identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FE814DD2B87A.text	0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FE814DD2B87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum (sect. Borealia) Handel-Mazzetti 1907	<div><p>Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................................5 Literature sources of our study ...........................................................................................................................................................5 The level of exploration......................................................................................................................................................................6 A summary of the nomenclature at the supraspecific ranks ...............................................................................................................6 Taraxacum sect. Borealia Handel-Mazzetti (1907: [xi]) ..................................................................................................................6 Morphological features best characterizing Taraxacum sect. Borealia ..............................................................................................7 Where to draw a line between Taraxacum sect. Borealia and T. sect. Arctica ...................................................................................7 Reproduction systems in Taraxacum sect. Borealia ...........................................................................................................................7 Problems encountered in the study of Taraxacum sect. Borealia .......................................................................................................7 The problematic character of the original material of many names...................................................................................................8 A note on the recently published Taraxacum names by Kharitontsev (2014, 2015)..........................................................................9</p><p>Material and Methods ..................................................................................................................................................................................9 Species concept ..................................................................................................................................................................................9 How to understand the plasticity of dandelions .................................................................................................................................9 Plant material....................................................................................................................................................................................10 Methods of cultivation......................................................................................................................................................................10 Images...............................................................................................................................................................................................10 Nomenclature ...................................................................................................................................................................................11</p><p>Results ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................11</p><p>Interpretation of the name Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledebour 1829: 9) Candolle (1838: 146) .......................................................11 Protologue......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Specimens belonging to the original material ..................................................................................................................................11 A survey of characters that can be observed on the lectotype and isotype plants ............................................................................12 Interpretation ....................................................................................................................................................................................13 Nomenclatural consequences ...........................................................................................................................................................13</p><p>Survey of taxa accepted ..............................................................................................................................................................................13</p><p>Key categories ..............................................................................................................................................................................................13</p><p>A key to the identification of members of T. sect. Borealia in the study area ........................................................................................14</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FE814DD2B87A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF91FFB4FF78F9914DD2BAB6.text	0399F353FF91FFB4FF78F9914DD2BAB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum acricorne Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>The group of species with very narrow, erect-patent to erect outer phyllaries and pinnatisect leaves ..............................................47 15. Taraxacum acricorne Dahlstedt (1930: 220) ............................................................................................................................47 16. Taraxacum ochotense Woroschilov (1967: 9) ...........................................................................................................................48 17. Taraxacum perdecorum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. .......................................................................................................... 50 18. Taraxacum leptoceras Dahlstedt (1926b: 5) ..............................................................................................................................53 19. Taraxacum peracre Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ................................................................................................................. 54 20. Taraxacum seminudum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. .......................................................................................................... 56</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF91FFB4FF78F9914DD2BAB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FBBF4DD2B944.text	0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FBBF4DD2B944.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum hjeltii (Dahlst.) Dahlstedt 1906	<div><p>Core species of T. sect. Borealia, with yellow or almost yellow stigmas ..................................................................................................19 1. Taraxacum hjeltii (Dahlstedt 1905: 151, 162) Dahlstedt (1906: 6) .............................................................................................19 2. Taraxacum xanthellum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ............................................................................................................. 19 3. Taraxacum neoboreale Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ............................................................................................................. 23 4. Taraxacum compitale Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ............................................................................................................... 26 5. Taraxacum platycranum Dahlstedt (1930: 225) .........................................................................................................................26 6. Taraxacum macroceras Dahlstedt (1906: 15) .............................................................................................................................30 7. Taraxacum lauriferorum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. .......................................................................................................... 31</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FBBF4DD2B944	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF91FFB4FF78F96B4DD2BBA9.text	0399F353FF91FFB4FF78F96B4DD2BBA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum lateritium Dahlstedt 1906	<div><p>Species in some aspects close to T. sect. Arctica, usually with dark, not very numerous, almost borderless outer phyllaries ..........61 21. Taraxacum lateritium Dahlstedt (1906: 32) ..............................................................................................................................61 22. Taraxacum maurolepium Haglund (1949: 111) ........................................................................................................................64 23. Taraxacum sublateritium Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ....................................................................................................... 66 24. Taraxacum altaicum Schischkin (1949: 6) ................................................................................................................................66 25. Taraxacum taimyrense Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 189) .........................................................................................69 26. Taraxacum macilentum Dahlstedt (1906: 17) ...........................................................................................................................70 27. Taraxacum brevicorne Dahlstedt (1906: 11) .............................................................................................................................73 28. Taraxacum badzhalense Woroschilov &amp; Schlotgauer (1986: 115) ...........................................................................................74 29. Taraxacum eurylepium Dahlstedt in Ostenfeld (1910: 92, fig. 19) ..........................................................................................74</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF91FFB4FF78F96B4DD2BBA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF91FFB5FF78F78B4DD2BCE3.text	0399F353FF91FFB5FF78F78B4DD2BCE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum leucocarpum	<div><p>Taraxacum leucocarpum, a sexual species, possibly linking T. sect. Borealia with T. sect. Arctica .....................................................77 30. Taraxacum leucocarpum Jurtzev &amp; Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Jurtzev (1984: 188) .....................................................................77</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF91FFB5FF78F78B4DD2BCE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FA264DD2BA40.text	0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FA264DD2BA40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum peschkovae Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>Species with cone broadly conical, short, and leaves frequently undivided ..........................................................................................41 12. Taraxacum peschkovae Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ........................................................................................................... 41 13. Taraxacum calens Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ................................................................................................................... 43 14. Taraxacum pingue Schischkin (1937: 3) ...................................................................................................................................44</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FA264DD2BA40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FA964DD2B9F4.text	0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FA964DD2B9F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum stepanovae Woroschilov 1972	<div><p>Species with white or yellowish white flowers ..........................................................................................................................................33 8. Taraxacum stepanovae Woroschilov (1972: 37) .........................................................................................................................33 9. Taraxacum anadyricum Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 191) ..........................................................................................35 10. Taraxacum albescens Dahlstedt (1926b: 14) ............................................................................................................................36 11. Taraxacum candicans Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ............................................................................................................. 