taxonID	type	description	language	source
039A879FFFC9FF862785D0F5FBD6FD06.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Russini et al. (2023) treated Muricopsinae Radwin & D’Attilio, 1971 and Aspellinae Keen, 1971 as synonyms, and used Muricopsinae as the valid name. However, Aspellinae (published January 1971) has precedence over Muricopsinae (published December 1971) (MolluscaBase Eds. 2024 a). Genus Aspella Mörch, 1877	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC9FF862785D0F5FBD6FD06.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Ranella anceps Lamarck, 1822; by monotypy. Pleistocene, Egypt.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC9FF852785D225FAA9FDEE.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC9FF852785D225FAA9FDEE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Zilch: 1934: 250), SFM 366519 (= 12 - 2253 a), SL: 7.8 mm, MD: 4.1 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 14, fig. 72), figs. 2 A 1 – A 2. Paralectotypes: SMF 12.2253 b – c, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Forli et al. (2023: figs. 3 D – I). Illustrated material. NHMW 1871 / 0001 / 0182, SL: 11.1 mm, MD: 6.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 24, fig. 3), figs. 2 B 1 – B 3. Revised description. Small, lanceolate, bivaricate, dorsoventrally compressed shell with high spire; apical angle 45 °. Protoconch conical of 2.5 smooth, weakly convex whorls (see Forli et al. 2023: 3 J – K). Teleoconch of six whorls. Suture deeply incised, shallowly undulating. Teleoconch whorls relatively high, convex with rounded shoulder in adapical third. Axial sculpture of prominent, raised varices, aligned along periphery; two weak intervarical ribs slightly swollen at adapical suture. Spiral sculpture subobsolete, P 1 over indistinct shoulder on varices. Last whorl subquadrate, attaining 53 % of total height, strongly constricted base, fasciole distinct, separated from siphonal canal by narrow chink. Aperture small, roundly ovate. Outer lip strongly thickened by flattened terminal varix, smooth within. Anal canal not developed. Siphonal canal moderately short, open, slightly deflected to the left. Columella smooth, excavated in adapical half. Columellar callus forming continuous, erect rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC9FF852785D225FAA9FDEE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The genus Aspella and its Neogene species in the Circum-Mediterranean Region were recently discussed by Forli et al. (2023). According to these authors, Pliocene records in the literature identified as Aspella emmae (Boettger, 1902) represent Aspella tusciae Forli, Cresti & Pagli, 2023. This species differs from A. emmae in its higher spire, more prominent intervarical axial ribs and the mamillate paucispiral protoconch (see Forli et al. 2023: figs. 4 A – E). A specimen from the Tortonian of Montegibbio (Italy), described by Montanaro (1935) as Ranella pygmaea, might represent an occurrence of A. emmae from the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. In the Paratethyan records, A. emmae was frequently confused with Aspella teter sp. nov. [erroneously referred to as Aspella anceps (Lamarck, 1822)]. They can be distinguished by the much broader profile of A. emmae and by the more prominent spiral sculpture of A. teter. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC9FF852785D225FAA9FDEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1902; Kovács 2019). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Montanaro 1935).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFCAFF8A2785D30DFBDCFE02.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 C – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFCAFF8A2785D30DFBDCFE02.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0560 a, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 6.6 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 2 D 1 – D 3. Paratypes: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0235, SL: 14.3 mm, MD: 6.2 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 21, fig. 6), figs. 2 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0560 b, SL: 15.7 mm, MD: 6.4 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 2 E 1 – E 3. Additional paratypes: 69 spec., NHMW 1871 / 0010 / 0340, Steinebrunn (Austria). Type locality. Steinebrunn (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Silt and sand of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFCAFF8A2785D30DFBDCFE02.taxon	etymology	Etymology. teter, Latin for ugly.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFCAFF8A2785D30DFBDCFE02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, slender lanceolate shell with weakly convex to subcylindrical whorls, weak to subobsolete spiral sculpture, two opposing varices with two subobsolete intervarical ribs forming prominent tips at adapical suture, with tip of first intervarical rib more swollen adapically than second.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFCAFF8A2785D30DFBDCFE02.taxon	description	Description. Small, slender lanceolate shell; apical angle ~ 25 – 35 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to seven whorls. Suture deeply incised strongly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls convex with six narrow, raised axial ribs; spiral sculpture weak, consisting of delicate to subobsolete threads. Later teleoconch whorls weakly convex to subcylindrical, occasionally with faint shoulder placed above mid-whorl. Axial sculpture of two prominent varices and two subobsolete intervarical ribs forming prominent, rounded tips at adapical suture. Tip of first (right) intervarical rib typically more prominent than second. Spiral sculpture of about five flattish spiral cords (P 1, s 1, P 2, s 2, P 3) separated by very narrow grooves, overrun by faint spiral threads. Last whorl attaining ~ 50 % of total height; weakly convex to subcylindrical, rapidly contracting. Sculpture of two opposing varices with two subosolete intervarical ribs. Spiral sculpture of very weak, broad P 1 – P 5, with P 3 being slightly more prominent, delimiting base. Fasciole narrow, twisted. Aperture small, ovate. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix, bearing D 1 to D 5 denticles placed just behind peristome; D 6 occasionally present; D 2 occasionally bifid. Anal canal not developed. Siphonal canal narrow, open, distinctly bent to the left. Columella broadly excavated, smooth, slightly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming narrow adherent rim. Most specimens bear remnants of intritacalx, obscuring most sculpture.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFCAFF8A2785D30DFBDCFE02.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Aspella teter sp. nov. has until now been confused with Aspella subanceps (d’Orbigny, 1852), which was recently documented in detail by Lozouet (2023) from the Chattian and Early Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin. They differ in the more prominent shoulder of Aspella subanceps, its broader shell, more prominent spiral sculpture, and the stronger axial ribs, which persist across the whorls (see Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: pl. 12, figs. 24 – 25; Merle et al. 2011: text-fig. 71 / F, pl. 157, figs. 1 – 3; Lozouet 2023: pl. 1, figs. 1 – 3, pl. 2, figs. 1 – 5, text-fig. 4 b). Aspella emmae (Boettger, 1902) differs from A. teter in its much broader shell, with lower spire and wider apical angle, and much weaker spiral cords resulting in an almost smooth shell surface. Similarly, the Pliocene Mediterranean Aspella tusciae Forli, Cresti & Pagli, 2023 is broader and has weaker spiral sculpture. The extant Indo-West Pacific-species Aspella anceps (Lamarck, 1822) differs in its weaker spiral sculpture, absence of denticles within outer lip, and the prominent, persisting first intervarical rib. Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, inner neritic; the frequent occurrence at Steinebrunn suggest a preference for seagrass environments (own data).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFCAFF8A2785D30DFBDCFE02.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Mecsek Mountains: Mecsekpölöske (Hungary) (Kovács 2020). Genus Attiliosa Emerson, 1968	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFCAFF8A2785D30DFBDCFE02.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Coralliophila incompta Berry, 1960 [= Attiliosa nodulosa (A. Adams, 1855)]; original designation by Emerson (1968: 380). Present-day, Mexico.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFCAFF8A2785D30DFBDCFE02.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Attiliosa displays a considerably diversity during the Chattian and Early Miocene in the northeastern Atlantic (Lozouet 2023). In contrast, the genus has not been recorded so far from Paratethyan assemblages, because it was partly confused with Ocenebrinae [see chresonymy for Attiliosa recognita (Bałuk, 2006)]. Similarly, the genus was overlooked so far in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea (e. g., Murex renieri Michelotti, 1847, Michelotti 1847: pl. 9, fig. 19; Bellardi 1873: pl. 8, fig. 18). A critical revision of the species described by Bellardi (1873) will be needed to evaluate the history of Attiliosa in the Circum-Mediterranean Region.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF8A2785D320FE9DF9F3.taxon	description	Figs 1, 3 A 1 – A 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF8A2785D320FE9DF9F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: HNHM PAL 2024.8.1., SL: 19.0 mm, MD: 10.0 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács & Vicián (2024: figs. 35 – 36), figs. 1, 3 A 1 – A 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF8A2785D320FE9DF9F3.taxon	description	Description. See Kovács & Vicián (2024: 16). Antepenultimate whorl: P 1 and P 2 more prominent than s 1; penultimate whorl: P 1, s 1, P 2 prominent, IP weak; last whorl: delicate adis, IP, abis and tertiary cord on sutural ramp, P 1 – P 6 and s 1 – s 6 on convex part of whorl, s 4 – s 5 weaker, short P 1 spine; ADP – EAB 1 and abs on siphonal canal.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF8A2785D320FE9DF9F3.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Based on its general morphological similarity (slender shape, numerous spiral cords, aperture devoid of internal denticles) to the Miocene — Recent Gracilipurpura craticulata (Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882), this species was provisionally assigned to Gracilipurpura Jousseaume, 1880 with question mark on advice of one author of the present paper (DM). The problem of this generic attribution is that species of Gracilipurpura display a sealed canal when the aperture is completely built and have a longer siphonal canal than Attiliosa evae (Kovács & Vicián, 2024). A deeper analysis of the first teleoconch whorl shows that Gracilipurpura craticulata bears IP, P 1, s 1, P 2, whereas that Attiliosa evae bears only P 1, the series IP, P 1, s 1, P 2 appearing on second or third whorl. The short P 1 spine on the first teleoconch whorl and the late appearance of P 1, IP, s 1 and P 2 are reminiscent of those of Attiliosa (e. g., Attiliosa houarti Vokes, 1999, present-day Thailand). Members of Attiliosa usually have denticles within the outer lip, but the aperture of the holotype of Attiliosa evae is not thickened and is probably not completely built. The shape with an elongate spire and a short siphonal canal is reminiscent of Attiliosa juhaszi Kovács & Vicián, 2024, but this species differs by having a larger shape and in lacking P 1 cord spine. Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at the locality Letkés (Hungary) suggests inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF8A2785D320FE9DF9F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) Kovács & Vicián (2024).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF892785D732FE7AFAE8.taxon	description	Figs 1, 3 B 1 – B 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF892785D732FE7AFAE8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: HNHM PAL 2024.1.1., MD: 20.5 mm, SW: 11 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács & Vicián (2024: figs. 22 – 23), figs. 1, 3 B 1 – B 2. Paratypes. Vicián Collection, SL: 17 mm, MD: 10.8 mm, illustrated in Kovács & Vicián (2024: figs. 25 – 26). HNHM PAL 2024.2.1., SL: 18 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, illustrated in Kovács & Vicián (2024: figs. 24). HNHM PAL 2024.3.1., SL: 12 mm, MD: 7.2 mm, illustrated in Kovács & Vicián (2024: figs. 27 – 28).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF892785D732FE7AFAE8.taxon	description	Description. See Kovács & Vicián (2024: 11). On sutural ramp, fine adis, IP, adis and on siphonal canal, fine ADP, ads, MP, ms and ABP.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF892785D732FE7AFAE8.taxon	discussion	Discussion. As stated by Kovács & Vicián (2024), this species is somewhat similar to the Late Miocene Attiliosa pouweri Landau, Merle, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen (Landau et al. 2019, pl. 21, figs. 1 – 7), but is distinguished by its higher spire, slightly longer siphonal canal, absence of P 1 spines, and presence of two columellar folds as opposed to three folds in A. pouweri. The sculpture and the high spire of A. juhaszi Kovács & Vicián, 2024 are strongly reminiscent of Attiliosa evae (Kovács & Vicián, 2024). However, the early teleoconch whorls of A. juhaszi are significantly wider, lack spines on P 1 and are more ornamented (presence of adis, IP, P 1, s 1, P 2, s 2 instead only P 1, s 1, P 2 in A. evae). Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at the locality Letkés (Hungary) suggests inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC5FF892785D732FE7AFAE8.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács & Vicián 2024).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC6FF8F2785D417FCAEFC8D.taxon	description	Figs 1, 4 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC6FF8F2785D417FCAEFC8D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Z. PAL. U. W. BkK-G 1228, SL: 21.0 mm, MD: 14.5 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk (2006: pl. 11, fig. 8), figs. 4 A. Illustrated material. NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0481, SL: 24.9 mm, MD: 14.5 mm, Forchtenau (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 27, fig. 5), figs. 4 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0460, SL: 17.8 mm, MD: 10.7 mm, Forchtenau (Austria), figs. 4 E. NHMW 1853 / 0016 / 0006, SL: 21.0 mm, MD: 14.4 mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), figs. 4 D 1 – D 3. Private collection of Mr. W. Kaczmarczyk (Poland), SL: 23.5 mm, MD: 14.5 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk (2006: pl. 11, fig. 9), figs. 4 B 1 – B 2. Revised description. Medium-sized, stout biconic shell; apical angle ~ 55 – 65 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture weakly incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex, faintly shouldered with weakly concave subsutural ramp. Axial sculpture of nine broad, close-set axial ribs overrun by adis, IP, abis, P 1, s 1, P 2, s 2, P 3 and s 3 of subequal strength on antepenultimate and penultimate whorls. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 – 73 % of total height; globose with weakly concave subsutural ramp, rounded periphery, strongly constricted below. Nine to 11 broad, weak, widely spaced, prosocline axial ribs most prominent along periphery, fading on subsutural ramp and base. Regular pattern of primary (adis, IP, abis, P 1 – P 6, ADP, MP, ABP, EAB 1) and secondary cords (s 1 – s 6, ads, ms, abs) of subequal strength; abis and P 1 slightly more prominent. Fasciole strongly swollen, twisted, delimiting narrow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture large, wide, ovate; outer lip weakly thickened; weak ID; D 1 – D 6, starting close behind peristome, forming narrow, short lirae, reaching far into aperture. Anal canal wide, poorly delimited; siphonal canal short, moderately wide, open, slightly bent to the left, dorsally recurved. Columella broadly excavated, with faint denticle close to siphonal canal, angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited, weakly erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC6FF8F2785D417FCAEFC8D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Attiliosa recognita (Bałuk, 2006) is strikingly similar to the extant Attiliosa bozzettii Houart, 1993 from the Indian Ocean, which has a higher spire and slightly coarser spiral cords. Attiliosa nassatella (Grateloup, 1845), from the northeastern Atlantic Early Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin is similar but differs from the Paratethyan species mainly in the longer siphonal canal and more constricted base (see Lozouet 2023: pl. 6, figs. 10 – 15). Attiliosa pouweri Landau, Merle, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2019, from the Upper Miocene of NW France, differs in having a more elongate shell, with a higher spire and longer siphonal canal, and columellar denticles are always present. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC6FF8F2785D417FCAEFC8D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Niederleis, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Dacian Basin: Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Genus Dermomurex Monterosato, 1890	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC6FF8F2785D417FCAEFC8D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex scalarinus Bivona e Bernardi, 1832; original designation by Monterosato (1890: 181). Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC6FF8F2785D417FCAEFC8D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. We recognize two species in the subgenus Dermomurex and one in the subgenus Trialatella: Dermomurex (s. s.) rutogus (De Gregorio, 1885) and Dermomurex (s. s.) nemethi (Kovács, 2018). Dermomurex (s. s.) scalaroides (de Blainville, 1829) has been reported from the Badenian of the Paratethys Sea as well but at least all illustrated specimens belong to other species [e. g., Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov (1960: pl. 40, fig. 7) = Dermomurex (Trialatella) jani (Doderlein, 1862); Nikolov (1994: pl. 1, figs. 7 – 8) = Dermomurex (s. s.) distinctus (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832); Kovács (2020: pl. 1, figs. 23 – 24: Dermomurex (Trialatella) jani (Bellardi, 1873)]. Subgenus Dermomurex (Dermomurex) Monterosato, 1890	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC0FF8E2785D2C5FAB2F80C.taxon	description	Figs 1, 5 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC0FF8E2785D2C5FAB2F80C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0098 a, SL: 21.3 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig. 7), figs. 5 A 1 – A 3. Illustrated material. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0098 b, SL: 22.1 mm, MD: 13.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 5 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0353, SL: 24.5 mm, MD: 11.8 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 5 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0353, SL: 34.2 mm, MD: 16.5 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 5 D 1 – D 2. Additional material. 12 spec., NHMW 1871 / 0011 / 0015, Steinebrunn (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC0FF8E2785D2C5FAB2F80C.taxon	description	Description. Small, moderately slender shell with high spire; apical angle ~ 50 – 65 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to six convex whorls. Suture deeply incised, strongly undulating. Spire whorls indistinctly shouldered with faint IP and prominent P 1 – P 3 on antepenultimate and penultimate whorls. Three to four delicate tertiary cords in interspaces. Axial sculpture of six to seven strongly raised, rounded, weakly scabrose varices. Last whorl attaining ~ 60 – 65 % of total height, convex, with periphery mid-whorl, slightly inflated, strongly constricted below. Six to seven varices; very weak, broad intervarical ribs may occur. Varices offset by about 25 – 27 ° between whorls. P 1 – P 6, ADP forming strong, elevated cords of equal strength, separated by wider interspaces with delicate spiral threads, giving sculpture coarsely reticulated aspect; s 1 occasionally present. Fasciole very prominent, twisted, delimiting broad pseudoumbilicus. Aperture ovate. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix, somewhat alate apically in some specimens, bearing small denticles placed short distance behind peristome; series of denticles including ID, D 1 to D 6; ID and D 1 occasional; D 1 to D 5 occasionally bifid. Anal canal not developed. Siphonal canal moderately short, not narrow, open, slightly bent to the left, strongly dorsally recurved. Columellar callus forming broad rim, erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area. Columella smooth, strongly excavated in apical half, weakly angled at siphonal canal. Remains of intritacalx near varices.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC0FF8E2785D2C5FAB2F80C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Dermomurex (Dermomurex) rutogus (De Gregorio, 1885) has been confused with the Pliocene Mediterranean Dermomurex (Dermomurex) distinctus (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832). They differ in the more evenly rounded last whorl of Dermomurex (Dermomurex) rutogus, its periphery is placed much lower, its primaries are much stronger and more elevated, the terminal varix tends to be slightly alate adapically, the aperture is more rounded and the fasciole is much broader Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC0FF8E2785D2C5FAB2F80C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1902; Kovács 2019); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Yasen (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960; Nikolov 1994).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC2FF8C2785D1F0FE7DFD96.taxon	description	Figs 1, 6 D – E * Dermomurex (Gracilimurex) nemethi n. sp. — Kovács 2018: 32, fig. 2 A – D.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC2FF8C2785D1F0FE7DFD96.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: PAL 2017.55. 1, Hungarian Natural History Museum, SL: 12.6 mm, MD: 6.7 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács (2018: figs. 2 A – B), figs. 6 D 1 – D 2. Paratype: Private Collection T. Németh, SL: 9.4 mm, MD: 5.3 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács (2018: figs. 2 C – D), figs. 6 E.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC2FF8C2785D1F0FE7DFD96.taxon	description	Description. See Kovács (2018: 32).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC2FF8C2785D1F0FE7DFD96.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Dermomurex (Dermomurex) nemethi (Kovács, 2018) differs from Dermomurex (Dermomurex) distinctus (de Cristofori & Jan, 1832) in its lower last whorl, much weaker varices and weaker spiral cords. This species was established by Kovács (2018) in the subgenus Gracilimurex Thiele, 1929 [type species Murex bicolor Thiele, 1929 = Gracilimurex bakeri (Hertlein & A. M. Strong, 1951); present-day, California]. Its bivaricate shape of the last whorl is reminiscent of Dermomurex (Gracilimurex). However, the three known species of Dermomurex (Gracilimurex) differ by having a slenderer shape, the presence of internal denticles (ID, D 1 – D 4) and more elongated varices (Merle et al. 2011: 215 – 217; Merle et al. 2024: fig. 4). Although it displays a bivaricate shape on last whorl, Dermomurex nemethi bears sculpture that is closer to that of Dermomurex (Dermomurex) species and is therefore attributed to this subgenus. Paleoenvironment. The locality Letkés (Hungary) represents inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC2FF8C2785D1F0FE7DFD96.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018). Subgenus Trialatella Berry, 1964	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC2FF8C2785D1F0FE7DFD96.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Trialatella cunninghamae Berry, 1964; original designation by Berry (1964: 149). Present-day, west coast of Central America.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC3FF932785D3D4FE57FD3A.taxon	description	Figs 1, 6 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC3FF932785D3D4FE57FD3A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype of Murex jani Bellardi, 1873 (designated by Pinna 1971: 432), MCSNM, nr. 4301, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Tabiano (Italy), Pliocene. Illustrated material. NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0090 a, SL: 13.5 mm, MD: 11.0 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 6 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0090 b, SL: 11.7 mm, MD: 6.0 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 6 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0090 c, SL: 17.0 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 6 C.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC3FF932785D3D4FE57FD3A.taxon	description	Description. See Landau et al. (2007: 23).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC3FF932785D3D4FE57FD3A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The name Murex jani was first used by Doderlein (1862) in a list as nomen nudum. D’Ancona (1871) provided the first illustration of this species, but erroneously identified it as Murex pseudophyllopterus Michelotti, 1847. Michelotti’ species represents a Daphnellopsis and is unrelated with Dermomurex jani (see below in discussion on Daphnellopsis Schepman, 1913). Bellardi (1873) made the name Murex jani available by providing a detailed description. Therefore, the authorship has to be passed to Bellardi (1873). For further discussion see Landau et al. (2007: 23). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC3FF932785D3D4FE57FD3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zborów (Zboriv) (Friedberg 1912); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019); Dacian Basin: Yasen (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). (Proto-) Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Albenga, Montegibbio, Stazzano (Italy) (Bellardi 1873; Montanaro 1935). Pliocene: France (Cossmann 1903), Italy (Cavallo & Repetto 1992, Chirli 2000), Spain (Landau et al. 2007). Genus Favartia Jousseaume, 1880	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFC3FF932785D3D4FE57FD3A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex breviculus G. B. Sowerby II, 1834; original designation by Jousseaume (1880: 335). Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDCFF912785D276FB53F81A.taxon	description	Figs 7, 8 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDCFF912785D276FB53F81A.taxon	description	A [spella]. (F [avartia].) absona (Jan) — Sieber 1958: 145.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDCFF912785D276FB53F81A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Pinna 1971: 432), MCSNM i 4302 (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano), Castell’Arquato (Italy), Pliocene, illustrated in Pinna (1971: 432 pl. 76, fig. 6). Illustrated material. NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0568 a, SL: 21.1 mm, MD: 15.5 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 8 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0568 b, SL: 20.8 mm, MD: 14.6 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 8 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0080, SL: 20.8 mm, MD: 13.3 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 23, fig. 6), holotype of Murex absonus abilus De Gregorio, 1885, figs. 8 C 1 – C 2. Additional material. 4 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0206, Steinebrunn (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0669, Niederleis (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1858 / 0043 / 0043, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDCFF912785D276FB53F81A.taxon	description	Description. See Landau et al. (2007: 45). Paratethyan synonyms. Murex absonus abilus De Gregorio, 1885 was introduced by De Gregorio (1885) for the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 23, figs. 6 a – d).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDCFF912785D276FB53F81A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was discussed in detail by Landau et al. (2007: 45) and its morphologic variability was demonstrated by Merle et al. (2022). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDCFF912785D276FB53F81A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zborów (Zboriv) (Friedberg 1938); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Niederleis, Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Mecsek Mountains: Mecsekpölöske (Hungary) (Kovács 2020). (Proto-) Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Montanaro 1935); Pliocene: Spain (Landau et al. 2007), Italy (Chirli 2000; see Landau et al. 2007 for details).