identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039EEC1EFFD5FFD00F28FC9AFAC7DC98.text	039EEC1EFFD5FFD00F28FC9AFAC7DC98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epithemateae	<div><p>Key to the genera of Tribe Epithemateae in India</p><p>1. Leaves mostly opposite, those of a pair ± of same shape and size, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical at base, first cauline leaf solitary and distinctly larger than the paired leaves; inflorescences in terminal and axillary positions, consisting of a stalk, a single denseflowered head (much condensed pair-flowered, ebracteolate cyme, flowers in four rows), and a small or conspicuous cucullate subtending bract; fruit a pyxis (capsule with circumscissile dehiscence, bowl-shaped when open) ................................................. Epithema</p><p>1. Leaves alternate, or if opposite then those of a pair strongly unequal (anisophyllous), always strongly asymmetrical at base; inflorescences either unilateral racemes in terminal position or pair-flowered cymes in axillary positions; fruit capsular, opening with two or four valves, or breaking irregularly in pieces .................. 2</p><p>2. Leaves (in the Indian species) always alternate (by complete reduction of smaller leaf); inflorescence a terminal, unilateral raceme, flowers several to many, placed in two rows (superficially similar to a scorpioid cyme), all or some associated with a small subtending bract or bracts lacking; corolla strongly bilabiate, with enlarged, undivided plate-like or 3-parted lower lip, and upper lip reduced to a small erect or reflexed bilobed rim, mouth closed (personate) .................. Rhynchoglossum</p><p>2. Leaves in pairs, those of a pair strongly unequal in size; inflorescences cymose, either pair-flowered or conventional cymes, ebracteolate; corolla almost actinomorphic or with bilabiate limb, lower lip not much enlarged, mouth open ............................................................... 3</p><p>3. Small leaves ± of same shape as the large leaves; inflorescences pair-flowered cymes, emerging only from the axils of the large leaves, ebracteolate; calyx imbricate (margins overlapping); corolla zygomorphic, bilabiate, short-tubed-infundibuliform; ovary bilocular, with axile placentae (four ovule-bearing arms arising from the middle of the complete septum) ........................................... Whytockia</p><p>3. Small leaves reduced to scale- or stipule-like appendages; inflorescence a terminal thyrse, in vigorous plants comprising 2–3 pair-flowered or conventional cymes; calyx valvate-plicate; corolla either actinomorphic and ecalcarate, or bilabiate and with distinct spur at base; ovary unilocular, placentae parietal ...... Stauranthera</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EEC1EFFD5FFD00F28FC9AFAC7DC98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	M., Taram;D., Borah;H., Tag;M., MÖller;Weber, A.	M., Taram, D., Borah, H., Tag, M., MÖller, Weber, A. (2022): Whytockia (Gesneriaceae), a new generic record for India, based on a new species, W. arunachalensis, from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Rheedea 32 (1): 18-29, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.01.02
039EEC1EFFD5FFD30DB8FB40FCC5DAAF.text	039EEC1EFFD5FFD30DB8FB40FCC5DAAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Whytockia W. W. Sm.	<div><p>Whytockia W.W.Sm.,</p><p>Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 27: 338. 1919.</p><p>Type: Whytockia chiritiflora (Oliv.) W.W.Sm.</p><p>Perennial herbs. Stem base decumbent or creeping, rooting from the nodes, flowering stem ascending or erect; rarely branched or branching from the creeping part (from the axils of fallen leaves). Leaves strongly anisophyllous, thinly membranous, pubescent, with scattered, sessile chalk glands on the underside, sessile or the large-leaves with a short petiole, ovate, strongly unequal at base, apex acute, margins obscurely serrate. Cymes unilateral (pair-flowered cincinni) emerging from the axils of the large leaves, ebracteolate. Sepals free or connate at base, aestivation descending-imbricate, slightly striate (by the presence of secretory canals), chalk glands on inner sides. Corolla white or pink to light violet-purple, short tubular to infundibuliform, limb bilabiate, lobes rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted at corolla base; filaments hairy in the upper part; anthers coherent, thecae divaricate. Ovary globose or subglobose, glabrous, bilocular throughout or for the most part, placentation axile; style strongly set off from ovary; stigma capitate or bilobed. Capsule globose or subglobose, 2-valved or opening irregularly.