37</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF91FFB4FF78FA964DD2B9F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FB034DD2B897.text	0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FB034DD2B897.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum (sect. Borealia) Handel-Mazzetti 1907	<div><p>A species intermediate between Taraxacum sect. Borealia and T. sect. Ceratoidea .............................................................................130 56. Taraxacum pseudoceratoides Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ............................................................................................... 130</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FB034DD2B897	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FE094DD2BDA7.text	0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FE094DD2BDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledebour 1829) Candolle 1838	<div><p>Predominantly Alaskan and Aleutian species with outer phyllaries imbricate, short, of a broad shape and usually with a distinct but relatively narrow border .........................................................................................................................................................89 35. Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) Candolle (1838: 146) .......................................................................................................89 36. Taraxacum subtrigonum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ........................................................................................................ 91</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FE094DD2BDA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FC944DD2B8D1.text	0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FC944DD2B8D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum kljutschevskoanum Komarov 1930	<div><p>Species with outer phyllaries appressed, of a narrow shape, with a well developed border ..............................................................108 44. Taraxacum kljutschevskoanum Komarov (1930: 202) ...........................................................................................................108 45. Taraxacum evittatum Dahlstedt (1930: 221) ...........................................................................................................................110 46. Taraxacum abhorrens Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ........................................................................................................... 111 47. Taraxacum anadyrense Nakai &amp; Koidzumi in Koidzumi (1936a: 144) .................................................................................114 48. Taraxacum hultenii Dahlstedt (1926b: 11) ..............................................................................................................................115 49. Taraxacum longicorne Dahlstedt (1906: 9) ............................................................................................................................116 50. Taraxacum malaisei Dahlstedt (1930: 223) ............................................................................................................................118 51. Taraxacum mimosiflorum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ....................................................................................................119 52. Taraxacum koraginense Komarov (1930: 200) ......................................................................................................................122 53. Taraxacum tuvense Krasnoborov &amp; A.Krasnikov in Krasnoborov et al. (1984: 537) ............................................................123 54. Taraxacum pseudocompitale Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ................................................................................................ 124 55. Taraxacum desolatum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ........................................................................................................... 127</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FC944DD2B8D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FE9E4DD2BD28.text	0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FE9E4DD2BD28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum kolymense Khokhryakov 1973	<div><p>Species characterized by numerous, linear-lanceolate outer phyllaries with conspicuous horns, and a very narrow leaf shape ....85 33. Taraxacum kolymense Khokhryakov (1973: 47) ......................................................................................................................85 34. Taraxacum lenense Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 190) ...............................................................................................87</p><p>Comparison of the North Asiatic Taraxacum sect. Borealia with plants from North America .............................................................89</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FE9E4DD2BD28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FD294DD2BE81.text	0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FD294DD2BE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum lacerum	<div><p>A representative of the Taraxacum lacerum group in Kamchatka ........................................................................................................102 42. Taraxacum sublacerum Haglund (1949: 112) .........................................................................................................................103</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FD294DD2BE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FD534DD2BF47.text	0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FD534DD2BF47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum perlatescens Dahlstedt 1926	<div><p>Outer phyllaries numerous, long, of a broad shape, with a distinct broad border usually wider than 0.5 mm ..............................104 43. Taraxacum perlatescens Dahlstedt (1926b: 13) ......................................................................................................................104</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FD534DD2BF47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FE744DD2BEC8.text	0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FE744DD2BEC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum rufum Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>Species with achenes light fulvous, red, red-brown or reddish brown ...................................................................................................94 37. Taraxacum rufum Dahlstedt (1930: 228) ..................................................................................................................................94 38. Taraxacum rubiginans Dahlstedt (1930: 227) ..........................................................................................................................95 39. Taraxacum crassicarpum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ....................................................................................................... 96 40. Taraxacum pseudoglabrum Dahlstedt (1930: 225) .................................................................................................................100 41. Taraxacum kuvajevii Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 196) ...........................................................................................100</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FE744DD2BEC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FF304DD2BD5D.text	0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FF304DD2BD5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum tortisquameum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>Species with outer phyllaries linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, usually erect-patent to patent, or arcuate-patent ..............................78 31. Taraxacum tortisquameum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. ..................................................................................................... 78 32. Taraxacum xiphodon Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov. .............................................................................................................. 82</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF90FFB5FF78FF304DD2BD5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF96FFB3FF78F920488DB473.text	0399F353FF96FFB3FF78F920488DB473.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum (sect. Borealia) Handel-Mazzetti 1907	<div><p>Taraxacum sect. Borealia Handel-Mazzetti (1907: [xi])</p><p>Type:— Taraxacum hjeltii (Dahlst.) Dahlstedt (1906: 9) ≡ Taraxacum ceratophorum subsp. hjeltii Dahlstedt (1905: 151) ≡ Taraxacum officinale var. boreale Hjelt in Hjelt &amp; Hult (1885: 133. For the typification of the latter names, see Lundevall &amp; Øllgaard in Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek (1997a: 89) and the present paper, p. 19.</p><p>A note on Taraxacum hjeltii:— A representative gathering of the type species of T. sect. Borealia was issued in our Taraxaca exsiccata, fasc. 12 (1999), no. 551–552.</p><p>= Taraxacum subsect. Ceratophora Handel-Mazzetti (1907: [ix]) ≡ Taraxacum ser. Deducta Handel-Mazzetti (1907: [ix]) ≡ Taraxacum [unranked] Ceratophora Dahlstedt in Lindman (1918: 560) ≡ Taraxacum sect. Ceratophora Dahlstedt (1921: 37) .</p><p>Type: Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) Candolle (1838: 146) ≡ Leontodon ceratophorus Ledebour (1829: 9) . For the typification, see p. 89.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF96FFB3FF78F920488DB473	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF98FFBAFF78F9354BA3BE12.text	0399F353FF98FFBAFF78F9354BA3BE12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	survey Li 1984	<div><p>A survey of characters that can be observed on the lectotype and isotype plants</p><p>The above type specimens have quite well developed flower heads, and the features of outer phyllaries, inner phyllaries, florets and floret parts are easily recognizable. Leaves are present, mostly as an undivided morphotype, but some basic attributes are available.Achenes are absent, and it is questionable whether or not the achene picture in Ledebour (1833, plate 34) reflects the current herbarium type material; we leave this name without achene description, for the time being. The following basic characters were observed:</p><p>• • •</p><p>Plants up to ca. 15 cm tall in flower.</p><p>Petiole winged in early leaves, almost unwinged in later ones.</p><p>Leaves narrowly oblanceolate in outline, outer leaves ± pinnatilobed, with ± patent, broadly deltoid-triangular • • •</p><p>• • • • • segments, inner leaves undivided, often dentate.</p><p>Scapes arachnoid below capitulum, ± overtopping leaves.</p><p>Involucre blackish green, ca. 8 mm wide and rounded at base.</p><p>Outer phyllaries ca. 11–15, appressed to loosely appressed, subimbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, relatively short, ca. 4.5–6 (–7) × 3–3.5 mm, surface black-green, with a relatively distinct, ± sharply delimited whitish or whitish-membranous border (0.2–) 0.4–0.8 mm wide, apex with obtuse horns to ca. 1 mm long (phyllaries vary in the surface colour intensity and the width and colour of their border). – Fig. 2.</p><p>Inner phyllaries ca. 10–13 mm long, often coalescing, black corniculate or shortly horned.</p><p>Capitulum yellow, ca. 3–3.5 cm wide.</p><p>Outer ligules ± flat, striped pinkish grey outside.</p><p>Stigmas dark discoloured.</p><p>Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size (agamospermy probable).