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDFFF972785D1F0FDFEF927.taxon	description	Figs 7, 9 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDFFF972785D1F0FDFEF927.taxon	description	A [spella]. (F [avartia].) czjzeki (Hörn.) — Sieber 1958: 145.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDFFF972785D1F0FDFEF927.taxon	description	2024].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDFFF972785D1F0FDFEF927.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1847 / 0037 / 0070, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 23, fig. 8), figs. 9 A 1 – A 3. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1857 / 0014 / 0014 a, SL: 16.5 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 9 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1857 / 0014 / 0014 b, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 9.3 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 9 C 1 – C 3. Holotype of Murex (Muricidea) collega Boettger, 1906, SFM 363225 (= 12 - 2258 a), SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 15, fig. 78), figs. 9 D 1 – D 2. Additional material. 7 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0204, Steinebrunn (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0452, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell; apical angle ~ 48 °. Protoconch conical of 2.5 convex whorls, worn in all specimens. Teleoconch of up to six whorls. Suture deeply incised, linear. Early teleoconch whorls with moderately narrow, shallow subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, subcylindrical periphery, constricted below. Axial sculpture of eight prominent, widely spaced, weakly frondose varices. On first and second whorl: prominent P 1 and P 2; on third whorl appearance of IP. On antepenultimate and penultimate whorls: spiral sculpture of delicate threads on subsutural ramp and very prominent P 1 and P 2 overrun by very weak adis, abis and tertiary threads: P 1 and P 2 forming short open spines on varices. Last whorl attaining ~ 60 – 65 % of total height, with moderately steep, weakly convex subsutural ramp, convex periphery, strongly constricted below. Three frondose varices and three weaker intervarical ribs; varices forming short spines with primary cords. P 1 – P 5 forming prominent, rounded cords separated by narrower interspaces; IP and P 6 weak, adis, abis, s 1 – s 3 weak, s 4 – s 6 atrophied; on siphonal canal ADP prominent, MP weak. Fasciole moderately swollen, twisted, delimiting narrow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture wide, ovate. Outer lip thickened, with weak crenulations at edge (corresponding to ID, D 1 to D 5), smooth within. Anal canal wide, indistinct. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, open, bent to the left, slightly dorsally recurved. Columella deeply excavated, smooth, angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming narrow rim, erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area. Paratethyan synonyms. Murex (Muricidea) collega Boettger, 1906 is based on a juvenile specimen of Favartia czjzeki (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDFFF972785D1F0FDFEF927.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Favartia czjzeki (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) differs from Favartia absona (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832) in its slenderer outline and the more prominent secondary cords. Specimens from the Hemmoorian (Middle Miocene) of the North Sea Basin, identified as Favartia collega (Boettger, 1906) by Janssen (1984) and Stein et al. (2016) were described as Favartia jansseni by Merle, Pacaud, Ledon & Goret, 2024 and are excluded from synonymy of Favartia czjzeki (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDFFF972785D1F0FDFEF927.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Kalladorf (Austria), Lysice (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Vienna Basin: Baden, Gainfarn, Niederleis, Steinebrunn (Austria), Mikulov, Porzteich at Břeclav (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019); Dacian Basin: Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD8FF962785D645FE34F9E8.taxon	description	Figs 7, 10 A 1 – A 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD8FF962785D645FE34F9E8.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Landau et al. (2007: 46) listed Favartia kostejana (Boettger, 1902) with question mark in their chresonymy of Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1952). However, they differ in the more globose outline of F. suboblonga and the largely atrophied secondary cords in Favartia kostejana (see Merle et al. 2022: pl. 57, figs. 1 – 7 for Favartia suboblonga). Favartia czjzeki (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) differs in its higher spire, less squamose sculpture and more constricted base. The squamose sculpture allows also a separation from Favartia absona (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832). Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD8FF962785D645FE34F9E8.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1902).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD9FF942785D716FA8DFEB6.taxon	description	Figs 7, 11 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD9FF942785D716FA8DFEB6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0664 a, SL: 7.3 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 11 A 1 – A 3. Paratypes: NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0664 b, SL: 7.3 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 11 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0664 c, SL: 7.1 mm, MD: 4.0 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 11 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0664 d, SL: 7.1 mm, MD: 4.1 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 11 D 1 – D 3. Type locality. Niederleis (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD9FF942785D716FA8DFEB6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Zoltán Kovács (Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music, Budapest), in recognition for his contributions on Paratethyan Muricidae.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD9FF942785D716FA8DFEB6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, moderately slender fusiform shell with relatively high spire, convex last whorl, prominent broad P 1 – P 5, weakly granulose sculpture; roughly pentagonal outline in apical view.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD9FF942785D716FA8DFEB6.taxon	description	Description. Small, moderately slender fusiform shell, with relatively high spire; apical angle 45 – 53 °. Protoconch conical of three moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Suture impressed, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with shallow subsutural ramp, angled shoulder, subcylindrical periphery, moderately tapered below. Axial sculpture of eight prominent, narrow, widely spaced axial ribs overrun by prominent P 1 – P 2 and weak IP. Last whorl attaining ~ 65 – 70 % of total height, with convex subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, convex periphery, rapidly contracting below. Axial sculpture of six weakly foliose varices with weak intervarical rib. Angle between terminal varix and penultimate varix about 90 °, causing roughly pentagonal outline in apical view. Spiral sculpture of broad, convex IP, P 1 – P 5, ADP and weak abis, s 1, s 2, P 6, MP and ABP; P 1 – P 4 typically broadening on terminal varix. Weak growth lines cause weakly granulose to scabrose sculpture on cords. Fasciole moderately swollen, delimiting shallow, narrow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture small, ovate. Outer lip thickened, with weakly crenulate edge, weak to subobsolete D 1 – D 5; D 2 occasionally bifid. Anal canal indistinct, wide. Siphonal canal moderately short, narrow, open, slightly bent to the left. Columella broadly excavated, smooth, distinctly angled at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, sharply delimited, erect rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD9FF942785D716FA8DFEB6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its minute size. Favartia kostejana (Boettger, 1902) is comparable in size but differs in its squamose sculpture. Favartia czjzeki (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) is comparable in shape but differs in its larger size, even higher spire, more incised suture and distinct s 2. Favartia absona (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832) and Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) both differ from F. kovacsi sp. nov. in their much broader shells and larger size. One specimen differs from typical specimens in the presence of weak s 1 and s 2 (Figs 11 D 1 – D 3). This might represent some variability in secondary sculpture. Paleoenvironment. The Niederleis section, sediment and biota from coastal and lagoonal environments not exceeding 30 m water depth were transported by tempestites into offshore settings (Mandic et al. 2002).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD9FF942785D716FA8DFEB6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Niederleis (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDBFF9B2785D0E2FBF2FE26.taxon	description	Figs 7, 12 A 1 – A 3	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDBFF9B2785D0E2FBF2FE26.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype, SFM 366526 (= 12 - 2255 a), SL: 7.8 mm, MD: 4.7 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 15, fig. 76), figs. 12 A 1 – A 3. Revised description. Small, broadly fusiform, trivaricate shell with scalate spire; apical angle 45 °. Protoconch conical, worn, consisting of ~ 2 weakly convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to 4.5 whorls. Spire whorls shouldered; suture deeply incised. Axial sculpture of three prominent, foliaceous varices. Spiral sculpture of broad P 1 and P 2; P 1 forming short, adaxially curved spines on shoulder varix. Interspaces slightly scabrose. Last whorl moderately convex, attaining 70 % of total height; spiral cords only developed on raised, foliaceous varices. P 1 broad, P 2 broadest, P 3 – P 4 intermediate, P 5 and s 2 weak, abis, IP, P 6 and s 6 subobsolete, ADP and MP weak. Cords expanded at aperture forming broad foliaceous terminal varix, with only P 3 and P 4 forming short blunt spines. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip with weakly crenulate edge, smooth within. Anal canal subobsolete. Siphonal canal of medium length, open, straight, slightly dorsally recurved, deeply notched. Columella moderately excavated in adapical half, smooth, slightly angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad partly erect rim, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDBFF9B2785D0E2FBF2FE26.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is unique in the Paratethyan assemblages due to its flaring, foliaceous varices and almost smooth shell surface between the varices. It was previously placed in the muricid genus Pterynotus Swainson, 1833 (type species: Murex pinnatus Swainson, 1822 by monotypy; present-day, Indo-West Pacific), because of its similar trivaricate shape but members of this genus differ in having developed internal denticles, columellar tubercles and more numerous and thinner spiral cords (see examples in Harzhauser et al. 2025: figs. 62 – 63). Pterynotus has also often been confused with Timbellus [type species: Murex latifolius Bellardi, 1873; subsequent designation by Vokes (1964: 14), Early Miocene, Italy], which also has a trivaricate shape. However, members of this genus differ by having developed internal denticles, thinner spiral cords and foliaceous varices. The early sculpture, the nearly smooth shell surface between the varices and a trivaricate shape on last whorls of F. pseuderinaceus (Boettger, 1902) are characters found in some Favartia species. In addition, a great similarity can be observed with the Western Atlantic species Favartia concava Garrigues & Lamy, 2019 (see Merle et al. 2022: pl. 89, figs. 11 a – b). Therefore, we attribute this species to the genus Favartia. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFDBFF9B2785D0E2FBF2FE26.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Mecsek Mountains: Mecsekpölöske (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD4FF992785D344FB5FFB57.taxon	description	Figs 7, 13 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD4FF992785D344FB5FFB57.taxon	description	1814]. Murex incisus Broderip — Hörnes 1853: 223, pl. 23, figs. 7 a – c [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Murex incisus Brod. — D’Ancona 1871: 23, pl. 4, fig. 6. Murex (Muricidea) incisus Brod. — Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 206 [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Murex (Muricidea) incisus Brod. — Boettger 1902: 28 [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Murex (Favartia) incisus Brod. — Sacco 1904: 20, pl. 5, figs. 19 – 22 [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Murex (Muricidea) incisus Brod. — Boettger 1906: 44 [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Murex (Favartia) excisus var. Peyroti n. — Montanaro 1935: 27, pl. 2, fig. 11. AspelIa (Favartia) incisa excisa Grateloup, 1833 — Glibert 1952: 298, pl. 6, fig. 10 [non Favartia excisa (Grateloup, 1833)]. A [spella]. (F [avartia].) incisa excisa Grat. — Sieber 1958: 146. [Favartia] suboblongus d’Orbigny, 1852 — Vokes 1971: 103. Pterynotus excisus (Grateloup, 1833) — Stojaspal 1978: 334 [non Favartia excisa (Grateloup, 1833)]. Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1832) — Inzani & Bertarelli 1985: 27, pl. 1, fig. 4 [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1832) — Andreoli & Marsigli 1992: 7, pl. 2, fig. 4 [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Dermomurex scalaroides (Blainville, 1829) — Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 86, fig. 185 [non Dermomurex scalaroides (de Blainville, 1829)]. Favartia cf. incisa (Broderip, 1832) — Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 90, fig. 194 [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Favartia cf. incisa (Broderip, 1832) — Muñiz-Solis & Guerra-Merchán 1994: 28, figs. 6 C – D [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Favartia (Favartia) suboblonga (d’Orbigny) — Vokes 1994: 122, pl. 19, fig. 3. AspelIa (Favartia) incisa (Broderip, 1832) — Bałuk 1995: 221, pl. 26, figs. 7 – 9, pl. 38, fig. 5 [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Merle 1999: 300, text-figs 39, 40, pl. 5, figs. 7 – 9, pl. 6, figs. 1 – 4. Favartia excisa (Grateloup, 1833) — Chirli 2000: 23, pl. 11, figs. 9 – 12 [non Favartia excisa (Grateloup, 1833)]. Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1832) — Chirli 2000: 24, pl. 11, figs. 13 – 16 [non Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1833)]. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny) — Landau et al. 2007: 46, text-fig. 12, pl. 12, figs. 5 – 8. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Landau et al. 2013: 161, pl. 24, fig. 5. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Goret et al. 2013: 17, text-figs 13 a – b, pl. 4, fig. 6. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny) — Ceulemans et al. 2016: 40, pl. 1, figs. 8 – 9. Favartia (s. s.) suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Kovács et al. 2018: 121, figs. 5 Q – T. Favartia (Favartia) suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Kovács 2019: 124, figs. 34 – 35. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Landau et al. 2019: 21, pl. 18, figs. 1 – 3. Favartia (Favartia) suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Kovács 2020: 455, pl. 2, figs. 18 – 19. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Merle et al. 2022: 280, pl. 56, figs. 8 – 14.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD4FF992785D344FB5FFB57.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. One syntype (Grateloup‘s coll. n ° 441, see Merle (1999: pl. 5, fig. 7) is stored in the University of Bordeaux (France). Illustrated material. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0081 a, SL: 15.8 mm, MD: 10.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 23, fig. 7), figs. 13 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1871 / 0011 / 0016, SL: 13.3 mm, MD: 8.6 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 13 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0197, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 13.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 13 C 2 – C 3. NHMW 1853 / 0043 / 0056, SL: 16.7 mm, MD: 11.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 13 D 1 – D 3. Additional material. 10 spec., NHMW 1855 / 045 / 0081 b, Steinebrunn (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD4FF992785D344FB5FFB57.taxon	description	Description. See Landau et al. (2007: 47).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD4FF992785D344FB5FFB57.taxon	discussion	Discussion. See Landau et al. (2007; 47). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD4FF992785D344FB5FFB57.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria), Porzteich (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Mecsekpölöske (Hungary) (Kovács 2019, 2020; Kovács et al. 2018). Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885; Boettger 1902). (Proto-) Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Montanaro 1935). Pliocene: Spain (Landau et al. 2007), Italy (Chirli 2000, Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Landau et al. 2007). Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Saint-Paul-lès-Dax (Maïnot) (Grateloup 1847), Meilhan (Merle 1999). Langhian (Middle Miocene): Loire Basin: Bossée, Ferrière-Larçon, La Chapelle- Blanche (La Houssaye), Louans, Manthelan, Paulmy, Pontlevoy, Sainte-Maure, Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois, Sepmes (Grande Barangerie) (France) (Glibert 1952). Genus Muricopsis Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD4FF992785D344FB5FFB57.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex blainvillii Payraudeau, 1826 [= Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814)]; original designation by Bucquoy & Dautzenberg (1882: 16). Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD4FF992785D344FB5FFB57.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Middle Miocene specimens of Muricopsis from the Paratethys and the Proto-Mediterranean Sea have often been confused with the extant Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814), which originated during the Pliocene. In the last years it has become clear that the species concept applied since Hörnes (1853) was too broad and that additional species occurred in the European Neogene. Recently Merle et al. (2022) recognized that specimens from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin represent a distinct species, which he described as Muricopsis landaui Merle in Merle et al. 2022. Specimens from the Badenian of the Paratethys were compared with Muricopsis dujardini Peyrot, 1938, originally described from the Langhian of the Loire Basin, by Kovács et al. (2018) or have been listed in open nomenclature as Muricopsis cf. cristata by Merle et al. (2022). This Paratethyan species is discussed herein as Muricopsis emus (De Gregorio, 1885). In addition, a larger, spinose species occurred in the southern Paratethyan Basins, which is described herein as Muricopsis hystrix sp. nov. Murex holubicensis Friedberg, 1912, placed in Muricopsis by Korobkov (1955) and Vokes (1971), was removed from this genus and was placed in Ocenebra by Harzhauser et al. (2024). Similarly, Murex (Muricidea) moravicus Hoernes & Auinger, 1885, which was placed in Muricopsis by Kovács (2019), is excluded from Muricopsis and placed in Murexsul herein.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD6FF9E2785D594FABDFC3E.taxon	description	Figs 14, 15 A – C M [urex]. cristatus Br. — Pusch 1836: 519 [non Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814)]. Murex cristatus Brocchi — Pusch 1837: 138 [non Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814)]. Murex cristatus Brocc. — Hörnes 1853: 243, pl. 25, fig. 6 [non Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814)]. Murex cristatus — Quenstedt 1884: 649, pl. 211, fig. 20 [non Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814)]. * [Murex cristatus Brocc.] var. emus De Greg. — De Gregorio 1885: 256 [pro Murex cristatus in Hörnes 1853: 243, pl. 25, fig. 6]. Murex (Phyllonotus) cristatus Brocc. — Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 210 (pars) [non pl. 26, figs. 1 – 3 = Muricopsis hystrix sp. nov.]. Muricopsis cristatus Brocc. — Friedberg 1912: 173, pl. 11, figs. 6 – 7 [non Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814)]. Murex cristatus (Br.) var. Blainvillei Payr. — Montanaro 1935: 29, pl. 2, fig. 12 [non Murex blainvillii Payraudeau, 1826, =	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD6FF9E2785D594FABDFC3E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0220, SL: 31.6 mm, MD: 15.2 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig. 6), figs. 15 A 1 – A 2. Illustrated material. NHMW 2024 / 0154 / 0001, SL: 27.7 mm, MD: 14.1 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), figs. 15 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 2024 / 0154 / 0002, SL: 27.0 mm, MD: 14.1 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), figs. 15 C 2 – C 2. Additional material. 2 spec., NHM 1863 / 0015 / 1272, Grund (Austria); 12 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0201 (A 1471), Steinebrunn (Austria); 10 spec., NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0095, Forchtenau (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD6FF9E2785D594FABDFC3E.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, moderately slender fusiform shell with high spire; apical angle ~ 40 – 45 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to seven whorls. Suture moderately incised, linear. Early teleoconch whorls with narrow, steep subsutural ramp, almost straight-sided periphery. Eight prominent axial ribs separated by interspaces of roughly equal width. From first to third whorl prominent IP, P 1 and P 2, slightly swollen over ribs. From fourth to penultimate whorls, appearance of granulose adis, abis, s 1 and s 2 and tertiary threads. Last whorl attaining ~ 60 – 65 % of total height, ovate with weakly concave to weakly convex subsutural ramp, very weak rounded shoulder, moderately convex periphery, moderately constricted below. Axial sculpture of eight, broad, low varices overrun by prominent spiral sculpture. IP, P 1 – P 5 prominent, relatively narrow; P 6 atrophied, ADP prominent, MP, ABP weak; abis, s 1 – s 4 delicate adjoined by one or two tertiary threads on either side. Primary cords weakly tuberculate; terminal varix occasionally with very short spines. Close-set, delicate growth lines giving surface delicately granulose or scabrose appearance. Fasciole strongly swollen, strongly twisted, delimiting broad, shallow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip with strongly crenulate edge; prominent, slightly pointed ID, atrophied D 1, prominent D 2, D 3 – D 5 weakening slightly abapically, placed some distance behind peristome. Second row of weaker denticles slightly deeper in aperture. Anal canal broadly incised, U-shaped. Siphonal canal relatively short, open, moderately narrow, slightly bent to the left, weakly recurved at tip. Columella moderately excavated in upper half with broad central columellar fold and one or two slightly weaker folds below; slightly angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, sharply delimited rim, erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD6FF9E2785D594FABDFC3E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Muricopsis emus (De Gregorio, 1885) differs from Muricopsis hystrix sp. nov. in its shallower suture, the higher spire, the much narrower primary cords and the subobsolete spines. Muricopsis dujardini (Peyrot, 1938), from the Langhian of the Loire Basin, differs in its lower spire and broader, rounded primary cords (see Merle et al. 2022: pl. 2, figs. 5 – 9). Muricopsis crassicosta (Benoist, 1874), from the Early Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin, differs in its longer siphonal canal, more constricted base and relatively tuberculate primary cords (see Merle et al. 2022: pl. 2, figs. 1 – 4). Muricopsis landaui Merle in Merle et al. 2022, from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin, might be a closely related species and is reminiscent of M. emus in its reduced sculpture, however, they differ in the higher last whorl of M. landaui and in its more delicate secondary and tertiary sculpture. The Pliocene Mediterranean Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814) lacks a second row of weaker denticles in the aperture. In addition, Muricopsis emus has a shorter siphonal canal and a broader pseudoumbilicus. Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, inner neritic; the frequent occurrence at Gainfarn suggests a preference for seagrass environments (Zuschin et al. 2007).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD6FF9E2785D594FABDFC3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów, Hołdy, Jasionów, Zborów (Zboriv) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1912); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Vienna Basin: Gainfarn, Enzesfeld, Pfaffstätten, Steinebrunn, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Bánd, Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács 2020, Kovács & Vicián 2024); Mecsek Mountains: Hidas (Hungary) (Strausz 1966). (Proto-) Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Montanaro 1935).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD1FF9C2785D57CFE61FCE2.taxon	description	Figs 14, 16 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD1FF9C2785D57CFE61FCE2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0091 c, SL: 31.6 mm, MD: 16.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 26, fig. 3), figs. 16 A 1 – A 3. Paratypes: NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0091 b, SL: 37.6 mm, MD: 20.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 26, fig. 2), figs. 16 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0091 e, SL: 30.9 mm, MD: 15.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 16 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0091 d, SL: 33.1 mm, MD: 17.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 16 D 1 – D 3. Additional paratypes. 7 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0085 (A 1470), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD1FF9C2785D57CFE61FCE2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. hystrix, Ancient Greek for porcupine.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD1FF9C2785D57CFE61FCE2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately broad fusiform shell; early teleoconch whorls with regular sculpture of broad varices and three primary cords; later whorls with prominent varices and broad cords, often spinose over varices; siphonal canal relatively short.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD1FF9C2785D57CFE61FCE2.