identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0391C91C6803FF970D101AA67004FBCF.text	0391C91C6803FF970D101AA67004FBCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea	<div><p>Mnesithea</p><p>Mnesithea Kunth (1829) 153; Veldk. et al. (1986) 281. — Thyridostachyum Nees (1836) 379, nom. superfl. — Rottboellia L.f. sect . Mnesithea Hook.f. (1896) 158. — Type: Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth.</p><p>Rottboellia L.f. sect . Apogonia Nutt. (1818) 83. — Apogonia (Nutt.) Fourn. (1886) 63. — Type: Rottboellia rugosa Nutt. [= Mnesithea rugosa (Nutt.) de Koning &amp; Sosef].</p><p>Coelorachis Brongn. (1831) 64, t. 14. — Rottboellia L.f. subg . Coelorachis Hack. (1889) 293, nom. superfl. — Rottboellia L.f. sect . Coelorachis Pilg. (1940) 139; Roberty (1960) 74 (‘ Coelorrhachis ’), isonym. — Type: The plate, ‘ Coelorhachis’ glandulosa Brongn. (= Mnesithea glandulosa Trin.).</p><p>Diperium Desv. (1831a) 180, t. 9, f. 3; (1831b) 76. — Type: Diperium cylindricum Desv. (= Mnesithea laevis Retz.).</p><p>[ Rytilix Raf.(1830) 219,nomen]. — Hackelochloa Kuntze (1891) 776. — Rytilix Raf.ex Hitchc.(1920) 279,nom.superfl. — Rottboellia L.f. sect . Hackelochloa (Kuntze) Roberty (1960) 79. — Type: Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze [= Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning &amp; Sosef].</p><p>Ratzeburgia Kunth (1831) 487. — Rottboellia L.f. sect . Ratzeburgia (Kunth) Roberty (1960) 85. — Type: Ratzeburgia pulcherrima Kunth [= Mnesithea pulcherrima (Kunth) de Koning &amp; Sosef].</p><p>[ Aikinia Wall. (1832) 46, t. 273, nom. inval., non A.DC. (1830). — Type: Aikinia elegans Wall., nom. inval., not accepted by author [= Mnesithea pulcherrima (Kunth) de Koning &amp; Sosef].</p><p>Rottboellia L.f. subg . Rottboelliastrum Hack. (1883) 310. — [ Cycloteria C.E.Hubb. (1931a) 459, nom. inval., in syn.; (1931b) 546,in nota]. — Syn- types: Mnesithea selloana Hack., Mnesithea loricata Trin.</p><p>Heteropholis C.E.Hubb. (1956) t. 3548; de Koning et al.(1983) 137. — Type: Heteropholis sulcata (Stapf) C.E.Hubb. [= Mnesithea sulcata (Stapf) de Koning &amp; Sosef].</p><p>Rottboellia auct non L.f.</p><p>Annuals or perennials. Culms solid. Ligule collar-shaped, membranous. Inflorescence a compound, leafy panicle of spatheate spikes. Peduncles not articulating at base. Inflorescence axes articulating in joints, with 1– 2 sessile spikelets and 1 pedicelled one; joints at base with a remnant of a vascular bundle (‘knob’ or ‘elaiosome’) which fits into a cavity in the top of the joint below. Spikelets paired (1 sessile, 1 pedicelled and the topmost a triad: 1 sessile, 2 pedicelled) or in triads (2 sessile, 1 pedicelled, but in the topmost one 1 sessile and 2 pedicelled). Sessile spikelets more or less immersed in cavities in the joints, 2-flowered, awnless, the lower floret epaleate or paleate and sterile, the upper one bisexual. Lower glume indurated, smooth or sculptured, 4–13-nerved, apex winged or not; upper glume chartaceous, 3–15-nerved. Lower lemma membranous, upper one even thinner. Pedicel free or adnate to the joint. Pedicelled spikelets dorso-ventrally flattened, varying from a single small scale to 2-flowered with the upper floret bisexual ( M. glandulosa, M. granularis, M. rottboellioides). × = 7 ( R. granularis (L.) Roberty), 9, 10.</p><p>Distribution — Pantropical with about 32 species, of which 10 species and 1 variety in Malesia and Thailand.</p><p>Eponymy — Named after the Greek herbalist, Mnesitheus Cyzicenus (from Cyzicus in Mysia, Turkey, c. 300 BC), but the work cited (πεΡΙ ’εδεΣΤΩν, On Diet) is by Mnesitheus Athenien- sis (of Athens, Greece, c. 400 BC).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C6803FF970D101AA67004FBCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C6801FF950D1019C77135F91A.text	0391C91C6801FF950D1019C77135F91A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea formosa (R. Br.) de Koning & Sosef	<div><p>2. Mnesithea formosa (R.Br.) de Koning &amp; Sosef — Fig. 2</p><p>Mnesithea formosa (R.Br.) de Koning &amp; Sosef in Veldkamp et al. (1986) 288. — Rottboellia formosa R.Br.(1810) 206. — Manisuris formosa (R.Br.) Kuntze (1891) 779. — [ Rottboellia formosa var. typica Domin (1915) 261, nom. inval.]. — Type: R. Brown 6157 (holo BM; photo BRI, K; K, MEL, NSW).</p><p>Rottboellia formosa R.Br. var. pilosissima Domin (1915) 261. — Type: Domin II 1910 (holo PR; photo BRI; K, L, NSW), W Queensland, Cloncurry .</p><p>Rottboellia formosa R.Br. forma subglabra Domin (1915) 261. — Type: Domin I 1910 (holo PR; photo BRI; K), Queensland, Townsville, Castle Hill .</p><p>Plants annual. Culms 0.4–0.8 m long, glabrous to pilose or with scattered bulbous-based bristles. Cataphylls absent. Nodes glabrous to setose. Sheaths hairy to setose, margin pilose to ciliate. Ligule 0.8–2 mm long, margin ciliolate to setose. Contra-ligule absent. Blades flat to folded, 7–18 cm by 2–4 mm, margins pectinate at base, hairy on both sides, setose behind the ligule, smooth. Peduncles solitary or paired, glabrous to hairy. Spatheoles 4–7 cm long. Spikes 2–4 cm by 1.8–3 mm. Spikelets paired. Joints 3.2–3.6 mm long, hairy all over. Sessile spikelets 3–3.2 mm long (incl. callus), shorter to about as long as the joint. Callus hairy. Lower glume convex, ovate to ovate-oblong, hairy, apex rounded, not winged, coriaceous, smooth, yellowish to greenish yellow, 9–11-nerved, lower part at keel smooth; upper glume concave, ovate to ovate-oblong, 2.8–3 mm long, glabrous to ciliolate along the infolded margin, 4–6-nerved, nerves anastomosing, apex acute. Lemmas ovate to ovate-oblong, 2.1–2.6 mm long, apex rounded, ciliolate along the margin; first lemma epaleate, 2.4–2.6 mm long, 3–4-nerved; second lemma 3-nerved. Second palea ovate-oblong, 1.8–2.1 mm long, 2–3-nerved, margin ciliolate. Anthers 1.2–1.4 mm long. Pedicel completely adnate to the joint. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to 2 glumes, laterally flattened, 3.6–5.4 mm long. Glumes chartaceous to coriaceous, margins ciliolate, base winged, apex caudate. 2n =?</p><p>Distribution — Malesia: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Kissar, Wetar), New Guinea: Aru Isl., Papua New Guinea (Western, Central); Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory, W Australia).</p><p>Habitat — Eucalypt savannahs, dry grasslands, open forest edges, roadside in degraded mixed forest, red sand, clay soils, heavy brown soil, laterite, granite, up to 200 m altitude; a locally common inconspicuous grass of straggling habit.</p><p>Notes — For Queensland Domin (1915) distinguished between a var. typica with a forma subglabra and a var. pilosissima based on the density of the pubescence of the plant. This turned out to be a very variable feature and these taxa cannot be maintained.</p><p>Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners by the unique silvery (rarely golden) setose indument of the sessile spikelet.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C6801FF950D1019C77135F91A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C6801FF920FDA187A76B5F7F7.text	0391C91C6801FF920FDA187A76B5F7F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea geminata (Hack.) Ridl.	<div><p>3. Mnesithea geminata (Hack.) Ridl. — Fig. 3</p><p>Mnesithea geminata (Hack.) Ridl. (1907) 163. — Rottboellia geminata Hack. (1891) 48. — [ Rottboellia corymbosa L.f. subvar. geminata (Hack.) Roberty (1960) 65, comb. inval.]