under the bark of a relatively fresh pine stump in Ben Shemen Forest (Fig. 37); the weevils were preyed-upon by clown-beetles (Histeridae) of at least two species. Often clouds of swarming beetles emerge from the processed wood, sometimes years after its processing, scaring the owner of the property. The author personally observed such a swarm in May 2009 in his house in Qedumim, Israel. Beetles were emerging from the particular beam that was used for repair of the veranda windowsill, approximately two years earlier (summer 2007). The swarming masses of beetles resembled wisps of smoke as much as that at the first site the author was genuinely convinced that the beam was smoldering. From time to time the author received complaints from households, offices, sawmills, warehouses etc., while usually the source of the weevils was a single board. However, no significant damage was ever reported, even after the greatest appearance of the weevils.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525066BE7F8BB9FC8FFDFD8ED0.taxon	description	(Figs 6, 7, 16, 17)	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525066BE7F8BB9FC8FFDFD8ED0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Israel: Central Coastal Plain: Ganne Yehuda, 6. v. 1987, Asher, ex Myrtus communis (2 exx.).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525066BE7F8BB9FC8FFDFD8ED0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Cosmopolitan. Europe: Azores, UK, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Czech Rep., Austria, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Greece, Romania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia; North Africa: Madeira, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt; Asia: Turkey, Iran; introduced into the Australian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions; now probably distributed worldwide) Folwaczny 1973; HlavÁČ & Maughan 2013; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). Recorded from Israel by Halperin and Fremuth (2003).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525066BE7F8BB9FC8FFDFD8ED0.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: This species occurs in the littoral zone and in wooden constructions. It lives and develops on dead wet wood, and has been recorded from various deciduous trees and shrubs: Acer (Aceraceae), Celtis (Cannabaceae), Populus, Salix (Salicaceae), Ulmus (Ulmaceae), and Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) (Folwaczny 1973), from Pinus spp. (Halperin & Fremuth 2003), rotten timber (Yunakov et al. 2018). Here it is recorded from the cultivated Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae). This cossonine is extremely polyphagous.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE608B9EFE91FE758FD7.taxon	description	(Figs 10, 19)	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE608B9EFE91FE758FD7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Israel: locality unknown [intercepted?], 2. v. 1999, PPIS, 11088, “ Eremotes porcatus ” det. Q. Argaman (4 exx.).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE608B9EFE91FE758FD7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: West Palaearctic. Europe: Portugal, Spain, France, Austria, Italy, Malta, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Russia; North Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Egypt) Omar 2012; HlavÁČ & Maughan 2013; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). New record for Israel.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE608B9EFE91FE758FD7.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: This species lives and develops in dead wood of deciduous trees, and has been recorded from the following genera: Acer (Aceraceae), Fagus (Fagaceae), Fraxinus (Oleaceae), Juglans (Juglandaceae), Quercus (including Quercus suber L. (( Fagaceae), Populus (Salicaceae), Ulmus (Ulmaceae) (Folwaczny 1973).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE608B9EFE91FE758FD7.taxon	discussion	Comments: This species may not be resident in Israel. The studied material originates from the collection of the Plant Protection and Interception Services, Ministry of Agriculture of Israel. The author is indebted to Dr Shahar Samra, Dr Eitan Recht and Dr Merav Hadar-Maor (PPIS) for their attempt to reveal the origin of this sample, but the search was fruitless. Therefore, the author is not sure if the weevils were collected in Israel or only intercepted on some kind of cargo. One would expect instead to find in Israel Melicius cylindrus (Boheman, 1838) which is recorded from the East Mediterranean (e. g. Turkey, Syria and Lebanon); however, the existence of M. gracilis in Israel is not particularly surprising, as it is recorded from Egypt. According to Folwaczny (1973), Omar (2012) and Zabaluev (2023), M. gracilis is easily separated from M. cylindrus by the following characters. In M. gracilis pronotum as long as wide, rostrum slender, distinctly longer than head, tempus shorter than eye, head not constricted at tempora, procoxae sub-contiguous; whereas in M. cylindrus: pronotum longer than wide, rostrum thick, nearly as long as head, temple as long as eye, head slightly but distinctly constricted at temple, and procoxa widely separated.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE618B85FAE4FE93889A.taxon	description	(Figs 11, 12, 20, 38)	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE618B85FAE4FE93889A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Israel: Carmel Ridge: Mt. Carmel, Technion, 3. vi. 1964, J. Halperin, ex Pinus pinea, 14. iv. 1966 (1 ex.); ibidem, ex Pinus pinea, 2. v. 1966) 1 ex. (; Nahal Oren, 24. iv. 1995, T. PavliČek & V. Chikatunov (1 ex.).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE618B85FAE4FE93889A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: West Palaearctic. Europe: Spain, France, Norway, Sweden; Finland, Denmark, Germany, Czechia, Austria, Italy, Hungary, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Belarus, Russia; Asia: “ Caucasus ”, Turkey) Folwaczny 1973; HlavÁČ & Maughan 2013; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). New record for Israel.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE618B85FAE4FE93889A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: This species occurs in mixed forests where it lives and develops in dead wood of coniferous and deciduous trees (Folwaczny 1973). In Israel it has been reared from Pinus pinea L. (Pinaceae).	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
039042525079BE618B85FAE4FE93889A.taxon	discussion	Comments: This is a new record for Israel, both the genus and the species. Only three specimens are available, all from the upper part of the Carmel Ridge; two of them reared from the introduced species P. pinea, either planted or escaped from cultivation (Danin & Fragman-Sapir 2023). The natural distribution of R. sculpturatus does not reach the East Mediterranean. Most probably R. sculpturatus is an introduced species in Israel, perhaps introduced together with its host plant. Rhyncolus sculpturatus is the first and the only Rhyncolus species recorded so far from Israel, although one would rather expect to find the East Mediterranean Rhyncolus syriacus Desbrochers des Loges, 1892, known from Greece, Cyprus, Turkey and Syria (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). Additional endeavors to find it should be attempted in the Upper Galilee, northern parts of the Golan Heights and on Har Hermon, the areas comprising a significant number of the “ northern ” faunal elements.	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
03904252507CBE658B95FED2FE58882E.taxon	description	Taxa new to Israel are marked with an asterisk (*). Choerorhinini Folwaczny, 1973 Choerorhinus squalidus Fairmaire, 1858 Cossonini Schoenherr, 1825 Mesites cunipes Boheman, 1838 Mesites pallidipennis Boheman, 1838 Dryotribini LeConte, 1876 Amaurorhinus bewickianus (Wollaston, 1860) Caulophilus oryzae (Gyllenhal, 1838) Onycholipini Wollaston, 1873 Brachytemnus porcatus (Germar, 1823) Pselactus spadix (Herbst, 1795) Rhyncolini Gistel, 1848 Phloeophagina Voss, 1955 * Melicius gracilis (Rosenhauer, 1856) Rhyncolina Gistel, 1848	en	Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2023): A review of the saproxylic weevil subfamily Cossoninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 52 (6): 75-96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10623606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623606