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, moderately broad fusiform shell; apical angle ~ 50 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to seven whorls. Suture deeply incised, linear. Early teleoconch whorls with narrow subsutural ramp, weakly convex periphery, strongly incised below. Eight prominent wide-spaced axial ribs overrun by prominent IP, P 1 and P 2, slightly swollen over ribs from first to fourth whorl; on following whorls IP, P 1 and P 2 forming short spines; with granulose abis, adis, s 1 and s 2 and tertiary threads. Last whorl attaining ~ 65 – 70 % of total height; ovate with weakly concave subsutural ramp, insignificant, rounded shoulder, moderately convex periphery, moderately constricted below. Axial sculpture of eight very prominent varices overrun by prominent spiral sculpture. IP prominent, P 1 – P 5 very prominent; P 6 atrophied, ADP prominent, MP weak; abis, s 1 – s 5 delicate adjoined by one or two tertiary threads at each side. Primary cords tuberculate or forming short spines at varices and especially on terminal varix. Close-set, delicate growth lines forming delicately granulose or scabrose sculpture on spiral cords. Fasciole swollen, strongly twisted, delimiting broad, shallow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip with strongly crenulate margin, prominent, slightly pointed ID, atrophied or missing D 1, large D 2 and abapically weakening D 3 – D 5 placed some distance behind peristome. Second row of weaker denticles slightly deeper within aperture. Anal canal broadly incised, U-shaped. Siphonal canal relatively short, open, moderately narrow, slightly bent to the left, weakly recurved at tip. Columella straight with broad central columellar fold and slightly weaker fold at slightly angled transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, sharply delimited rim, erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD1FF9C2785D57CFE61FCE2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its relatively stocky outline and change of sculpture on the penultimate and last whorls, which bear broad spines on the varices. Muricopsis hystrix sp. nov. is reminiscent of Pliocene specimens of Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814) as illustrated by Landau et al. (2007: 42, pl. 11, figs. 10 – 11) and Merle et al. (2022: pl. 4) but differs in its shorter siphonal canal and generally stockier shape. Muricopsis landaui Merle in Merle et al. (2002), from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin (Turkey), has a similar outline but differs in its weakly incised suture and the weaker varices, which lack spines (Merle et al. 2022: pl. 3, fig. 7). Muricopsis emus (De Gregorio, 1885) is smaller, has a higher spire and much weaker sculpture. Muricopsis hystrix sp. nov. is restricted to southern Paratethyan basins but does not occur in the Vienna Basin and the Carpathian Foreland Basin, where Muricopsis emus is frequent. Paleoenvironment. Unknown. The occurrence at Letkés (Hungary) points to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014). The extant Muricopsis cristata occur from the intertidal down to 120 m, on rocks and dead corals (Houart 2001).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD1FF9C2785D57CFE61FCE2.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Bánd, Letkés, Márkháza (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Mecsek Mountains: Mecsekpölöske (Hungary) (Kovács 2020; Kovács & Vicián 2024); Banat: Zorlenţul Mare (Romania) (Florei & CriŞan 1967); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019; hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Staropatica (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Genus Murexsul Iredale, 1915	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD1FF9C2785D57CFE61FCE2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex octogonus Quoy & Gaimard, 1833, original designation by Iredale (1915: 471). Present-day, Australia, New Zealand.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD3FFA22785D201FF32FE02.taxon	description	Figs 14, 17 A – C * Murex (Muricidea) moravicus nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 206, pl. 24, figs. 14 – 16. M [urex]. (Muricidea) moravicus Hö. Au. — Boettger 1902: 31.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD3FFA22785D201FF32FE02.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 2024 / 0159 / 0001, SL: 21.8 mm, MD: 11.9 mm, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 24, fig. 15), figs. 17 B 1 – B 3. Paralectotypes: NHMW 2024 / 0159 / 0002, SL: 22.1 mm, MD: 13.1 mm, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 24, fig. 16), figs. 17 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 2024 / 0159 / 0003, SL: 19.5 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 24, fig. 14), figs. 17 C 1 – C 3. Holotype of Murex tarnopolensis Friedberg 1912: Nr. 712, State Natural History Museum, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, L’viv), SL: 11.5 mm, MD: 6.2 mm, Ternopol (Ternopil) (Ukraine), illustrated in Friedberg (1912: pl. 11, fig. 2) Holotype of Murexsul sztanoae Kovács & Vicián, 2024: HNHM M. 60.10.556, SL: 19.0 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Kovács & Vicián 2024: figs. 18 – 19). Paratype: HNHM M. 60.7957, SL: 13.5 mm, MD: 7.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Kovács & Vicián 2024: figs. 20 – 21). Revised description. Small, moderately slender fusiform shell with gradate spire; apical angle ~ 50 – 55 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to six whorls; suture moderately incised. Early teleoconch whorls with shallow, straight subsutural ramp and P 1, P 2 and P 3. Axial sculpture of nine moderately prominent, weakly foliose axial ribs and scabrose growth lines. On antepenultimate and penultimate whorl IP, adis and abis indistinct; P 1, P 2 and P 3 prominent; P 1 forming short, small spines; s 1, s 2 delicate. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height, shouldered, convex mid-whorl, strongly constricted below. Eight widely spaced, narrow, foliose varices. P 1 – P 5 forming broad, prominent spiral cords, IP and P 6 weak. ADP, MP and ABP close-set, broad cords, adis, abis, s 1 – s 6 and ads weak. Fasciole swollen, delimiting broad pseudumbilicus. Aperture roundly ovate. Outer lip thickened, with bevelled edge, shallow incision at shoulder running to P 1. D 1 – D 5 prominent, weakening abapically; D 5 occasionally bifid. Anal canal indistinct. Siphonal canal of medium length, wide, open, slightly deflected to the left, weakly dorsally recurved. Columella excavated in adapical half, with two low, indistinct denticles placed abapically, twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad adherent rim. Paratethyan synonyms. Murex tarnopolensis Friedberg, 1912 is based on a worn specimen, which seems to be conspecific with Murexsul moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885). Murexsul sztanoae Kovács & Vicián 2024 was separated from Murexsul moravica (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) based on “ its more slender spire, much finer spiral cords and narrower axial ribs, weaker denticles, lack of pseudoumbilicus, and less scabrous surface by more widely spaced growth lines. ” (Kovács & Vicián 2024: 11). In our opinion, these differences are minor and do not justify a separation. We include this species here with question mark as we cannot exclude that it might turn out to be a subspecies of Murexsul moravicus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD3FFA22785D201FF32FE02.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Murexsul moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) was placed in Muricopsis by Kovács (2019). However, the aperture, which lacks an ID and a prominent D 2, excludes this placement. Several Pliocene species from the Mediterranean Sea are reminiscent of Murexsul moravicus: Murexsul alternicostus (Michelotti, 1841), differs in its broader outline and less constricted base (see Merle et al. 2022: pl. 24, figs. 4 – 7). Murexsul parvoligusticus (Sacco, 1904) is very similar, and also has strongly angled whorls, but differs in its less convex periphery, broader varices and weaker secondary cords (see Merle et al. 2022: pl. 25, figs. 4 – 5). Sacco (1904) illustrated two specimens as Murex (Poirieria) constantiae var. parvoligustica. Of these, the specimen illustrated in Sacco (1904: pl. 5, fig. 28) was designated as lectotype of Murexsul parvoligusticus by Merle et al. (2022: 218), whereas the specimen illustrated in Sacco (1904: pl. 5, fig. 29) was transferred to Paziella constantiae (D’Ancona, 1871) by Merle et al. (2022). The generic placement of Paziella constantiae follows Merle et al. (2011: 508). Murexsul neocostatus (Cossmann, 1903) has comparably prominent cords but is broader and has a broader subsutural ramp (see Merle et al. 2022: pl. 25, figs. 1 – 3). Paleoenvironment. Inner neritic, shallow marine. Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Ternopol (Ternopil) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1912); Carpathian Foredeep: Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács & Vicián 2024). Genus Pazinotus E. H. Vokes, 1970	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFD3FFA22785D201FF32FE02.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Eupleura stimpsonii Dall, 1889; original designation by E. H. Vokes (1970: 27). Present-day, Western Atlantic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEDFFA12785D320FCB8FA5B.taxon	description	Figs 14, 18 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEDFFA12785D320FCB8FA5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0619 a, SL: 11.4 mm, MD: 6.2 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 18 A 1 – A 3. Paratypes: NHMW 1858 / 0015 / 0117, SL: 12.0 mm, MD: 7.2 mm, Rousínov (Raussnitz) (Czech Republic), figs. 18 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0619 b, SL: 10.5 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 18 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0470, SL: 8.2 mm, MD: 4.9 mm, Forchtenau (Austria), figs. 18 D 1 – D 3. Type locality. Niederleis (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEDFFA12785D320FCB8FA5B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. aster, Ancient Greek for star, referring to the star-like outline in apical view.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEDFFA12785D320FCB8FA5B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, solid, stocky fusiform shell with relatively high spire and convex last whorl with low base; seven very prominent, raised varices aligned axially, resulting in star-like outline in apical view; weak spiral sculpture.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEDFFA12785D320FCB8FA5B.taxon	description	Description. Small, solid, stocky fusiform shell; apical angle ~ 55 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture impressed, shallowly undulating. Early whorls with broad subsutural ramp, angled shoulder placed slightly below mid-whorl, weakly constricted below. Axial sculpture of seven very prominent, widely spaced ribs. Spiral sculpture worn, prominent P 1 and P 2 in interspaced between axial ribs. Last whorl attaining ~ 62 – 65 % of total height; moderately steep subsutural ramp, angled shoulder, convex periphery, moderately constricted below. Seven (rarely six) strongly raised, widely spaced, weakly foliose varices, aligned axially. Cords adis, abis weak, IP slightly more prominent; P 1 prominent along shoulder, P 2 weak, P 3, P 4, more prominent, P 5, P 6, ADP weak. Secondary cords s 1, s 2 almost as strong as primary cords or weak; abis weak. Fasciole slightly swollen, delimiting deep, narrow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture small, narrowly ovate. Outer lip strongly thickened. ID prominent or missing, D 1 – D 4 moderately prominent. Anal canal wide, indistinct. Siphonal canal moderately short, open, moderately narrow, bent to the left. Columella broadly excavated, smooth, angled at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, sharply delimited rim; erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEDFFA12785D320FCB8FA5B.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Since Bałuk (1995), Pazinotus aster sp. nov. has been confused with Pazinotus typhioides (Mayer, 1869), which was originally described from the Langhian of the Loire Basin. Pazinotus typhioides, however, differs distinctly in its slenderer outline, higher, less convex last whorl and higher base and it has P 1 – P 5 equally strong (see Mayer 1869: 83, pl. 3, fig. 6; Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: 143, no. 762, pl. 14, figs. 14 – 15; Glibert 1952: 296, pl. 6, fig. 8; Merle et al. 2022: 400, pl. 116, figs. 2 – 9). Pazinotus typhioides occurred in the northeastern Atlantic from the Burdigalian to the Langhian (Merle et al. 2022), whereas P. aster is known so far only from the Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea. Paleoenvironment. The Niederleis section, sediment and biota from coastal and lagoonal environments not exceeding 30 m water depth were transported by tempestites into offshore settings (Mandic et al. 2002). Occurrences at Letkés (Hungary) point to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEDFFA12785D320FCB8FA5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); Carpathian Foreland Basin: Rousínov (Raussnitz) (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Niederleis (Austria) (hoc opus); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (hoc opus), Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEEFFA02785D49AFE9AFADB.taxon	description	Figs 14, 19 A 1 – A 3	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEEFFA02785D49AFE9AFADB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Zilch 1934: 252): SFM 36326 (= 12 - 2259 a), SL: 13.7 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 15, fig. 80), Figs. 19 A 1 – A 3. Revised description. Medium-sized, biconic shell; apical angle 51 °. Protoconch conical of three smooth whorls; small, bulbous protoconch I; protoconch II of moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to 4.5 whorls. Early teleoconch whorls shouldered with convex subsutural ramp; suture deeply incised. Axial sculpture of moderately prominent varices (seven on spire whorls, six on last whorl). P 1 forming long, adaxially curved spines on shoulder varices, P 2 with shorter spines, cords subobsolete between varices. Last whorl attaining 68 % of total height, shouldered, conical below. Spiral sculpture strongly reduced between foliose varices; IP, P 1 – P 5 with tertiary threads developed on either side of secondary cords s 1 – s 6; ADP, MP and ABP of same strength as adapical secondary cords (s 5, s 6). Aperture subtrigonal with flat adapical portion. Outer lip strongly thickened by foliose terminal varix, with shallow shoulder canal running to P 1; prominent D 1 – D 5 placed just behind peristome. Anal canal indistinct. Siphonal canal of medium length, open, straight, narrow, dorsally recurved, deeply notched. Columella moderately excavated in adapical half, bearing three denticles on abapical half, weakening adapically; abapical denticle marking slightly angled transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, erect rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEEFFA02785D49AFE9AFADB.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is known so far only from its holotype. Pazinotus attonans (Boettger, 1906) is characterized by its small size and foliose varices. Pazinotus hamulifer (Boettger, 1906) is comparable in size but differs in its lower spire whorls, more constricted base, and stronger secondary sculpture. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEEFFA02785D49AFE9AFADB.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEFFFA62785D419FCDFFBE6.taxon	description	Figs 14, 20 A – G	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEFFFA62785D419FCDFFBE6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Zilch 1934: 251) SFM 373038 (= 12 - 2275 a), SL: 13.5 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania). illustrated in Zilch (1945: pl. 15, fig. 77), figs. 20 A 1 – A 2. Illustrated material. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0665, SL: 9.9 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 20 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0226 a, SL: 9.8 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, Baden (Austria), figs. 20 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0226 b, SL: 10.5 mm, MD: 7.8 mm, Baden (Austria), figs. 20 D 1 – D 3. NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0843 a, SL: 10.2 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 20 E 1 – E 3. NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0843 b, SL: 9.4 mm, MD: 5.9 mm, Niederleis (Austria), Fig. 20 F. NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0843 c, SL: 9.3 mm, MD: 6.1 mm, Niederleis (Austria), Fig. 20 G. Revised description. Small, broadly fusiform shell with conical spire and deeply incised suture; apical angle ~ 56 °. Protoconch conical of three smooth, weakly convex whorls. Early teleoconch whorls shouldered with P 1 and P 2 appearing simultaneously at protoconch / teleoconch junction. Subsutural ramp rapidly widening from first to second whorl. Axial sculpture of eight foliose axial ribs forming moderate length recurved spines over P 1, very short spines over P 2. Weak s 1 appearing on third teleoconch whorl and weak s 2 on penultimate whorl. Periphery at P 2 on first two whorls, at P 1 on later whorls. Subsutural ramp convex with weak IP appearing on third whorl; even weaker adis followed by abis on penultimate whorl. P 3 appears at abapical suture on penultimate whorl. Last whorl attaining 70 % of total height, strongly shouldered with conical base. Axial sculpture of six prominent, weakly foliose varices. Subsutural ramp convex with delicate IP, even weaker adis, abis; P 1 forming very long adapically curved spines on varices; P 2 – P 5 and s 1 – s 5 well developed; P 6 weaker; ADP, MP and ABP forming short spines; primary and secondary cords terminating in narrow spines at aperture. Aperture pyriform. Outer lip with weakly crenulate edge; ID weak, D 1 – D 5 prominent. Anal canal indistinct. Siphonal canal moderately long, open, narrow, dorsally recurved. Columella moderately excavated in adapical half, slightly angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad rim, adherent in parietal area, sharply delimited from base. Paratethyan synonyms. Pazinotus martonszaboi Kovács & Vicián, 2024, holotype: HNHM PAL 2024.6.1, SL: 12.1 mm, MD: 7.6 mm, Tekeres (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács & Vicián (2024: figs. 29 – 30); paratype: HNHM PAL 2024.7.1, SL: 10.5 mm, MD: 6.9 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács & Vicián (2024: figs. 31 – 32). The specimens fall within the range of morphological variability of Pazinotus hamulifer (Boettger, 1906) as understood herein.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEFFFA62785D419FCDFFBE6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The lectotype of Pazinotus hamulifer (Boettger, 1906) is a specimen with strongly curved spine on the terminal varix and narrow, spinose secondary cords. Additional material from the Vienna Basin documents some variability in these features. The terminal spine may be less prominent, straight, or largely reduced, and the cords may be broader (Fig. 20 B). This species was placed by Merle et al. (2011) in Paziella Jousseaume, 1880 [type species Murex pazi Crosse, 1869; present-day, Western Atlantic] but the new material suggests placement in Pazinotus E. H. Vokes, 1970. Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at the locality Letkés (Hungary) suggests inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEFFFA62785D419FCDFFBE6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Niederleis (Austria) (hoc opus); Mecsek Mountains: Tekeres (Hungary), Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) Kovács & Vicián (2024); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE9FFA42785D504FF2DFA39.taxon	description	Figs 21, 22 A – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE9FFA42785D504FF2DFA39.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0841, SL: 8.2 mm, MD: 4.0 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 22 A 1 – A 3. Paratypes: NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0841 a, SL: 8.3 mm, MD: 4.4 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 22 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0841 b, SL: 9.0 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 22 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0841 c, SL: 6.3 mm, MD: 4.6 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 22 D 1 – D 2. NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0841 d, SL: 7.8 mm, MD: 4.5 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 22 E. Type locality. Niederleis (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE9FFA42785D504FF2DFA39.taxon	etymology	Etymology. pulcher, Latin for beautiful.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE9FFA42785D504FF2DFA39.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, delicate, fusiform shell with slightly scalate spire and seven narrow, raised, weakly foliaceous varices aligned along shell axis, forming adapically directed spines along shoulder; siphonal canal moderately long.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE9FFA42785D504FF2DFA39.taxon	description	Description. Small, delicate, fusiform shell with slightly scalate spire; apical angle ~ 50 °. Protoconch high conical of two smooth, moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Suture strongly incised, linear. Early teleoconch whorls with shallow subsutural ramp, narrowly rounded shoulder, subcylindrical periphery, constricted below. Axial sculpture of seven narrow, raised, foliaceous varices. Spiral sculpture of weak P 1 and P 2; P 1 forming short, open, adapically directed spines along shoulder. Last whorl attaining ~ 65 % of total height; with shallow subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder subcylindrical periphery, moderately constricted below, high base. Axials sculpture of seven narrow, foliaceous varices, strictly aligned axially. Spiral sculpture weak, most prominent on varices; IP weak, P 1 – P 4 and ADP forming low, broad cords. Subobsolete P 5, P 6 and secondary cords s 1, s 2 and s 3. P 1 forming short, adapically directed spines. Fasciole weakly swollen, delimiting narrow groove. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip thickened with weak D 1 – D 5. Anal canal wide, indistinct. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, open, slightly bent to the left, dorsally recurved at tip. Columella weakly excavated, smooth, twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming narrow, sharply delimited rim, erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE9FFA42785D504FF2DFA39.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pazinotus pulcher sp. nov. is superficially reminiscent of Pazinotus typhioides (Mayer, 1869), from the Langhian of the Loire Basin. They differ in the weaker spiral sculpture and higher base of P. pulcher. Pazinotus hamulifer (Boettger, 1906) has more numerous varices on the spire whorls and a much longer spine on the terminal varix. Pazinotus attonans (Boettger, 1906) is reminiscent of P. pulcher in its spiral sculpture but has a strongly foliaceous terminal varix. Paleoenvironment. The Niederleis section, sediment and biota from coastal and lagoonal environments not exceeding 30 m water depth were transported by tempestites into offshore settings (Mandic et al. 2002). Occurrences at Letkés (Hungary) point to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE9FFA42785D504FF2DFA39.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Niederleis (Austria). Genus Pygmaepterys E. H. Vokes, 1978	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE9FFA42785D504FF2DFA39.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex alfredensis Bartsch, 1915; original designation by E. H. Vokes (1978: 398). Present-day, South Africa.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEBFFAB2785D77DFE38FA67.taxon	description	Figs 21, 23 A 1 – A 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEBFFAB2785D77DFE38FA67.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Zilch 1934: 251), SFM 363228 (= 12 - 2320 a), SL: 10.0 mm, MD: 5.6 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 15, fig. 79), figs. 23 A 1 – A 2. Revised description. Small, broadly fusiform shell with conical spire; apical angle 50 °. Protoconch conical, worn, consisting of> 2 smooth whorls. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Spire whorls shouldered; suture deeply incised. Axial sculpture of moderately prominent varices (seven on spire whorls, six on last whorl). Spiral sculpture of broad P 1 and P 2; P 1 forming short, adaxially curved spines on shoulder varix. Shell surface covered by dense, delicate, scabrose growth lines. Last whorl attaining 71 % of total height, moderately convex; P 1 relatively weak, P 2 – P 4 prominent, broad, P 5 of intermediate strength, P 6 weak, ADP and MP of intermediate strength; s 2 – s 4 weak. Delicate, scabrose secondaries intercalated on flaring terminal varix. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip strongly thickened by foliose terminal varix, with weakly crenulate edge; prominent D 1 – D 5. Anal canal weakly accentuated by weak anal denticle and ID. Siphonal canal of medium length, open, straight, slightly dorsally recurved. Columella moderately excavated in adapical half with prominent denticle above slightly angled transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad partly erect rim, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEBFFAB2785D77DFE38FA67.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pygmaepterys giselae (Boettger, 1902) was considered a subjective junior synonym of Pygmaepterys transsylvanicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) by Merle et al. (2022: 378). However, they differ in the fewer (6 versus 8) and more strongly flaring varices of P. giselae, which consequently do not form the characteristic cancellate pattern seen in P. transsylvanicus. Moreover, P. transsylvanicus is slenderer, the varices do not develop recurved spines on P 1, the outer lip denticles are slightly stronger, with D 2 being strongest in some specimens, and there are more numerous folds on the abapical half of the columella. Therefore, we consider the two species distinct. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFEBFFAB2785D77DFE38FA67.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1902; Kovács 2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE4FFA92785D484FF32FEEA.taxon	description	Figs 21, 24 A – B * Murex (Muricidea) transsylvanicus nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 207, pl. 24, fig. 12.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE4FFA92785D484FF32FEEA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1874 / 0025 / 0031, SL: 12.5 mm, MD: 5.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 24, fig. 12), figs. 24 A 1 – A 3. Paralectotype: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0175, SL: 11.6 mm, MD: 5.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 24 B 1 – B 3. Revised description. Small, solid, slender fusiform shell; apical angle ~ 55 °. Protoconch worn, conical of> 2.5 weakly convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture deeply incised, linear. First two teleoconch whorls with broad, steep, weakly convex subsutural ramp and shoulder placed short distance above suture. Axial sculpture of eight prominent, relatively narrow, widely spaced ribs, overrun by moderately prominent IP, abis and prominent P 1, forming cancellate pattern. Later whorls weakly convex with very prominent P 1 and P 2 and foliose varices. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height; slender ovate, with weakly convex subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, moderately contracting below. Axial sculpture of eight prominent, raised, weakly foliose varices and primary cords of same strength, forming cancellate pattern with deep interspaces. P 1 – P 4 very prominent, subequal; IP and P 5 weak, P 6 atrophied; ADP, MP, ABP forming weaker, rounded, close-set cords. Interspaces with delicately scabrose growth lines; EAB occasional and weak; s 2 very weak. Fasciole weakly swollen, delimiting narrow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip strongly thickened with prominent ID and prominent D 1 – D 5, D 2 slightly stronger in some specimens. Anal canal weakly incised, broadly U-shaped, Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately narrow, open, slightly bent to the left. Columella strongly excavated with about four denticles strengthening abapically, strongly angled at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad adherent rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE4FFA92785D484FF32FEEA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pygmaepterys transsylvanicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) is characterized by its cancellate sculpture. Pygmaepterys aturensis Lozouet, 1999, from the Chattian of the Aquitaine Basin, is very similar in outline and sculpture but has weaker denticles and is only about half the size of P. transsylvanicus (see Lozouet 1999: pl. 12, figs. 3 – 4; Merle et al. 2022: pl. 104, 5 – 6). Pygmaepterys subdecussatus (d’Orbigny, 1852), from the Early Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin, differs in its lower spire and more horizontally elongate cancellate sculpture (see Merle et al. 2022: pl. 104, figs. 8 – 10). Paleoenvironment. Occurrences at Letkés (Hungary) point to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014). The occurrence at Bánd (locality 28) (Hungary) indicates intertidal-sublittoral patch reef environments (pers. comm. Zoltán Kovács 22. 1. 2025).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE4FFA92785D484FF32FEEA.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Márkháza (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018; Kovács & Vicián 2024); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Vicián et al. 2017); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019). Genus Tripterotyphis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE4FFA92785D484FF32FEEA.