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF98FFBAFF78F9354BA3BE12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF9FFFBAFF4DFCC74A08B89B.text	0399F353FF9FFFBAFF4DFCC74A08B89B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum pseudoglabrum Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>T. pseudoglabrum (much more numerous outer phyllaries, less distinct border on them)</p><p>T. natschikense (a very indistinct, narrow border to 0.1–0.2 mm wide, or border ± absent)</p><p>T. malaisei (pollen absent, much longer outer phyllaries)</p><p>T. longicorne (stigmas light discoloured, outer phyllaries with a broader border, longer horns)</p><p>T. perlatescens (much more numerous outer phyllaries)</p><p>T. trigonolobum (all the features available in the type material of T. ceratophorum match those of T. trigonolobum)</p><p>We conclude that the name Taraxacum ceratophorum is to be interpreted as an older synonym of T. trigonolobum . For discussions on the plasticity and relationships of the latter, see Haglund (1946, 1948), see also the full treatment under the former name in the present paper.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF9FFFBAFF4DFCC74A08B89B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF81FFA4FF78FF784CD9BAF8.text	0399F353FF81FFA4FF78FF784CD9BAF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum hjeltii	<div><p>1. Taraxacum hjeltii (Dahlstedt 1905: 151, 162) Dahlstedt (1906: 6) ≡ Taraxacum officinale var. boreale Hjelt &amp; Hult (1885: 133) ≡ Taraxacum ceratophorum subsp. hjeltii Dahlstedt (1905: 151, 162) Type:— FINLAND. Lapponia kemensis, Kolari, Yllässaari, ad Tiensuu, 5 Jul 1877, H. Hjelt &amp; R. Hult (H 114751, lectotype, fide C. F.</p><p>Lundevall &amp; H. Øllgaard in Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek (1997a: 89); isolectotypes: C, G, no. det. 18873, GB 0047411, photo!, K, no. det .</p><p>12318, O 2014930, photo!, S 10-38089!, UPS 595910!, LD 2126369!, etc.). Etymology:—Commemorating Albert Hjalmar Hjelt (1851–1925), an outstanding Finnish botanist.</p><p>= Taraxacum perfiljevii Orlova (1973: 269), syn. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Nenetsk National Okrug, lower Pechora river, vicinity of Telvisochnoe] Nenetskiy nats. okrug, nizov’ya r. Pechory, okr. sel. Tel’visochnogo, 1930, A. I . Tolmachev (LECB 0000399!, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Named after Ivan Alexandrovich Perfil’ev [Иван Александрович Перфи́льев] (1882–1942), a specialist in the flora of northern Russia.</p><p>Note:—The holotype of T. perfiljevii, see the image in Orlova (1973: 270) and Fig. 5, was not found in the SYKO herbarium where it was originally reported to be deposited. It was located in LECB later, as a result of a detailed search performed by P. Efimov. Thanks to the generous help and great effort of E. Patova, the curator of SYKO, there is a detailed photographic documentation of the majority of paratypes annotated by N. I. Orlova and deposited in SYKO. The paratypes are not homogeneous taxonomically (and include other members of T. sect. Borealia, and plants belonging to T. sect. Crocea Christiansen (1942: 255) and, perhaps also T. sect. Taraxacum). Another problem is that the protologue description also includes features of other taxa, and, in particular, the protologue description of achenes is rather doubtful.</p><p>Exsiccata:—H. Lindberg, Pl. Finl. Exs., no. 395. – Taraxaca Exs., no. 551, 552.</p><p>Plants ± robust, to ca. 20 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, subglabrous; petioles winged to broadly winged, glabrous to subglabrous, usually purplish. Leaves light mid-green, subglabrous, oblanceolate to broadly oblanceolate in outline, usually 8–12 × 2.5–4 cm, often entire and dentate, most often pinnatilobed, with 2–4 pairs of patent, short, flat-deltoid to flat-triangular lobes, distal margin entire or sparsely dentate; terminal segment usually ± narrower than the rest of the blade, ± triangular, ± entire, with acute basal lobules; interlobes broad, usually entire, not coloured; mid-vein usually suffused purplish, sometimes pale brownish green. Scapes brownish green, usually arachnoid below capitulum, later glabrescent, ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum light yellow to lighter mid-yellow, ca. (3.5–) 4–6 cm wide. Involucre ± dark olivaceous, ± not pruinose, usually (9–) 10–11 mm wide and ± rounded at base. Outer phyllaries (10) 11–14 (15), loosely appressed to erect-patent, not imbricate, narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, usually 6–10 × 2–3 mm, surface mid-olivaceous-green, border not distinct, whitish green to ± membranous, usually 0.3–0.7 mm wide, margin ± glabrous, apex with dark grey-purple horns usually 1–3 mm long; inner phyllaries 14–18 mm long, with horns. Outer ligules usually striped faintly pink-olivaceous outside, inner ligule teeth yellow or reddish. Stigmas ± yellow, dirty yellow when dry. Pollen absent. Achenes light greyish olivaceous, ca. 4.0–4.5 × 0.9–1.0 mm, body ±densely spinulose in upper 1/3, subabruptly narrowing into subcylindrical cone 0.5–0.8 mm long; beak 9–10 mm long, pappus white, ca. 6 mm long. 2n=32 (Rousi et al. 1985: 129; Engelskjøn &amp; Knaben 1971, n.v.). – Agamospermous. – Fig. 5.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum hjeltii is known to occur in the Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden and Finland) and in the Kola Peninsula and Arkhangelsk Region in Russia (Sennikov 2007). The synonymisation of T. perfiljevii means that T. hjeltii occurs eastwards of the broad region of Fennoscandia. It is included in this paper because some of the paratypes are located at the European border in the northernmost Russia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF81FFA4FF78FF784CD9BAF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF81FFA0FF78F9504940B9F2.text	0399F353FF81FFA0FF78F9504940B9F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum xanthellum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>2. Taraxacum xanthellum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, pars Ajgulakskij chrebet, distr. Usť-Ulagan, in pratis haud procul a lac. Mjortvyje Ozera, ad clausam mont. Ulaganskij Pereval, ca. 1850–1900 m, 2 Jul 1988 , J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 173 (PRA, no. det. 35985, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Yellowish.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Inter species cum stigmatibus luteis vel subluteis, species phyllariis adpressis, paucioribus, concoloribus, acheniis ± brevibus, pyramide anguste cylindrica longa insignis.</p><p>Plants not tall but subrobust, usually to 12–14 cm tall. Petiole light purplish, deeper so abaxially, winged to broadly winged, arachnoid, mainly along mid-vein, plant base without tunic. Leaves deep green, ± arachnoid along the light purplish mid-vein, oblanceolate in outline, usually 7–9 × 2–3 cm, some leaves undivided, denticulate to sinuate-lobulate, most of the middle leaves pinnatilobed to pinnatipartite; terminal segment relatively small, broadly triangular, acute to subobtuse, with convex to straight, entire margins; lateral segments approximated, in 5–7 pairs, broadly deltoid to broadly triangular, patent to subrecurved, straight, subconcave to subconvex, usually entire (only basal segments often with minute teeth), proximal margin ± straight or subconvex, entire; interlobes almost absent (lobes ± folded and ± overlapping at base), or short and broad. Scapes ± brownish green, arachnoid, distally densely arachnoid, ± overtopping leaves, at least some leaves growing from outside the leaf rosette. Capitulum ± bright yellow, 3.5–4.0 cm wide. Involucre blackish olivaceous-green, ca. 8–9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries (9) 10–13 (14), loosely appressed to appressed, ± not imbricate, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, usually 7.0–9.5 × 2.3–3.3 mm, surface deep to blackish olivaceous-green, often with ± black longitudinal venation, border narrow, often almost invisible and greenish-membranous, sometimes whitish-membranous, 0.2–0.3 (–0.4) mm wide, margin glabrous or very sparsely ciliate distally, apex with black or blackish-purple horns, usually 1.5–2 mm long; inner phyllaries 12–13 mm long, later to 18 mm long, dark corniculate. Outer ligules flat, faintly striped light greyish-purplish or with 2–4 very light greyish lines, or almost unstriped, teeth light grey-purple, inner ligule teeth yellow to dirty yellow. Stigmas pure light yellow. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, (3.6–) 3.7–3.9 (–4.3) × ca. 1.0 (–1.2) mm, body subdensely covered with distinct, relatively short erect-patent spinules in upper 1/3, subabruptly narrowing into a subcylindrical to cylindrical cone (0.7–) 0.8–0.9 (–1.1) × 0.3–0.4 mm, beak thin (ca. 0.1 mm), (9–) 10–11.5 mm long, pappus 6–6.5 mm, white. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 4F, 6, 7.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—Among the species with yellow or only very indistinctly discoloured stigmas, T. xanthellum is distinct in having a relatively thin, ± cylindrical cone usually 0.8–0.9 mm long. Outer phyllaries are ± appressed (and therefore differ from T. platycranum), not numerous (9–14), which is a number usually exceeded in T. compitale and T. macroceras, and usually the paler border is lacking or indistinct, narrow (developed in the other members of this group). In comparison with taxa with known achenes, T. xanthellum has a longer cone.</p><p>Distribution:—This distinctive species has a large distribution range, with disjunct localities. It is known from numerous sites within a macrolocality of the Ulaganskiy Pereval, the Central Altai, and from the western shore of Lake Baikal, Irkutsk Region.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] Usť-Ulagan District, range of Aigulakskii Khrebet, meadows in the vicinity of Myortvye Ozera ( Lakes) near the pass Ulaganskiy Pereval, 1850–1900 m, 2 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3365 (PRA, no. det. 36747). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 173 (PRA, no. det. 36758). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 174 (PRA, no. det. 36756). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 175 (PRA, no. det. 36755). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 178 (PRA, no. det. 36753). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 156 (PRA, no. det. 36751). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 186 (PRA, no. det. 36749). – [RUSSIA] S. Siberia, Irkutsk region, Baikal Lake, in the vicinity of Listvyanka, pastures along the shore of Lake Baikal, near the origin of Angara R., 26 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 2712 (PRA, no. det. 37770) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF81FFA0FF78F9504940B9F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF85FFA1FF78FA5E4DF7BFCD.text	0399F353FF85FFA1FF78FA5E4DF7BFCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum neoboreale Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>3. Taraxacum neoboreale Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA] Sibiria merid., urbs Irkutsk, lacus Bajkal, pagus Listvjanka, in decl. stepposis supra portum in pago Listvjanka, 26 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cultivated from achenes JŠ 1575/72 as JŠ 2715, collected in 1988 (PRA, no. det. 37772; isotypi: PRA, no. det. 37774) .</p><p>Etymology:—Derived from borealis, northern.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Species ex affinitate Taraxaci xanthelli, a quo phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus numerosis, late ovatis vel ovatis, conspicue late marginatis, foliis glabrescentibus, acheniis longioribus, pyramide subcylindrica longiore et rostro breviore bene dignoscenda.</p><p>Plants medium-sized to small, usually 8–13 cm tall, with a compact, subrobust growth. Plant base without tunic, with subdense arachnoid hairs among petiole bases; petiole broadly winged, initially often sparsely arachnoid, later glabrescent, usually suffused brownish pink. Leaves deep dull green, occasionally with little elongated brown-purple spots, initially sparsely arachnoid, later ± glabrous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate in outline, usually (5–) 6–8 (–11) × (1–) 2–3 cm, usually pinnatilobed (or only pinnatilobulate or remotely dentate), or pinnatipartite, with (4) 5–6 pairs of patent to ± forward-pointing, deltoid, sometimes deltoid-acuminate lateral segments, with distal margin ± subconcave, entire or with a single basal tooth or lobule, proximal margin usually straight, entire, apex acute, seldom acuminate; terminal segment ± suppressed, short and narrower than the rest of the blade, flat-triangular to tricuspidate, margins entire, apex often mucronate, basal lobules patent to forward-pointing, acute; interlobes short and broad, entire, surface green or with submarginal brown-purple spots; mid-vein usually usually suffused brownish purple. Scapes brownish green, sparsely arachnoid, distally more densely so, growing from outside the rosette centre, ± equalling leaves. Capitulum bright yellow, ca. 3.5–4 cm wide. Involucre usually blackish olivaceous or dark olivaceous, not pruinose, 8–10 mm wide and narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 13–16, appressed, ± not imbricate, broadly ovate to ovate, (6.0–) 6.5–8.0 (–8.5) × (2.9–) 3.3–3.8 (–4.0) mm, broadly bordered, with middle strip ± black-olivaceous, ca. 0.5–1.5 mm wide, bordered light to dark olivaceous (ca. 1 mm), with a whitish membranous or only membranous border 0.5–1.0 mm wide, margin often remotely denticulate, ciliate or glabrous, apex suffused purplish, with thick black horns usually 2–2.5 mm long; inner phyllaries usually of ± invariable width, 13–14 mm long, with dark horns ca. 1.0– 1.5 mm long. Outer ligules flat, faintly striped greyish outside, or almost unstriped, teeth dirty yellow, inner ligule teeth yellow. Pollen abundant, irregular in size. Stigmas pure yellow. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 4.4–4.7 × (1.0–) 1.1 mm, body subdensely covered with short but robust spinules in upper 1/3–1/4, subabruptly to gradually narrowing in subcylindrical cone (0.9–) 1.1–1.3 mm long, ca. 0.4 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally; beak 7.5–8.5 mm, pappus white, ca. 6.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 8, 9.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—It is similar to T. xanthellum, another species with yellow stigmas, but clearly differs in having outer phyllaries more numerous, of broadly ovate to ovate shape, with a well developed broad paler border, longer achenes with a longer subcylindrical cone, and a shorter beak.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:—For the time being, T. neoboreale is known from the broader vicinity of the origin of the Angara River at Lake Baikal. It grows in slopes and shallow depressions in a mosaic of semisteppe and shrubby vegetation.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Irkutsk Region, Lake Baikal, along a road near the village of Listvyanka and around the hill of Pik Cherskogo, 26 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cult. as JŠ 2706 (PRA, no. det. 37776) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF85FFA1FF78FA5E4DF7BFCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF8AFFAFFF78FF124D4AB980.text	0399F353FF8AFFAFFF78FF124D4AB980.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum compitale Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>4. Taraxacum compitale Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, distr. Šebalino, secundum viam publicam non procul a pago Topučaja, ca. 2000 m, 27 Jun 1988 , J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 165 (PRA, no. det. 35857, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—At the crossroads.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Plantae bene dignoscendae stigmatibus luteis vel sordide luteis, phyllariis erectis vel laxe adpressis (nec arcuato-patentibus), longioribus, et achenii corpore conspicue, longe spinuloso, in pyramidem subcylindricam subabrupte abeunte.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, relatively robust, usually 10–15 cm tall. Petiole usually suffused light brownish-purplish, narrowly to very broadly winged, sparsely arachnoid, tunic absent. Leaves slightly brownish green, often irregularly suffused purplish, later interlobes blotched or bordered brown-purple, blade oblong to oblong-oblanceolate in outline, usually 6–10 × (1.5–) 2–3 cm, very heterophyllous: some leaves often undivided, dentate, or shallowly pinnatilobed with 3–4 pairs of ± patent to forward-pointing deltoid to deltoid-triangular lobes, many leaves ± pinnatisect, with 3–5 pairs of ± patent (to ± forward-pointing) narrowly deltoid to very narrowly deltoid-triangular lateral segments, distal margin often concave, entire or very remotely denticulate (in proximal segments), proximal margin usually ± straight, entire; terminal segment relatively small, trilobed to tripartite, entire; interlobes distinct, usually 0.5–1.0 × 0.2–0.5 cm, often denticulate (and/or with a single thin lobule), often bordered or blotched brown-purple. Scapes brownish green, arachnoid or sparsely arachnoid, overtopping leaves, often growing from the centre of leaf rosette. Capitulum yellow to relatively light yellow, ca. 3.5 cm wide. Involucre olivaceous-green, ca. 9–11 mm wide and ± broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 12–17, ± erect to loosely appressed, ± not imbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually 7–10 × (2.5–) 3.0–4.0 (–4.5) mm, surface with a darker, blackish green middle strip ca. 1 mm wide, otherwise light olivaceous-green, border whitish-membranous, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, often bordered purplish inside, margin ± glabrous, apex with black-purple horns usually ca. 1.5 mm long; inner phyllaries dark olivaceous-green, often coalescing, 14–17 mm long, black corniculate. Outer ligules flat to canaliculate, striped greenish grey, or even blackish outside, teeth grey(-purple) from outside, yellow inside, inner ligule teeth ± yellow. Stigmas yellow, ± slightly dirty yellow, sometimes pale greyish yellow. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, usually 3.9–4.1 × 1.0– 1.1 mm, body ± densely covered with long distinct spinules and some squamules in upper 1/3–1/2, typically the cone base and the uppermost part of achene body with conspicuously long acuminate spinules to 0.4 mm long, usually subabruptly narrowing into a subcylindrical cone 0.6–0.8 mm long, ca. 0.35–0.40 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally; beak thin, 9.5–10.5 mm long, pappus white, 5–6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 3C, 10, 11.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—It differs from T. platycranum in erect to loosely appressed (vs. arcuate-patent to patent) outer phyllaries. The other taxa in the group with ± yellow stigmas have shorter and narrower outer phyllaries. Moreover, T. macroceras has a much shorter, conical cone.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from two localities (four cultivations) in the northern part of the Altai Republic (near Topuchaya and Khabarovka).</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] Gorno-Altaisk, Shebalino District, vicinity of Topuchaya village, 27 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 165 (PRA, no. det. 36754). – Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 3407 (PRA, no. det. 36752). – Ongudai District, Khabarovka, between the main road and Maly Iľgumen’ river, 29–30 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 182 (PRA, no. det. 36750). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 183 (PRA, no. det. 36748) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF8AFFAFFF78FF124D4AB980	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF8AFFABFF78F9884976BDAA.text	0399F353FF8AFFABFF78F9884976BDAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum platycranum Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>5. Taraxacum platycranum Dahlstedt (1930: 225)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamtchatka, Petropavlovsk [Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy], in marshy tundra, 10 Jun 1928, W. Eyerdam (S 10-40927!, holotype; LE, no. det. 6038, isotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Broadheaded (with a broad involucre).</p><p>Note:— The LE isotype, in addition to a standard transcribed label from the herbarium S, bears another, possibly an original Eyerdam’s field label with the date June 20, 1928 .</p><p>Plants robust, usually 15–25 cm tall. Petiole winged, ± purplish, subglabrous to sparsely arachnoid, tunic absent. Leaves ± mid-green, subglabrous, very sparsely arachnoid beneath, oblanceolate in outline, ca. (8–) 11–16 (–19) × 2.5–4.5 cm, pinnatipartite to pinnatisect, with 4–6 pairs of patent to recurved, triangular to deltoid-triangular, usually acuminate lateral segments, distal margin straight, convex or sigmoid, entire or with a few little teeth, proximal margin usually concave, entire; terminal segment broadly triangular to broadly helmet-shaped, usually entire; interlobed short; mid-vein usually purplish. Scapes brownish green, often slightly suffused purplish, sparsely arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 4 cm wide. Involucre deep olivaceous-green, 12–15 mm wide and truncate at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 12–15, erect-patent to arcuate-patent, subimbricate or not imbricate, ± ovate, ca. 8.5–10.0 × 3.0–4.5 (–6.0) mm, surface ± evenly olivaceous-green or dark so, with a relatively abrupt transition in a whitish-membranous border usually 0.5–1.0 mm wide, margin ± glabrous, apex with relatively small horns; inner phyllaries dark olivaceous-green, 12–16 mm, callose to corniculate, sometimes coalescing. Outer ligules ± flat, faintly striped greyish-pinkish outside, teeth dirty yellow. Stigmas ± yellow or dirty yellow. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes unknown. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 12.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The very robust growth of T. platycranum, the extremely broad, truncate involucre, erect-patent or arcuate patent large ovate outer phyllaries and ± yellow stigmas are diagnostic. The absence of pollen, reported in the protologue, is considered a mistake, as the LE isotype has anther tubes with irregular pollen grains.</p><p>Distribution:—This species is known from a single collection from the vicinity of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Kamchatka.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF8AFFABFF78F9884976BDAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF8EFFA8FF78FDA64C10BD84.text	0399F353FF8EFFA8FF78FDA64C10BD84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum macroceras Dahlstedt 1906	<div><p>6. Taraxacum macroceras Dahlstedt (1906: 15)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Sakha Republic] Lena, Bulun, Jul 1898, N. H . Nilsson (S, syntype, not located in S; cultivated, LD, no. det. 17835, pseudosyntype). – Bulkur, 26 Jun 1898, N. H . Nilsson (S, syntype, not located in S). – Kiisiu [probably Küsür, Kyusyur, cf. Hämet-Ahti 1970], 3 Aug 1901, A. K . Cajander (H, syntype, n. v., not located in H). – Tit-Ary et Tulach-Chaja, 11 Sep 1901, A. K . Cajander (H, syntype, n. v., not located in H) .</p><p>Etymology:—With large horns.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, to ca. 16 cm tall. Petiole narrowly winged or ± unwinged, often pinkish, tunic absent. Leaves ± light green, subglabrous, narrowly oblanceolate in outline, usually 7–11 × 1–2.5 cm, later leaves almost undivided, with acute, short lobules, to ca. 14 × 2.5 cm, early middle leaves pinnatisect, with 3–4 pairs of ± long, deltoid-triangular, ± patent, sometimes patent-subrecurved lateral segments, distal margin straight, entire or with 1–3 teeth, proximal margin straight, entire; terminal segment rhombic-triangular to triangular, ± entire, with patent short basal lobules (in later leaves, terminal segment elongated-triangular); interlobes distinct, ca. 0.5–1.0 × 0.2–0.4 cm, usually ± dentate; midvein often suffused pinkish. Scapes brownish green, ± arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 4–5 cm wide. Involucre ± deep olivaceous-green, 8–9 mm wide and ± rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 12–16, appressed to loosely appressed, ± not imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, some (inner) lanceolate, usually 6.0–7.5 (–8.0) × (2.5–) 3.2–3.5 mm, surface dark olivaceous-green to blackish green, with ± black middle line, slightly paler submarginal zone and with a very gradual, almost indistinct transition into a variably broad membranous border 0.3–0.8 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate distally, apex with dark horns 1–2 mm long; inner phyllaries deep olivaceous-green, ca. 12–13 mm long, corniculate. Outer ligules striped, sometimes faintly, pale greyish pink outside, teeth dirty yellow. Stigmas yellow or slightly dirty yellow. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 4.5 × 1.3–1.4 mm, body ± densely spinulose in upper 1/3, gradually narrowing in a short, conical cone ca. 0.5 mm long; beak thin, 9–10 mm long, pappus white, 6–7 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 13.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum macroceras is characterized by relatively numerous outer phyllaries with a border not very distinct but consistently present, membranous, 0.3–0.8 mm wide. Its achenes are thick (1.3–1.4 mm), a feature unknown in this group and rare in this section, and the cone is conical, short, ca. 0.5 mm long. Taraxacum lauriferorum is among its closest neighbours but the achenes are diagnostic (a short, ± conical cone in T. macroceras, a long, subcylindrical cone in T. lauriferorum). The main difference between T. xanthellum and T. macroceras consists in the shape and length of cone: conical, ca. 0.5 mm long in the latter, and thin, cylidrical, at least 0.7 mm long in the former.