. — Coelorachis geminata (Hack.) Clayton (1981) 814. — Type: Ridley 11 (holo W; K, SING, fragment in L).</p><p>Plants perennial. Culms 0.2–0.4 m long, glabrous to pilose or with scattered bulbous-based bristles. Cataphylls ovate to ovate-oblong, (1.5–)5–15(–56) by 1.5–4 mm, puberulous to ciliate along the margin, apex acute to acuminate or mucronate. Nodes setose. Sheaths hairy to setose, margin pilose to ciliate. Ligule 1–1.2 mm long, margin setose. Contra-ligule absent. Blades flat to folded, 8–22 cm by 2.5–10 mm, margins glabrous to pectinate at base, hairy to glabrescent on both sides, setose behind the ligule, smooth. Peduncles solitary, glabrous to hairy. Spatheoles 5–11 cm long. Spikes 2–3.5 by 1.8–3 mm. Spikelets in the lower part in triads, upwards paired. Joints 4.2–5.4 mm long, glabrous to hairy above. Sessile spikelets 4.8–5.4 mm long (incl. callus), about as long as to longer than the joint. Callus hairy. Lower glume convex, ovate-oblong, hairy to setose, smooth to cancellate, yellowish, 7-nerved, apex winged, lower part at keel smooth; upper glume boat-shaped, ovate-oblong, 3.6–3.9 mm long, 3–4-nerved, nerves not anastomosing, glabrous to ciliolate along the infolded margin, apex acute. Lemmas ovate-oblong, 2.8–3.4 mm long, coriaceous, glabrous to ciliolate along the margin, acute. First lemma epaleate, 2–3-nerved; second lemma 3-nerved. Second palea ovate-oblong, 2.6–2.8 mm long, 2-nerved, glabrous to margin ciliolate. Anthers 1.2–1.4 mm long. Pedicel free from the joint, 3.8–4.6 mm long, glabrous to pubescent, smooth. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to 2 glumes, laterally flattened, 0.8–1.6 mm long. Lower glume chartaceous, margins ciliolate to pubescent, apex winged. 2n =?</p><p>Distribution — Malesia: Malay Peninsula (Pahang) and SE Kalimantan (Motley 446: Banjarmasin).</p><p>Habitat — Sandy soil at sea level, coconut groove.</p><p>Notes — The above account is based on four collections only, all in K: Ridley 11, the type, Ridley 15229, Motley 446 and SF 29882 (Corner). Gilliland (1971: 267) mentioned Thailand, but no specimens were seen .</p><p>The first two have joints with two sessile and one pedicelled spikelets (see plate 34a in Gilliland 1971). Motley 446 from SE Kalimantan has some joints with four sessile and two pedicelled spikelets.</p><p>This distribution would seem to be one of the indicators of a drought pocket near Banjarmasin.</p><p>Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners in: Culms 0.2–0.4 m long. Joints 4.2–5.4 mm long. Sessile spikelet callus puberulous; lower glume yellowish.</p><p>Most similar is M. glandulosa:</p><p>1. Culms 0.2–0.4 m long. Sessile spikelet callus puberulous, lower glume laterally without small appendages........</p><p>.................................... M. geminata 1. Culms 0.6–1.9 m long. Sessile spikelet callus ciliolate, lower glume laterally with small appendages.... M. glandulosa</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C6801FF920FDA187A76B5F7F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C6806FF930FDA1F067004FBC4.text	0391C91C6806FF930FDA1F067004FBC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea glandulosa (Trin.) de Koning & Sosef	<div><p>4. Mnesithea glandulosa (Trin.) de Koning &amp; Sosef — Fig. 4</p><p>Mnesithea glandulosa (Trin.) de Koning &amp; Sosef in Veldkamp et al. (1986) 290. — Rottboellia glandulosa Trin. (1832) 250. — Manisuris glandulosa (Trin.) Kuntze (1891) 780. — Coelorachis glandulosa (Trin.) Stapf ex Ridl. (1925) 204. — Type: Anon.in Herb.Trinius 113.1 ‘Java’ (holo LE,microfiche IDC BT-16/1;? L, fragm. ex Herb. Hackel, W).</p><p>[ Rottboellia muricata Retz. [var.α] Buse (preprint Feb.1854) 15; (Aug.1854) 355]. — Rottboellia muricata Retz. var. javanica Buse ex Miq. (1857) 407. — Lectotype: Junghuhn s.n. (holo L, sh. 903.342-444), here designated.</p><p>Rottboellia muricata Retz.var. bandanensis Buse (1856) 102.— Coelorachis glandulosa Ridl. var. bandanensis (Buse) Henrard (1941) 517. — Type: Reinwardt 171 (holo L) (see note).</p><p>[ Rottboellia mutica Llanos (1858) 497,nomen;Fern.-Vill.(1880) 99, 108; corrected to R. muricata by Fern.-Vill. (1882) 314 (differently paged paper in same work) (see note)].</p><p>[ Coelorachis muricata auct.non Brongn.:Brongn.(1831) 64,pro t. 14,descr.]. — [ Rottboellia cylindrica (Michx.) Torr. var. muricata auct. non Roberty: Roberty (1960) 75, nom. inval.]. — Voucher: Ventenat s.n. (P). [Roberty’s combination belongs to Eremochloa muricata (Retz.) Hack.].</p><p>Rottboellia muricata auct. non Retz.: Moritzi (1846) 99. — Ophiuros muricatulus Steud. ((June 1854) 57, nomen) (July 1854) 360. — [ Rottboellia rottboellioides (R.Br.) Druce var. muricata Roberty (1960) 75,comb.inval.]. — Type: Zollinger 352 (holo P; BM, K).</p><p>Plants perennial. Culms 0.6–1.9 m long, glabrous to pilose with scattered bulbous-based bristles. Cataphylls ovate-oblong, (2–)10–27(–48) by (1–)4.5–6(–10) mm, margin puberulous to ciliate, apex acute to acuminate or mucronate, rarely retuse. Nodes glabrous to setose. Sheaths glabrous to hairy, margin glabrous to ciliate. Ligule 0.6–5 mm long, glabrous or margin ciliolate to setose. Contra-ligule absent. Blades flat to folded, (4.5–)11–60(–110) cm by 4–24 mm, margins glabrous to pectinate at base, hairy on one or both sides, glabrescent to glabrous, glabrous to setose behind the ligule, smooth. Peduncles solitary or paired, glabrous. Spatheoles (2–)6.5–12.5(–18) cm long. Spikes (2–)5–9(–12) cm by 1.5–3.5 mm. Spikelets paired. Joints 2.7–5.5 mm long, glabrous to ciliolate at base, smooth. Sessile spikelets 3.8–5.5 mm long (incl. callus), shorter to longer than the joint. Callus ciliolate to hairy. Lower glume flat to convex, ovate-oblong, glabrous to hairy, coriaceous, smooth, yellowish or greenish yellow, sometimes with purplish margins, 6–9-nerved, apex winged, lower part of keels with small appendages; upper glume boat-shaped, ovate-oblong, 2.8–4.9 mm long, 3–7-nerved, nerves anastomosing or not, infolded margin glabrous or ciliolate, apex acute. Lemmas ovate to ovate-oblong, 2.5–3.9 mm long, glabrous to margin ciliolate, apex rounded to acute. First lemma epaleate or paleate, 2.5–3.7 mm long, 2–4-nerved; second lemma 3-nerved. Paleas 2-nerved, glabrous to margin ciliolate; first palea (when present) ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.8–2.8 mm long; second palea ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 2.1–3.1 mm long. Anthers 1.2–2.1 mm long. Pedicel free from the joint, 3.3–5.5 mm long, glabrous to pubescent, smooth. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to 1 glume to well-developed with bisexual upper floret and dorso-ventrally flattened, (0.6–)0.8–1.9(–4.5) mm long. Lower glume chartaceous, glabrous to margins ciliolate, apex winged. Anthers 0.9–1.8 mm long. 2n = 54.</p><p>Distribution — Nicobars (Car), Burma (Prome), Thailand (N: Chiang Mai; C: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri; Peninsular: Nakhon si Thammarat, Songkhla), Cambodia (Kratie), S Vietnam (common, fide Schmid 1958: 194), Malesia: Malay Peninsula (widespread, but rare), Singapore, Sumatra (widespread), Mentawei Isl., P. Enggano, Bangka, Java (all over), Anambas Isl., Borneo (widespread), Celebes (widespread), Talaud, Philippines (see note; Antique, Balabac, Bohol, Busuanga, Cagayan de Sulu, Camiguin, Cu- lion, Guimaras, Jolo, Luzon (Benguet: once Elmer 5823), Mindanao, Mindoro, Palawan, Panay, Siargao, Tawitawi), Lesser Sunda Isles (Flores, Sumbawa), Moluccas (Ambon, Bacan, Banda, Ceram, Halmaheira, Nusa Laut), New Guinea: Aru, Waigeo. The record for Australia (e.g. Merrill 1921) probably is based on a Von Mueller collection cited as R. muricata by Bentham (1878), type of R. ophiuroides Benth. var. commutata Hack., a synonym of R. rottboellioides, q.v.