</p><p>Brief taxonomic history of Whytockia</p><p>Whytockia is one of the seven genera of Gesneriaceae subfam. Didymocarpoideae tribe Epithemateae . Its closest ally is the unifoliate genus Monophyllaea R.Br. (Weber, 1976), both forming the subtribe Monophyllaeinae within tribe Epithemateae (Weber et al., 2013) . Whytockia was established by W.W. Smith (1919, honouring James Whytock, 1845-1926, then president of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh during the years 1917-1920) for a species originally described in Stauranthera Benth., S. chiritiflora Oliv. Concomitantly, Smith (1919) also described a new variety of this species ( S. chiritiflora var. minor W.W.Sm.). More than 20 years later, Burtt (1941) transferred a species of Rhychoglossum Blume (from Taiwan) to Whytockia ( W. sasakii (Hayata) B.L.Burtt). More than 40 years later, another species of Stauranthera was transferred to Whytockia: W. tsiangiana (Hand.-Mazz.) A.Weber (Weber 1982, with recognition of three varieties). More recently, and essentially by the work of Wang (1995, 2003) and Wang and Li (1997, 2000), the species number was raised to eight and one variety (GRC, 2022), either by description of new species ( W. bijiensis Yin Z.Wang &amp; Z.Yu Li, W. gongshanensis, W. hekouensis Yin Z.Wang, W. purpurascens Yin Z.Wang), or raising a variety to species rank ( W. wilsonii (A.Weber) Yin Z.Wang).</p><p>The nature of the species of Whytockia</p><p>Most of the species of Whytockia are known only from a single locality. The specific differences are rather slight. Only one species, W. tsiangiana, has a wide distribution, covering South and Central China (from Yunnan to Hunan provinces; Wang et al., 1998). This is followed by the close ally W. sasakii, known from the north-eastern part of Taiwan. The remaining species are known only from a single locality, with the newly collected Indian material having the furthest western distribution. Very little is known about the variability of W. tsiangiana across its distribution area, and a critical study of Whytockia, based on recollections and molecular data, is badly needed. Despite this shortcoming, we below critically compare the Indian material with its congeners, in particular with its morphologically closest, W. tsiangiana and W. sasakii, to establish its new species status.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EEC1EFFD5FFD30DB8FB40FCC5DAAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	M., Taram;D., Borah;H., Tag;M., MÖller;Weber, A.	M., Taram, D., Borah, H., Tag, M., MÖller, Weber, A. (2022): Whytockia (Gesneriaceae), a new generic record for India, based on a new species, W. arunachalensis, from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Rheedea 32 (1): 18-29, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.01.02
039EEC1EFFD0FFDB0DB8F963FECDDCE0.text	039EEC1EFFD0FFDB0DB8F963FECDDCE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Whytockia arunachalensis , Taram, D. Borah & Tag 2022	<div><p>Whytockia arunachalensis Taram, D.Borah &amp; Tag, sp. nov. Figs. 1–4</p><p>Whytockia arunachalensis can be distinguished from all other species in the genus (particularly the whiteflowered W. sasakii and W. tsiangiana) by its relatively large habit and large leaves (the largest in the genus; up to 18 × 10 cm vs. W. sasakii 10.5 × 4.5 cm; W. tsiangiana 13 × 4.5 cm), by the dense and c. 1 mm long stem indumentum (vs. W. sasakii glabrescent; W. tsiangiana puberulent), the dense c. 1 mm, thin, and erect leaf indumentum (vs. sparsely puberulent in both species), and calyx with uniform 1.5 mm long indumentum (vs. asymmetric calyx indumentum in both species). From W. sasakii and W. tsiangiana, the new species can be further distinguished by the puberulent outer side of the corolla (vs. glabrous in both species), the presence of two rows of pinkish glandular hairs on the corolla tube floor in Whytockia arunachalensis (vs. two rows of yellow glandular hairs in both species), glandular unicellular hairs around the tube opening (vs. limited to lateral patches in both species).</p><p>Type: INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh, East Siang district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.129585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.13225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.129585/lat 28.13225)">Rottung</a>, N 28°07’56.1'’, E 95°07’46.5'’, around 200 m, 08.07.2021, Taram 9699 (holo CAL!; iso ASSAM!).