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Typhis lowei Pilsbry, 1931; by original designation (Pilsbry & Lowe 1932: 78). Present-day, Eastern Atlantic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE6FFA82785D006FF2BF8F0.taxon	description	Figs 21, 25 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE6FFA82785D006FF2BF8F0.taxon	description	Murex (Typhis) Wenzelidesi Hörnes — Hörnes 1853: 264, pl. 26, figs. 12 a – d. Typhis Wenzelidesi — Quenstedt 1884: 654, pl. 211, fig. 39. Typhis Wenzelidesi M. Hoern. — Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 228.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE6FFA82785D006FF2BF8F0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. The syntypes are stored in the University of Bordeaux (France). Illustrated material. NHMW 2024 / 0161 / 0001, SL: 10.0 mm, MD: 4.8 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 25 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1871 / 0011 / 0020, SL: 15.0 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 25 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0221, SL: 12.5 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 26, fig. 12), holotype of Murex (Typhis) wenzelidesi Hörnes, 1853, figs. 25 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 2024 / 0161 / 0002, SL: 9.9 mm, MD: 5.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 25 D 1 – D 2. Revised description. Small, relatively slender fusiform, trivaricate shell; apical angle ~ 42 °. Protoconch incomplete, high conical of about three convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture deeply incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with three very prominent, raised varices with adapically directed shoulder spine. Spiral sculpture strongly reduced; P 1, P 2 forming subobsolete broad cords with concave pits in interspaces at base of varices; P 1 forming long tubular shoulder spine at end of first teleoconch whorl. Growth lines forming very delicately scabrose sculpture over entire shell surface. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height; weakly convex periphery moderately constricted below with high base. P 1 – P 6 prominent on varices; P 1 (long tubular shoulder spine); P 2 – P 6 forming bead-like tubercles on apertural side of varices, separated by deep, concave pits. Base of shoulder spines and terminal tubercles of P 2 – P 6 fringed by delicate, raised foliose expansion; ADP, MP and ADP weak. Fasciole swollen, narrow, delimiting broad, shallow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip strongly thickened by terminal varix, with crenulate edge. Prominent D 1 – D 5; D 2, D 3 bifid. Anal canal narrowly incised at P 1, accentuated by weak to subobsolete parietal denticle. Siphonal canal long, fused in fully grown specimens, straight to slightly bent to the left. Columella weakly excavated, smooth, slightly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, sharply delimited rim, erect over siphonal canal.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE6FFA82785D006FF2BF8F0.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Murex wenzelidesi was introduced by Hörnes (1853) as new name for “ 1840 Murex tripterus Grateloup ” (referring to the plates in Grateloup 1845), which he considered to be preoccupied. This assumption, however, was incorrect, as Grateloup (1833) had established this species in Typhis and not in Murex, which indeed would have been preoccupied by Murex tripterus Born, 1778. Nevertheless, Murex (Typhis) wenzelidesi was not explicitly declared to be a new name for Grateloup’s species but was based on specimens from Steinebrunn (Austria). Herein, we follow Kovács et al. (2018) and treat Murex (Typhis) wenzelidesi as subjective junior synonym of Tripterotyphis tripterus (Grateloup, 1833) because the specimen illustrated by Cossmann & Peyrot (1924, pl. 15, figs. 13 – 14) from the Early Miocene of France is indistinguishable from the Paratethyan specimens, including the bifid denticles. Among the extant congeners, Tripterotyphis jamesmacleani Wiedrick & Houart, 2021, from the eastern Pacific, is very similar to Tripterotyphis tripterus in shape and sculpture but differs in its higher spire. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic; the occurrence at Steinebrunn might point to seagrass environments (own data, M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE6FFA82785D006FF2BF8F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1902). Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian-Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Léognan, Saint-Paul-lésDax (France) (Cossmann & Peyrot 1924); Langhian (Middle Miocene): Loire Basin: Mirebeau (France) (Peyrot 1938).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE0FFAF2785D1F0FE1BFE92.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Cathymorula cathyae Landau, Houart & C. M. Silva, 2007; original designation by Landau et al. (2007: 53). Pliocene, Spain.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE0FFAD2785D0D0FE48F800.taxon	description	Figs 26, 27 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE0FFAD2785D0D0FE48F800.taxon	description	Purpura exilis Partsch — Roemer 1870: 380, pl. 47, fig. 7. Purpura (Stramonita) exilis Partsch — Hoernes & Auinger 1882: 152 (pars).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE0FFAD2785D0D0FE48F800.taxon	description	Th [ais]. (S [tramonita].) exilis (Partsch) — Sieber 1958: 146.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE0FFAD2785D0D0FE48F800.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0165, SL: 30.6 mm, MD: 19.3 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853, pl. 13, fig. 21), figs. 27 A 1 – A 3. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0167 a, SL: 33.1 mm, MD: 19.2 mm, Mikulov (Czech Republic), figs. 27 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0167 b, SL: 27.3 mm, MD: 17.4 mm, Mikulov (Czech Republic), figs. 27 C 1 – C 3. Additional material. 25 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0411, Gainfarn (Austria) and Mikulov (Czech Republic); 3 spec., NHMW A 1520, Enzesfeld (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1864 / 0042 / 0007, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0040 / 0187, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1849 / 0001 / 0250, Möllersdorf (Austria); 12 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 1050, Forchtenau (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0010 / 0014, Enzesfeld (Austria); 7 spec., NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0470, Grund (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1847 / 0046 / 0018, Szob (Hungary); 7 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0066, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Medium-sized, solid, ovate shell; apical angle ~ 80 °. Protoconch conical, of 2.5 whorls. Teleoconch of up to 4.5 whorls. Suture weakly impressed, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with weakly concave subsutural ramp and shoulder (marked by P 1) placed short distance above suture. Sculpture of narrow adis, IP, abis and subequal secondary cords and nine rounded nodes along shoulder (P 1). Last whorl attaining ~ 82 – 85 % of total height; ovate with broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, convex periphery, moderately constricted below. Numerous weak spiral cords on subsutural ramp (including SP, adis, IP and abis) about nine to ten weak nodes along shoulder. P 1 – P 4 on convex part of whorl, P 5 – P 6 on siphonal canal. Primary cords broad, flattish, bifid cords occasionally with low, indistinct nodes. Secondary cords of subequal strength (s 1 – s 4), separated by narrow grooves. Fasciole swollen, relatively short, delimiting broad, deep pseudoumbilicus. Aperture moderately narrowly ovate; outer lip thin with weak ID and prominent D 1 – D 4, passing into four lirae persisting far into aperture. Anal canal deeply incised, U-shaped, accentuated by blunt parietal denticle. Siphonal canal, moderately short, wide, open, straight. Columella deeply excavated in adapical half, almost straight below, with faint denticle and weak columellar fold at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad rim, poorly delimited from base, weakly erect at siphonal canal, adherent above.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE0FFAD2785D0D0FE48F800.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Purpura exilis was first used as name for a Miocene species by Paul Maria Partsch (1791 – 1856) on collection labels and was made available by Hörnes (1852). Both had overlooked that the name was already used by Link (1807: 121), who provided a German description for an extant species. We are not aware of this name being used as a valid name after 1899 and therefore we refer to Article 23.9.1.1. of the ICZN (1999) and assume that Purpura exilis Link, 1807 is a nomen oblitum. Cathymorula cathyae Landau, Houart & C. M. Silva, 2007, from the Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea, differs in its broader spiral cords, the weaker shoulder, which lacks nodes, and develops the presence of five denticles (ID simple, D 1 bifid, D 2 to D 4 simple) in the outer lip (see Landau et al. 2007: pl. 14, figs. 1 – 4). Similarly, Cathymorula stazzanensis (Bellardi, 1882), from the Tortonian of Italy and Portugal (Bellardi 1882: pl. 11, fig. 23; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 33, fig. 3; Landau et al. 2007: pl. 14, fig. 5) lacks an angled shoulder and has more numerous denticles (ID simple, D 1 bifid, D 2 probably bifid, D 3 – D 4 simple). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE0FFAD2785D0D0FE48F800.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Stetten (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002); Vienna Basin: Niederkreuzstetten (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882); Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Rybnica (Poland) (Friedberg 1938); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden, Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Pfaffstätten, Steinebrunn, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Szob (Hungary), Mecsek Mountains: Hidas, Hosszúhetény, (Hoernes & Auinger 1882; Strausz 1966; Kovács 2020; Kovács et al. 2018; Kovács & Vicián 2024); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Cserhát Hills: Kelet-Cserhát, Márkháza, Sámsonháza, (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019; hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Staropatica (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Akpınar, Seyithasan (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE3FFB32785D1F0FAA2F84E.taxon	description	Figs 26, 28 A – D Purpura exilis Partsch — Hörnes 1852: 169 (pars) [non Cathymorula exilis (Hörnes, 1852)]. Purpura (Stramonita) exilis Partsch — Hoernes & Auinger 1882: 152 (pars) [non Cathymorula exilis (Hörnes, 1852)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE3FFB32785D1F0FAA2F84E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1857 / 0019 / 0079 a, SL: 28.3 mm, MD: 19.2 mm, Grund (Austria), figs. 28 A 1 – A 3. Paratypes: NHMW 1857 / 0019 / 0079 b, SL: 29.5 mm, MD: 18.7 mm, Grund (Austria), figs. 28 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1855 / 0002 / 0007 a, SL: 27.4 mm, MD: 17.9 mm, Grund (Austria), figs. 28 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1855 / 0002 / 0007 b, SL: 27.8 mm, MD: 20.5 mm, Grund (Austria), figs. 28 D 1 – D 3. Additional paratypes: 3 spec., NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0470, Grund (Austria). Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE3FFB32785D1F0FAA2F84E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. exilissima, referring to Cathymorula exilis (Hörnes, 1852).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE3FFB32785D1F0FAA2F84E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, solid, globose-ovate shell with high last whorl; spiral sculpture of broad, flattened cords separated by narrow grooves; outer lip with weak ID and five prominent (D 1 split, D 2 – D 4 simple), short lirae; columella with weak to subobsolete columellar fold.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE3FFB32785D1F0FAA2F84E.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, solid, globose-ovate shell with low, coeloconoid spire; apical angle ~ 80 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Suture linear, superficial. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex to straight sided with periphery (= P 1) at abapical suture. Axial sculpture of broad, subobsolete ribs overrun by broad subsutural cord and slightly narrower cords separated by narrow grooves. Last whorl attaining 86 – 90 % of total height; inflated, with convex periphery; rarely with faint shoulder; slowly contracting. No axial sculpture; spiral sculpture of numerous broad, flat cords separated by narrow grooves. Sutural ramp: SP, adis, IP, adis narrow; convex part of whorl: P 1 – P 5 broad, split by shallower grooves; s 1 – s 4 corresponding in width to split part of primary cords; siphonal canal; s 5, P 6, ADP. Fasciole broad, twisted, delimiting broad, shallow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Outer lip not thickened, with blunt ID and five short (D 1 bifid, D 2 – D 4 simple), prominent lirae placed some distance within peristome. Anal canal distinctly incised, relatively narrow, accentuated by weak parietal callus. Siphonal canal short, straight, wide, open, deeply notched. Columella broadly excavated with weak to subobsolete columellar fold, occasionally with denticle below, angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus thin, broad, poorly delimited from base.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE3FFB32785D1F0FAA2F84E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Cathymorula exilissima sp. nov. was confused by Hörnes (1852) with Cathymorula exilis (Hörnes, 1852) but differs from that species by its convex periphery, which lacks a shoulder and by the absence of any tubercles. In addition, the last whorl of Cathymorula exilissima is much higher and the spire low and largely covered by the last whorl, even more inflated and has five (D 1 bifid) instead of four denticles (D 1 simple) inside the apertural lip. Cathymorula exilissima sp. nov. belongs to a Miocene radiation, which is represented in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea by several species, which all have globose-ovate shells with reduced spiral sculpture. Of these, Cathymorula rarisulcata (Bellardi, 1882), from the Tortonian of Stazzano (Italy), is extraordinarily similar to C. exilissima but develops only D 1 (simple) to D 4 prominent lirae (see Bellardi 1882: pl. 11, fig. 13; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 32, fig. 9). Cathymorula reflexa (Bellardi, 1882), from the Burdigalian of Valle Ceppi (Italy), differs from C. exilissima in its higher spire and more elongate ovate outline (see Bellardi 1882: pl. 11, fig. 5; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 32, fig. 3). The same features distinguish Cathymorula arata (Bellardi, 1882), from the Early or Middle Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy) (see Bellardi 1882: pl. 11, fig. 10; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 32, fig. 4). Cathymorula erosa (Bellardi, 1882), from the Tortonian of S. Agata (Italy), has a dome-shaped spire, a straight columella, weaker spiral sculpture and lacks denticles in the outer lip (see Bellardi 1882: pl. 11, fig. 12; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 32, fig. 8). Purpura erosa and Purpura rarisulcata were not included in the genus Cathymorula by Landau et al. (2007: 53) due to the poor preservation of the shells. However, they are likely to belong there. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE3FFB32785D1F0FAA2F84E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882). Genus Ergalatax Iredale, 1931	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE3FFB32785D1F0FAA2F84E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Ergalatax recurrens Iredale, 1931 [= Ergalatax pauper (Watson, 1883); original designation by Iredale (1931: 231). Present-day, Australia.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFE3FFB32785D1F0FAA2F84E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. MolluscaBase eds (2024 d) lists nine extant species of Ergalatax. Only two species are known from the European Neogene: Ergalatax seraphinae (Boettger, 1902) from the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys and Ergalatax cf. seraphinae sensu Lozouet et al. (2001) from the Early Miocene of the northeastern Atlantic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFDFFB12785D1F0FCB5FD5E.taxon	description	Figs 26, 29 A 1 – A 3	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFDFFB12785D1F0FCB5FD5E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype designated by Zilch (1934: 254), SMF 373157 (old number: SMF XII 2242 a), Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt / Main, Germany, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 16, fig. 94). Revised description. Small, stout, solid, biconic shell; apical angle 63 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture weakly incised, moderately undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with steep, broad subsutural ramp, sharp shoulder angulation placed just above abapical suture. Eight axial ribs weakening adapically, forming blunt tubercles at shoulder. Broad SP appearing on third teleoconch whorl developing blunt, poorly defined, somewhat irregular tubercles, roughly alternating with tubercles on P 1. Interspace between SP and P 1 distinctly concave. Delicate adis, IP, and abis adjoined by tertiary threads. Last whorl attaining 67 % of total height; with broad, concave subsutural ramp (with delicate adis, IP, and abis), convex periphery, slowly contracting below. P 1 – P 4 prominent, trigonal in cross-section, with weaker s 1 – s 3; P 5 prominent, on siphonal canal. Growth lines weakly scabrose in spiral interspaces. Fasciole moderately swollen. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip thickened with very prominent, rounded ID, D 1 – D 4 close behind peristome. Anal canal deeply incised, accentuated by prominent parietal denticle and weaker anal denticle. Siphonal canal short, wide, open, slightly deflected to the left, shallowly notched. Columella straight with three weak columellar folds; abapical fold marking angled transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, adherent rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFDFFB12785D1F0FCB5FD5E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was placed in the Pisaniidae genus Cantharus Röding, 1798 by Zilch (1934) but excluded from this family by Lozouet et al. (2001) and Harzhauser & Landau (2024). Herein, we follow Lozouet et al. (2001) and place Pollia seraphinae Boettger, 1902 in Ergalatax based on its striking similarity with the extant Indo-West Pacific species Ergalatax martensi (Schepman, 1892) [senior synonym of Ergalatax obscura Houart, 1996, see Merle 1999 (fig. 22 F for the nomenclature of internal denticles and cords). They differ in the lower spire and more swollen subsutural cord of the Miocene species (see Houart 2008 for a review of this group). Moreover, E. martensi lacks columellar folds. Ergalatax seraphinae is characterized by its somewhat irregular, tubercular sculpture and the roughly trigonal cross-section of the primary cords. The specimen from the Aquitanian (Early Miocene) of Saucats (France), identified by Lozouet et al. (2001) as Ergalatax cf. seraphinae (Boettger, 1901 [sic]) is morphologically closely related to the Paratethyan species but differs in its broader shell, lower spire, rounded as opposed to trigonal primary spiral cords and weaker secondary cords abis, adis and s 2. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFDFFB12785D1F0FCB5FD5E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906). Genus Claremontiella Houart, Zuccon & Puillandre, 2019	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFDFFB12785D1F0FCB5FD5E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Purpura nodulosa C. B. Adams, 1845, original designation by Houart et al. (2019: 40). Present-day, western Atlantic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFDFFB12785D1F0FCB5FD5E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. We place Murex pauli Hilber, 1882 [= Purpura (Sistrum) austriaca Hoernes & Auinger, 1882], Pollia augustae Boettger, 1902 and Pollia bellardii Hoernes & Auinger, 1890, from the Middle Miocene of the Paratethys Sea, in Claremontiella. These are the first records of this genus from the European Neogene. Purpura (Sistrum) austriaca Hoernes & Auinger, 1882 was placed by Kovács et al. (2018) in Habromorula Houart, 1995 a [type species Purpura biconica Blainville, 1832; present-day, Indo-West Pacific] but Habromorula differs in its ovoid shape and lacks the prominent P 3 and P 4 of Claremontiella.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFEFFB02785D39DFF2BFD96.taxon	description	Figs 26, 30 A 1 – A 3	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFEFFB02785D39DFF2BFD96.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype designated by Zilch (1934: 254), SMF 366524 (= 12 - 2240 a), Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt / Main, Germany, SL: 6.6 mm, MD: 3.3 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 16, fig. 93), figs. 30 A 1 – A 3. Revised description. Small, slender fusiform shell; apical angle 50 °. Protoconch broad conical of 2.75 smooth, convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture weakly incised. Early teleoconch whorls with steep, weakly concave subsutural ramp and shoulder placed short distance above suture. Axial sculpture of ten narrow ribs. Spiral sculpture of two prominent cords (SP, P 1 stronger), forming rounded tubercles at intersections with ribs; interspaces deep, cancellate. P 2 appearing at abapical suture on third teleoconch whorl. Simultaneously, weak s 1, s 2 with one delicate abapical tertiary cord appear. Last whorl attaining 63 % of total height, with rounded shoulder. Eight prominent ribs; terminal varix most prominent, slightly flaring. SP, P 1 – P 4 forming broad, prominent cords, overrun by about three delicate tertiary threads. abis, IP, s 1, s 2, s 3 and tertiary threads very weak to subobsolete. P 5 weak on siphonal canal. Growth lines weakly scabrose close to terminal varix. Rounded tubercles formed at intersections where primary cords overrun axial ribs. Fasciole weakly swollen. Aperture narrow, ovate. Outer lip thickened, with prominent, rounded D 1 – D 4; D 1 strongest, ID subobsolete. Anal canal distinctly incised, broadly U-shaped, accentuated by broad parietal denticle. Siphonal canal moderately short, narrow, straight, deeply notched. Columella straight with three columellar denticles, columellar callus forming narrow, adherent rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFEFFB02785D39DFF2BFD96.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Slender specimens of the extant Claremontiella nodulosa (C. B. Adams, 1845) are reminiscent of Claremontiella augustae (Boettger, 1902) but differ in their larger size. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFEFFB02785D39DFF2BFD96.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus, (Romania) (Boettger 1906).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFFFFB72785D3D5FD6AFA42.taxon	description	Figs 26, 31 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFFFFB72785D3D5FD6AFA42.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), NHMW 1876 / 0011 / 0040, SL: 6.4 mm, MD: 3.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 27, fig. 15), figs. 31 A 1 – A 3. Paralectotypes, NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0182, SL: 6.3 mm, MD: 3.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 31 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0445, SL: 6.5 mm, MD: 3.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 31 C 1 – C 3. Additional material. 36 spec., NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0185, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). 3 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0049 / 00260, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Very small, slender fusiform shell; apical angle 40 °. Protoconch broad conical of 3 smooth, convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Suture moderately incised. Early teleoconch whorls with steep, weakly concave subsutural ramp and shoulder placed short distance above suture. Axial sculpture of nine prominent ribs. Spiral sculpture of two prominent cords (SP, P 1 stronger), forming rounded tubercles at intersections with ribs; P 1 forming pointed tubercles on last whorls. P 2 appearing at abapical suture on third teleoconch whorl. Last whorl attaining ~ 60 % of total height, with angled shoulder, weakly convex periphery, rapidly contracting below. Eight prominent ribs with trigonal cross-section, resulting in stellate outline in apical view. SP, P 1 – P 3 forming broad, prominent cords; IP (sutural ramp), P 4, P 5 (siphonal canal weak, narrow; s 1, s 2, s 3 weak with two subequal tertiary threads on either side. Growth lines very weak. Rounded tubercles formed at intersections where primary cords overrun axial ribs; P 1 with pointed tubercles. Fasciole weakly swollen. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip thickened, with prominent, rounded D 1 – D 4; D 1 stronger; ID weak or missing. Anal canal distinctly incised, accentuated by weak parietal denticle. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, open, slightly bent to the left Columella straight with three weak columellar denticles. Columellar callus forming broad, sharply delimited rim, erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFFFFB72785D3D5FD6AFA42.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Claremontiella bellardii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) differs from Claremontiella pauli (Hilber, 1882) in its smaller size and slenderer outline. Claremontiella augustae (Boettger, 1902) is of similar size but C. bellardii forms more pointed tubercles over varices of P 1. Claremontiella bellardii has P 4 and P 5 both developed whereas P 4 is of intermediate strength in C. augustae and P 5 is not developed. Moreover, C. bellardii has a considerably longer siphonal canal. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFFFFB72785D3D5FD6AFA42.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906; Kovács 2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF8FFB42785D761FEE0FDEE.taxon	description	Figs 26, 32 A – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF8FFB42785D761FEE0FDEE.taxon	description	(Brocchi, 1814)]. Orania exacuta obtusocostata Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 401, pl. 5, figs. 11 – 14. C [oralliophila]. (O [rania].) exacuta obtusocostata (Sacco) — Sieber 1958: 147. Purpura (Sistrum) austriaca H. et Au. — Strausz 1954: 26, pl. 4, fig. 94. D [rupa]. (D [rupa].) austriaca (R. Hörn, et Au.) — Sieber 1958: 146. Thais (Stramonita) austriaca Hoernes & Auinger, 1884 — Strausz 1966: 283, pl. 35, figs. 4 – 5, 10 – 12. Orania cf. exacuta Bellardi, 1872 — Strausz 1966: 309, pl. 35, figs. 8 – 9.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF8FFB42785D761FEE0FDEE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: SL: 16 mm, MD: 8 mm, Grundna Dolna at Dembica (Ukraine); the holotype was stored in the Geological Survey of Austria (Vienna) but was destroyed during WWII. Lectotype (designated herein) of Purpura (Sistrum) austriaca Hoernes & Auinger, 1882: NHMW 1859 / 0045 / 0125, SL: 21.3 mm, MD: 10.9 mm, Niederleis (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1882: pl. 16, fig. 16), figs. 32 B 1 – B 3. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1866 / 001 / 0162, SL: 19.0 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Niederleis (Austria), figs. 32 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1855 / 0043 / 0024, SL: 21.8 mm, MD: 11.9 mm, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania), figs. 32 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0177, SL: 22.1 mm, MD: 12.7 mm, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania), figs. 32 D 1 – D 3. NHMW 1850 / 0002 / 0038, SL: 24.3 mm, MD: 14.1 mm, Grund (Austria), figs. 32 E 1 – E 3. NHMW 1851 / 0013 / 0027, SL: 16.7 mm, MD: 9.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1882: pl. 16, fig. 15). 7 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0654, Niederleis (Austria). Additional material. 