</p><p>Habitat — Sunny, grassy places, fired grasslands, savannahs, disturbed forests, teak forests, along roads, railroads, rivers (? rheophyte), up to 1525 m altitude; locally common.</p><p>Ecology — Beumée (1927) reported the presence of myrmecochory.</p><p>Uses — Yields a considerable amount of leaf, but the old ones and the culms are very hard. According to analyses the nutritional value is also low.</p><p>Notes — Rottboellia mutica was mentioned in a list of names with various literature references, e.g. to Sprengel ’ s Systema vegetabilium, but this one without any, suggesting that it was a new species. It is stated to grow in sugarcane fields. Fernandez-Villar (1882: 314) ‘corrected’ it to Rottboellia muricata, a name often misapplied to Mnesithea glandulosa . The ‘true’ R. muricata ( Eremochloa muricata (Retz.) Hack.) does not occur in the Philippines, while M. glandulosa has not been reported for sugarcane fields (f. Backer 1928). The identity of R. mutica can therefore not be established.</p><p>Buse (1854) distinguished a form from Java with the pedicelled spikelets reduced to two glumes which was formally named var. javanica Buse by Miquel (1857), who cited besides the Junghuhn specimen referred to by Buse also Zollinger (352), the type.</p><p>The var. bandanensis would be distinct by the presence of a stronger indument on the lower glume of the sessile spikelets . Similar hairy glumes were observed in Jacobs 5645 (Brunei) (but also some nearly glabrous), Alston 13411 (W Kalimantan), SAN 33502 (Meijer) (Sabah), Buwalda 6032 (Ceram) and Van Royen 5558 (New Guinea, Vogelkop). In view of the fact that within the material there seems to be a more or less continuous cline from subglabrous to pubescent glumes, being sometimes variable within a single inflorescence (see Jacobs 5645 mentioned above) and that such specimens occur within at least a considerable part of the range, it must be concluded that this variety should not be maintained.</p><p>Bulbous-based hairs occasionally occur, e.g. on the culms (Backer 6858, Java; Bünnemeijer 6469, Sumatra; Endert 2101, Borneo; Hallier f. 649c, Java; Kostermans 21728, Borneo; LÖrzing 13008, Sumatra), or on the upper side of the blades (Backer 5828, 17108, 18838, Java).</p><p>Backer 6858, Dorgelo 109, Koorders 42425 and De Wit 4282 (Java) have blades pubescent on both sides .</p><p>Van Steenis 7530 (Java) has a single joint with two sessile and one pedicelled spikelet. Danser 6981 (Java), Kato B-4431 (Borneo), Kostermans 1141 (Thailand) and Lütjeharms 5394 (Sumatra) have several joints with two sessile and two pedicelled spikelets. De Wit 4217 (Java) has some joints alternat- ingly without any or with five (three sessile and two pedicelled) spikelets.</p><p>Dorgelo 109, PNH 38767 (Kondo &amp; Edaño) and Reinwardt 171 have sessile spikelets without or with a minute first palea.</p><p>In the Philippines the species is restricted to the southern and central Philippines and has not been found in the north-east, except for a single collection from Benguet, Luzon.</p><p>The species is easily recognized by the small appendages along the edges of the lower glume of the sessile spikelet. These are also sometimes found in M. helferi, which otherwise differs only slightly. See the key.</p><p>Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners by: Sessile spikelet 3.8–5.5 mm long (incl. ciliolate callus). Lower glume spikelet smooth, laterally with small appendages.</p><p>Most similar is M. helferi (see key).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C6806FF930FDA1F067004FBC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C6807FF900FDA1B4E7511F8BF.text	0391C91C6807FF900FDA1B4E7511F8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea granularis	<div><p>5. Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning &amp; Sosef — Fig. 5</p><p>Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning &amp; Sosef in Veldkamp (1986) 295. — Cenchrus granularis L. (1771) 575. — Manisuris granularis Naezén (1779) 40, t. 1, f. 4–7; L. (1790) 40, t. 1, f. 1–7; Sw. (1788) 25, isonym. — Tripsacum granulare Raspail (1825) 306. — Hackelochloa granularis Kuntze (1891) 776. — [ Manularis granularis R. Baron (1906) 838, sphalm. for Manisuris]. — Rytilix granularis Raf. ((1830) 219, comb.not made!)) ex Skeels (1913) 20. — Rottboellia granularis Roberty (1960) 79. — Type: Herb. Linn‚ 1217- 12 (LINN, microfiche IDC).</p><p>[ Gramen cyperoides polystachion, spicis ad nodos ex foliorum alis prodeuntibus Sloane (1696) 36; (1707) 120,t. 80,nom.inval. — Voucher:the plate, specimen perhaps in Herb. Sloane, BM].</p><p>[ Rytilix glandulosa Raf. (1830) 219, nomen, error for granularis ?].</p><p>Manisuris porifera Hack. (1891) 48. — Hackelochloa porifera (Hack.) Rhind (1945) 77. — Type: C.B. Clarke 9752-B (holo W; K).</p><p>Plants annual. Culms 0.2–1 m long. Cataphylls absent. Nodes glabrous, puberulous, or setose. Sheaths hairy to setose, margin pilose to ciliate. Ligule 0.6–2 mm long, margin ciliolate. Contra-ligule absent. Blades flat, 2.5–31 cm by 2.5–12 mm, margins pectinate at base, hairy on both sides, glabrous behind the ligule, smooth. Peduncles solitary or paired, glabrous to hairy. Spatheoles 1–3 cm long. Spikes 0.6–3.6 cm by 1.5–2.8 mm. Spikelets paired. Joints 1.4–2.6 mm long, glabrous, smooth. Sessile spikelets 1.5–2.6 mm long (incl. callus), about as long as to longer than the joint. Callus glabrous. Lower glume convex, suborbicular, glabrous, coriaceous, pusticulate, yellowish to greenish yellow, 5–6-nerved, apex rounded, not winged; upper glume concave, ovate-oblong, 1.4–1.8 mm long, glabrous, nerves 3, not anastomosing, margin infolded, apex acute. Lemmas ovate to ovate-oblong, glabrous, apex acute; first lemma epaleate, 1.4–1.7 mm long, 2–3-nerved; second lemma 2-nerved. Paleas 2-nerved, glabrous; second palea ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.1 mm long. Anthers 0.4–0.9 mm long. Pedicel adnate to the joint, 1.6–2.4 mm long, glabrous. Pedicelled spikelets varying from 2 glumes to well-developed with a bisexual floret, laterally to dorso-ventrally flattened, 2.2–4 mm long. Lower glume chartaceous, margins ciliolate, apex winged. Anthers 1.4–1.7 mm long. 2n = 14.</p><p>Distribution — Sikkim, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka to N Vietnam, not yet seen from Cambodia, Laos; Thailand (N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Lamphun, Mae Hong Son; NE: Loei, Nong Khai; SE: Chon Buri), China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan; Malesia: Sumatra (widespread), Malay Peninsula (Pahang, once), Singapore (once), Java (all over), Borneo (Sabah, W-, SE Kalimantan), Celebes (Buton, Kendari, Masamba, Muna, Palu, Tondano, Tukang Besi), Philippines (Cebu, Guimaras, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros Oriental), Lesser Sunda Isl. (Alor, Bali, Flores, Sumba, Sumbawa, Timor, Wetar), Moluccas (Ambon, Buru, Tanimbar, Ternate), New Guinea (Irian Jaya: Jayapura, Vogelkop; Papua New Guinea: Central, Milne Bay, Morobe, New Ireland, E. Highland Prov.).