</p><p>Distribution:—The majority of syntypes, either in S, or in H, were not located. All of them were collected in the region of the lower Lena River, Sakha Republic.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Sakha Republic, Bulun District, lower stream of Olenek River (72°22’N), right bank near the mouth of Tas-Yuryakh River, 7 Aug 1960, B. A. Yurtzev (LE, photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF8EFFA8FF78FDA64C10BD84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF8DFF96FF78FE724AC0B8B0.text	0399F353FF8DFF96FF78FE724AC0B8B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum lauriferorum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>7. Taraxacum lauriferorum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamchatskyy krai, Bystrinskiy raion, k jugu ot vulkana <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.74306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.464783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.74306/lat 55.464783)">Ichinskaya Sopka</a>, dolina r. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.74306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.464783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.74306/lat 55.464783)">Ketachan</a> 1-yy [Bystrinskiy District, south of the Ichinskaya Volkano, valley of Ketachan the 1 st River], 55°27.887’N, 157°44.583’E, luzhaika u inspektorskogo domika, 582 m, 12 Aug 2017, V. V. Buryy T064 (PRA, no. det. 36920, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Of people bearing laurel wreaths.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Species ex affinitate Taraxaci macroceratis, foliis laete viridibus glaberrimis, scapis dense arachnoideis, phyllariis exterioribus laxe adpressis vel erecto-patentibus, late et conspicue albomarginatis apice corniculatis, acheniis ± angustis corpore sparse spinuloso-squamuloso in pyramidem subcylindricam, saepissime 1.0- 1.1 mm longam persensim transeunte notabilis.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, sometimes slender, usually 15–23 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, subglabrous among petiole bases; petiole narrowly winged in outer and middle leaves, ± unwinged in inner ones, suffused pink or pale purplish. Leaves vivid mid-green to ± light green, usually ± glabrous, occasionally with very sparsely scattered short arachnoid hairs, narrowly oblong-oblanceolate in outline, usually 9–15 × 1.0–2.5 (–3.0) cm, sometimes ± undivided and remotely sinuate-dentate, mostly pinnatisect; terminal segment relatively small, ± deltoid-triangular, margins ± straight, entire, basal lobules ± patent, less foten subrecurved; lateral segments in 3–4 pairs, triangular, narrowly triangular or triangular-deltoid, subrecurved to patent, distal margin usually subconvex or subsigmoid, often straight, rarely subconcave, usually entire, sometimes with a single little tooth, proximal margin ± straight, ± entire; interlobes distinct, green, entire or minutely denticulate; mid-vein usually pale green, sometimes slightly suffused pinkish. Scapes brownish green, later sometimes ± purplish, initially densely arachnoid, later sparsely so, ± equalling, later ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum golden yellow, usually 2–3 cm wide. Involucre ± olivaceous green to dark olivaceous, 8–9 mm wide and narrowly rounded to subobconical at base. Outer phyllaries (13) 14–15 (16), loosely appressed to erect-patent (forming a “star” around closed capitulum when viewed from above), subimbricate or not imbricate, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, usually 5.5–7.0 (–7.5) × 2.2–3.0 mm, surface deep greyish olivaceous-green to blackish olivaceous in the central part, rarely light olivaceous, the dark central band bordered by a light olivaceous-green zone ca. 0.5–0.8 mm wide, with a gradual transition into a whitish to whitish-membranous border 0.3–0.4 mm wide (when surface very dark, the border is limited to ca. 0.5 mm wide whitish zone), margins ± glabrous, apex blackish corniculate (sometimes suffused purple). Outer ligules flat to canaliculate, usually striped dark greenish grey-purple outside, teeth blackish, inner ligule teeth dirty yellow to greyish. Pollen abundant, conspicuously irregular in size. Stigmas deep yellow, usually not discoloured, sometimes slightly discoloured (faintly suffused light purplish) or very light discoloured (pale greenish yellow). Achenes light greyish olivaceous-stramineous brown, 3.8–4.4 × 0.8–1.0 mm, body sparsely but regularly covered with spinules or thin squamules in upper 1/3–1/2, very gradually narrowing into a subcylindrical cone 0.9–1.3 mm long, ca. 0.35–0.40 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally; beak thin, usually 10–12 mm long, pappus white, 6–7 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 14, 15.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—There are several Arctic and Kamchatka species with yellow or almost yellow stigmas. The closest one to T. lauriferorum is T. macroceras . The latter primarily differs from our species in its short, broadly conical cone, thicker achenes, its leaf shape and posture and coloration of outer phyllaries.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum lauriferorum is known from a series of gatherings in the central part of Kamchatka (Mil’kovskiy and Bystrinskiy districts). It is not a species of tundra, and occurs at elevations from 400 to 600 m.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Central Kamchatka] Mil’kovskiy District, between Mil’kovo and Shanuch, 55°19.543’N 158°02.749’E, 410 m, 12 Jun 2015, V. V. Buryy T062 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36922). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.69008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.92835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.69008/lat 55.92835)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, village of Esso, Sovkhoznaya Street, 55°55.600’N 158°42.740’E, 483 m, 2 Jun 2015, V. V. Buryy T043 &amp; T044 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36924); ibidem, V. V. Buryy T045 &amp; T046 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36926). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.69008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.92835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.69008/lat 55.92835)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, village of Esso, NW. margin of the village, 55°55.701’N 158°41.405’E, near R. Uksichan, 491 m, 4 Jun 2015, V. V. Buryy T048 &amp; T050 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36915) .</p><p>Species with white or yellowish white flowers</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF8DFF96FF78FE724AC0B8B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFB3FF97FF78FA984AABBE82.text	0399F353FFB3FF97FF78FA984AABBE82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum stepanovae Woroschilov 1972	<div><p>8. Taraxacum stepanovae Woroschilov (1972: 37)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA] Kamchatka, Olyutorskiy raion, Apuka, s. Zaozernoe, ... u morya [Olyutorskiy District, village of Apuka, settlement of Zaozernoe, by the sea], 20 May 1965, G. A. Belaya &amp; K. D. Stepanova (MHA, holotype, photo!) .</p><p>Etymology:—Named after an important botanist of Kamchatka, K. D. Stepanova (К. Д. Степанова), having dealt with the meadow vegetation since the 1960’s.</p><p>Plants delicate, relatively small, to ca. 12 cm tall. Petiole unwinged or very narrowly winged, usually suffused pink or purplish, tunic slightly developed. Leaves ± mid-green, usually with ± purplish mid-vein, glabrous, linear-oblong in outline, 0.6–2 × 6–10 cm, pinnatisect; terminal segment distinct, usually narrowly triangular-sagittate, sometimes ± narrowly triangular to tripartite, basal lobules usually recurved, sometimes ± patent, margins entire; lateral segments in 3–4 pairs, conspicuously recurved, in some leaves subpatent, usually linear-triangular to narrowly triangular, acuminate, most often entire, mid-vein usually pink or purplish; interlobes narrow, entire or with a single tooth or lobule. Scapes brownish green, often suffused pink, only sparsely arachnoid below capitulum, overtopping leaves. Capitulum white, ca. 3 cm wide. Involucre light green to dark olivaceous-green, 7–8 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually 9–12, appressed, subimbricate, usually broadly ovate, inner of them to lanceolate, usually 4–6 × 2–3 mm, usually with a blackish or black-green middle strip (usually to ca. 1 mm wide, sometimes to 1.8 mm wide), strip sometimes ± missing, with a gradual transition into a broad whitish-green zone, border whitish membranous, ca. 0.3 mm wide, apex with a black, relatively thin horn ca. 1.0– 1.5 mm long (the earliest capitula with phyllaries almost flat); rarely whole phyllary pale greenish, including horns; inner phyllaries ca. 11–12 mm long, usually ± linear, sometimes all pairs coalescing, then phyllaries broad, not numerous, apex corniculate. Outer ligules white, striped pink or grey-pink outside, teeth grey-purplish, inner ligule teeth ± dirty pinkish. Stigmas dark discoloured. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes ochraceous-reddish when immature, mature ones deep red-brown, ca. 4.5–4.8 × 1.0– 1.1 mm, body ± densely shortly spinulose and tuberculate in upper 1/3–1/5, ± gradually narrowing into a subconical cone 0.8–1.0 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick at base, ca. 0.4 mm distally; beak thin, 6–8 mm long, pappus white, ca. 6.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 16.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum stepanovae possesses a series of unusual, distinctive features, such as white flowers, red-brown achenes or broadly ovate, conspicuously and broadly bordered outer phyllaries with black horns. It is not close to any member of T. sect. Borealia known from Kamchatka, with the exception of T. albescens which is distinct in the patent, usually deltoid leaf lateral segments, and in its less conspicuous, narrower whitish border.</p><p>Distribution:—This very distinctive species is known from the northernmost Kamchatka, from two neighbouring districts, Olyutorskiy District and Karaginskiy District (it grows on Karaginskiy Island in the latter district).</p><p>Specimens examined (each specimen studied on multiple detailed photographs):— [RUSSIA] Kamchatka, Olyutorskiy District, southern foot of Mt. Ledyanaya, 12 Jul 1976, N . Gorshkov &amp; A . Kozhevnikov (LE, VLA). – Kamchatka, Karaginskiy District, Karaginskiy Island, Mt. Pereval, 22 Aug 1976, N . Gorshkov &amp; A . Kozhevnikov (LE). – Kamchatka, Olyutorskiy District, village of Apuka, settlement of Zaozernoe, by the sea], 13 May 1965, G. A . Belaya &amp; K . D. Stepanova (VLA). – Kamchatka, Olyutorskiy District, Vatyna Pass, Snegovoi Ridge, 700 m a.s.l., 12 Jul 1976, V . Barkalov &amp; A . Smirnov (VLA). – Olyutorskiy District, SW. of Mt. Mogolai (1632 m), valley of upper Apukvayam River, 8 Jul 1976, V . Barkalov &amp; A . Smirnov (VLA) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFB3FF97FF78FA984AABBE82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFB1FF94FF78FF124AABBBF5.text	0399F353FFB1FF94FF78FF124AABBBF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum anadyricum Tzvelev	<div><p>9. Taraxacum anadyricum Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 191)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Chukotka] In fluxu superiore fl. Anadyrj, montes Berezovskienses, ripa dextra fl. Kavraljanska infra ostium rivuli Berezovyj, in declivitate schistosa, 20 Jul 1982, V. Yu. Razzhivin (LE, no. det. 6136, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Anadyr, a town in the Anadyr Bay, Chukotka, or a river of the same name.