16 spec., 1866 / 0040 / 0267, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania); 3 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0066, Steinebrunn (Austria). Revised description. Medium-sized, slender fusiform shell with high spire; apical angle ~ 50 – 57 °. Protoconch high conical of about 2.5 moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture distinctly incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with broad, steep, weakly concave subsutural ramp, sharply angled shoulder, slightly constricted below. Axial sculpture of nine weak axial ribs, fading over subsutural ramp, most prominent below shoulder. Spiral sculpture of broad indistinct subsutural cord, moderately prominent SP, adis, IP, abis with subequal secondary cords. P 1 very prominent with short, trigonal tubercles on axial ribs. Last whorl attaining ~ 66 – 70 % of total height; with broad subsutural collar, steep, concave subsutural ramp (with SP, adis, IP, abis weak), angled shoulder, weakly convex periphery, slowly contracting below. P 1 forming prominent tubercles; P 2 – P 4 very prominent, nodulose on axial ribs; s 1 – s 4 weak, adjoined by subequal tertiary thread on either side. P 5 (siphonal canal) weak, close-set. Fasciole strongly swollen, twisted, delimiting broad, shallow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture sub-rectangular, relatively narrow. Outer lip with blunt ID and prominent D 1 – D 4 (D 2 bifid) placed short distance behind peristome. Anal canal deeply incised, narrowly U-shaped. Siphonal canal moderately short, open, wide, slightly bent to the left. Columella straight, smooth, weakly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base, slightly erect at pseudoumbilicus, adherent in parietal area. Paratethyan synonyms. Purpura (Sistrum) austriaca Hoernes & Auinger, 1882 is a subjective junior synonym.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF8FFB42785D761FEE0FDEE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Claremontiella augustae (Boettger, 1902) is similar to Claremontiella pauli but differs in its much smaller size, higher spire, weaker tubercles and weaker secondary cords. A specimen from the Aquitanian of Meilhan (France), illustrated by Lozouet (2023: pl. 24, figs. 6 – 8) as ‘ Morula austriaca ’, differs from the Paratethyan species in its narrower primary and stronger secondary cords (s 1, s 2, s 3) and the large and simple denticles (D 1 to D 4) in the outer lip. Claremontiella pauli differs from the extant type species Claremontiella nodulosa in its weaker denticles and more prominent secondary cords. Claremontiella adiakritos Houart, Zuccon & Puillandre, 2019, from Mexico, differs in its higher spire and weaker denticles in the outer lip (D 1 to D 4 simple). Claremontiella consanguinea (Smith, 1890), from the eastern Atlantic, differs in its weaker tubercles [see the lectotype NHMUK 1889.10.1.2368 figured by Houart et al. 2019 (fig. 27 M – N); Houart & Swinnen 2023]. We were not able to find out in which month the paper by Hilber (1882) was published, but it seems that it appeared earlier than Hoernes & Auinger (1882). Therefore, Murex pauli Hilber, 1882 would have priority over Purpura (Sistrum) austriaca Hoernes & Auinger, 1882. However, this point will need clarification. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF8FFB42785D761FEE0FDEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Grundna Dolna at Dembica (Ukraine) (Hilber 1882). Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Niederleis (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882); Styrian Basin: Pöls (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Szob. Várpalota (Hungary), Cserhát Hills: Márkháza (Hungary) (Strausz 1966; Kovács et al. 2018; Kovács & Vicián 2024); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019). A comment on the occurrence of Morula in the Paratethys Several Paratethyan species have been placed by various authors in Morula Schumacher, 1817 [type species Morula papillosa Schumacher, 1817 [= Morula uva (Röding, 1798)]; present-day, Indo-West Pacific [e. g., Pollia augustae Boettger, 1902 in Harzhauser & Landau (2024), Purpura austriaca Hoernes & Auinger, 1882 and Pollia bellardii Hoernes & Auinger, 1890 in Kovács (2019) and Morula valdemari Bałuk, 2006 in Bałuk (2006)]. None of the records represent true Morula. Whilst Pollia augustae, Purpura austriaca [= Murex pauli Hilber, 1882] and Pollia bellardii are placed herein in the Ergalataxinae genus Claremontiella, ‘ Morula ” valdemari was transferred by Harzhauser et al. (2025) to Ocenebrinae. Another erroneous record of Morula from the Neogene of the Circum-Mediterranean Region is a specimen described by Brunetti (2018) from the Upper Pleistocene of Italy as Morula nodulosa (Adams, 1845) [= Claremontiella nodulosa (C. B. Adams, 1845)]. This specimen is not an Ergalataxinae but represents the Costellariidae Fedosovia multigranosa (Vera-Peláez, 2002) (note that Brunetti 2018: 316, described three columellar folds, which are not clearly visible in the illustration). Genus Muricodrupa Iredale, 1918	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF8FFB42785D761FEE0FDEE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Purpura fenestrata de Blainville, 1832; original designation by Iredale (1918: 38). Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFBFFBB2785D30DFE24FEE1.taxon	description	Figs 33, 34 A 1 – A 3	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFBFFBB2785D30DFE24FEE1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype designated by Zilch (1934: 255), SMF 373158 (old number: 12.2244 a, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt / Main, Germany, SL. 5.5 mm, MD: 3.6 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 16, fig. 95), figs. 34 A 1 – A 3. Revised description. Small, solid, stocky biconic shell; apical angle 60 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Suture weakly incised. Spire whorls with broad, straight-sided subsutural ramp, shoulder placed short distance above suture. Axial sculpture of eight prominent ribs separated by slightly wider interspaces. Subsutural ramp with four broad, close-set spiral cords (including SP, adis, IP and abis). P 1 swollen over ribs. P 2 and weak s 1 intercalated on second half penultimate whorl. Last whorl attaining 73 % of total height, with broad, steep subsutural ramp, marked shoulder angulation, conical below. Eight axial ribs, prominent over subsutural ramp, fading over base. Five spiral cords (SP, adis, IP, abis and a tertiary cord) of equal strength on subsutural ramp. P 1, P 2 and P 3 most prominent forming coarsely cancellate sculpture with axial ribs; P 4, P 5, P 6 slightly weaker; s 1 – s 5 weak. Fasciole weakly swollen, delimited by narrow groove. Aperture wide, pyriform. Outer lip thickened with three subequal rounded denticles (D 1 to D 3) placed some distance behind peristome. Anal canal wide, indistinct. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, open, slightly bent to the left. Columella weakly excavated, smooth, weakly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming narrow, adherent rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFBFFBB2785D30DFE24FEE1.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is based on a specimen showing juvenile characteristics such as a small size, the absence of D 4 and an anal canal that has not yet formed. Its sculpture displaying three prominent cords (P 1 to P 3) and its biconic shape are reminiscent of some extant West-African Coralliophilinae such as Coralliophila schiottei Smriglio & Mariottini, 2000 from Cameroon and C. raramaculata Kosuge & Fernandes, 1989 from Sâo Tomé. However, the presence of rounded denticles within the outer lip is not characteristic of the Coralliophilinae which bear smooth or lirate apertures. The shape of this specimen is also reminiscent of the extant Muricodrupa fenestrata (de Blainville, 1832), from the Indo-West Pacific Region, but its sculpture is not fenestrate, D 4 is missing, and the anal canal is not formed. For these reasons, we place this species provisionally and with doubt in Muricodrupa. The extant Muricodrupa anaxares (Kiener, 1836), from the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, differs in its narrower aperture and large blunt tubercles. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFBFFBB2785D30DFE24FEE1.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Boettger 1906). Genus Orania Pallary, 1900	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFFBFFBB2785D30DFE24FEE1.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex spadae Libassi, 1859 [= Orania fusulus (Brocchi, 1814)]; original designation by Pallary (1900: 285). Pleistocene, Italy.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF4FFB92785D03CFBE0FA3E.taxon	description	Figs 33, 35 A – H Fusus variabilis Jan. — Pusch 1837: 141, pl. 12, fig. 4 [non Fusus variabilis Lamarck, 1803 = Siphonaliopsis variabilis (Lamarck, 1803)]. [Murex] Barrandei Hörnes — Hörnes 1848: 18 [nomen nudum]. Raphitoma cheilotoma Partsch — Hörnes 1848: 21 [nomen nudum]. Fus [us]. variabilis Jan. — Eichwald 1853: 179. Murex intercisus Micht. — Hörnes 1853: 241, pl. 25, fig. 2 [non Murex intercisus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Murex flexicauda Bronn — Hörnes 1853: 241, pl. 25, figs. 8 a – c [non Murex flexicauda Bronn, 1831 = Orania turrita (Borson, 1821)]. * [Murex (Aplus) plicatus (L.) Brocc.] agapus De Greg. — De Gregorio 1885: 284 [nov. nom. pro Murex flexicauda sensu Hörnes 1853: pl. 25, fig. 8]. Pollia cheilotoma Partsch sp. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 234: pl. 30, figs. 1 – 2. Pollia Barrandei M. Hoern. sp. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 235, pl. 30, figs. 3 a – c. Pollia chilotoma [sic] (Ptsch.) — Boettger 1902: 33. Pollia barrandei (M. Hö.) — Boettger 1902: 33. Pollia chilotoma [sic] (Ptsch.) — Boettger 1906: 30. Pollia barrandei (M. Hö.) — Boettger 1906: 30. Pollia cheilotoma Partsch — Friedberg 1912: 182, pl. 11, figs. 20 – 21. Tritonidea cheilotoma Partsch — Friedberg 1938: 119. C [antharus]. (P [ollia]). cheilotomus (Partsch) — Sieber 1958: 151. C [antharus]. (P [ollia]). barrandei Hörn. — Sieber 1958: 151. Cantharus (Pollia) cheilotoma (Partsch in Hoernes und Auinger 1890) — Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 173, pl. 43, figs. 18 a – b. Coralliophila (Orania) barrandei Hörnes, sp. 1848 — Glibert 1963: 39. Cantharus (Pollia) cheilotomus Partsch (in Hörnes), (1848) 1856 — Strausz 1966: 308, pl. 35, figs. 2 – 3. Cantharus cheilotomus (Partsch in R. Hoernes und Auinger, 1879) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 191, pl. 45, figs. 18 – 19. [? Cantharus] barrandei Hörnes, 1848 — Vokes 1971: 22. Cantharus (Pollia) cheilotomus Partsch — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 28, pl. 11, figs. 14 – 16. Cantharus (Pollia) cheilotomus (Hörnes) — A. W. Janssen 1984: 231, pl. 61, figs. 7 – 8. Cantharus (Pollia) cheilotomus (Partsch in Hoernes, 1848) — Atanacković 1985: 149, pl. 33, figs. 7 – 10. Coralliophila (Orania) cheilotoma (Hörnes & Auinger) — Bałuk 1995: 232, pl. 37, figs. 5 – 6. Orania cheilotoma (Hörnes & Auinger, 1890) — Harzhauser 2002: 98, pl. 6, fig. 15. Orania cheilotoma (Hoernes & Auinger) — Landau et al. 2013: 156, pl. 23, figs. 5 – 6. Orania cheilotoma (Hoernes et Auinger, 1890) — Kovács et al. 2018: 126, figs. 8 K – N. Orania cheilotoma (Hoernes et Auinger, 1890) — Kovács 2019: 133. Orania fusulus (Brocchi, 1814) — Kovács 2019: 133, figs. 65 – 66 [non Orania fusulus (Brocchi, 1814)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF4FFB92785D03CFBE0FA3E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1949 / 0005 / 0017, SL: 15.2 mm, MD: 7.3 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig. 8) and Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 30, fig. 1), figs. 35 A 1 – A 2. Illustrated material. NHMW 1949 / 0005 / 0018, SL: 14.8 mm, MD: 8.6 mm, Niederleis (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 30, fig. 2), figs. 35 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1857 / 0014 / 0016, SL: 16.3 mm, MD: 8.4 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 35 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 1871 / 0011 / 0017, SL: 16.0 mm, MD: 7.7 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), figs. 35 D 1 – D 2. Lectotype of Pollia barrandei Hoernes & Auinger, 1890 (designated herein): NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0227, SL: 15.4 mm, MD: 8.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig. 2) and Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 30, fig. 3), figs. 35 E 1 – E 2. Paralectotypes of Pollia barrandei Hoernes & Auinger, 1890: NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0443, SL: 14.8, MD: 7.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 35 F 1 – F 2. NHMW 1859 / 0037 / 0025, SL: 15.2, MD: 7.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 35 G 1 – G 2. NHMW 1858 / 0043 / 0049, SL: 16.7, MD: 7.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Fig. 35 H. Additional material. 17 spec., 1855 / 0043 / 0036, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 92 spec. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0348, Steinebrunn (Austria); 93 spec., NHMW 1871 / 0010 / 0343, Steinebrunn, Gainfarn, Bad Vöslau, Niederleis and Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria). Revised description. Small, slender to stout fusiform shell; apical angle 52 – 66 °. Protoconch broad conical of three convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture deeply incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp, shoulder placed slightly below mid-whorl, weakly convex below. Axial sculpture of eight to ten broad ribs, fading over subsutural ramp. Spiral sculpture of broad, close-set P 1 and P 2 and weaker SP; s 1 intercalated on second whorl, rapidly becoming subequal in strength. Cords swollen over axial ribs. P 3, s 2 and s 3 appearing on last spire whorls. Last whorl attaining 61 – 65 % of total height, with moderately steep subsutural ramp displaying SP, adis and IP of equal strength), weak shoulder angulation, convex periphery, moderately constricted at base. Axial sculpture of up to nine broad, low axial ribs, prominent along periphery, fading over subsutural ramp and base. P 1 – P 6 of subequal strength, forming low, broad cords with slightly weaker s 1 – s 6; P 1 weakly tuberculate; P 5 marking transition to base; P 6 on siphonal canal. Crowded growth lines give surface finely scabrous appearance, especially over subsutural ramp. Fasciole weakly swollen delimiting narrow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Outer lip thickened with slightly elongate ID, D 1 – D 5; D 2 bifid. Anal canal well defined, accentuated by weak anal denticle. Siphonal canal short, moderately wide, open, slightly bent to the left, dorsally recurved, shallowly notched. Columellar callus forming broad, adherent rim. Columella moderately excavated in adapical part, weakly twisted, with faint columellar fold at transition to siphonal canal. Paratethyan synonyms. Pollia cheilotoma Hoernes & Auinger, 1890. The name Murex (Aplus) plicatus agapus De Gregorio, 1885 was overlooked by Hoernes & Auinger (1890) when establishing Pollia cheilotoma. By selecting specimen NHMW 1949 / 0005 / 0017 from Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 30, fig. 1) as lectotype, Pollia cheilotoma becomes an objective synonym of Murex (Aplus) plicatus agapus De Gregorio, 1885. Pollia barrandei Hoernes & Auinger, 1890 differs from Orania agapus in its more prominent spiral sculpture. Both morphologies co-occur at many localities and intermediate specimens are present. Therefore, we consider them to be conspecific and treat Pollia barrandei as subjective junior synonym of Orania agapus (De Gregorio, 1885) as already supposed by Landau et al. (2007: 51) and Landau et al. (2013: 156).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF4FFB92785D03CFBE0FA3E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. See Landau et al. (2013: 156). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic with sea grass (own data, M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF4FFB92785D03CFBE0FA3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Stetten (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Jasinów, Zborów (Zboriv), Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1912); Voronyaky Hills: Hołubica (Holubytsia), Podhorce (Pidhirtsi) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1912); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Niederleis, Pfaffstätten, Steinebrunn, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019); Dacian Basin: Urovene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF0FFBE2785D3B0FA5AFA12.taxon	description	Figs 33, 36 B 1 – B 3 * Ranella (?) hungarica nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1884: 191, pl. 24, fig. 4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF0FFBE2785D3B0FA5AFA12.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0103, SL: 6.4 mm, MD: 3.3 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 24, fig. 4), figs. 36 B 1 – B 3.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF0FFBE2785D3B0FA5AFA12.taxon	description	Description. Small, delicate, moderately slender fusiform shell with weakly gradate spire; apical angle ~ 57 °. Protoconch high conical of about three weakly convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Suture distinctly impressed, linear. Early teleoconch whorls with narrow, shallow subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, weakly convex to subcylindrical below. Axial sculpture of two main varices with weak adapically oriented tips and regularly cancellate sculpture of axial ribs and spiral cords of equal strength (P 1 to P 3). Last whorl (based on specimen illustrated in Kovács et al. 2018) attaining ~ 75 % of total heigh; elongate-ovate with convex subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, convex periphery, moderately constricted below. Sculpture of two prominent, opposed, narrow varices and one weaker additional varix. About 5 – 8 narrow axial ribs between varices, crossed by subequal P 1 – P 6, resulting in relatively delicate, regularly cancellate sculpture. Varices slightly flaring with weak adapically directed tips and distinct spiral cords. Fasciole weakly swollen; no pseudoumbilicus. Aperture narrowly ovate. Outer lip moderately thickened by terminal varix. Anal canal moderately incised, moderately wide. Siphonal canal open, moderately wide, slightly bent to the left. Columella straight, smooth. Columellar callus indistinct, poorly delimited from base.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF0FFBE2785D3B0FA5AFA12.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Although Hoernes & Auinger (1884) described this rare species, later authors confused it with Daphnellopsis tournoueri Lozouet, Ledon & Lesport, 1994, from the Langhian of the Loire Basin. Daphnellopsis hungarica has subquadratic cancellate sculpture, whereas in the French specimens the cancellate sculpture is elongated horizontally. In the French specimens the protoconch is pointed, paucispiral, composed of 1.5 whorls (Lozouet et al., 1994, fig. 3), whereas the Paratethyan species has a high conical protoconch of about three whorls differing considerably from the Atlantic species. A specimen from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin, described by Landau et al. (2013) as Daphnellopsis tournoueri is closer to D. hungarica than to the French species, although the cancellation is somewhat finer than that typical for D. hungarica. Already Landau et al. (2013) recognised considerable differences such as the larger size of the Turkish specimen (18.1 mm vs. 12.0 mm). In addition, it has a weakly coeloconoid spire, whereas Daphnellopsis tournoueri has a conical spire. Although, the Paratethyan specimens might be conspecific with those from the Karaman Basin, we note that they have fewer axial ribs between the varices on the last whorl (about eight ribs), see Glibert 1952: 309, pl. 7, fig. 7 [erroneously confused with Lindapterys alata (Millet, 1865)] and Lozouet et al. (1994: 46, text-fig. 3, pl. 2, figs. 12 – 15) for Daphnellopsis tournoueri. Daphnellopsis pseudophyllopterus (Michelotti, 1847) [= Daphnellopsis perfoliatus (Bellardi, 1873)], from the Burdigalian of Termô-Fôurà (Italy), differs in its prominent adapical tip of the varices and prominent denticles (see Bellardi 1873: pl. 5, fig. 7). Note that Murex perfoliatus Bonelli is a nomen nudum; the name was made available by Bellardi (1873: 74). The first available name for this species, however, is Murex pseudophylloterus Michelotti, 1847 (Michelotti 1847: 240) (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: 33). Paleoenvironment. Occurrences at Letkés (Hungary) point to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF0FFBE2785D3B0FA5AFA12.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1884).? Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Akpınar (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Genus Lindapterys Petuch, 1987	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF0FFBE2785D3B0FA5AFA12.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Lindapterys vokesae Petuch, 1987; original designation by Petuch (1987: 97). Burdigalian, Florida.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF1FFBD2785D751FE00FB8A.taxon	description	Figs 33, 36 A 1 – A 3 * Ranella Poppelacki Hörnes — Hörnes 1853: 215, pl. 21, figs. 12 a – d. Ranella (?) Poppelacki M. Hoern. — Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 190.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF1FFBD2785D751FE00FB8A.taxon	description	L [indapterys]. poppelacki (Hörnes, 1853) — Landau et al. 2019: 20. D [aphnellopsis]. poppelacki (Hörnes) — Kovács et al. 2018: 129.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF1FFBD2785D751FE00FB8A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: GBA 1856 / 004 / 0012, SL: 12.4 mm, MD: 6.4 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853, pl. 21, fig. 12), figs. 36 A 1 – A 3. Revised description. Small, delicate, somewhat dorso-ventrally compressed, with high, cyrtoconoid spire; apical angle 90 °, decreasing to 40 ° on later whorls. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture distinctly incised. Early teleoconch whorls low, with narrow subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, and subcylindrical periphery. Later spire whorl rapidly increasing in height, weakly convex. Axial sculpture of 14 prominent, rounded trigonal ribs separated by slightly narrower interspaces. Spiral sculpture of numerous delicate spiral cords including P 1 – P 3 and indistinguishable secondary cords and threads. Two narrow, wing-like varices appear on third teleoconch whorl; tip of wing oriented in apical direction. Last whorl attaining 73 % of total height; narrow, shallow subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, moderately convex periphery, strongly constricted below. About 15 weak axial ribs and two prominent varices overrun by numerous, crowded, delicate spiral cords including P 1 to P 6 (convex part of whorl), ADP, MP (on siphonal canal) and undistinguishable secondary cords and threads. Fasciole swollen, with prominent growth increments, delimiting narrow groove. Aperture ovate, moderately wide; outer lip strongly thickened by terminal varix, with faint D 1 and D 2, smooth below. Anal canal deeply notched, extending into and distorting adapical tip of varix. Siphonal canal moderately long, open, narrow, straight. Columella strongly excavated, smooth. Columellar callus forming broad rim, erect at siphonal canal, adherent and poorly delimited above.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF1FFBD2785D751FE00FB8A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Lindapterys Petuch, 1987 is a mainly Western Atlantic genus with Neogene occurrences in the northeastern Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea. Lindapterys poppelacki is the only record in the Paratethys Sea. The Neogene European representatives of Lindapterys were reviewed by Lozouet et al. (1994); an additional species was described by Goret et al. (2013). Lindapterys cf. poppelacki sensu Lozouet et al. (1994: pl. 1, figs. 4 – 8), from the Early Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin, differs from the Paratethyan species in its prominent axial ribs and the well-developed D 3 – D 5. Lindapterys alata (Millet, 1865), from the Tortonian of the Loire Basin, differs in its cancellate sculpture (see Lozouet et al. 1994: pl. 1, figs. 11 – 16). Lindapterys cervantesorum Goret, Ledon & Pons, 2013, from the Pliocene of Spain, differs from Lindapterys poppelacki in its subobsolete spiral sculpture, weakly constricted last whorls and much narrower anal canal. The extant Lindapterys soderiae Callea, Volpi, Martignoni & Borri, 2001 from Somalia differs in its delicate axial sculpture and wider wings. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic in vicinity of seagrass (own data, M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF1FFBD2785D751FE00FB8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF2FFBD2785D5A9FCD1FA6A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex neritoideus Gmelin, 1791 [= Coralliophila violacea (Kiener, 1836)]; subsequent designation by Cossmann (1903: 83), Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF2FFC22785D489FC24FF0E.taxon	description	Figs 37, 38 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF2FFC22785D489FC24FF0E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1856 / 0050 / 0456, SL: 17.9 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 38 A 1 – A 3. Paratypes: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0208 a, SL: 16.3 mm, MD: 9.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 27, fig. 8), figs. 38 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1874 / 0025 / 0064, SL: 15.5 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 27, fig. 7), figs. 38 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1856 / 0050 / 0456, SL: 15.9 mm, MD: 10.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 38 D 1 – D 3. Additional material. 8 spec., NHMW 1876 / 0011 / 0078, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 6 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0015 / 0148, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF2FFC22785D489FC24FF0E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. acutus, Latin for acute, referring to the pointed spire.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF2FFC22785D489FC24FF0E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, biconic shell with high, coeloconoid spire with allometrically widening subsutural ramp on last whorl, angled shoulder, delicate sculpture of subequal primary (IP, P 5, P 6, ADP, MP, ABP and EAB 1 and secondary spiral cords (adis, abis, s 1 – s 6, ads) with slightly more prominent P 1, P 2, P 3, P 4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF2FFC22785D489FC24FF0E.taxon	description	Description. Small, biconic shell with high, coeloconoid spire; apical angle ~ 51 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of at least five whorls. Suture moderately incised, linear to shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls high, with steep, broad, straight sided to weakly concave subsutural ramp, angled shoulder placed short distance above suture, weakly incised below. Axial sculpture of 11 broad, rounded ribs overrun by numerous close-set spiral cords adis, IP, adis and tertiary threads; P 1 along shoulder prominent, P 2 close to anterior suture line. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height; slightly allometrically widening with broad, weakly convex, shallower subsutural ramp, rounded angulation at periphery, rapidly contracting below. About 11 broad axial ribs most prominent along periphery; in axial view aligned, winding around in anticlockwise direction. Subsutural ramp with about nine, close-set, weakly scabrose cords with only slightly more prominent adis, IP and abis. Dense spiral sculpture of subequal primary (P 5, P 6, ADP, MP, ABP and EAB 1 and secondary cords (s 1 to s 6 and ads); P 1, P 2, P 3 and P 4 slightly more prominent; P 6 corresponding to the boundary between the convex part of whorl and siphonal canal. Fasciole narrow, raised, delimiting broad, moderately deep pseudoumbilicus. Aperture moderately wide, pyriform; outer lip not thickened, smooth within. Anal canal wide, indistinct; siphonal canal moderately long, open, wide, straight. Columella straight, smooth. Columellar callus forming broad, sharply delimited rim, erect at siphonal canal.