</p><p>Habitat — In open place at mountain ridge, open and fireinduced grassland, weed on sandy soil, near the road side, partly shaded areas among bamboo, somewhat disturbed place in the deciduous dipterocarp oak forest, common in evergreen forest, swampy ground, granite bedrock, 0–1450 m altitude.</p><p>Notes — Easily recognized by the small, subglobose, pusticulate sessile spikelets, and therefore also generally regarded as representing the distinct genus Hackelochloa, see Veldkamp et al. (1986: 294–295). Noltie (2000) regarded H. porifera as distinct from H. granularis: 1. Lower glume of sessile spikelet to 1.7 mm, shallowly pitted,</p><p>ribs between pits broad, rounded. Stipe inconspicuous,</p><p>under 0.5 mm, much narrower than upper part. Racemes to 12.5 mm long....................... H. granularis 1. Lower glume of sessile spikelet over 2 mm, deeply pitted,</p><p>ribs between pits narrow, sharp. Stipe conspicuous, c. 0.7</p><p>mm, almost as broad as upper part, smooth. Racemes over</p><p>20 mm long............................ H. porifera However, when viewed over the whole range these characters appear to break down (Veldkamp et al. 1986: 294). Differs from all congeners by the suborbicular, cancellate lower glume of the 1.5–2.6 mm long sessile spikelet and the 2.2–4 mm long pedicelled spikelet.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C6807FF900FDA1B4E7511F8BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C6804FF900D1018D770D6FA1A.text	0391C91C6804FF900D1018D770D6FA1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea helferi (Hook. f.) de Koning & Sosef	<div><p>6. Mnesithea helferi (Hook.f.) de Koning &amp; Sosef — Fig. 6</p><p>Mnesithea helferi (Hook.f.) de Koning &amp; Sosef in Veldkamp et al.(1986) 291. — Rottboellia helferi Hook.f. (1896) 158. — Coelorachis helferi (Hook.f.) Henrard (1941) 518. — [ Rottboellia corymbosa L.f. subvar. helferi (Hook.f.) Roberty (1960) 65, comb. inval.]. — Type: Helfer 913 (holo K).</p><p>Mnesithea rupincola Ridl.(1911a) 116. — [ Rottboellia corymbosa L.f. subvar. rupincola (Ridl.) Roberty (1960) 65, comb. inval.]. — Type: Ridley 14351 (holo SING; BM, K). Roberty erroneously cited Ridley 372 as the type.</p><p>Plants perennial. Culms 0.4–0.8 m long, glabrous. Cataphylls ovate-oblong, (2.5–)11–26(–35) by (1.5–)2.5–3.8(–5.2) mm, puberulous to ciliate along the margins, apex acute. Nodes puberulous to setose. Sheaths sparsely hairy to hairy, margin pilose to ciliate. Ligule 0.7–2.7 mm long, margin setose. Contra-ligule absent. Blades flat to folded, (14–)22–36(–48) cm by 5 –13 mm, margins pectinate at base, glabrous to hairy on both sides or glabrescent, glabrous to setose behind the ligule, smooth. Peduncles solitary or paired, glabrous. Spatheoles 5.5–14 cm long. Spikes (3–)5.5–7.5(–10) cm by 1.5–3 mm. Spikelets paired, rarely in triads (see note). Joints 3.2–4 mm long, ciliolate to hairy at base. Sessile spikelets 4.8–5.5 mm long (incl. callus), longer than the joint. Callus ciliolate. Lower glume flat to convex, ovate-oblong, glabrous or minutely puberulous, chartaceous to coriaceous, smooth, greenish yellow, 5 –7-nerved, lower part with or without small appendages, apex winged; upper glume boat-shaped, ovate-oblong, 3.7–5 mm long, 3–4-nerved, nerves not anastomosing, ciliolate along the infolded margin, apex acute. Lemmas ovate-oblong, 2.8–3.6 mm long, ciliolate along the margin, apex acute; first lemma paleate, 3.2–3.6 mm long, 3-nerved; second lemma 3-nerved. Paleas 2-nerved, glabrous; first palea ovate-oblong, 2.2–2.7 mm long; second palea ovate-lanceolate, 1.6–2.2 mm long. Anthers 1.3–1.5 mm long. Pedicel free from the joint, 3–4.8 mm long, pubescent. Pedicelled spikelets from virtually absent to 1 mm long and reduced to 2 glumes, laterally flattened. Lower glume chartaceous, margins ciliolate, apex winged.</p><p>Distribution — Burma (Tenasserim), Thailand (NE: Nong Khai; SE: Chanthaburi; C: Saraburi), Cambodia (Kratie), S Vietnam (Biên Hoa), Malesia: Malay Peninsula (Kedah, Penang, Perak).</p><p>Habitat — Rocks in river, shaded more or less dense evergreen forest, c. 150 m altitude.</p><p>Notes — The differences with M. glandulosa are but slight (see key). Future research will have to show whether two taxa can be maintained.</p><p>Nguyen Van Khiem 148 (L), Vietnam (Biên Hoa), may represent the form mentioned by Schmid (1958: 191) as Rottboellia 5. It has joints with two sessile and one pedicelled spikelets as are also present in the type Helfer 913. Poilane 19 Jul 1932 (L, P) also from Biên Hoa, was ‘normal’.</p><p>Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners in: Culms 0.4–0.8 m long. Sessile spikelet 4.8–5.5 mm long (incl. ciliolate callus).</p><p>Most similar is M. glandulosa (see key).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C6804FF900D1018D770D6FA1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C6805FF910D101F0676B6FC53.text	0391C91C6805FF910D101F0676B6FC53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth	<div><p>7. Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth</p><p>For the synonymy see under the varieties.</p><p>Plants perennial. Culms 0.2–1.2 m long. Cataphylls ovate to ovate-oblong, 2–15 by 0.6–2.5 mm, glabrous, apex acute. Nodes glabrous to setose. Sheaths glabrous to sparsely hairy, margin glabrous to pilose. Ligule 0.2–1.8 mm long, margin setose. Contra-ligule absent. Blades flat to folded, 9 – 35 cm by 0.6–4.8 mm, margins at base glabrous or pectinate, glabrous to hairy above, glabrous to setose behind the ligule, smooth. Peduncles 1–4 together, glabrous to hairy. Spatheoles 3.5–6.5 cm long, blade present. Spikes 2.5–10 cm by 1.5–3 mm. Spikelets in pairs or triads. Joints 4.4–6.5 mm long, glabrous, smooth. Sessile spikelets: spikelet 4–5.6 mm long (incl. the glabrous callus), shorter than the joint; lower glume flat to convex, ovate-oblong, glabrous, coriaceous, smooth, laterally without small appendages or sculptured, with longitudinal lines of minute dots, greenish yellow, 4–7-nerved, apex rounded, winged or not; upper glume boat-shaped to concave, ovate-oblong, 3.9–5.1 mm long, glabrous, 2–4-nerved, nerves not anastomosing, margin infolded, apex obtuse to acute; lemmas ovate-oblong, glabrous, apex rounded to acute; first lemma epaleate, 3.8–4.2 mm long, 3–4-nerved; second lemma 2–3-nerved; paleas 2–3-nerved, glabrous; second palea ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 2.7–3.6 mm long; anthers 1.6–2.5 mm long. Pedicel adnate to the joint, 4.4–5.8 mm long, glabrous. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to 1 small scale, laterally flattened, 0.2–0.8 mm long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C6805FF910D101F0676B6FC53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C6805FF9E0D101CC37669FDE4.text	0391C91C6805FF9E0D101CC37669FDE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea laevis var. laevis	<div><p>a. var. laevis — Fig. 7</p><p>Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth (1829) 154. — Rottboellia laevis Retz.(1783) 11. — [ Thyridostachyum laeve (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. (1841) 474, 685, nom. inval.]. — Ophiuros laevis (Retz.) Benth. (1881) 69. — [ Rottboellia corymbosa L.f. subvar. laevis (Retz.) Roberty (1960) 65 (‘var.’), 68, comb. inval.]. — Type: Koenig s.n. (holo LD; fragm. K).</p><p>Rottboellia perforata Roxb.(1798) 43,t. 182. — Hemarthria perforata (Roxb.) Kunth (1829) 153. — Ophiuros perforatus (Roxb.) Trin. (1824) 19, t. 1, f. 2, 3; (1832) 246. — Mnesithea perforata (Roxb.) Haines (1924) 1060, nom. superfl. — Type: Herb. Roxburgh s.n. (holo BM; Icon. Ined. 862, CAL, K ≡ Roxb. (1798) t. 182; Wallich 8873-A, K (microfiche IDC 7394)).