</p><p>Plants relatively small, 6–15 cm, later up to 15 cm tall. Petiole purplish, narrowly winged, ± glabrous. Leaves ± mid-green, glabrous, narrowly oblanceolate, usually 3–6 × 0.8–1.3 cm, undivided, usually with 2–3 pairs of patent acute teeth or lobules, terminal part elongated, acute, mid-vein purplish. Scapes brownish green, suffused purplish, glabrous or distally with scattered arachnoid hairs, overtopping leaves, Capitulum white, ca. 2.5 cm wide. Involucre olivaceous-green, ca. 8 mm wide and narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries probably 10–13, ± appressed, ± imbricate, narrowly ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, ca. 4.5–6.0 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, surface deep olivaceous-green or dark so, often with a blackish middle line, border distinct, whitish-green, apex conspicuously corniculate, horns black-purple; inner phyllaries 10–14 mm long, corniculate. Outer ligules ± flat, faintly striped greyish pink or almost unstriped, ligule teeth deep grey, inner ligule teeth light greyish white. Stigmas discoloured, relatively dark. Pollen present, probably irregular in size. Ripe achenes ± grey-olivaceous, (4.3–) 4.7–4.9 × (1.1–) 1.3–1.5 mm, body densely and coarsely spinulose in upper 1/3–1/5, abruptly narrowing into a thick cylindrical cone (0.7–) 0.9–1.0 mm long, usually 0.5 mm thick at base, ca. 0.4 mm distally (or ca. 0.45 mm throughout); beak thin, ca. 9 mm long, pappus ± white, ca. 6.0– 6.5 mm long. – Fig. 17, 18.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum anadyricum is characterized by a relatively low growth, shallowly lobed leaves with distinct colours, and particularly by whitish flowers with dark stigmas, and deep grey-olivaceous achenes. Outer phyllaries of the holotype plants bear relatively large thick horns; these are almost missing from the paratype.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from two sites along the upper stream of the Anadyr River in Chukotka.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Chukotka] Upper Anadyr River, near the mouth of the Olenevoi Creek, 23 Jul 1982, V. Yu. Razzhivin (LE, no. det. 6053, paratype) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFB1FF94FF78FF124AABBBF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFB0FF92FF78FB0B4A89BD8E.text	0399F353FFB0FF92FF78FB0B4A89BD8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum albescens Dahlstedt 1926	<div><p>10. Taraxacum albescens Dahlstedt (1926b: 14)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] [transcribed label] Kamtchatka, in alpibus “Ganalski Ostraki” [a mountain range of Ганальские Bостряки, Ganalskie Vostryaki, in S. Kamchatka], П. Т. НОВОгРаБЛенОВ, no. 660 [on the original little label], 18 Jul 1924, P. T. Novograblenof (S 05-7617!, holotype) . - Ganalskie Vostryaki, na vershine u “Vostryakov”, 18 Jul 1924, P. T. Novograblenov 660 (LE, no. det. 7927, 17101, isotypes) .</p><p>Etymology:—Becoming white, whitening.</p><p>Plants small, to 4.5–5.5 cm tall, of ± robust appearance. Petiole narrowly winged, subglabrous, purplish, tunic absent. Leaves deep green to dark green, subglabrous, ± linear-oblong in outline, usually 3–4.5 (–5) × 0.6–1.4 cm, pinnatifid, with 3–5 pairs of ± approximated, regularly arranged, narrowly deltoid to narrowly deltoid-triangular, seldom deltoidsubhamate, subacute, entire lateral segments; terminal segment helmet-shaped-triangular, subobtuse to subacute, entire, with ± patent basal lobules; interloes short and broad, often with raised margin, entire or with a single tooth; mid-vein purplish. Scapes brownish green, usually suffused purplish, initially arachnoid, later sparsely so, subequalling leaves. Capitulum with almost white or slightly yellowish white outer rows of florets, pale (whitish-)yellowish inner florets, ca. 2–3 cm wide. Involucre blackish green, ca. 7.5–9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 9–12, appressed, imbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually 6.0–6.5 (–7.5) × (2.0–) 2.2–3.0 (–3.3) mm, surface mostly black-green, distally or wholly ± suffused purplish, with a ± gradual transition into a whitish-membranous (and purplish) border ca. 0.3–0.5 (–0.6) mm wide, margin ± glabrous, apex darker corniculate, with cornicles ca. 0.5 mm long. Outer ligules ± white, usually faintly striped pinkish grey or grey outside, teeth grey-purplish, inner ligule teeth dirty purplish. Stigmas discoloured. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light red-cinnamon when unripe, later red-brown to dark reddish brown, ca. 4.2–4.7 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, body subsparsely squamulose and spinulose in upper 1/3, gradually narrowing into a subconical to subcylindrical cone 0.8–0.9 mm long; beak 7–9 mm, pappus ± white, ca. 5.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 19, 20.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The peculiar floret colour (from almost white outer ligules to yellowish central ones) and the leaf shape are diagnostic. A detailed comparison with T. stepanovae is needed because of a rather incomplete material of T. albescens and a high overall similarity. Winged petioles, relatively broadly bordered and clearly corniculate outer phyllaries point to T. sect. Borealia. Taraxacum albescens, nevertheless, may represent an intermediate form with links to T. sect. Arctica.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from a locality in the southern part of Vostochnyi Range in southern Kamchatka, in Ganal’skiy Range (Ganal’skie Vostryaki), probably at the elevations between 1500 and 2000 m, and another site in the Bystrinskiy District of Kamchatka. Reported from numerous localities in Kamchatka (Tzvelev 1992) but the specimens so identified that were examined by us do not belong to T. albescens .</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, SW. of Ichinskaya Sopka volcano, vicinity of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.50076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.602116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.50076/lat 55.602116)">Dva Brata</a>, upper stream of R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.50076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.602116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.50076/lat 55.602116)">Rassoshina</a>, 55°36.127’N, 157°30.046’E, 1396 m, 8 Jul 2017, V. V. Buryy &amp; A. Lace T109, T111 &amp; T112 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36903) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFB0FF92FF78FB0B4A89BD8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFB7FF9EFF78FB7F4C60BF70.text	0399F353FFB7FF9EFF78FB7F4C60BF70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum candicans Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>11. Taraxacum candicans Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic, Ябоганский перевал] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, distr. Usť-Kan, secundum viarum in clausa mont. Jabaganskij Pereval, ca. 1500–1600 m, 27 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 192 (PRA, no. det. 35860, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Becoming whitish.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Species insignis calathiis pallide ochroleucis vel albescentibus, foliis angustis petiolis alatis, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus adpressis, ovatis, apice cornibus crassis atropurpureis praeditis, acheniis longe spinulosis corpore in pyramidem saepissime subconicam, 0.6–0.8 mm longam subsensim abeunte.</p><p>Plants small to medium-sized, usually 8–12 (–23) cm tall. Petiole light pinkish, narrowly winged, sparsely arachnoid, plant base without tunic. Leaves ± light green to light greyish green, mid-vein bordered purplish, blade sparsely arachnoid to subglabrous, narrowly oblong in outline, usually 8–12 (–22) × (1–) 1.5–2.5 (–3.5) cm, usually pinnatisect, sometimes to pinnatifid, with 4–6 pairs of usually patent, linear-triangular to narrowly triangular, conspicuously acuminate lateral segments, distal margin ± straight to sigmoid or concave, entire or with 1 (–2) sub-basal thin teeth, proximal margin convex or sigmoid, entire, terminal segment elongated, narrowly triangular to tripartite, lobes acuminate, entire, interlobes usually 2–5 mm wide, usually bordered dark purple or blotched, entire or with a single thin tooth or an acuminate lobule. Scapes light brownish green, sparsely arachnoid, densely so below capitulum, subequalling leaves. Capitulum slightly yellowish white to almost white, ca. 3 cm wide. Involucre green to dark green, ca. 9–10 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries (10) 11–14 (15), ± tightly appressed, subimbricate or not imbricate, ± ovate (the innermost ones narrowly ovate to ± lanceolate), (6.5–) 7.5–8.5 (–9.5) × (2.0–) 3.0– 4.3 mm, surface light green to dark green, border distinct, whitish membranous or whitish green, sometimes membranous, 0.3– 0.5 mm wide, with a purplish band bordering it inside, margins ± glabrous (or with occasional remote ciliae or with a few distal little teeth), apex usually with a thick, relatively short (0.5–1.0 mm) black-purple horn; inner phyllaries 12– 13 (–14) mm long, usually dark corniculate. Outer ligules flat to canaliculate, striped deep grey or pinkish grey outside, teeth dark grey, inner ligule teeth ± whitish yellow. Stigmas greyish green, with blackish pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown (with a stronger greyish hue), usually (3.5–) 3.8–4.2 (–4.5) × (0.9–) 1.0–1.1 (–1.1) mm, achene body subdensely covered with distinct, suberect to erect-patent, ± straight, relatively long spinules in upper 1/3, body subgradually to subabruptly narrowing into a broadly subcylindrical to ± conical cone (0.6–) 0.7–0.8 mm long, ca. 0.35–0.45 mm thick at base, 0.30–0.35 mm distally; beak thin (ca. 0.1 mm), 8–9 mm long, pappus white, 5.5–6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 3B, 21, 22.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—In its pale yellowish white flowers, T. candicans approaches T. sect. Leucantha, and its leaf shape also points to it. However, the ovate outer phyllaries with thick horns, achenes with a subconical cone, winged petioles and often a relatively robust general habit place T. candicans closer to T. sect. Borealia. The long acuminate lateral leaf lobes, and bordered to blotched interlobes are also diagnostic.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from the Yabaganskiy Pereval, the W. Altai.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] the W. Altai, Usť-Kan District, meadows in the Yabaganskii Pereval Pass, ca. 1500–1600 m, 27 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3328 (PRA, no. det. 36732). – Ibidem, a field gathering (PRA, no. det. 36730) .</p><p>Species with cone broadly conical, short, and leaves frequently undivided</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFB7FF9EFF78FB7F4C60BF70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFBBFF9CFF78FCD84A6EBB20.text	0399F353FFBBFF9CFF78FCD84A6EBB20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum peschkovae Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>12. Taraxacum peschkovae Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ Russia, Altai Republic] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, pars Ajgulakskij chrebet, distr. Usť-Ulagan, in pratis haud procul a lac. Mjortvyje Ozera, ad clausam mont. Ulaganskij Pereval, ca. 1850–1900 m, 2 Jul 1988 , J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 151 (PRA, no. det. 35855, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Named in honour of Galina Alexandrovna Peschkova [Галина Александровна Пешкова] (1930–2018), an outstanding Irkutsk and Novosibirsk botanist and an expert in the flora of south-central Siberia.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Species spectabilis, foliis semper indivisis irregulariter dentatis, petiolis late vel anguste alatis, stigmatibus atro-viridibus, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus laxe adpressis, lanceolatis, apice longissime atro-cornutis, et acheniis crassis, pyramide crassa, conica notabilis.</p><p>Plants relatively small but of robust appearance, ca. 8–13 cm tall. Petiole often suffused greyish purple, broadly to narrowly winged, sparsely arachnoid, tunic absent. Leaves deep green to dark green, sparsely arachnoid, later glabrescent, with brownish-purplish mid-vein, ± oblanceolate in outline, usually 7–9 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, not divided, irregularly dentate (little teeth mixed with short, patent triangular teeth, sometime also short lobules, apex of leaf blade ± acute. Scapes brownish green, often suffused purplish, sparsely arachnoid, ± equalling leaves, growing from outside the leaf rosette. Capitulum yellow, up to ca. 3.0– 3.5 cm wide. Involucre dark olivaceous-green, 9–10 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually 12–16, ± loosely appressed, ± not imbricate, ± lanceolate, 7.5–10 mm long including horns, 2.0– 2.8 mm wide, border membranous, 0.2–0.3 mm wide, with a very gradual and indistinct transition into a green zone, with a blackish green central band 0.3–0.5 mm wide, margin ± not ciliate, apex with extraordinarily long, either perpendicular or suberect, blackish green or blackish purple horns usually (1–) 3–5 mm long; inner phyllaries 11–14 mm long, usually not coalescing, corniculate or with black horns to 2 mm long. Outer ligules ± flat to canaliculate, narrow, striped light greyish pink outside, teeth black-purple, inner ligule teeth blackish purple. Stigmas greyish green, with dense black pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, (3.5–) 3.9–4.3 × (0.9–) 1.0– 1.3 mm, body subsparsely to subdensely covered with short spinules in upper 1/4–1/3, subgradually to gradually narrowing into a thick, conspicuously conical cone (0.3–) 0.4–0.5 (–0.6) mm long, ca. 0.5–0.6 mm thick at base, 0.4 mm distally; beak thin, 8.5–9.5 mm long, pappus white, ca. 6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 4C, 23, 24.