</p><p>Perennial caulescent herbs. Stems 20–60 cm tall, 0.5–1 cm in across, shortly hairy (c. 1mm long), hairs white-hyaline, erect, usually not branched, base decumbent, rooting at lower nodes, dirty green to dark purple in fresh material, internodes 4–15 cm long. Leaves opposite, anisophyllous, in each pair very unequal in size, sessile, adaxially yellowishgreen, abaxially pale green; dense white hyaline indumentum of c. 1 mm long uniform uniseriate, erect, eglandular hairs on both surfaces; larger leaves ovate, 8–18 × 5–10 cm, asymmetrical, base oblique to cordate, apex acute to acuminate, margins entire or sub-entire, lateral veins sub-opposite, 11–13 pairs; smaller leaves ovate 1.5–3 × 1–1.5 cm, base cuneate, apex acute, margin sub-entire to serrate, lateral veins sub-opposite, 2–3 pairs. Inflorescences 1(–2) with pair-flowered cincinni, axillary, emerging from the axils of the larger leaves, uppermost one often pseudo-terminal, ebracteolate, lax, shortly hairy, 6–10 cm long, each with 3–12 flowers, flowers in pairs; peduncles 1.5–4 cm long, pedicels 0.6–1 cm long, both covered in short (c. 1 mm) erect glandular hairs. Calyx segments free to base, 5 (rarely 6), imbricate, lanceolate, 0.3–0.6 × 0.1–0.2 cm, outer surface with long, perpendicularly spreading eglandular hairs, glabrous inside. Corolla plain white, zygomorphic, short tubular infundibuliform, 1.8–2.3 cm long, face 1.2–1.4 cm wide, tube 0.8–1.5 cm long, mouth c. 0.4 cm high, c. 0.25 cm wide, slightly curved downwards, puberulent outside, glandular unicellular hairs (0.3–0.7 mm long) around the tube opening and towards the base, inner side of tube with two rows of pink, clavate to capitate hairs on the floor and two rows of smaller white glandular hairs to the left and right along the tube floor from corolla base to mouth; limb 2-lipped; adaxial lip 2- lobed, lobes c. 0.2 × 0.2 cm, round, abaxial lip 3- lobed, lobes 0.2–0.6 × 0.2–0.4 cm, ovate to orbicular. Stamens 4, up to 0.4 cm, adnate to corolla tube near base, included, didynamous; filaments of abaxial (anterior) stamens 0.2–0.3 cm long, those of adaxial (posterior) stamens 0.1–0.2 cm long, all 0.5 mm thick, strongly twisted near middle, glabrescent; anthers 0.1 × 0.1 cm, dorsifixed, confluent at apex, coherent in pairs, long papillose on the back. Staminode 1, linear, c. 0.1 cm long, glabrous. Disc annular, c. 0.5 mm high, orange. Pistils 0.6–0.9 cm long; ovary globose, c. 0.2 × 0.2 cm, glabrous, 2-loculed with a complete transversal septum; placentae 2, axile, 2-cleft, each of the 4 ovule-bearing arms projecting inwards; style 0.4– 0.6 cm long, sharply set off from ovary, bent downwards near tip, glabrescent; stigma bilobed, lobes placed laterally, 0.1– 0.1 cm long. Ripe fruits, dehiscence and seeds not known. Immature seeds brown, unappendaged.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering from July to August, fruiting from August to September.</p><p>Habitat: The plants grow in moist shady places near stream sides in association with Rhynchotechum parviflorum Blume and Henckelia urticifolia (Buch.- Ham. ex D.Don) A.Dietr. ( Gesneriaceae), Impatiens siangensis Gogoi ( Balsaminaceae), Phrynium pubinerve Blume ( Marantaceae), Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. ( Araliaceae), Musa sp. ( Musaceae), Elatostema sp. ( Urticaceae), and Strobilanthes sp. ( Acanthaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Thus far, only two populations have been observed, one in Rottung and another in Boleng, in the East Siang and Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh and roughly 40 km apart as the crow flies.</p><p>Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the state of Arunachal Pradesh, where this species was discovered.</p><p>Additional specimens examined: INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh, Siang district, Boleng, around 500 m, 15.07.2021, Taram 9721 (ASSAM) .</p><p>Conservation status: Two localities of the new species are known so far, in Boleng and Rottung, situated c. 40 km apart. One population (with more than 100 mature plants) is located near the roadside, which is under potential threat from road widening, which is ongoing in several districts of Arunachal Pradesh. The other population (with more than 250 mature plants) was found near a stream, with no immediate threats. However, none of the populations is in a protected area. Given the generally inaccessible terrain around and between the localities, it is difficult to ascertain whether more suitable habitats exist nearby in which more populations of the new species may be discovered. Therefore, we assess the conservation status for W. arunachalensis provisionally as Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN, 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EEC1EFFD0FFDB0DB8F963FECDDCE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	M., Taram;D., Borah;H., Tag;M., MÖller;Weber, A.	M., Taram, D., Borah, H., Tag, M., MÖller, Weber, A. (2022): Whytockia (Gesneriaceae), a new generic record for India, based on a new species, W. arunachalensis, from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Rheedea 32 (1): 18-29, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.01.02