</p><p>Diperium cylindricum Desv. (1831a) 180, t. 9, f. 3; (1831b) 76, t. 8, f. 3. — Type: Herb. Desvaux (holo P; perhaps in ANG, FI, G, M, PC).</p><p>Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth var. hirta Jansen (1953) 308. — Type: Eyma 361 (holo BO; L).</p><p>Heteropholis cochinchinensis auct. non Clayton var. cochinchinensis .</p><p>Culms 0.2–1.2 m long. Cataphylls ovate to ovate-oblong, 2 –15 by 1.3–3 mm. Nodes glabrous to setose. Sheaths glabrous to sparsely hairy, margin glabrous to pilose. Ligule 0.2–1.8 mm long. Blades 11–35 cm by 1–4.5 mm, margins at base glabrous, glabrous to hairy above, glabrous to setose behind the ligule. Peduncles glabrous to hairy. Spatheoles 4.5–6.5 cm long. Spikes 2.5–10 cm by 1.5–3 mm. Spikelets usually in triads or paired (upwards, in depauperate specimens only the most basal group a triad, or, very rarely, all paired). Joints 4.4–6.5 mm long. Sessile spikelet 4–5.6 mm long (incl. callus); lower glumes flat to convex, smooth, greenish yellow, 4–5-nerved, apex rounded, winged or not; upper glume of boat-shaped to concave, 3.9–5.1 mm long, 2–3-nerved, apex obtuse to acute; first lemma 3.8–4.2 mm long, 3–4-nerved; paleas 2-nerved; second palea ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 2.9–3.6 mm long. Anthers 1.8–2.5 mm long. Pedicel 4.4–5.8 mm long. Pedicelled spikelets 0.2–0.4 mm long. 2n = 18.</p><p>Distribution — Pakistan to Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand (N: Chiang Mai, Sukhothai, Nakhon Sawan, Kamphaeng Phet; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram; SE: Chon Buri, Kanchanaburi; Peninsular: Songkhla), Laos (Champasak, Saravan), Malesia: Java (Ceribon, Surabaya, Besuki), Madura, Celebes (Rapang), Bali. The variety has been recorded for Laos, Cambodia and S Vietnam, but material from these countries as far as we have seen it all belonged to var. cochinchinensis . The genus was not recorded for Afghanistan by Bor (1970) although it is a country cited for this species and where it possibly may occur.</p><p>Habitat — On rather open grassy slope, dry savannah forest, sunny places, in a dipterocarp-savannah area, along the road, stony soil, up to 1500 m altitude.</p><p>Ecology — Beumée (1927: 419) reported the presence of myrmecochory.</p><p>Uses — Readily eaten by cattle, at least when young. Little valued by the Javanese because of its relative little yield of rather tough leaves mixed with tough culms. Analyses showed a very little nutritional value with an excess of fibre (Backer 1950: 177, sub M. laevis).</p><p>Notes — The species is distinct by the smooth, unappend- aged lower glume of the sessile spikelets, the adnate pedicel, and the much reduced, small pedicelled spikelets.</p><p>Jansen (1953) described a var. hirta on a Celebes collection which notably differed from the generally glabrous Java material by its rather dense bulbous-based bristly indument of the blades and peduncles. Specimens variable in this feature have been seen from Sri Lanka (Clayton 5845, Davidse 7598, Lazarides 7262), while others from Thailand (Van Beusekom &amp; Phengkhlai 1192, Maxwell 75-433) were intermediary. It therefore seems to us that a taxonomic distinction for such hairy specimens cannot be maintained.</p><p>According to the general literature M. laevis would have spikelets in triads. In fact this is not always so. Within the same spike both triads and paired spikelets occur, with a general tendency for the triads to be present at its base and the pairs more upwards. Sometimes the most basal spikelets are paired, followed by triads, and distally again paired. This basal grouplet usually persists after the spike has broken up, and, when consisting of paired spikelets, may cause confusion in identification. In poorly developed specimens the triads may be very few to even totally absent (cf. Kievits 1543, see the discussion by Veldkamp et al. (1986) 284). The distinction against the var. cochinchinensis then becomes very difficult. The var. laevis seems to be distinct by being more robust (60–170 cm tall against up to 50 cm in var. cochinchinensis), while it grows in less disturbed places. The general distribution is also different (see map in Veldkamp et al. 1986: 285).</p><p>In Van Steenis 6648 and 7532 from Ceribon the terminal joints have one sessile and two pedicelled spikelets, the more ‘normal’ type of triad often found in the Andropogoneae . The first collection, moreover, has doubly pedicelled spikelets, i.e. there is an additional internode between the pedicel and the spikelet, which then reaches to 0.5–0.67th of the next higher joint fitting into a shallow excavation there .</p><p>Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners in: Culms 0.2–1.2 m long. Sheaths glabrous to sparsely hairy. Blades margins at base glabrous. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to 1 small scale, 0.2–0.4 mm long.</p><p>Most similar is var. cochinchinensis (see key).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C6805FF9E0D101CC37669FDE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C680AFF9E0D101D2B700CFE5E.text	0391C91C680AFF9E0D101D2B700CFE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea laevis var. cochinchinensis (Lour.) de Koning & Sosef	<div><p>b. var. cochinchinensis (Lour.) de Koning &amp; Sosef — Fig. 8</p><p>Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth var. cochinchinensis (Lour.) de Koning &amp; Sosef in Veldkamp et al. (20 June 1986) 286; C.E.Hubb. ex Santos (no date 1986) 94,isonym inval.,sine basion. — Phleum cochinchinense Lour. (1790) 48. — [ Rottboellia corymbosa L.f. subvar. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Roberty (1960) 65, comb. inval.]. — Heteropholis cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton (1981) 816. — Type: Loureiro s.n. (holo BM).</p><p>Ophiuros monostachyus J. Presl (1830) 330. — Rottboellia monostachya Schmid (1958) 193, nom. inval. — Type: Haenke s.n. (holo PR; Herb. Trinius 133.1, microfiche IDC BT-16/1).</p><p>Ophiurus undatus Nees (1850) 100;Steud.(1854) 360 (‘ undulatus ’). — Type: Cuming 1339 (holo CGE; BM, GOET, K, L, P, W).</p><p>Culms 0.2–0.5 m long. Cataphylls ovate-oblong, 3–9 by 0.6–2.5 mm. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, margin glabrous. Ligule 0.2–0.8 mm long. Blades 9–22 cm by 0.6–4.8 mm, margins at base pectinate, glabrous behind the ligule. Peduncles glabrous. Spatheoles 3.5–5.5 cm long. Spikes 4.5–8.5 cm by 1.8–2.2 mm wide. Spikelets in triads. Joints 5.2–5.4 mm long. Sessile spikelet 4.8–5.1 mm long (incl. callus); lower glumes convex, smooth, smooth or with longitudinal lines of minute dots, greenish yellow, 7-nerved, apex winged; upper glume boat-shaped, 4.2 mm long, 3–4-nerved, apex acute; first lemma 3.9–4.2 mm long, 4-nerved; paleas 2–3-nerved; second palea ovate-oblong, 2.7–3.6 mm long. Anthers 1.6–2.2 mm long. Pedicel 5–5.4 mm long. Pedicelled spikelets 0.6–0.8 mm long. 2n = 36.</p><p>Distribution — Thailand (N: Sukhotai, Nakhon Sawan; SW: Ratchaburi), Laos (Saravan), Cambodia (Kratie), Vietnam, S China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan), Taiwan, Ryu Kyu Isl., Pacific (Carolines (Palau, Jap), Marianas), Malesia: Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao), Buru.