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—This peculiar species is one of the few members of T. sect. Borealia with invariably undivided leaves. It usually has broadly winged petioles, and its relatively narrow, indistinctly bordered outer phyllaries with enormously long horns (3–5 mm), relatively thick achenes with ± subsparse short spinulosity and a gradual transition into a thick, short, broadly conical cone, are the main diagnostic features. Its closest neighbour, T. calens, has outer phyllaries of a broader shape, most of the middle leaves pinnatilobed to pinnatipartite, with blotched interlobes, and a much longer beak of the achenes.</p><p>Distribution:—Because of the very distinctive appearance, it was possible to identify this species not only from the Central Altai (Ulaganskiy Pereval) but also from the Kosh-Agach District of the East Altai, and from the adjacent Tuva Republic.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] Usť-Ulagan District, range of Aigulakskii Khrebet, meadows in the vicinity of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Myortvye Ozera</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Lakes</a>) near the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Ulaganskiy Pereval</a> pass, 1850–1900 m, 2 Jul 1988, J. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Kirschner</a>, cultivated as T 151 (PRA, no. det. 36746). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Ibidem</a>, cultivated as T 152 (PRA, no. det. 36744). – Altai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Kosh-Agach District</a>, the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Chikhachov Range</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">upper Karagai</a> R., ca. 50.02° N, 89.24° E, ca. 2245 m, 6 Aug 2002, I. Artemov 35 (NS 7133, photo!). – Altai Republic, Severo-Chuiskiy Range, ca. 12 km SW of Aktash, E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Eshtykol Brook</a>, 2400–2500 m, 50°13.7’N, 87°29’E, 9 Aug. 2003, A. Chlebicki, cult. as JŠ 7863 (PRA, no. det. 37794). – Ibidem, cult. as JŠ 7864 (PRA, no. det. 37796). – Tuva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Ulug-Khemskiy District</a>, the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">West Sayan</a>, Uyuk Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">upper Oorosh-Oimak River</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Mt. Vetrov</a>, 2100 m, 13 Jul 1975, M. Lomonosova &amp; V. Rogulin 868 (NS 42151, photo!). – Less certain identification:— Altai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">Kosh-Agach District</a>, Ukok Plateau, valley of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.03/lat 49.18)">upper Kalguta River</a>, 2410 m, 49.18° N, 88.03° E, 25 Jul 2002, I. Artemov 158/24 (NS 7134, photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFBBFF9CFF78FCD84A6EBB20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFB9FF9DFF78F82F4A7FBA67.text	0399F353FFB9FF9DFF78F82F4A7FBA67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum calens Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>13. Taraxacum calens Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:— KAZAKHSTAN. East Kazakhstan, Altai Mts., alpine grasslands near timberline, W of the valley of “Kurta” brook, ca. 17.5 km SSE of the village of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.6847&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.1513" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.6847/lat 49.1513)">Arshaty</a>, ca. 1950 m, 49.1513°N, 86.6847°E, 7 Jul 2006, P . Koutecký, cultivated as JŠ 8184, collected in 2008 (PRA, no. det. 37800, holotype; numerous isotypes in PRA) .</p><p>Etymology:—Derived from caleo, to burn, to flame.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Plantae heterophyllae, foliis saturate obscure viridibus, interlobiis conspicue maculatis, petiolis late alatis, phyllariis exterioribus atro-cornutis, membranaceo-marginatis, acheniis breviter squamulosis crassis, corpore in pyramidem conicam subabrupte abeunte, rostro longissimo, pappo brevi notabiles.</p><p>Plants medium sized, of subrobust appearance and a compact growth, usually 7–14 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, sparsely arachnoid among petiole bases; petioles winged to broadly winged, often suffused purplish along mid-vein. Leaves with a conspicuous heterophyly, ± dark green, initially arachnoid, later sparsely arachnoid at least along mid-vein, outer and middle leaves (those with well developed interlobes) conspicuously blotched brown-purple, oblong-lanceolate in outline (often distally narrower than in the middle), 6–12 × (1–) 2–2.5 (–3.5) cm, outer and most of middle leaves pinnatilobed to pinnatipartite, with 5–7 pairs of ± patent, deltoid lateral segments, distal margin usually straight to subconcave, entire or with 1–2 teeth, proximal margin ± straight, entire, apex acute to acuminate; terminal segment small, trilobed to tripartite, lobes acute, margin entire; interlobes broad, conspicuously irregularly blotched deep brown-purple, entire or with a few minute teeth; mid-vein usually slightly suffused brown-purple; inner leaves or leaves of side rosettes dentate or lobulate, lobules usually subrecurved, acute, surface not spotted. Scapes often growing outside the main rosette, arachnoid, brownish green or suffused bronze, subequalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, usually 3–4 cm wide. Involucre usually blackish green, 9–12 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 10–14, reaching ca. 2/3 of the inner, usually erect, some subappressed, some erect-patent, ± lanceolate, usually 9.0–10.5 × 2.8–4.2 mm, surface dark (blackish) olivaceous-green, with an almost black middle strip ca. 0.5 mm wide, bordered olivaceous, with a gradual transition into a membranous border 0.2–0.6 mm wide, margin ± not ciliate, apex dark, with a thick or thin horn usually 1–2 mm long; inner phyllaries of ± invariable width, 14–15 mm long, corniculate. Outer ligules flat, striped light grey to grey-olivaceous outside, teeth greyish, inner ligule teeth dirty yellow. Stigmas greenish, with a darker pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, usually (3.8–) 4.1–4.5 × (1.0–) 1.1–1.4 (–1.5) mm, body subsparsely to subdensely covered with short, sometimes subrobust squamules in upper 1/3, with a subabrupt transition into a subconical to conical cone 0.4–0.7 mm long, usually 0.5–0.6 mm thick at base, ca. 0.45–0.5 mm distally, beak thin, (10–) 12–14 mm long, pappus ± white, ca. 5.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 25, 26.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum calens is geographically and morphologically close to T. pingue, particularly in having similar outer phyllaries and achenes. The comparison is difficult because the latter name is based on rather scanty material with imperfectly ripe achenes. However, T. calens has less numerous, erect outer phyllaries, less dark stigmas, a shorter cone, a very long beak and a shorter pappus. We should mention a very different leaf shape, but the scanty material of T. pingue does not suffice to consider this feature as fully reliable. The conspicuous difference in flower colour (whitish in T. pingue) may be important, provided that it is confirmed by new collections in the Saur Mts.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:—It is known from a series of gatherings in the Kazakhstan part of the Altai Mts., growing there around 2000 m in subalpine meadows.</p><p>Specimens examined:— KAZAKHSTAN. East Kazakhstan, Altai Mts., alpine grasslands near timberline, W of the valley of “Kurta” brook, ca. 17.5 km SSE of the village of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.6847&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.1513" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.6847/lat 49.1513)">Arshaty</a>, ca. 1950 m, 49.1513°N, 86.6847°E, 7 Jul 2006, P. Koutecký, cult. as JŠ 8186 (PRA, no. det. 37804). – Ibidem, cult. as JŠ 8202 (PRA, no. det. 37802). – Ibidem, cult. as JŠ 8185 (PRA, no. det. 37806) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFB9FF9DFF78F82F4A7FBA67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFB8FF98FF78F9D34D26BEF0.text	0399F353FFB8FF98FF78F9D34D26BEF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum pingue Schischkin 1937	<div><p>14. Taraxacum pingue Schischkin (1937: 3)</p><p>Type:—[Kazakhstan] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.07&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.27" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.07/lat 47.27)">Semipal. obl.</a> [= Semipalatinsk Region], Zaisans. u. [= Zaisan District], Saur, pereval Taz [Taz Pass, ca. 47.27 N, 85.07 E], 21 July 1914 [= 2 August 1914 of the modern calendar], B. Schischkin &amp; V. Genina s.n. (holo: LE, no.det. 6502) .</p><p>Etymology:—Fat, thick.</p><p>Plants ± robust, 5–10 cm tall. Petiole usually suffused pinkish, winged, base arachnoid.Leaves mid-green, ± oblanceolate to narrowly ovate, 4–8 × 1.0– 2.5 cm, sparsely arachnoid, undivided and dentate to remotely shallowly lobulate, midvein pale purplish but distally green; interlobes not developed; leaf apex subobtuse to acute. Scapes brownish green, subequaling leaves, arachnoid. Capitulum probably ± white, 3–4 cm wide. Involucre ca. 11–12 mm wide, base rounded. Outer phyllaries 13–19, ± loosely appressed, not imbricate, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, largest ones 5–11 × 2.0– 3.5 mm and ca 3/5 as long as inner ones, ± blackish green with a whitish-membranous border to 0.5 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate to glabrous, apex with a conspicuous thick horn; inner phyllaries blackish, 13–19 mm, corniculate below apex. Ligules white (but see note below); outer ligules flat, outside striped light greyish purple. Stigmas blackish green. Anthers polliniferous; pollen grains irregular in size. Achene light stramineous-coloured brown, 4.5–4.8 × ca. 1 mm; body subsparsely spinulose above, subabruptly narrowing into a thick conical cone 0.7–0.8 mm long; beak 6.5–8.0 mm. Pappus ± white, ca. 8 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 27.</p><p>Note:—We include T. pingue, a species described from the Kazakh-Chinese border, because it is relatively close geographically to the study area, and because it was reported to occur in the Tuva Republic (Krasnikov 1997).</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The quite numerous (13–19), relatively narrow outer phyllaries with large thick horns at the apex, and the white flower colour are diagnostic. The thick conical cone 0.7–0.8 mm long, a feature of the core of T. sect. Borealia, is also remarkable.</p><p>It should be added that there is no note on the flower colour on the labels of the type, and the only specimen was collected more than 20 years before the name publication, and in many old specimens the flower colour gets paler. However, B. K. Schischkin was one of the collectors, and we therefore accept the white flower colour as a proven fact .</p><p>Distribution:—Known with certainty from the type collection only; the type herbarium sheet bears a single plant with one head in full blossom, and another one with early fruits.</p><p>The group of species with very narrow, erect-patent to erect outer phyllaries and pinnatisect leaves</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFB8FF98FF78F9D34D26BEF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFBDFF98FF78FD584D77BBA8.text	0399F353FFBDFF98FF78FD584D77BBA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum acricorne Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>15. Taraxacum acricorne Dahlstedt (1930: 220)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamtchatka, Petropavlovsk [Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy], “Signal Hill”, 25 Jun 1928, W. Eyerdam (S 05-7559!, holotype; LE, no. det. 6140, isotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—With horns at an apical position.