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF2FFC22785D489FC24FF0E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Coralliophila acuta sp. nov. is slightly variable concerning the width of the last whorl, ranging from relatively slender shells to comparatively inflated, and the development of primary cords P 2 and P 3, which can be prominent or not. Csepreghy-Meznerics (1954) identified this Paratethyan species as Coralliophila uniformicostulata Sacco, 1904, from the Early or Middle Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy). Both are closely related, but C. uniformicostulata differs from C. acuta sp. nov. in its coarser spiral sculpture and the more prominent P 3, P 4, ADP and MP. Sacco (1904: 75, pl. 17, figs. 24, 25) illustrated two specimens which are surely not conspecific. Herein we designate specimen fig. 24 as lectotype of Coralliophila uniformicostulata Sacco, 1904. The specimen illustrated by Sacco (1904) as fig. 25 differs in its broader spire and convex last whorl. No exact locality data is available for fig. 24 (‘ Colli Torinesi’) whereas the specimen illustrated on fig 25 comes from Bersano (Italy). Coralliophila burdigalensis Tournouër, 1874, from the Early Miocene of France, is also morphologically similar to C. acuta and Kovács (2019) identified Paratethyan specimens as this Burdigalian species. However, they differ in the more convex spire whorls, deeper incised suture and more convex last whorl of C. burdigalensis. In addition, in C. burdigalensis the primary spirals are subequal, and P 1, P 3, P 4 are not usually markedly stronger (see Lozouet & Renard 1998: 173, figs. 2 / 1 – 10; Lozouet et al. 2001: 60, pl. 25, figs. 1 – 10). Paleoenvironment. Unknown, probably shallow marine.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFFF2FFC22785D489FC24FF0E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Cserhát Hills: Letkés, Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Strausz 1966; Kovács et al. 2018); Mecsek Mountains: Mecsekpölöske (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019; hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8DFFC02785D02DFC30FE7E.taxon	description	Figs 37, 39 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8DFFC02785D02DFC30FE7E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2024 / 0163 / 0001 (A 1442), SL: 20.9 mm, MD: 15.3 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes 1853: 273, pl. 28, fig. 10, figs. 39 A 1 – A 3. Paratypes: NHMW 2024 / 0163 / 0002, SL: 19.0 mm, MD: 14.8 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), pl. 28, fig. 10, figs. 39 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0265 a, SL: 26.4 mm, MD: 17.6 mm, Baden (Austria), figs. 39 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0265 b, SL: 21.3 mm, MD: 14.6 mm, Baden (Austria), figs. 39 D 1 – D 3. NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0265 c, SL: 20.9 mm, MD: 14.4 mm, Baden (Austria) Additional material. 2 spec., NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0266, Baden (Austria); 1 spec., 2010 / 0040 / 0766, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 3 spec., 2010 / 0040 / 0765, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 3 spec., 2010 / 0040 / 0767, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 1 spec., 1971 / 1477 / 0005, Gainfarn (Austria); Type locality. Baden (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8DFFC02785D02DFC30FE7E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the city of Baden (Lower Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8DFFC02785D02DFC30FE7E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, pyriform shell with low conical spire and globose, strongly constricted last whorl with delicate sculpture of subequal primary and secondary cords with delicate tertiary thread in interspaces; P 1 placed short distance above anterior suture; aperture wide with long, wide and open siphonal canal.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8DFFC02785D02DFC30FE7E.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, pyriform shell with low conical spire; apical angle ~ 80 – 86 °. Protoconch worn, high conical, with moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to 3.5 whorls. Suture weakly impressed, very shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with broad, straight-sided subsutural ramp and rounded shoulder marked by P 1 placed short distance above anterior suture. Axial sculpture of 11 broad, low ribs, weakening over subsutural ramp. Axial ribs overrun by prominent, narrow scabrose adis, IP and abis with slightly weaker tertiary cords. P 1 and P 2 prominent, close set. Last whorl attaining ~ 81 – 85 % of total height; with weakly convex subsutural ramp, convex periphery, strongly constricted below. Axial sculpture of about 11 weak, broad axial ribs being moderately prominent on subsutural ramp, fading on periphery, subobsolete on base. Spiral sculpture delicate of subequal adis, IP, abis, P 1 – P 6, s 1 – s 6, ADP, MP, ABP, EAB 1, EAB 2 and delicate tertiary thread in interspaces; all cords faintly scabrose. Fasciole narrow, moderately swollen, delimiting moderately narrow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture very wide, pyriform; outer lip thin, smooth. Anal canal wide, indistinct; siphonal canal long, wide, open, slightly bent to the left. Columella broadly excavated, smooth, weakly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus indistinct, poorly delimited from base, slightly erect at siphonal canal, adherent at parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8DFFC02785D02DFC30FE7E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Coralliophila badensis sp. nov. is characterized by its very low spire and inflated non-shouldered last whorl with narrow base, and much finer sculpture than usual for the genus, with primary and secondary cords of subequal strength. Coralliophila badensis is reminiscent of some morphotypes of the Pliocene to extant Mediterranean Coralliophila sofiae (Aradas & Benoit, 1876) (e. g., Brunetti 2004: fig. 20), which differs in its much stronger axial ribs, coarser primary cords and higher spire. Coralliophila badensis was identified by Hörnes (1853) as Coralliophila granifera (Michelotti, 1847) from the Early or Middle Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy). This view was followed by subsequent authors. However, C. granifera [= Coralliophila varicolonga Sacco, 1904] differs in its much higher and slenderer spire and the broader, shallower subsutural ramp (see Michelotti 1847: 266, pl. 17, fig. 6; Bellardi 1882: 196, pl. 12, figs. 7 – 8) [Sacco (1904) introduced Coralliophila granifera varicolonga as name for the specimen illustrated by Bellardi (1882) as var. A. The drawing, which shows a deformation on the last whorl, suggests that this specimen is identical to the specimen illustrated in Michelotti (1847: pl. 17, fig. 6). Therefore, Coralliophila granifera varicolonga is an objective synonym of Coralliophila granifera]. Coralliophila inflatissima Sacco, 1904, from the Early or Middle Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy) and introduced as name for the specimen illustrated by Bellardi (1882) as var. B. differs in its coarser spiral sculpture, broader, more prominent axial ribs and the adapically widening aperture (Bellardi 1882: 196, pl. 12, fig. 6). Coralliophila costata Bellardi, 1882, from the Early and Middle Miocene of Termô-Fôurà and Sciolze (Italy), is similar to C. badensis in general shape, but differs in its prominent, fold-like axial ribs and the deep pseudoumbilicus (see Bellardi, 1882 pl. 12, fig. 11). Coralliophila angusta Bellardi, 1882, from the Middle Miocene of the Villa Forzano (Italy), differs in its higher spire and less globose last whorl (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 33, fig. 6). Coralliophila brevispira Bellardi, 1882, from the Early and Middle Miocene of Termô-Fôurà and Rio della Batteria (Italy), develops a similar spire but has a narrowly conical base (see Bellardi, 1882: pl. 12, fig. 9). Specimens from the Early / Middle Miocene of the North Sea Basin, identified as Coralliophila granifera by van Voorthuysen (1944: pl. 6, figs. 12 – 13, 18) and Stein et al. (2016: pl. 40, fig. 4) differ from the Paratethyan species in their slightly angled periphery with prominent spiral cord and the less constricted base. Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggests middle to outer neritic environments in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8DFFC02785D02DFC30FE7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn (Austria) (hoc opus); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8FFFC02785D0BDFCAEF8A1.taxon	description	Figs 37, 40 A 1 – A 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8FFFC02785D0BDFCAEF8A1.taxon	description	C [oralliophila]. biconica Boettger — Kovács 2020: 459.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8FFFC02785D0BDFCAEF8A1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype SFM 366520 (12 - 2249 a), SL: 10.2 mm, MD: 6.3 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 15, fig. 83), figs. 40 A 1 – A 2. Revised description. Small, broadly biconic shell; apical angle 75 °. Protoconch low conical, of 1.5 convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Suture distinctly incised, narrow. First teleoconch whorl with strong shoulder. Later whorls with broad, straight-sided subsutural ramp and markedly angled shoulder placed just above suture. Axial sculpture of nine drop-shaped axial ribs, fading adapically. Spiral sculpture of close-set, scabrose adis, IP, abis and two subequal tertiary cords. P 1 keel-like, very prominent along shoulder and placed above adapical suture. Last whorl attaining 80 % of total height with steep, straight-sided subsutural ramp, sharply angled shoulder, regularly conical below. Axial sculpture of eight weak, fold-like ribs. Seven subequal, scabrose spiral cords on subsutural ramp including adis, IP, abis; P 1 very prominent, keel-like; P 1 – P 6, ADP and s 1 – s 5 scabrose, rounded spiral cords of subequal strength to primaries; P 6 on siphonal canal; MP, ABP and EAB 1 slightly more prominent. Weakly scabrose growth lines in interspaces. Fasciole very weakly swollen. Aperture moderately wide. Columella forming narrow, adherent rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal weakly incised. Outer lip thin, smooth. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, open, shallowly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8FFFC02785D0BDFCAEF8A1.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is most similar to the Late Miocene to Pliocene Mediterranean Coralliophila turbiniformis (Mayer, 1874) in its biconic profile and strongly keeled shoulder, but that species is about twice the size, broader, squatter, lower spired, the difference between the strength of the primary and secondary cords is greater, P 2 can be more prominent and the siphonal fasciole is more strongly developed (see Landau et al. 2007: pl. 15, figs. 6, 7). Coralliophila hoplites sp. nov. is similar in profile but is stockier, on the spire whorls P 1 is mostly covered by the suture on the penultimate whorl, so that spire whorls are not shouldered, P 1 – P 6 are broader, without secondaries intercalated from P 1 to P 5, and the siphonal canal is shorter. Among extant species, Coralliophila elvirae d’Attilio & Emerson, 1980, from the Indo-West Pacific Region, is somewhat reminiscent of C. biconica Boettger, 1906 in general shape but has a rounded shoulder and displays more numerous secondary cords. Coralliophila alboangulata (Smith, 1890), from the eastern Atlantic, has a comparable keel-like angulation and biconic shape but differs in its squatter shape and the much coarser spiral sculpture, lacking secondary cords. Similarly, Coralliophila raramaculata Kosuge & Fernandes, 1989, from São Tomé Island, develops broader, more prominent spiral cords (particularly P 4, P 5, ADP and MP). Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8FFFC02785D0BDFCAEF8A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (Toth 1948); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF88FFC62785D48AFEDEFBAE.taxon	description	Figs 37, 40 C 1 – C 3	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF88FFC62785D48AFEDEFBAE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1857 / 0024 / 0024, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 12.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 27, fig. 6), figs. 40 C 1 – C 3. Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF88FFC62785D48AFEDEFBAE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. elegantulus, Latin for elegant.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF88FFC62785D48AFEDEFBAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, biconic shell with moderately high, conical spire; last whorl strongly inflated mid-whorl and strongly constricted at base; spiral sculpture of faintly scabrose, subequal primary and secondary cords from adis to EAB 1.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF88FFC62785D48AFEDEFBAE.taxon	description	Description. Small, biconic shell with moderately high spire; apical angle 61 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to six whorls. Suture moderately incised, shallowly undulating. First three teleoconch whorls with broad, straight-sided subsutural ramp, angled shoulder placed short distance above suture, slightly incised below. Nine weak axial ribs overrun by five close-set spiral cords on subsutural ramp (including adis, IP, abis and tertiary cords); from first to third whorl P 1 and P 2 more prominent. Later whorls with weakly convex subsutural ramp with six weakly scabrose cords (including adis, IP and adis); rounded shoulder (marked by P 1) and abaxially s 1, P 2, s 2 and P 3. Last whorl attaining about 75 % of total height, with weakly convex subsutural ramp, strongly inflated and rounded mid-whorl, strongly constricted below. Axial sculpture of seven broad, rounded axial ribs, fading over base. Spiral sculpture of narrow, faintly scabrose, subequal primary (P 1 to P 6 on convex part of whorl and ADP, MP, ABP, EAB 1 on siphonal canal) and secondary cords (s 1 to s 6, ads and ms). Fasciole weakly developed, delimiting broad, shallow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture pyriform; outer lip thin, smooth within. Anal canal indistinct; siphonal canal long, open, wide, straight. Columella straight, smooth, weakly angled at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming narrow, sharply delimited rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF88FFC62785D48AFEDEFBAE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its last whorl that is strongly but narrowly inflated mid-whorl and strongly constricted at the base, its delicate spiral sculpture consists of subequal primary and secondary cords, and weak fasciole. It is reminiscent of Coralliophila acuta sp. nov. but differs in its larger size, convex subsutural ramp, rounded and swollen periphery and more delicate and more uniform spiral sculpture, consisting of a greater number of cords. Moreover, C. acuta bears more prominent P 1, P 2, P 4 that are distinct from the secondary cord. Hoernes & Auinger (1885) confused Coralliophila elegantula sp. nov. with Coralliophila alternata (Bellardi, 1873), from the Tortonian of Stazzano (Italy), which differs in its angled shoulder and lower spire (Bellardi 1873: pl. 8, fig. 8). Coralliophila fusiformis Bellardi, 1882, from the Early and Middle Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), is reminiscent of C. elegantula in general shape but differs in its narrower spire, more numerous axial ribs and coarse spiral sculpture (see Bellardi 1882: pl. 12, fig. 13). Coralliophila granifera (Michelotti, 1847) differs in its more evenly inflated last whorl (Bellardi 1882: pl. 12, figs. 7 – 8). Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF88FFC62785D48AFEDEFBAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF89FFC52785D5CDFCC2FE92.taxon	description	Figs 37, 40 D 1 – D 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF89FFC52785D5CDFCC2FE92.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Z. Pal. U. W. BkK-G 716, SL: 11.5 mm, MD: 7.8 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk 1995: pl. 38, fig. 6; figs. 40 D 1 – D 2. Additional material. M. 60.6994 A, SL 4.8 mm, MD: 3.5 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) Revised description. Small biconic shell with pointed protoconch and low, coeloconoid spire; apical angle ~ 90 °. Mamillate, high conical protoconch of three angled whorls. Teleoconch of 2.5 whorls. Suture deeply incised, linear. Axial sculpture of first teleoconch whorl of ten weak ribs overrun by close-set IP, adis (appearing at end of first whorl) and prominent P 1, swollen over axial ribs. Last whorl attaining 88 % of total height; with straight-sided subsutural ramp, sharply angled shoulder, slowly contracting below. Axial sculpture subobsolete. Spiral sculpture of prominent close-set, rounded adis, IP, prominent abis, keel-like, rounded P 1 at shoulder; P 3, P 6 prominent, rounded, P 2, P 4, P 5 weak; s 1, s 2, s 3, s 4, s 5, ADP weak, MP, ABP prominent, EAB 1 weak. Fasciole swollen, delimiting narrow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture elongate ovate, almost entire length of last whorl; outer lip smooth. Anal canal indistinct, wide; siphonal canal moderately long, open, wide. Columella straight, weakly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus indistinct, poorly delimited from base.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF89FFC52785D5CDFCC2FE92.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was placed by Bałuk (1995) with a question mark into Magilus de Montfort, 1810 [type species Magilus antiquus Montfort, 1810; present-day, Indo-West Pacific]. This placement is surely incorrect, because Magilus species have naticoid early whorls. Kovács (2019, figs. 75 – 76) documented a juvenile specimen, which he interpreted as juvenile specimen of Coralliophila burdigalensis Tournouër, 1874, from the Early Miocene of France. Juvenile specimens of Coralliophila burdigalensis, however, differ distinctly in their fusiform shape, high whorls and prominent axial ribs (see Lozouet & Renard 1998: figs. 2 / 2 – 3). Coralliophila hoplites sp. nov. differs in its excavated columella, narrower pseudoumbilicus, the shorter base and the more biconic shape. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF89FFC52785D5CDFCC2FE92.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8AFFC42785D4DAFBE9FCCE.taxon	description	Figs 37, 40 B 1 – B 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8AFFC42785D4DAFBE9FCCE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype SFM 366521 (= 12 - 2249 a), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), SL: 12.5 mm, MD: 6.4 mm, illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 15, fig. 82), figs. 40 B 1 – B 2. Revised description. Small, slender biconic shell with scalate spire; apical angle 68 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture moderately incised. Early teleoconch whorls with broad, steep subsutural ramp and marked angulation placed short distance above suture. Axial sculpture of eight slightly prosocline ribs with slightly wider interspaces, fading adapically. Spiral sculpture of moderately prominent adis, IP and abis with weaker secondary cords; P 1 – P 3 prominent. Later whorls allometrically increasing in height; angled periphery moving to mid-whorl. Last whorl attaining 70 % of total height, with steep, straight-sided subsutural ramp, roundly angled shoulder, conical below. Axial sculpture subobsolete with about eight fold-like varices. Spiral sculpture of indistinct, scabrose subsutural cord, prominent adis, IP, abis and tertiary cord in interspaces. On convex part of whorl and siphonal canal, P 1 – P 4, ADP prominent; P 5, P 6, s 3, ads, MP weaker, of subequal strength. Fasciole weakly swollen, delimiting broad pseudoumbilicus. Aperture elongate, ovate; outer lip thin, smooth. Anal canal subobsolete, wide. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, open, straight. Columella weakly excavated, smooth. Columellar callus forming narrow, adherent rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8AFFC42785D4DAFBE9FCCE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The morphology of the early spire is like that of Coralliophila elegantula sp. nov. and Coralliophila acuta sp. nov. However, both species differ from Coralliophila gracilispira Boettger, 1906 in their broader shells and finer spiral sculpture. A specimen from Korytnica (Poland), described by Bałuk (2006), in open nomenclature is a pathological specimen of C. gracilispira with decollate last whorls. Coralliophila longa Bellardi, 1882, from the Lower Miocene of the Colli Torinesi is less elongate and its shoulder is more rounded (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 34, fig. 2). Paleoenvironment. Occurrences at Letkés (Hungary) point to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8AFFC42785D4DAFBE9FCCE.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Mecsek Mountains: Mecsekpölöske (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8BFFCB2785D2EDFE34F934.taxon	description	Figs 37, 42 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8BFFCB2785D2EDFE34F934.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1856 / 0007 / 0035 b, SL: 19.5 mm, MD: 13.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 27, fig. 10), figs. 42 A 1 – A 3. Paralectotype: NHMW 1856 / 0007 / 0035 a, SL: 14.3 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 27, fig. 9), figs. 42 B 1 – B 3. Revised description. Medium-sized, broadly fusiform shell, apical angle ~ 65 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture moderately incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with moderately steep, straight-sided subsutural ramp, angled shoulder, weakly incised below. Axial sculpture of ten broad axial ribs, persisting over subsutural ramp. Spiral sculpture of adis, IP, abis and tertiary cords of equal strength, separated by narrow interspaces. P 1 along shoulder slightly more prominent; P 2 slightly weaker; s 1, s 2 slightly weaker still. Last whorl attaining ~ 75 %; ovate, with convex subsutural ramp, convex periphery, moderately constricted below. About eight broad axial ribs most prominent along periphery. Subsutural ramp with adis, IP, abis, intercalated by subequal tertiary cord. P 1 slightly more prominent, P 2, P 4, P 6 weak, P 3, P 5 forming two prominent, rounded, raised cords, P 6 delimiting base; secondary cords (s 1 – s 6, ads, ms) and ADP, MP, ABP of subequal strength; ABP weak all cords faintly scabrose. Fasciole moderately swollen, delimiting broad, deep pseudoumbilicus. Aperture wide, ovate; outer lip thin, weakly crenulate, smooth within. Anal canal indistinct, wide. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, open, slightly bent to the left. Columella broadly excavated, smooth, slightly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming narrow rim, erect at siphonal canal, thin, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8BFFCB2785D2EDFE34F934.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its convex periphery and strongly raised P 3 and P 5. There is no comparable species in the European Neogene but the extant Coralliophila erosa (Röding, 1798), from the Indo-West Pacific, is a morphologically very similar concerning sculpture with prominent P 3 and P 5 and comparable outline and apertural features. It differs from Coralliophila hochstetteri (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) in its broader and more biconic shell. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF8BFFCB2785D2EDFE34F934.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1902).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF84FFCA2785D672FE40FB1E.taxon	description	Figs 37, 42 C 1 – C 3	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF84FFCA2785D672FE40FB1E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1871 / 0010 / 0041, SL: 11.2 mm, MD: 7.6 mm, Porzteich (Czech Republic), figs. 42 C 1 – C 3. Type locality. Porzteich (Czech Republic), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF84FFCA2785D672FE40FB1E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. hoplites, Ancient Greek for hoplite, an armored soldier, as noun in apposition.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF84FFCA2785D672FE40FB1E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, stocky biconic shell with keeled periphery, indistinct suture, weak axial sculpture overrun by prominent, scabrose subequal primary cords (P 1 to MP). P 1 placed above anterior suture.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF84FFCA2785D672FE40FB1E.taxon	description	Description. Small, stocky biconic shell; apical angle 61 °. Protoconch high conical of about three convex whorls with two spiral cords below mid-whorl. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Suture indistinct, linear. First teleoconch whorl weakly convex with indistinct axial ribs overrun by two prominent, rounded, scabrose primary cords (IP and P 1); subsutural ramp of second and third whorls nearly straight sided, lacking axial ribs, with three close-set cords (adis, IP, abis). Last whorl attaining 80 % of total height, with broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp, keeled periphery, conical below. About ten indistinct axial ribs mainly developed along shoulder and slightly below. Subsutural ramp with prominent adis, IP, abis and five adapical threads; P 1 very prominent, broad, strongly scabrose; P 2 – P 6, ADP, MP of subequal strength, scabrose, slightly irregular, separated by narrow interspaces; weak secondary cords s 4, s 5, s 6, ads. Fasciole weakly swollen; no pseudoumbilicus. Aperture ovate; outer lip weakly crenulate with weak incisions at P 1 and P 2. Anal canal indistinct; siphonal canal moderately long, open, wide, bent to the left. Columella broadly excavated, smooth, slightly angled at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, thin, adherent rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF84FFCA2785D672FE40FB1E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The Paratethyan Coralliophila biconica Boettger, 1906 is reminiscent of Coralliophila hoplites sp. nov. in sculpture and general shape but is slenderer and differs in its incised suture with P 1 forming the periphery of the spire whorls, the higher and narrower base and the longer siphonal canal. In addition, s 2 and s 3 are present whilst C. hoplites lacks these cords. Three species occur in the Mediterranean Pliocene, which are morphologically close to C. hoplites. Coralliophila turbiniformis (Mayer, 1874) differs in its much larger size, high, scalate spire and prominent axial ribs (see Mayer 1874: pl. 11, fig. 10) and P 2 can be more prominent (see Landau et al. 2007: pl. 15, fig. 7). Coralliophila miopercarinatus (Sacco, 1904) differs in its higher spire, incised suture and differentiated primary and secondary cords and Coralliophila bononiensis (Foresti, 1882) differs in its even broader shell, deeper pseudoumbilicus and differentiated primary and secondary cords (see Foresti 1882: 409: pl. 1, figs. 2 – 3). These three species have been synonymized as C. turbiniformis by Brunetti (2004), but we tentatively treat these taxa as separate species. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF84FFCA2785D672FE40FB1E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Porzteich at Břeclav (Czech Republic) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF85FFC92785D45DFE08FC3E.taxon	description	Figs 41, 42 D 1 – D 3	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF85FFC92785D45DFE08FC3E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1858 / 0043 / 0047, SL: 39.3 mm, MD: 26.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 27, fig. 4), figs. 42 D 1 – D 3. Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF85FFC92785D45DFE08FC3E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. mega, Ancient Greek for large; globosa, Latin for globose.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF85FFC92785D45DFE08FC3E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Large, robust, globose shell with inflated, convex last whorl, delicate sculpture of subequal, narrow primary (IP, P 1 – P 6, ADP, MP, ABP, EAB 1) and secondary cords (adis, abis, s 1 – s 6, ads, ms) and slightly recessed tertiary threads.