</p><p>Habitat — Savannahs, disturbed places, e.g. roadsides, bunds of rice fields, grass fields, 20–600 m altitude.</p><p>Notes — The records for India and Java cited and depicted by De Koning et al. (1983) refer to var. laevis (Veldkamp et al. 1986) .</p><p>Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners in: Nodes glabrous. Margins of the blades at base pectinate. Lower glume of sessile spikelet 7-nerved. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to 1 small scale.</p><p>Most similar is var. laevis (see key).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C680AFF9E0D101D2B700CFE5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C680AFF9F0FDA1EB671F3FEEF.text	0391C91C680AFF9F0FDA1EB671F3FEEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea mollicoma (Hance) A. Camus	<div><p>8. Mnesithea mollicoma (Hance) A.Camus — Fig. 9</p><p>Mnesithea mollicoma (Hance) A. Camus (1919) 57. — Rottboellia mollicoma Hance (1871) 134. — Manisuris mollicoma (Hance) Kuntze (1891) 780. — [ Rottboellia corymbosa L.f. subvar. mollicoma (Hance) Roberty (1960) 65, comb. inval.]. — Coelorachis mollicoma (Hance) Bor (1962) 169. — Lectotype: Hance 7558 (holo G; K, fragm. L, W), designated by Roberty (1960: 66) (see note).</p><p>Mnesithea pubescens Ridl. (1905) 207. — Type: Ridley 11017 (holo K).</p><p>Rottboellia triflora F.T.Hubb. (1914) 257. — Mnesithea triflora (F.T.Hubb.) Jansen (1953) 309. — [ Manisuris triflora (F.T.Hubb.) Chase &amp; Niles (1962) 230, comb. inval. (see note)]. — Type: Ledesma s.n. (holo BH; A, US, W).</p><p>? Rottboellia sp. 4: Schmid (1958) 193.</p><p>Plants perennial. Culms 0.4–0.9 m long, pilose with scattered bulbous-based bristles. Cataphylls ovate to ovate-oblong, (4–)14–24(–32) by 2.5–5.5 mm, puberulous to pilose, apex acute to acuminate or mucronate. Nodes setose. Sheaths setose, margin pilose to ciliate. Ligule 1–3 mm long, margin setose. Contra-ligule absent. Blades flat, (9–)26–35(–47) cm by 6–12 mm, margins pectinate at base, hairy on both sides, setose behind the ligule, smooth. Peduncles solitary or paired, hairy. Spatheoles 8–16 cm long. Spikes 3.5–8 cm by 1.8–2.5 mm. Spikelets in the lower part with triads or all paired. Joints 3.6–5.2 mm long, glabrous to ciliolate at base, smooth. Sessile spikelets 4.4–6.2 mm long (incl. callus), longer than the joint. Callus hairy. Lower glume convex, ovate-oblong, hairy, coriaceous, cancellate, greenish yellow, sometimes with purplish margins, 6–7-nerved, lower part at keel smooth, apex winged; upper glume boat-shaped to concave, ovate-oblong, 3.3–5 mm long, 4–5-nerved, nerves anastomosing or not, ciliolate along the infolded margin, apex acute. Lemmas ovate-oblong, 2.8–4.1 mm long, glabrous to ciliolate along the margin, acute. First lemma epaleate or paleate, 2.5–3.8 mm long, 3–4-nerved; second lemma 3-nerved. Paleas 2-nerved, margin ciliolate; first palea ovate-lanceolate, 2.3–2.7 mm long; second palea ovate-lanceolate, 2.3–2.5 mm long. Anthers 1.6–2.1 mm long. Pedicel free from the joint, 4.2–6.4 mm long, glabrous, smooth. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to 2 glumes, laterally flattened, 0.6–0.9 mm long. Lower glume chartaceous, glabrous to margin ciliolate, apex winged. 2n = 18.</p><p>Distribution — Vietnam (widespread, fide Schmid 1958: 194), Thailand (N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum; SE: Chan- thanaburi) to S China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan); Malesia: Malay Peninsula (Johor),? Singapore (Wallich 8876, but never found there again), Sumatra (E Coast, fide Jansen 1953), Java (Priangan, Cianjur, see note), Palawan.</p><p>Habitat — Partly shaded, disturbed and overgrown places, sunny, dry places, in hedges and thickets, light deciduous (oakdipterocarp) forest, along roads, granite bedrock, 400–1200 m altitude (‘low altitudes’ in Palawan) .</p><p>Ecology — Beumée (1927: 419) reported the presence of myrmecochory (sub M. pubescens).</p><p>Uses — Backer (1950: 176, sub M. pubescens) noted that a large amount of soft leaf was produced which was well-liked by cattle.Analyses showed a very satisfactory nutrition value. The yield was much lower than that of Panicum maximum Jacq., however, and did not increase after manuring.</p><p>Notes — The type of Rottboellia mollicoma is represented in K by two sheets. One has no original label, but is annotated ‘1862’ and bears a note by C.B. Clarke “ This is the type ”. Hance said he had collected the species first in October 1861. The other sheet has an original label which bears the date August 1869. Roberty with an exclamation mark following Clarke ’ s selection designated the G duplicate as the lectotype (‘type’). However, if a specimen with the date October 1861 does exist that should take precedence as the lectotype.</p><p>Mnesithea mollicoma differs mainly from M. cancellata by the pubescence of the spikelet and the shorter pedicelled spikelets. Msesithea mollicoma is usually densely hairy, but some exceptions were observed:</p><p>Backer s.n. (1918) from Java has the lower glumes of the sessile spikelets almost glabrous to nearly so with hardly excurrent nerves. This is the only specimen seen from Java. Beumée (1927) and Backer (1950) have suggested that it was imported, e.g. with rubber seeds from Malaya; in 1918 it had locally become quite common in Imperata-fields. More recent collections are lacking.</p><p>Ledesma s.n., the type of Rottboellia triflora, has nearly glabrous culms and blades, but the nodes are hairy. The upper glume is flatter than usually seen, slightly keeled with ciliolate margins. The dimensions of the width of the blade, the length of the glumes, lemmas, paleas are all rather small. This form seems to be linked to the more ‘normal’ representatives of M. mollicoma by Smitinand 1827 from Thailand which has nearly glabrous culms, nodes and blades. Moreover, the leaves of this collection are exceptionally narrow (4–7 mm) and the plant is only 40 cm tall. Because of this transitional form, al- beit with quite a different provenance, Rottboellia triflora has been included in this species. More material from Palawan is required to see how variable that population is and whether or not it should have a separate status after all.</p><p>Chase &amp; Niles (1962) is an off-set of a card system prepared at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington (D.C.). Although there is no disclaimer in the introduction, one should regard any new combination or lectotypification made there as not having been validly published (Art. 34.1.a), being personal notes and not officially published in subsequent publications. See also Ramella et al. (2011).</p><p>Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners in: Sheaths setose. Sessile spikelet callus puberulous; lower glume cancellate, hairy.</p><p>Most similar is M. glandulosa:</p><p>1. Sheaths glabrous to hairy.Peduncles glabrous. Sessile spikelet callus ciliolate; lower glume smooth, laterally with small appendages......................... M. glandulosa</p><p>1. Sheaths setose. Peduncles hairy. Sessile spikelet callus puberulous; lower glume cancellate........ M. mollicoma</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C680AFF9F0FDA1EB671F3FEEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C680BFF9C0FDA1E2576B5FB51.text	0391C91C680BFF9C0FDA1E2576B5FB51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea rottboellioides (R. Br.) de Koning & Sosef	<div><p>9. Mnesithea rottboellioides (R.Br.) de Koning &amp; Sosef — Fig. 10</p><p>Mnesithea rottboellioides (R.Br.) de Koning &amp; Sosef in Veldkamp et al. (1986) 291. — Ischaemum rottboellioides R.Br. (1810) 205. — Andropogon rottboellioides (R.Br.) R.Br. ex Steud. (1854) 382. — Rottboellia ophiuroides Benth. (1878) 514, nom. superfl.; Hack. (1889) 303 (incl. var. genuina Hack., nom. inval.). — Manisuris rottboellioides (R.Br.) Kuntze (1891) 779. — Rottboellia rottboellioides (R.Br.) Druce (1917) 644; Reeder (1948) 354,isonym. — Coelorachis rottboellioides (R.Br.) A. Camus (1921) 197. — Type: R. Brown 6156 (holo BM (photo BRI);CANB (?), MEL (photo BRI), NSW (photo BRI)).</p><p>Rottboellia ophiuroides Benth. var. commutata Hack. (1889) 304. — Coelorachis rottboellioides (R.Br.) A.Camus var. commutata (Hack.) Henrard (1941) 519. — Type: F. v. Mueller s.n. (holo W, fragm. &amp; photo in BRI; photo K, MELB; iso BRI).</p><p>Rottboellia ophiuroides Benth.var. vestita Domin (1915) 261. — Type: Domin I 1910 (holo PR, photo BRI), Queensland, Yarraba, savannah forests.</p><p>Rottboellia ophiuroides Benth.var. intermedia Hack.(1906) 265. — Coelorachis rottboellioides (R.Br.) A.Camus var. intermedia (Hack.) Jansen (1953) 255. — Lectotype: Elmer 6393 (BO, K, PNH lost, W), designated here.</p><p>Coelorachis rottboellioides (R.Br.) A.Camus var. hirsuta Jansen (1953) 255. — Lectotype: Carr 11134 (holo L), here designated.</p><p>Plants perennial. Culms (0.6–)1.6–2.5(–3) m long, glabrous. Cataphylls ovate-oblong, (2–)18–26(–48) mm by (1.5–)6–9(–16) mm, glabrous, apex acuminate to mucronate. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous to hairy, margin glabrous to ciliate. Ligule 1.5–5 mm long, glabrous or margin ciliolate to setose. Contra-ligule glabrous to pubescent. Blades flat to folded, (13–)23–38(–95) cm by 2–27 mm, margins glabrous at base, hairy on both sides to glabrescent, glabrous to setose behind the ligule, smooth. Peduncles solitary or paired, glabrous. Spatheoles 2.5–7.5 cm long. Spikes 2–10.5 cm by 1–3 mm. Spikelets paired. Joints 2–3.4 mm long, glabrous, smooth. Sessile spikelets 2.5–4.2 mm long (incl. callus), longer than the joint. Callus glabrous. Lower glume flat, ovate-oblong, glabrous, chartaceous, smooth, greenish yellow to margins purplish, 6–8-nerved, lower part at keel smooth, apex winged; upper glume boat-shaped, ovate-oblong, 3–3.8 mm long, glabrous, 3–4-nerved, nerves not anastomosing, margin infolded, apex acute. Lemmas ovate-oblong, 2.4–3.2 mm long, glabrous, apex acute; first lemma epaleate, 2.7–3.2 mm long, 3-nerved; second lemma 2–3-nerved. Second palea ovate-oblong, 2.1–2.7 mm long, 2-nerved, glabrous. Anthers 1.2–2.1 mm long. Pedicel free from the joint, 1.8–3.8 mm long, glabrous, smooth. Pedicelled spikelets well-developed with a male or bisexual floret, dorso-ventrally flattened, 3–3.8 mm long. Lower glume chartaceous, glabrous, winged. Anthers 1.2–1.7 mm long. 2n =?</p><p>Distribution — Malesia: Philippines (Bohol, Cebu, Guimaras, Luzon, Mindanao, Panay, Siargao), Lesser Sunda Isl. (Flores, Sawu, Tanimbar, Timor, Wetar), New Guinea: Irian Jaya: Jayapura, Merauke; Papua New Guinea: Central, Madang, Milne Bay, Morobe, Northern, Western Prov.; Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory, W Australia) and? Polynesia (fide Warburg 1890: 260), but not in e.g. Fosberg et al. (1987: 19).</p><p>Habitat — Sunny, grassy places, burned grasslands, savannahs, swampy areas, roadsides, along railroads, Eucalyptus forests, up to 2320 m altitude; locally dominant.</p><p>Vernacular name — Baron river tussock grass (E).</p><p>Uses — An analysis showed nutritional value to be consider- ably below the average (Backer 1950: 176, as R. ophiuroides). In Goodenough Island widely used for thatching (Burcham 1948: 414, t. 2, 3).</p><p>Notes — The species is easily recognized by the smooth lower glume of the sessile spikelets apically with distinct auricles.</p><p>The var. commutata would be distinct by bulbous-based bristles on the lower glume of the sessile spikelets . This feature is variable within a single spike and therefore there seems to be no other reason to maintain this taxon.</p><p>A form described as var. vestita by Domin from Australia and as var. hirsuta by Jansen from New Guinea would be distinct by the presence of densely hairy sheaths (especially the upper ones) and blades (e.g. Carr 11134, lectotype of the second), but Hoogland 4690 and NGF 22056 (Gillison) have glabrous sheaths and hairy blades. Many specimens have blades that are pubescent on the upper surface only, and several have completely glabrous blades. It seems therefore impossible to maintain this variety.</p><p>In the Philippine var. intermedia the lower glume of the sessile spikelet is only shortly winged above the middle. The expres- sion of this feature, however, is quite variable, and insufficient to base a taxon on.</p><p>Van Borssum Waalkes 3156 (Tanimbar) and HÖft 3230 (Morobe Prov.) (L) have joints with two sessile and two pedicelled spikelets.</p><p>Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners in: Cataphylls glabrous. Sessile spikelet callus glabrous; lower glume chartaceous. Pedicelled spikelets composed of 2 glumes and 1 male or bisexual floret.</p><p>Most similar is M. glandulosa:</p><p>1. Cataphylls puberulous to ciliate along the margin. Sessile spikelet callus ciliolate; lower glume coriaceous, laterally with small appendages................ M. glandulosa 1. Cataphylls glabrous. Sessile spikelet callus glabrous; lower glume chartaceous, laterally without small appendages..</p><p>................................ M. rottboellioides</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C680BFF9C0FDA1E2576B5FB51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C6808FF9A0FDA1F0676B4FB16.text	0391C91C6808FF9A0FDA1F0676B4FB16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea striata (Steud.) de Koning & Sosef	<div><p>10. Mnesithea striata (Nees ex Steud.) de Koning &amp; Sosef — Fig. 11</p><p>Mnesithea striata (Nees ex Steud.) de Koning &amp; Sosef in Veldkamp et al. (1986) 292. — Rottboellia striata Nees ex Steud. (1854) 361; Hack.(1889) 302 (incl. ssp. genuina Hack., nom. inval., var. glabrior Hack., nom.inval.). — Coelorachis striata (Nees ex Steud.) A. Camus (1921) 197, pro comb. — Manisuris striata (Nees ex Steud.) Kuntze (1891) 779. — [ Rottboellia rottboellioides (R.Br.) Druce var. striata (Nees ex Steud.) Roberty (1960) 76, comb. inval.]. — Lectotype: Wallich 8877-C (Gomez) (holo P; K, W), designated by Veldkamp et al. (1986: 292).</p><p>Rottboellia striata Nees ex Steud.var. pubescens Hack.(1889) 302. — Coelorachis striata (Nees ex Steud.) A.Camus var. pubescens (Hack.) Henrard (1941) 519; Bor (1960) 121,isonym. — Type: Hook.f.&amp; T.Thomson s.n. (holo W; K, L).</p><p>Rottboellia merguensis Hook.f. (1896) 158. — Mnesithea merguensis (Hook.f.) A. Camus (1919) 59. — [ Rottboellia corymbosa L.f. subvar. merguensis (Hook.f.) Roberty (1960) 65, comb. inval.]. — Lectotype: Helfer 457 (holo K, fragm. in L; G), designated by Roberty (1960, ‘437’), holotype designated here.</p><p>Coelorachis striata (Nees ex Steud.)A.Camus var. laevis Stapf ex Bor (1960) 121. — Type: Wallich 8877-A (holo K), erroneously cited as ‘ 8877-D ’ by Bor.