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF85FFC92785D45DFE08FC3E.taxon	description	Description. Large, robust, globose shell; apical angle 70 °. Protoconch and transition into teleoconch worn; protoconch broad conical of about two convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to 4.5 whorls. Suture moderately incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with weakly convex subsutural ramp and rounded mid-whorl angulation. Axial sculpture of ten low, broad ribs, slightly weakening over subsutural ramp. Spiral sculpture of adis, IP, abis, P 1, s 1, P 2, s 2 of sub-equal strength, P 1 along shoulder only slightly more prominent. Axial ribs decreasing in strength and number on last two whorls. Last whorl attaining 77 % of total height, inflated, globose, with about three broad axial ribs in first quarter, axial sculpture reduced to indistinct broad folds on later part of last whorl. Spiral sculpture of regular, delicate pattern formed by weak IP, P 1 – P 6, ADP, MP, ABP and EAB 1 with only slightly weaker adis, abis, s 1 – s 3 each adjoined by single weaker tertiary thread on either side, and abapically s 4, s 5, s 6, ads and ms. Close-set growth lines forming weakly scabrose sculpture in spiral interspaces. Broad, strongly swollen fasciole, delimiting moderately wide pseudoumbilicus. Aperture wide, ovate. Outer lip not thickened, smooth. Anal canal very wide, indistinct; siphonal canal moderately long, wide, open, straight, slightly dorsally recurved. Columella straight, smooth. Columellar callus forming broad, thin, adherent rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF85FFC92785D45DFE08FC3E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Coralliophila megaglobosa sp. nov. is reminiscent of some extant species with globose outline, such as Coralliophila latilirata (Rehder, 1985) from Polynesia, C. hotei (Kosuge in Kosuge & Suzuki, 1985) from Japan and C. cancellarioidea Oliverio, 2008 from New Caledonia. The Paratethyan species was confused by Hoernes & Auinger (1885) with Ocinebrina imbricata (Brocchi, 1814) but differs from that Pliocene Mediterranean species distinctly in its globose shape and delicate spiral sculpture [see Pinna & Spezia 1978: pl. 35, fig. 2 for the lectotype of Ocinebrina imbricata (Brocchi, 1814)]. Coralliophila megaglobosa is reminiscent of Coralliophila badensis sp. nov. with a delicate spiral sculpture of regular weak primary and secondary cords. However, it differs from C. badensis in its much larger size, higher spire, and more regularly globose last whorl. On the spire, the spiral sculpture of C. megaglobosa displays P 1, s 1, P 2, s 2 of sub-equal strength with P 1 along shoulder only slightly more prominent whilst that of C. badensis displays P 1 and P 2 more prominent, more close set and P 1 placed at a shorter distance above anterior suture. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF85FFC92785D45DFE08FC3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF86FFC82785D57DFD8AFC91.taxon	description	Figs 41, 43 A – B * Murex (Trophon) ruditzensis nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 214, pl. 24, fig. 17. [? Coralliophila] ruditzensis Hörnes & Auinger, 1885 — Vokes 1971: 93.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF86FFC82785D57DFD8AFC91.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1862 / 0019 / 0032 a, SL: 17.2 mm, MD: 12.5 mm, Rudice (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885, pl. 24, fig. 17), figs. 43 A 1 – A 3. Paralectotype: NHMW 1862 / 0019 / 0032 b, SL: 13.3 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Rudice (Czech Republic), figs. 43 B 1 – B 3. Revised description. Small, stocky, biconic shell; apical angle ~ 45 °. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. Last two spire whorls with very steep, straight-sided subsutural ramp, and angled shoulder placed close above deeply incised suture; spiral sculpture of adis, IP, abis, P 1, s 1; IP, abis prominent, adis weaker; P 1 forming most prominent cord along shoulder. Axial sculpture of eight narrow, slightly lamellose varices separated by wide, flattish interspaces. Last whorl allometrically widening with convex subsutural ramp, moderately angled shoulder, weakly convex periphery, rapidly contracting below. Eight narrow, prominent, lamellose varices overrun by prominent, widely spaced, rounded primary cords. On subsutural ramp spiral sculpture similar to penultimate whorl; on convex part of whorl P 1 most prominent, P 2 – P 5 prominent of subequal strength, P 6 weaker; ADP, MP, ABP forming prominent, close-set cords; s 1, s 5, ms weak. Fasciole strongly swollen, twisted, delimiting broad, deep pseudoumbilicus. Aperture wide, subcircular. Outer lip broken, smooth within. Anal canal very wide, indistinct. Siphonal canal moderately short, open, moderately narrow, slightly bent to the right. Columella excavated, smooth, twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, thick rim, erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF86FFC82785D57DFD8AFC91.taxon	discussion	Discussion. A very peculiar species with wide-spaced lamellose varices. We are not aware of similar species in the Neogene of the Circum-Mediterranean Region but note that the extant Mediterranean Coralliophila richardi (Fischer, 1882) is similar, differing mainly in its lower spire, shorter subsutural ramp and weaker secondary spiral cords. Both species seem to be closely related. Paleoenvironment. Probably middle to outer neritic based on co-occurring assemblage (own data M. H.). Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Carpathian Foreland Basin: Rudice (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF87FFCF2785D2D0FC99F9EF.taxon	description	Figs 41, 44 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF87FFCF2785D2D0FC99F9EF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NMBE Nr. B 7630, SL: 29 mm, MD: 24 mm, Belpberg (Switzerland); illustrated in Pfister & Wegmüller 2007: 158, pl. 4, figs. 4 – 6; figs. 44 A 1 – A 4. Paratypes: NMBE Nr. B 7629, SL: 25 mm, MD: 22 mm, Belpberg (Switzerland); illustrated in Pfister & Wegmüller 2007: 158, pl. 4, figs. 1 – 3; figs. 44 B 1 – B 3. NMBE Nr. D 2825, SL: 19 mm, MD: 19.5 mm, Aarwald (Switzerland); illustrated in Pfister & Wegmüller 2007: 158, pl. 4, figs. 7 – 9; figs. 44 C. Type locality. Belpberg (Switzerland), North Alpine Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Belpberg layers (Upper Marine Molasse). Age. Early Miocene, Eggenburgian / Ottnangian (Burdigalian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF87FFCF2785D2D0FC99F9EF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Urs Wegmüller (Naturhistorisches Museum Bern) in recognition of his contributions on the Early Miocene mollusc faunas from Switzerland.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF87FFCF2785D2D0FC99F9EF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, stout biconic shell with low conical spire, deeply incised suture and very prominent P 1 cord forming broad, bulging cord along shoulder, most of surface below covered by subsequent whorl; base conical with prominent, strongly raised primary cords and weaker secondary cords.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF87FFCF2785D2D0FC99F9EF.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, stout biconic shell with low conical spire; apical angle ~ 120 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch consisting of up to five whorls. Suture very deeply incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with very broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp, strongly angled shoulder close above abapical suture, deeply incised below. Axial sculpture of about eight low, broad, poorly defined ribs. Spiral sculpture of weak adis and IP. P 1 forming broad, bulging cord along shoulder, most of surface below covered by subsequent whorl. Last whorl attaining ~ 80 % of total height; conical with broad, shallow subsutural ramp, strong shoulder, rapidly contracting below. Axial sculpture of up to 11 broad axial ribs, prominent along shoulder, fading over subsutural ramp and base. Subsutural ramp coarsely scabrose close to suture. Spiral sculpture on subsutural ramp of broad adis and IP separated by slightly narrower interspaces; P 1 forming very prominent, rounded, elevated cord along shoulder; P 2 atrophied follows directly below P 1; P 3 prominent; P 1 – P 3 close set; P 4, P 5 weaker than P 1, s 3 – s 4 very weak, recessed; on siphonal canal probably ADP and MP. Fasciole moderately swollen, twisted, delimiting broad pseudoumbilicus. Aperture poorly preserved, ovate. Columella strongly excavated, smooth. Siphonal canal moderately short, probably open.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF87FFCF2785D2D0FC99F9EF.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Coralliophila wegmuelleri sp. nov. was confused by Pfister & Wegmüller (2007) with the Mediterranean Pliocene Heteropurpura polymorpha (Brocchi, 1814). Both species develop a characteristic prominent P 1 along the shoulder but C. wegmuelleri differs from the Pliocene species in its much lower spire, the lower position of the shoulder placed just above the abapical suture on spire whorls and the shorter base and siphonal canal. The shape of the spire with a wide subsutural ramp with P 1 being the most prominent cord delimiting the shoulder placed just above the adapical suture are characteristic features in many Coralliophilinae. The cord pattern with prominent P 1 and closely attached P 2 is not common in the Coralliophilinae but is present in the extant Indo-Pacific Coralliophila candidissima Oliverio, 2008. Therefore, we place this species in Coralliophila. Paleoenvironment. Shallow sublittoral lagoon (Pfister et al. 2011).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF87FFCF2785D2D0FC99F9EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian / Ottnangian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Belpberg, Aarwald (Switzerland) (Pfister & Wegmüller 2007).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF80FFCE2785D73BFA5EF8BA.taxon	description	Figs 41, 45 A 1 – A 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF80FFCE2785D73BFA5EF8BA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Z. PAL. U. W. BkK-G 602 (? lost), SL: 5.5 mm, MD: 3.5 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk 1995: pl. 27, fig. 10, figs. 45 A 1 – A 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF80FFCE2785D73BFA5EF8BA.taxon	description	Description. See Bałuk (1995: 231). First teleoconch whorl: IP weak, P 1 prominent, delimiting angled shoulder. Second teleoconch whorl: adis, IP weak; P 1 prominent; P 2 weaker than P 1; adis, IP on the sutural ramp; P 1 – P 6 on convex part of whorl, P 1 – P 3 prominent; s 1, P 4 – P 6 weaker; ADP, MP, ABP on siphonal canal.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF80FFCE2785D73BFA5EF8BA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Bałuk (1995: 231) mentioned two specimens, the holotype and a second unfigured smaller specimen that he considered conspecific. However, a careful examination suggests that there is no certainty that this second specimen and the holotype are conspecific. It is discussed here as Coralliophila sp. 2. The holotype, unfortunately lost, might be subadult. It is extremely similar to the extant Coralliophila meyendorffii (Calcara, 1845), which originated during the Pliocene in the Mediterranean Sea. Coralliophila meyendorffii differs especially in the much larger size, with specimens up to 30 mm height (e. g., Brunetti 2004: fig. 2; Landau et al. 2007: pl. 15, fig. 5). Within the Paratethyan congeners, only Coralliophila hochstetteri (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) is slightly reminiscent of Coralliophila serraticincta Bałuk, 1995 but differs in its more delicate spiral sculpture with prominent secondary cords and very prominent P 4 and P 6. Specimens from the Badenian of Mecsekpölöske (Hungary) identified by Kovács (2020) as C. serraticincta differ in their conical spire with straight-sided subsutural ramp, angled shoulder and more delicate spiral sculpture. These specimens are tentatively placed herein in Coralliophila acuta sp. nov. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF80FFCE2785D73BFA5EF8BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCD2785D1F0FA5EFB4C.taxon	description	Figs 41, 45 B 1 – B 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCD2785D1F0FA5EFB4C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. BkK-G 606 - 607, SL: 7.1 mm, MD: 4.3 mm, Korytnica (Poland), figs. 45 B 1 – B 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCD2785D1F0FA5EFB4C.taxon	description	Description. Small, broad fusiform shell; apical angle 65 °. Protoconch high conical of three smooth, moderately convex whorls. Teleoconch of at least three whorls. Spire whorls low, broad with broad, shallow, weakly convex subsutural ramp, angled shoulder, moderately convex below. Suture distinctly incised. Axial sculpture of 12 prominent, scabrose ribs separated by wider interspaces, overrun by very prominent, band-like spiral cords. First whorl with prominent P 1 and P 2; second whorl: prominent P 1 – P 2 and weak IP. Last whorl attaining 75 – 80 % of total height, with broad shallow subsutural ramp, slightly angled shoulder, strongly convex periphery, strongly constricted below. Subsutural ramp with weak adis, IP and abis; shoulder with prominent P 1; P 2 – P 5 prominent with wide interspaces often scabrose; P 6 weaker; s 1 – s 6 abapically strengthening, prominent in fully grown specimens. P 1 and P 2 with short spines (fig. 7 in Bałuk 1995). ADP and MP slightly broader; ABP, ms and ads weak (fig. 7 in Bałuk 1995). Fasciole weak. Aperture moderately wide, ovoid. Columella moderately excavated, twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming narrow, adherent rim. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin, smooth. Siphonal canal long, open, slightly bent to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCD2785D1F0FA5EFB4C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Only two specimens from Korytnica (Poland) are known so far. The smaller, incomplete specimen, illustrated in Bałuk (1995: pl. 25, fig. 6), is still available, whereas the larger specimen with missing early teleoconch whorls (Bałuk 1995: pl. 25, fig. 7), could not be found. This second, fully grown specimen shows a prominent, scabrose spiral sculpture with short spines on P 1 – P 2. These specimens were identified by Bałuk (1995) as Coralliophila bracteata (Brocchi, 1814) from the Mediterranean Pliocene. Coralliophila bracteata is a very characteristic species with a broad, almost flat subsutural ramp, strongly angled shoulder, conical base and strongly raised, band-like primary cords, which are often swollen over the raised but relatively narrow axial ribs. The Paratethyan species lacks an angulated shoulder, has a convex periphery, less exaggerated spiral cords and is surely not conspecific with C. bracteata. Due to the limited material, we refrain from describing it formally as new species. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCD2785D1F0FA5EFB4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCC2785D46BFA5EFE5A.taxon	description	Figs 41, 45 C 1 – C 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCC2785D46BFA5EFE5A.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Z. PAL. U. W., unnumbered specimen cited by Bałuk (1995: 231) as the smaller specimen, SL: 5.1 mm, MD: 3.4 mm, Korytnica (Poland), figs. 45 C 1 – C 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCC2785D46BFA5EFE5A.taxon	description	Description. Very small, stocky fusiform shell; apical angle 65 °. Protoconch conical of two smooth, convex whorls. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Suture weakly incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls strongly convex with faint shoulder. Axial sculpture of nine prominent axial ribs separated by slightly wider interspaces. Axial ribs overrun by very prominent P 1 – P 3, IP slightly weaker. Last whorl attaining 75 % of total height, globose with convex subsutural ramp and indistinct shoulder; convex below, strongly constricted. Nine broad, low axial ribs. Spiral sculpture of broad, prominent, convex, close-set adis, IP and abis; P 1 most prominent, P 2 – P 6, s 1, s 2 slightly weaker, ADP, MP broad, ABP weaker. Interspaces deep, wide, flattish. Spiral cords weakly scabrose. Fasciole swollen, delimiting broad pseudoumbilicus. Aperture ovate; outer lip with crenulate edge, slightly flaring, smooth within. Anal canal broad, subobsolete. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, open, slightly bent to the left. Columella weakly excavated in adapical part, twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming narrow, impressed rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCC2785D46BFA5EFE5A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. When describing Coralliophila serraticincta Bałuk, 1995, Bałuk (1995: 231) mentioned two specimens, the holotype and a second unfigured smaller specimen that he considered conspecific. However, this second specimen displays several differences from the holotype (Bałuk 1995: pl. 27, fig. 10). On the spire, P 1 does not form a strong shoulder and P 2 is not reduced as it is in the holotype; on the last whorl, P 1 and P 2 are not separated by a deep spiral groove and s 1 is much more prominent. Consequently, and in the absence of information on the variability of C. serraticincta, we cannot be certain that both specimens are conspecific and therefore the second smaller specimen is provisionally left in open nomenclature as Coralliophila sp. 2. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF82FFCC2785D46BFA5EFE5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF83FFCC2785D099FD5AF940.taxon	description	Figs 41, 45 D 1 – D 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF83FFCC2785D099FD5AF940.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Z. PAL. U. W., BkK-G 1232, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 14.5 mm, Korytnica (Poland), figs. 45 D 1 – D 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF83FFCC2785D099FD5AF940.taxon	description	Description. Large, slender biconic shell with disjunct whorls; apical angle 68 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of at least four whorls. Suture weakly incised, shallowly undulating on first whorls and deeply incised on last two whorls. Early teleoconch whorls high, with steep, broad, straight sided to weakly concave subsutural ramp, angled shoulder placed short distance above suture, weakly incised below. Axial sculpture of ten broad, rounded ribs overrun by numerous close-set spiral cords. On sutural ramp adis, IP, adis and tertiary threads; P 1 along shoulder prominent, s 1 weak, P 2 prominent and s 2 close to anterior suture line. On penultimate whorl: P 4, P 5, P 6 visible. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height; considerably widening with broad, weakly convex, shallower subsutural ramp, rounded angulation at periphery, rapidly contracting below. About ten undulating axial ribs most prominent along periphery. Spiral sculpture with scabrous cords. On subsutural ramp, delicate adis, IP, abis and numerous threads; on convex part of whorl P 1 forming prominent, rounded cord along shoulder; P 1 – P 3 prominent; P 4, P 5 weaker, P 6 and s 1 very weak; on siphonal canal ADP weak, MP and ABP prominent. Fasciole narrow, raised, delimiting broad and deep pseudoumbilicus. Aperture wide, rounded; outer lip not thickened, smooth within. Anal canal indistinct; siphonal canal short, open, wide, straight. Columella straight, smooth. Columellar callus straight, erect at siphonal canal.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF83FFCC2785D099FD5AF940.taxon	discussion	Discussion. We agree with Bałuk (2006) that this specimen is slightly deformed by the commensal growth of a vermetid or a worm, which resulted in the partial uncoiling of the shell. Bałuk (2006) compared this specimen with Coralliophila sacyi (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1924) from the Early Miocene of Aquitaine Basin, but its spiral sculpture with prominent P 1 – P 3 and weak P 4 – P 6 is more reminiscent of Coralliophila acuta sp. nov. It differs from this species by having coarser and more scabrous primary cords and fewer secondary cords. As no other specimens are known and as this specimen displays a teratologic aspect, we refrain from describing it formally as new species. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF83FFCC2785D099FD5AF940.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995). Genus Babelomurex Coen, 1922	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF83FFCC2785D099FD5AF940.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Fusus babelis Requien, 1848 (= Babelomurex cariniferus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1834); by original designation. Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9CFFD12785D4E5FDBDFE5A.taxon	description	Figs 46, 47 B 1 – B 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9CFFD12785D4E5FDBDFE5A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: HNHM PAL 2024.9.1., SL: 10.0 mm, MD: 6.6 mm., Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács & Vicián (2024: figs. 43 – 44), figs. 47 B 1 – B 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9CFFD12785D4E5FDBDFE5A.taxon	description	Description. See Kovács & Vicián (2024: 20). Penultimate whorl, prominent IP, P 1 – P 2. Last whorl: on subsutural ramp IP prominent, adis, abis weaker and several tertiary threads; on convex part of whorl, P 1 – P 6 prominent, s 1 – s 6 weaker, one weak tertiary cord intercalated between primary and secondary cords; on siphonal canal ADP, MP, ABP prominent, s 6 and ads weaker.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9CFFD12785D4E5FDBDFE5A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. For separation from the Chattian and Early Miocene Galeropsis lavenayana Hupé, 1860 and the extant Galeropsis monodonta (de Blainville, 1832) see Kovács & Vicián (2024: 20). Galeropsis lavenayana was discussed by Lozouet & Renard (1998: 181, figs. 7 / 6 – 9, 8 / 1 – 6) and Lozouet (2023: 50, pl. 47, figs. 7 – 8). Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at the locality Letkés (Hungary) suggests inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9CFFD12785D4E5FDBDFE5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) Kovács & Vicián (2024). Genus Leptoconchus Rüppell, 1835	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9CFFD12785D4E5FDBDFE5A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Leptoconchus striatus Rüppell, 1835 [= Leptoconchus peronii (Lamarck, 1818)]; by subsequent monotypy. Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9EFFD12785D099FD4EF882.taxon	description	Figs 46, 47 C 1 – C 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9EFFD12785D099FD4EF882.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. The type material of Rolle (1863) is lost. Erroneously, Zilch (1934: 253) designated the specimen described by Boettger (1906) as lectotype [SFM 366522 (= 12 - 2564 b, SL: 9.8 mm, MD: 5.2 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania)] and illustrated this specimen in Zilch (1934: pl. 15, fig. 86), figs. 47 C 1 – C 2. Revised description. Small, olivoid shell with high, conical spire; apical angle 60 – 80 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture indistinct. Spire whorls weakly convex, with close-set, strongly scabrose growth lines obscuring spiral sculpture. Last whorl attaining 78 – 85 % of total height, with weakly convex subsutural ramp, moderately convex periphery, slowly contracting below. Axial sculpture subobsolete. Spiral sculpture (partly based on specimen illustrated in Kovács 2020: pl. 4, figs. 30 – 31) of broad subsutural cord and close-set, subequal adis, IP, abis and two secondary cords. P 1 flat, slightly more prominent along periphery. Primary cords broad, convex; P 3, P 4, P 5, P 6 most prominent, often forming group of three more prominent, weakly scabrose cords; P 2 and ADP weaker. s 3 and s 5 present. Fasciole weak. Aperture ovate; outer lip thin, smooth. Anal canal subosolete, wide. Siphonal canal short, straight, open, wide, deeply notched (description based also on specimens illustrated by Kovács et al. (2018). Columella straight, smooth. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow, adherent rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9EFFD12785D099FD4EF882.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Leptoconchus is an endoparasitic genus living in boreholes in corals (Gittenberger & Gittenberger 2011). Kovács & Vicián (2024) documented Leptoconchus jaegeri Boettger, 1906 in its bore-hole in the merulinid coral Echinopora oligophylla (Reuss, 1871). Leptoconchus jaegeri was established in Leptoconchus Rüppell, 1835 by Boettger (1906) but transferred to Magilus de Montfort, 1810 by Zilch (1934). Lozouet & Renard (1998) confirmed the placement in Leptoconchus, which is followed herein, because it has nothing in common with the naticoid shape of the early teleoconch whorls of Magilus. The variability of this rare species was documented by Kovács et al. (2018), who illustrated four specimens from Letkés (Hungary). These specimens show some variability in spire height and in the position of the periphery. Leptoconchus costatus (Chenu, 1843), from the Oligocene and Early Miocene of France, is morphologically close to Leptoconchus jaegeri but differs in its more prominent spiral cords on the last whorl, more prominent scabrose growth lines and the slightly slenderer shape (see Lozouet & Renard 1998: fig. 4 / 7 – 15; Lozouet 2023: pl. 47, figs. 1 – 6). Leptoconchus duvergieri (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1923), from the Early Miocene of France, differs in its inflated last whorl (see Lozouet & Renard 1998: fig. 5). Paleoenvironment. Occurrences at Letkés, Márkháza and Bánd (Hungary) indicate inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014; Kovács 2020).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9EFFD12785D099FD4EF882.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Márkháza (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9FFFD02785D4FBFCB1F87D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Ricinula calcarata Grateloup, 1834; original designation by Landau et al. (2013: 157). Early Miocene, France.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9FFFD02785D4FBFCB1F87D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Janssenia was established by Landau et al. (2013) within Ergalataxinae but was transferred to Rapaninae by Lozouet (2023) based on similarities in apertural features with Rapaninae genera such as Drupa Röding, 1798. Similarly, Vermeij (1995: 123) discussed this group comprising Janssenia calcarata within Rapaninae. Herein we follow this view. We place Janssenia echinulata (Pusch, 1837) and Janssenia spinosa (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960) in this genus, but note that both have a weak to subobsolete columellar fold. This feature, however, seems to be variable even within the type species and other species, such as Janssenia gratteloupi (d’Orbigny, 1852), as documented by Lozouet (2023: pls. 36 – 37).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9FFFD02785D1F0FCBBFABD.taxon	description	Figs 46, 47 D 1 – D 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9FFFD02785D1F0FCBBFABD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Zilch 1934: 252): SFM 366523 (= 12 - 2251 a), SL: 8.7 mm, MD: 6.4 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 15, fig. 84), figs. 47 D 1 – D 2. Revised description. Small, spherical shell; apical angle 95 °. Protoconch worn, low conical. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. First teleoconch whorl with broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp and slightly keeled shoulder marked by P 1 at abapical suture. Shoulder covered by subsequent whorl starting from second teleoconch whorl. Axial sculpture of delicate, close-set growth lines. Suture superficial. Last whorl attaining 80 % of total height, inflated, globose, slowly contracting below periphery. Spiral sculpture of prominent, broad P 1 – P 5; no secondary cords. Axial sculpture of raised, scabrose growth lines; widely spaced on primary cords, more close set in spiral interspaces. Growth lines most prominent on subsutural ramp, reaching over suture on last spire whorl. Fasciole indistinct. Aperture only partly preserved. Columellar callus forming thin, adherent rim, poorly delimited from base. Columella nearly straight, smooth. Anal canal, outer lip and siphonal canal not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9FFFD02785D1F0FCBBFABD.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Leptoconchus jaegeri Boettger, 1906 is reminiscent of the extant Leptoconchus peronii (Lamarck, 1818), from the Indian Ocean, in its globose shape but differs in its much coarser scabrose sculpture. Lozouet & Renard (1998: 177) placed Leptoconchus rollei Boettger, 1906 in synonymy of Leptoconchus jaegeri Rolle, 1863 with a question mark. They differ quite distinctly by the globose outline of Leptoconchus rollei and in its strongly raised, scabrose growth lines. Leptoconchus duvergieri (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1923), from the Early Miocene of France, differs in its more numerous cords (Lozouet & Renard (1998: fig. 5 / 1 – 8). Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9FFFD02785D1F0FCBBFABD.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906). Note on Coralliophila subscarrosa Kovács & Vicián, 2024 This species from the Badenian of Hungary was tentatively placed in Ocinebrina Jousseaume, 1880 by Harzhauser et al. (2025: 96) based on the P 5 cord being more prominent than other adjacent primary cords (P 3 – P 4). This character does not occur in Coralliophila. For illustrations see Kovács et al. 2018: 129, figs. 9 L – M, Kovács & Vicián, 2024: 17, figs. 37 – 39 and Harzhauser et al. 2025: fig. 46.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF98FFD52785D1F0FED4FF22.taxon	description	Figs 48, 49 A – C * Ricinula echinulata m. — Pusch 1837: 140, pl. 11, fig. 27. Purp [ura]. echinulata Pusch — Eichwald 1853: 172.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF98FFD52785D1F0FED4FF22.taxon	description	1882)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF98FFD52785D1F0FED4FF22.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): specimen illustrated in Pusch (1837: pl. 11, fig. 27), Korytnica (Poland); the type material is lost (article 74.4 ICZN). Illustrated material. NHMW 1851 / 0010 / 0027, SL: 30.8 mm, MD: 18.0 mm, Mikulov (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hörnes (1853, pl. 13, fig. 19), figs. 49 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1861 / 0033 / 0030, SL: 44.0 mm, MD: 29.6 mm, Buituri (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1882: pl. 16, fig. 18), figs. 49 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0409, SL: 48.3 mm, MD: 29.3 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), figs. 49 C 1 – C 3. Revised description. Medium-sized, ovate shell; apical angle ~ 60 – 65 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture superficial; shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with faint shoulder placed mid-whorl. No axial sculpture; spiral sculpture of numerous delicate threads. Penultimate whorl with weakly swollen subsutural collar, concave subsutural ramp, angled shoulder, subcylindrical below. Shoulder with up to 14 more or less prominent rounded nodes or triangular tubercles; P 1 most prominent bearing nodes, weak and poorly distinct SP, adis, IP, abis on sutural ramp. Last whorl broadly ovate, attaining ~ 80 – 83 % of total height; broad subsutural collar, deeply concave subsutural ramp, angled shoulder, convex periphery, slowly contracting below. Entire shell with delicate secondary cords (adis, abis, s 1 – s 6) overrun by delicate tertiary threads. P 1 most prominent bearing 10 – 13 prominent, isolated nodes or tubercles; P 2, P 3, P 4 slightly less prominent, with isolated nodes; P 5, P 6 forming more continuous convex cords; P 2 nodulose, P 3 – P 4 with blurred nodes. P 2, P 4 atrophied. Weak, close-set growth lines forming delicate, cancellate pattern with spiral threads. Fasciole strongly swollen, strongly twisted, delimiting deep, moderately wide pseudoumbilicus. Aperture wide, ovate; outer lip thin with weak ID (always simple) and eleven lirae placed some distance behind peristome and corresponding to D 1 to D 4; D 1 trifid or quadrifid, D 2 trifid or bifid, D 3 – D 4 simple or bifid. Anal canal deeply incised, V-shaped, accentuated by weak, blunt parietal swelling. Siphonal canal moderately short, very wide, open, straight. Columella broadly excavated. Smooth, twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus poorly delimited from base, erect at pseudoumbilicus, adherent above.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF98FFD52785D1F0FED4FF22.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Janssenia echinulata (Pusch, 1837) is a look-alike of Reishia haemastomoides (Hoernes & Auinger, 1882) in general shape. However, they differ in the fewer, wider-spaced, dot-like denticles deep inside the aperture of R. haemastomoides (simple D 1 – D 4) and by its distinct shoulder on early teleoconch whorls. Janssenia echinulata develops numerous delicate secondary cords overrun by faint tertiary threads, whereas R. haemastomoides develops broader and well-defined secondary cords that are not themselves overlain by tertiary treads. Literature records of both species are hard to separate from the illustrations, especially if apertures are not well documented. Therefore, the chresonymy above may be incomplete. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF98FFD52785D1F0FED4FF22.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Stetten (Austria) (hoc opus). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Gainfarn (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882); Pannonian Basin: Márkháza (Hungary) (Kovács & Vicián 2024). Krka Basin: Gorenja Vrhpolje, Dolna Brezovica (Slovenia) (Mikuž 2009); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Buituri, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Lale, Seyithasan (Turkey (Landau et al. 2013).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9AFFDB2785D752FBCFFEB6.taxon	description	Figs 48, 49 D – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9AFFDB2785D752FBCFFEB6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. Illustrated material. NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0065, SL: 26.8 mm, MD: 16.3 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1882: pl. 16, fig. 13), figs. 49 D 1 – D 3. NHMW 2024 / 0186 / 0001 (A 1519), SL: 23.3 mm, MD: 15.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1882: pl. 16, fig. 12), figs. 49 E 1 – E 3. Revised description. Medium-sized, moderately broad ovate species; apical angle ~ 66 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch consisting of up to five whorls. Suture superficial, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with deeply concave subsutural ramp and shoulder at abapical suture with about 8 – 10 rounded nodes. Spiral sculpture of numerous delicate threads including indistinct SP, adis, IP, abis. Later whorls with broad subsutural collar and prominent, subtrigonal tubercles corresponding to P 1 placed just above suture. Last whorl attaining ~ 75 % of total height; with subsutural collar, concave subsutural ramp, angled shoulder, subcylindrical periphery, moderately constricted below. Spiral sculpture of prominent P 1 and P 2 with eight to nine prominent, trigonal tubercles; P 3 atrophied; P 4 prominent delimiting base. P 5, P 6 weak. Secondary cords s 1 to s 5 broad, flattish separated by narrow grooves, overrun by delicate tertiary threads. Fasciole strongly swollen, twisted, delimiting deep, broad pseudoumbilicus. Aperture moderately narrow, ovate; outer lip thin, with weak D 1 – D 4 (see Kovács et al. 2018: 126, fig. 8 R). Anal canal deeply incised, narrowly V-shaped. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, open, slightly bent to the left. Columella straight, smooth, faintly angled at siphonal canal. Columellar callus poorly delimited, adherent.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9AFFDB2785D752FBCFFEB6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Janssenia spinosa (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960) differs from Janssenia echinulata (Pusch, 1837) in its smaller size, spiny tubercles and atrophied P 3. Janssenia connectens (Bellardi, 1884), from the Early or Middle Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy) and Janssenia tuberculata (Bellardi, 1884), from the Burdigalian of Valle Ceppi (Italy) are both comparable in sculpture and apertural features but differ in their more inflated outline. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9AFFDB2785D752FBCFFEB6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Márkháza (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018; Kovács & Vicián 2024); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882; Kovács 2019); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Staropatica (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Genus Zoltania nov. gen.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9AFFDB2785D752FBCFFEB6.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Zoltania styriaca (Hilber, 1879); Badenian (Langhian), Middle Miocene; Austria, Hungary, Romania, Central Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9AFFDB2785D752FBCFFEB6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, solid, stocky biconic shell with low conical spire; early teleoconch whorls low, with very broad, shallow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, shoulder placed at or just above suture. weak axial ribs overrun by prominent spiral cords; last whorl with broad, strongly scabrose subsutural collar, concave subsutural ramp, strongly angled shoulder, slowly contracting below; broad axial ribs with strongly developed primary (P 1 – P 4) and secondary cords (s 1 – s 4); primary cords P 1 to P 4 wide, duplicated in appearance and split by a small spiral groove; outer lip thickened, with paired crenulations at edge, with ID, D 1 – D 4 placed short distance behind peristome; columella with prominent, broad central columellar fold.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9AFFDB2785D752FBCFFEB6.taxon	description	Description. As for type species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9AFFDB2785D752FBCFFEB6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Zoltán Kovács (Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music, Budapest) and Zoltán Vicián (Budapest), in recognition for their contributions on Paratethyan paleontology. Included species. Zoltania styriaca (Hilber, 1879), Badenian (Middle Miocene), Central Paratethys Sea. Cymia (s. l.) cf. styriaca of Lozouet (2023), Burdigalian (Early Miocene), Léognan (France), northeastern Atlantic (this species will need a new name). Stratigraphic and geographic range. Early Miocene to Middle Miocene; northeastern Atlantic and Central Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF9AFFDB2785D752FBCFFEB6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Zoltania is reminiscent of the extant Semiricinula von Martens, 1879 [type species Purpura muricina de Blainville, 1832; present-day, Indo-West Pacific Region], which has a comparable mode of sculpture formation and may develop up to two columellar folds (Raven 2016) (e. g., S. muricina (de Blainville, 1832), S. hadrolineae (Houart, 1996). However, the columellar folds are weaker, and most Semiricinula species have higher spires, a thinner peristome, and they develop lirae, which start some distance behind the peristome (e. g., Semiricinula turbinoides (de Blainville, 1832), S. tongasoa Bozzetti, 2018, S. bozzettii Houart & Héros, 2013), whereas only subadult specimens of Zoltania have lirae. Janssenia Landau, Harzhauser, İslamoğlu & C. M. Silva, 2013 differs in its higher spire, the thinner peristome and the four to five large denticles placed some distance behind the peristome Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic lagoonal environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF94FFDA2785D0F5FCD7F871.taxon	description	Figs 48, 50 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF94FFDA2785D0F5FCD7F871.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): Inv. Nr. 200131, Universalmuseum Graz, Gamlitz (Austria), SL: 41.8 mm, MD: 31.1 mm, illustrated in Hilber (1879: pl. 2, fig. 10), figs. 50 A 1 – A 3. The paralectotype from Gamlitz (Austria), illustrated in Hilber (1879: pl. 2, fig. 9), was stored at the Geosphere Austria (= Geological Survey Vienna) but was destroyed in WWII. Illustrated material. NHMW 1868 / 001 / 0367, SL: 37.1 mm, MD: 26.7 mm, Gamlitz (Austria), figs. 50 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0064, SL: 14.1 mm, MD: 9.3 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1879: pl. 16, fig. 8), figs. 50 C 1 – C 3. Revised description. Medium-sized, solid, stocky biconic shell with low conical spire; apical angle ~ 70 °. Protoconch worn, low conical. Teleoconch of up to four whorls. Early teleoconch whorls low, with very broad, shallow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, shoulder placed at or just above suture. About ten broad axial ribs, fading adapically, overrun by prominent SP, IP and abis; P 1 placed just above suture. Last whorl attaining ~ 80 % of total height, with broad, strongly scabrose subsutural collar, concave subsutural ramp, strongly angled shoulder, slowly contracting below; fasciole broad, flattish, delimiting broad shallow pseudoumbilicus. About ten broad axial ribs weakening over base. P 1 prominent with pointed tubercles along shoulder; P 2 prominent, bifid, tubercular; P 3 – P 4 broad, flattened, often bifid; s 1 – s 5 prominent, slightly scabrose; P 5, P 6 prominent with weak spiral grooves. Aperture elongate ovate. Outer lip thickened, with paired crenulations at edge, with weak ID; D 1 – D 4 small, placed short distance behind peristome, not connected to crenulations; D 1 – D 3 bifid, D 4 simple. Anal canal distinctly incised, narrow, forming sinus that extends to outer edge of lip, accentuated by weak, broad parietal denticle. Siphonal canal short, open, wide, slightly dorsally recurved. Columella straight, with prominent, broad central columellar fold. Columellar callus broad and thick.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF94FFDA2785D0F5FCD7F871.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Zoltania styriaca was placed by Lozouet (2023) in Cymia (s. l.). Cymia Mörch, 1860 [type species Cuma sulcata Swainson, 1840 [= Cymia tectum (Wood, 1828)]; present-day, eastern Pacific] as currently listed in MolluscaBase Eds. (2024 b) is restricted to the eastern Pacific but during the Neogene had a wider distribution in both the Caribbean and tropical Atlantic (Landau et al. 2016: 167) Its type species has a biconic shell with comparatively high spire due to a broad and steep subsutural ramp. No additional prominent primary cords and nodes or spines are developed on the conical base. Thus, shape and sculpture of Cymia is very different from the Miocene Paratethyan species and a close relation between them is unlikely. The specimens from the Burdigalian of Léognan (France), described by Lozouet (2023: pl. 34, figs. 11 – 15) as Cymia (s. l.) cf. styriaca, is less stocky, slightly higher spired, narrower at the fasciole, has lirae instead denticles within outer lip and probably represents a separate species. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic lagoonal environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF94FFDA2785D0F5FCD7F871.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Styrian Basin: Gamlitz, St. Anna (Austria) (Hilber 1879); Cserhát Hills: Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Kovács 2019); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019). Genus Menathais Iredale, 1937	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF94FFDA2785D0F5FCD7F871.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Purpura pica de Blainville, 1832 [= Menathais tuberosa (Röding, 1798)]; original designation by Iredale (1937: 256). Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF94FFDA2785D0F5FCD7F871.taxon	discussion	Discussion. As stressed by Iredale (1937) in his brief diagnosis, Menathais species, such as Menathais bimaculata (Jonas, 1845) and Menathais tuberosa (Röding, 1798), are characterized by a lirate aperture, although these lirae may be subobsolete in many specimens. Menathais viciani lacks lirae but occasionally develops five small denticles (ID, D 1 – D 4) and an atrophied P 3 are also developed by some specimens of Menathais tuberosa. Acanthais Vermeij & Kool, 1994 [type species Buccinum brevidentatum Wood, 1828; present-day, Eastern Pacific] differs from Menathais in the presence of a columellar fold and a weak labral spine close to P 4. The extant Eastern Pacific Penethais triangularis (de Blainville, 1832), type species of the genus Penethais Vermeij, 2024 (Vermeij 2024), lacks both features and is similar to Menathais viciani. It differs by having lirae within the aperture, by lacking P 4 and P 3 is not atrophied P 6. Extant species of Menathais are restricted to the Indo-West Pacific Region. The Middle Miocene Menathais viciani Kovács, 2018 is the only representative of this genus known from the Neogene of the Circum-Mediterranean Region. This is an interesting observation, because during the Middle Miocene, the seaway between the Proto-Mediterranean Sea (and Paratethys) and the Indo-West Pacific was already closed. Therefore, we assume that there must have existed a yet unknown representative of this genus already during the Early Miocene in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea, which gave rise to Menathais viciani.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF96FFD82785D1F0FBA3FCAA.taxon	description	Figs 48, 51 A – D * Menathais viciani n. sp. — Kovács 2018: 32, figs. 2 E – L.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF96FFD82785D1F0FBA3FCAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: PAL 2017.56. 1, Hungarian Natural History Museum, SL: 22.0 mm, MD: 19.0 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács (2018: fig 2 E – F), figs. 51 D 1 – D 2. Paratypes: V 2017.02 (collection Vicián), SL: 20.0 mm, MD: 19.5 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács (2018: fig 2 G – H), figs. 51 A 1 – A 2. N 2017.02 (collection Németh), SL: 26.0 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács (2018: fig 2 K – L), figs. 51 B 1 – B 2. H 2017.10 (collection Hirmetzl), SL: 21.5 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács (2018: fig 2 I – J), figs. 51 C 1 – C 2. Revised description. Medium-sized, solid, broadly ovate shell; apical angle ~ 80 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to three whorls. Suture superficial, linear. Early teleoconch whorls with deeply concave subsutural ramp with short P 1 spines at shoulder placed along suture. Spiral sculpture worn. Last whorl broadly ovate with broad subsutural collar, concave subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, convex periphery, weakly constricted below. P 1 with eight long spines. P 1, P 2, P 4 spine on aperture most prominent; P 3 atrophied; P 5 – P 6 weak without spine; secondary cords s 1 – s 4 weak indistinguishable from adjacent tertiary threads. Fasciole moderately swollen, flattish, delimiting very shallow, flat pseudoumbilicus. Aperture ovate; outer lip weakly thickened with subobsolete ID, D 1 – D 4. P 4 forming weak labral tooth. Anal canal deeply incised, without parietal denticle or anal ID. Siphonal canal short, very wide, open, slightly bent to the left. Columella straight, smooth, weakly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, flattish rim, poorly delimited from base, adherent.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF96FFD82785D1F0FBA3FCAA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The extant Menathais bimaculata (Jonas, 1845) is reminiscent of Menathais viciani Kovács, 2018 but differs in its dome-shaped spire and shorter spines. Similarly, the extant Menathais intermedia (Kiener, 1835) differs in its shorter, rounded spines. The extant Menathais tuberosa (Röding, 1798) has broad trigonal spines, differing from the slenderer spines of M. viciani and develops a generally higher spire. Janssenia spinosa (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960) is superficially similar but differs in its higher spire, much weaker spines and deep pseudoumbilicus. Paleoenvironment. Occurrences at Letkés (Hungary) point to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF96FFD82785D1F0FBA3FCAA.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2019). Genus Reishia Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF96FFD82785D1F0FBA3FCAA.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Purpura bronni Dunker, 1860 [= Reishia luteostoma (Holten, 1802)]; original designation by Kuroda et al. 1971: 146. Present-day, Japan.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF96FFD82785D1F0FBA3FCAA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Purpura (Stramonita) haemastomoides Hoernes & Auinger, 1882 was placed by Landau et al. (2013) in Stramonita Schumacher, 1817 [type species Buccinum haemastoma Linné, 1767; subsequent designation by Gray (1847: 138); present-day, Mediterranean Sea]. However, the peculiar aperture with dot-like denticles deep in the aperture exclude a close relation with Stramonita haemastoma, which develops numerous weak lirae starting at the peristome. The dot-like denticles deep in the aperture are characteristic for the extant Indo-West Pacific genus Reishia, and is well-developed on Reishia luteostoma (Holten, 1802) and Reishia bitubercularis (Lamarck, 1822). Especially Reishia keluo (Tan & Liu, 2001) from Taiwan is extraordinarily similar to the Miocene species but differs in its smaller size, higher spire and less inflated last whorl (see Tan & Liu 2001: fig. 1).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF97FFDE2785D2C9FDA1F916.taxon	description	Figs 48, 52 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF97FFDE2785D2C9FDA1F916.taxon	description	* Purpura (Stramonita) haemastomoides nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1882: 151.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF97FFDE2785D2C9FDA1F916.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0178, SL: 49.6 mm, MD: 32.4 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 13, fig. 18), figs. 52 B 1 – B 3. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0066, SL: 37.3 mm, MD: 24.1 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), figs. 52 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0139 a, SL: 34.0 mm, MD: 21.6 mm, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania), figs. 52 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0139 b, SL: 39.9 mm, MD: 26.5 mm, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania), figs. 52 D 1 – D 3. Additional material. 21 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0138, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania); 19 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0137, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania); 3 spec. NHMW A 1521, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania). Revised description. Large, ovate shell with conical spire; apical angle ~ 68 – 73 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to five whorls. Suture weakly impressed; shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls with concave subsutural ramp and angled shoulder placed slightly below mid-whorl. Sculpture of about 13 nodes along shoulder; SP, adis, IP, abis weak, close-set; P 1 prominent, s 1 and tertiary threads indistinct. Penultimate whorl with swollen subsutural collar and scabrose spiral cords. Last whorl ovate, attaining ~ 80 % of total height; swollen subsutural collar, deeply concave subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, convex periphery, slowly contracting below. On sutural ramp indistinct SP, adis, IP, abis; on convex part of whorl prominent P 1, P 2, P 3 forming prominent convex cords with up to 15 pointed tubercles; P 4 prominent, but weaker than posterior primary cords; P 5 weak on siphonal canal; secondary cords s 1 to s 5, weak, indistinguishable from tertiary threads. Fasciole strongly swollen, strongly twisted, delimiting deep, broad pseudoumbilicus. Aperture wide, ovate; outer lip thin, crenulate at primary cords, with wide basal margin; three wide-spaced, dot-like denticles deep within aperture corresponding to ID (weak), D 1 to D 4 (simple) Anal canal deeply incised, V-shaped. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, open, weakly bent to the left. Columella broadly excavated, strongly angled at siphonal canal with weak columellar fold at angulation. Columellar callus forming broad, thick, well delimited rim, erect at pseudoumbilicus, adherent above.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF97FFDE2785D2C9FDA1F916.taxon	discussion	Discussion. As discussed above, Janssenia echinulata (Pusch, 1837) and Reishia haemastomoides (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) are very similar and can only be distinguished based on their apertural features. Therefore, literature records of both species are hard to confirm from the illustrations, especially if apertures are not well documented. Therefore, the chresonymy above may be partly incorrect and the paleogeographic distribution will need confirmation in some cases. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF97FFDE2785D2C9FDA1F916.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene). Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Gainfarn (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018); Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Bakony Mountains: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Mecsek Mountains: Mecsekpölöske, Hidas, Hosszúhetény (Hungary) (Kovács 2020); Cserhát Hills: Kelet-Cserhát (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Buituri, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1882; Kovács 2019); Dacian Basin: Bivolare, Bozuritsa, Yasen, Opanec, Radomirci, Staropatica, Trifonovo (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Akpınar (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Genus Penethais Vermeij, 2024	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF97FFDE2785D2C9FDA1F916.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Purpura triangularis Blainville, 1832; original designation by Vermeij (2024: 9). Present-day, Eastern Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF97FFDE2785D2C9FDA1F916.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Herein, we tentatively place a single Paratethyan species in the eastern Pacific – western Atlantic genus Penethais. This species was originally described by Kovács et al. (2018) as Thaisella? sp. Thaisella Clench, 1947, as currently listed by MolluscaBase Eds. (2024 c), comprises morphologically very different species. The type species Thaisella trinitatensis (Guppy, 1869) has a moderately high, coronate spire, a globose-ovate last whorl with tuberculate spiral cords and strongly scabrose subsutural cord, a wide and deep pseudoumbilicus and a wide aperture with wide outer lip bearing delicate lirae within. Thaisella chocolata (Duclos, 1832) is globose-ovate with an almost smooth shell with subobsolete pseudoumbilicus, whereas Thaisella coronata (Lamarck, 1816), Thaisella callifera (Lamarck, 1822) and Thaisella guatemalteca Simone, 2017 have prominent, broad, tuberculate spiral cords and a very wide, deep pseudoumbilicus. The Paratethyan species has little in common with T. trinitatensis but is superficially similar to T. callifera. The presence of a weak columellar fold and the narrow pseudoumbilicus of the Paratethyan species make a relationship with Thaisella unlikely. In contrast, the presence of a columellar fold is consistent with the placement in Acanthais and Penethais. The poor preservation does not allow to confirm the presence of a labral tooth in the Paratethyan shell, which is typical for Acanthais (type species: Buccinum brevidentatum Wood, 1828 by original designation and single member of the genus). Kovács & Vicián (2024) followed this view and placed this species in? Acanthais and described it formally as new species. However, Acanthais brevidentata displays rounded internal denticles, lacking in the Paratethyan species. In addition, Vermeij (2024) erected Penethais, chose Purpura triangularis Blainville, 1832 as type species, and included two other species: P. brevicula (Vermeij, 2001) from the Burdigalian of Venezuela and P. callaoensis (J. E. Gray, 1828) from Peru and Panama. Strong rows of nodes ranging from P 1 to P 4, missing rounded internal denticles and reduced or missing labral spines are features of Penethais shared with the Paratethyan species. Nevertheless, the Paratethyan species bears very prominent primary cords which are not found in Penethais species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF91FFDD2785D655FE48FCCE.taxon	description	Figs 48, 53 A 1 – A 3	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF91FFDD2785D655FE48FCCE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its stocky, globose shell with narrow subsutural ramp, large tubercles on P 1, P 2 and P 4 broad, convex primary cords. We are not aware of any related species from the Circum-Mediterranean Neogene. Paleoenvironment. Occurrences at Letkés (Hungary) point to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
039A879FFF91FFDD2785D655FE48FCCE.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2018).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Merle, Didier (2025): The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea (Aspellinae, Ergalataxinae, Coralliophilinae, Rapaninae). Zootaxa 5611 (1): 1-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5611.1.1