</p><p>Plants perennial. Culms 1.5–2.5 m long. Cataphylls ovate to ovate-oblong, 5–24 by 2–9.5 mm, glabrous to puberulous, apex acute to acuminate. Nodes glabrous to puberulous. Sheaths glabrous to hairy, margin glabrous to pilose. Ligule 1–4.5 mm long, glabrous or margin setose. Contra-ligule absent or present, glabrous. Blades flat to folded, 15–43 cm by 6–35 mm, margins glabrous to pectinate at base, glabrous to hairy on both sides, glabrous behind the ligule, smooth. Peduncles solitary or paired, glabrous to hairy. Spatheoles 3–5.5 cm long. Spikes 2.5–4 cm by 1.8–2.2 mm. Spikelets in the lower part in triads, or all paired. Joints 5.5–6.5 mm long, glabrous, smooth to ciliolate at base. Callus glabrous to ciliolate. Sessile spikelet 5.8–6.8 mm long (incl. callus), longer than the joint. Lower glume convex, ovate-oblong, glabrous, coriaceous, with lines of small slits, yellowish with purplish margins, 7-nerved, apex winged. Upper glume boat-shaped, ovate-oblong, 5.2–6.1 mm long, glabrous, 3–4-nerved, not anastomosing, margin infolded, apex obtuse to acute. Lemmas ovate-oblong, glabrous to ciliolate along the margin, apex rounded to acute; first lemma paleate, 4.8–5.9 mm long, 2–3-nerved; second lemma 3-nerved. Paleas 2-nerved, glabrous or with ciliolate margin; first palea ovate-lanceolate, 2.9–3.4 mm long; second palea ovate-oblong, 2.3–2.8 mm long. Anthers 1.4–1.6 mm long. Pedicel free to adnate to the joint, 5.4–5.8 mm long, glabrous to pubescent. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to 2 glumes, laterally to dorso-ventrally flattened, 1–2 mm long. Lower glume chartaceous, glabrous to margins ciliolate, apex winged. 2n = 36.</p><p>Distribution — Burma (Mergui) to S Vietnam and S China (S Yunnan); Thailand (N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun; NE: Khonkaen; SW: Kanchanaburi; Peninsular: Phangnga). Mentioned for Singapore by Wallich and so cited by others, but Wallich 8876 is M. mollicoma . It is erroneously cited as the type of M. striata by Roberty (1960).</p><p>Noltie (2000: 829, t. 62k) reported the species for ‘Terai’, an area along the S border of Bhutan with Assam.</p><p>Habitat — Sunny places, old clearings, in the area between the deciduous dipterocarp oak-forest and a bamboo hardwood zone, moist savannah on clay, dry evergreen or mixed ( Quercus) forest, along the road, granite bedrock, 25–1325 m altitude, locally common.</p><p>Notes — The species is best recognized by the glabrous lower glume of the sessile spikelets without appendages and with lines of small slits (which, however, are nearly absent in var. laevis Bor). For differences with M. helferi, see there.</p><p>The reasons for the lectotypification of M. striata and the reduction of the varieties has been discussed by Veldkamp et al. (1986: 292).</p><p>Part of Helfer 457 (syntype of M. merguensis) has pedicelled spikelets on two-jointed pedicels. One joint had four sessile and two pedicelled spikelets. Some other joints had two sessile and one pedicelled spikelets. The lower glumes have some pusticules with hairs .</p><p>Two collections from Thailand (Van Beusekom et al. 3597 (L, P) and Iwatsuki et al. T-10929 (L) have the pedicel fused to the joint in the lower part to completely so, while in the other specimens seen they were usually completely free.</p><p>Geesink &amp; Santisuk 5004 (L, P) has lower glumes with pusticules on the keels. Tran Van Hing 196 has some joints with three sessile and two pedicelled spikelets. This specimen has hairy culms, sheaths and blades. It is the only collection seen from Vietnam, all other references seem to refer to M. cancellata (q.v.).</p><p>Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners in: Culms 1.5–2.5 m long. Sessile spikelet 5.8–6.8 mm long (incl. callus); upper glume 5.2–6.1 mm long.</p><p>Most similar are M. cancellata and M. glandulosa:</p><p>1. Culms 0.4–1.1 m long. Sessile spikelet 4.3–5.8 mm long (incl. callus); lower glume cancellate; upper glume 3.3–5.1 mm long............................ M. cancellata 1. Culms 1.5–2.5 m long. Sessile spikelet 5.8–6.8 mm long (incl. callus); lower glume with longitudinal lines of small slits; upper glume 5.2–6.1 mm long.............. M. striata 2. Sessile spikelet 3.8–5.5 mm long (incl. callus); lower glume smooth, laterally with small appendages; upper glume 2.8– 4.9 mm long......................... M. glandulosa 2. Sessile spikelet 5.8–6.8 mm long (incl. callus); lower glume smooth, laterally without small appendages and with lines of small slits; upper glume 5.2–6.1 mm long.... M. striata</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C6808FF9A0FDA1F0676B4FB16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
0391C91C680EFF9A0D101A7571FCFDC9.text	0391C91C680EFF9A0D101A7571FCFDC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnesithea thailandica Traiperm & Boonkerd	<div><p>11. Mnesithea thailandica Traiperm &amp; Boonkerd — Fig. 12</p><p>Mnesithea thailandica Traiperm &amp; Boonkerd (in Traiperm et al. 2010) 341, t. 1. — Type: Paisooksantivathana &amp; S. Suutheesorn y1048-82 (holo BK).</p><p>Description based on Traiperm &amp; Boonkerd (in Traiperm et al. 2010).</p><p>Plants perennial (cataphylls probably present). Culms 0.26 m long. Nodes puberulous. Sheaths hairy. Ligule 0.5 mm long, margin ciliolate. Blades flat, 5–20 cm long, 4–8 mm wide, hairy on both sides. Peduncles solitary. Spikes 6 cm long. Spikelets paired. Joints 2–2.5 mm long, hairy in the lower half. Sessile spikelet callus puberulous. Sessile spikelet 4–5 mm long (incl. callus); spikelets longer than the joint. Lower glume convex, ovate-oblong, hairy, smooth, laterally without small appendages, apex winged. Upper glume boat-shaped, ovate-oblong, 3 mm long, hairy along the keel. First lemma paleate. Anthers 1 mm long. Pedicel free from the joint, 3 mm long, pubescent. Pedicelled spikelets reduced to 2 glumes, dorso-ventrally flattened.</p><p>Distribution — Thailand. Northeast: Roi Et (formerly Saket Nakhon): Suwanaphoom District, Nayai, Ban Hang Hoey.</p><p>Habitat — Common in rice fields, c. 100 m altitude.</p><p>Notes — Only known from the type collection. A request to BK (24 Jan. 2012) for additional data or a loan remained unanswered.</p><p>The description above had to be summarised from the publi- cation and is not congruent with the other ones given here. A later visit by the authors to the area showed that it had been converted to industrial development. Differs from the Malesian / Thai congeners in: Ligule 0.5 mm long. Joints 2–2.5 mm long, hairy in the lower half. Upper glume of sessile spikelet hairy along the keel. Most similar is M. laevis var. laevis: 1. Sheaths glabrous to sparsely hairy; blades glabrous or hairy above. Joints 4.4–6.5 mm long. Upper glume of sessile spikelet 3.9–5.1 mm long. Pedicel 4.4–5.8 mm long........</p><p>.............................. M. laevis var. laevis 1. Sheaths hairy; blades hairy on both sides. Joints 2–2.5 mm</p><p>long. Upper glume of sessile spikelet 3 mm long. Pedicel</p><p>3 mm long.......................... M. thailandica</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391C91C680EFF9A0D101A7571FCFDC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veldkamp, J. F.;Heidweiller, J.;Klaauw, M. A. F. van der;Koning, R. de;Kraaijeveld, A. R.;Sosef, M. S. M.;Strucker, R. C. W.	Veldkamp, J. F., Heidweiller, J., Klaauw, M. A. F. van der, Koning, R. de, Kraaijeveld, A. R., Sosef, M. S. M., Strucker, R. C. W. (2013): A revision of Mnesithea (Gramineae - Rottboelliinae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 58 (3): 277-292, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X678257, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x678257