</p><p>Plants small but of robust appearance, to ca. 12 cm tall. Petiole winged to narrowly winged, usually suffused pinkish, tunic absent. Leaves ± mid-green, subglabrous, narrowly oblong in outline, usually 6–10 × 1.4–2.3 cm, pinnatifid to pinnatisect, with 3–4 pairs of narrowly deltoid-triangular to linear-triangular, patent to ± recurved lateral segments, distal margin straight to ± concave, usually with a single little tooth or a shallow incision, or entire, proximal margin ± straight, entire; terminal segment triangular to trilobed, entire, with patent basal lobules; interlobes relatively long, entire or with a single thin tooth; mid-vein light green. Scapes brownish green, arachnoid, ± equalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, 3.0– 3.5 cm wide. Involucre dark olivaceous-green, 8–9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries (11) 13–15, some appressed, most of them loosely appressed to erect, ± not imbricate, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, ca. 7.0–9.5 × (1.8–) 2.0– 2.7 mm, usually with a thin black-green middle line, deep olivaceous-green, with a very gradual transition into a paler (gradually to membranous) border 0.4–0.7 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate distally, apex with purplish black-green, thin, perpendicular to suberect horns 1.0– 1.5 mm long; inner phyllaries 13–16 mm long, narrow, ± not coalescing, apex ± corniculate. Outer ligules ± canaliculate, striped grey or very faintly grey outside. Stigmas discoloured, green-yellow. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes (no. det. 37798) light greyish stramineous-brown, 3.9–4.2 × ca. 0.9 mm, body subdensely to densely covered with erect-patent narrow squamules (up to ca. 0.3 mm long), subgradually to gradually narrowing into a subcylindrical cone ca. 0.5–0.7 × 0.3 mm, beak 9.5–11.0 mm, pappus white, ca. 5.0– 5.5 mm. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 28, 29.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum acricorne is distinct in having narrow, loosely appressed to erect, relatively broadly but inconspicuously bordered outer phyllaries with thin, long horns. It is similar to T. leptoceras which has darker, spotted or blotched leaves, narrower border to outer phyllaries, and usually erect-patent to erect-arcuate outer phyllaries. However, in the absence of achenes, and with rather scanty material to be compared, the taxonomic identity of the names T. acricorne and T. leptoceras cannot be excluded. Taraxacum perdecorum differs from T. acricorne in blotched interlobes, usually yellow stigmas and a broadly conical cone.</p><p>There are another two gatherings tentatively included under the umbrella of T. acricorne . One comes from Kamchatka, the other from Ongudai District, the Altai Republic. The achene description is based on the latter, cultivated sample (no. det. 37798), and the achenes are ± close to those of T. leptoceras .</p><p>Distribution:—Known from a locality near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy and from Bystrinskiy District, both Kamchatka. Krasnikov (1997) reported its occurrence from a number of regions but a revision of these records is needed. There is a gathering from the Altai that is close to T. acricorne, and we give it for further study.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, SE. of Ichinskaya Sopka volcano, valley of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.93896&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.649315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.93896/lat 55.649315)">Babav</a> R., 55°38.959’N, 157°56.338’E, 881 m, 15 Jul 2015, V. V. Buryy T097 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36928). – Less certain identification :— Altai Republic, Ongudai District, 13 km WSW of the village of Belyy Bom, Shirlak Waterfall, 50°20’38.4’ N, 87°13’16.1’ E, 950 m, 25 Jul 2011, J. Danihelka, cult. as JŠ 9683 (PRA, no. det. 37798) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFBDFF98FF78FD584D77BBA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFBCFF86FF78F94F4CB1BB0F.text	0399F353FFBCFF86FF78F94F4CB1BB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum ochotense Woroschilov 1967	<div><p>16. Taraxacum ochotense Woroschilov (1967: 9)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, The Far East] Regio Chabarovskensis, Ajan, in glareosis litoralibus, 7 Aug 1962 , V. N. Woroschilov 11071 (LE, no. det. 6040, holotype; isotype: MHA, photo!) .</p><p>Etymology:—Named after the Sea of Okhotsk, a sea between Kamchatka and the Kuriles in the SE, Sakhalin on the west, and the Siberian coast (Magadan and Khabarovsk Regions).</p><p>Plants relatively small, to ca. 10 cm tall. Petiole ± unwinged, with faintly purplish mid-vein, tunic ± absent. Leaves light green to mid-green, with green to slightly pinkish mid-vein, narrowly oblong in outline, usually 5–6 × 1.0– 1.5 cm, pinnatisect, terminal segment ± triangular, apex subobtuse, distal margins ± entire, subconcave to concave, basal lobules ± obtuse, subrecurved, convex, entire, lateral segments in 3–4 pairs, patent to subrecurved, apex subobtuse or obtusely acute, rarely acuminate, distal margin usually subconvex, sometimes ± concave, entire or with a single little tooth, proximal margin most often subconvex, entire, sometimes with a single tooth near the base; interlobes distinct 2–3 (–4) mm wide, entire or with a single tooth. Scapes brownish green, ± arachnoid below capitulum, subequalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3 cm wide. Involucre dark or blackish olivaceous-green, ca. 8 mm wide and ± rounded at base. Outer phyllaries probably 9–11, arcuate-patent to arcuate-subrecurved, not imbricate, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, ca. 5–7 × 1.7–2.4 mm, relatively light olivaceous-green with a darker middle part, border sometimes not distinct, usually visible, ± pale greenish-membranous, ca. 0.2–0.4 mm wide, margin often minutely remotely denticulate, apex corniculate, horns to 0.5 mm long; inner phyllaries ca. 13–15 mm long. Outer ligules flat, striped grey or grey-green outside, teeth dark grey. Stigmas dark discoloured, greenish grey. Pollen present, pollen grains probably irregular in size. Achenes grey-olivaceous, later dark grey, ca. 5.0–5.3 × 1.2–1.3 mm, body densely and conspicuously covered by a mix of coarse, curved spinules and shorter spinules and squamules, ± abruptly narrowing into a cylindrical or subcylindrical cone 0.8–1.0 × 0.35–0.40 mm; beak thin, ca. 8 mm long or longer at full maturity; pappus ± white, 6.0– 6.5 mm long. – Fig. 30.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum ochotense is a rather marginal member of T. sect. Borealia (unwinged petioles, outer phyllaries arcuate-patent, rather slender growth). The relatively robust achenes and conspicuously corniculate outer phyllaries place T. ochotense in this section. Because of the apparent similarity we compare T. ochotense with our T. perdecorum . Relatively dark, grey-olivaceous achenes, shorter and relatively broader, more broadly bordered outer phyllaries, and dark discoloured stigmas are diagnostic of T. ochotense .</p><p>Distribution:—Known only from the coastal vicinity of the Ayan town, Khabarovsk region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFBCFF86FF78F94F4CB1BB0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFA2FF82FF78FBA448A6BA46.text	0399F353FFA2FF82FF78FBA448A6BA46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum perdecorum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>17. Taraxacum perdecorum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, distr. Šebalino, secundum viam publicam non procul a pago Topučaja, ca. 2000 m, 27 Jun 1988 , J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3407 (PRA, no. det. 35992, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Extremely elegant, very graceful.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Species spectabilis, bene dignoscenda foliis pallide viridibus lobis lateralibus patentibus, interlobiis saepissime subtus maculatis, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus angustissimis, plerumque lineari-lanceolatis, marginibus indistinctis angustis, apice corniculatis vel cornibus nigrescentibus praeditis, acheniis ± gracilibus et pyramide brevi, crassa, conica.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, to 11–15 cm tall. Petiole light green, sometimes suffused pinkish, sparsely arachnoid, broadly winged to winged in outer leaves, ± unwinged in inner ones, tunic absent. Leaves light green to vivid green, sparsely arachnoid adaxially, later ± glabrescent, mid-vein green or faintly purplish, blade oblong-oblanceolate in outline, usually 6–9 × 1.5–2.5 cm, pinnatipartite to pinnatisect; terminal segment ± deltoid or flat triangular, distal margin concave or straight, entire, proximal margin subconvex, entire; lateral segments in 3–4 pairs, perfectly patent, deltoid-triangular, narrowly deltoid or linear-deltoid, distal margin straight or subconcave, entire, rarely with a few minute teeth, proximal margin usually straight, entire; interlobes distinct, entire or with a single tooth or lobule, abaxially often bordered or blotched brownish purple. Scapes light brownish green, very sparsely arachnoid or (later) glabrous, equalling or ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, usually 3.0– 3.5 cm wide. Involucre deep olivaceous-green or dark olivaceous-green, ca. (8–) 9–10 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 12–16, inserted loosely from one another, not imbricate, erect-patent, linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, usually 7–9 × (1.3–) 2.2–2.9 mm, ± evenly olivaceous-green to blackish olivaceous-green, sometimes with a thin black middle line, border not distinct, often suffused purplish, usually (whitish) membranous, to 0.1 mm wide (rarely to 0.2–0.3 mm at the very base of the phyllary), margin glabrous or very sparsely ciliate distally, apex corniculate, in later capitula with thin or thick black horns to 2 mm long; inner phyllaries 11–15 mm long, dark olivaceous-green, corniculate or flat. Outer ligules ± canaliculate to flat, striped blackish or blackish green or blackish-purplish, teeth dark, inner ligule teeth yellow or greyish yellow. Stigmas ± yellow or dirty yellow or light greyish yellow. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish (light) stramineous-brown, ± slender, (3.2–) 3.3–3.7 (–4.1) × 0.7–0.8 (–0.9) mm, body subsparsely spinulose and squamulose in upper 1/4–1/5, gradually narrowing into a thick conical cone (0.3–) 0.4–0.6 mm long, ca. 0.4 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally; beak thin (ca. 0.1 mm), ca. 9–10 mm long, pappus white, 5.5–6.0 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 4B, 31, 32.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—When reaching the Altai Mts., JK was very surprised to see the local meadow dandelion flora dominated by a previously unknown form, distinct in having very narrow, straight, erect, erect-patent to ± patent outer phyllaries, often blotched interlobes, long, usually patent leaf lateral segments and other remarkable features. Later, this entity turned out to be composed of three species (also T. leptoceras and T. peracre), but T. perdecorum remained one of the most conspicuous and widespread taxa in the Altai. Within the group of T. perdecorum – T. ochotense, this species is characterized by erect-patent, very narrow outer phyllaries, leaves with mostly deltoid and entire segments, paler stigmas and the short, conical cone. In its leaf shape, T. perdecorum approaches T. shumushuense Kitamura (1933: 124), a species ± intermediate between T. sect. Borealia and T. sect. Mongolica, described from the Kuriles. These two species substantially differ in outer phyllaries (of a very broad shape in T. shumushuense) and achene features (achenes thick, with a longer cone in T. shumushuense). When T. perdecorum is compared with T. acricorne, its blotched interlobes and broadly conical cone are diagnostic.</p><p>Distribution:— Taraxacum perdecorum obviously is among the most frequent and the most widely distributed dandelions in the Altai. It was documented from more than a dozen sites across the whole Altai, from the Usť-Kan District in the west to the Ongudai District in the east. Moreover, in the west, it reaches also the part of the Altai situated in Kazakhstan. It grows in various ± humid meadows and in the subalpine vegetation, and along rivers.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] Gorno-Altaisk, Shebalino District, vicinity of Topuchaya village, 27 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3407 (PRA, no. det. 35994). – W. Altai, Usť-Kan District, meadows in the Yabaganskii Pereval Pass, ca. 1500–1600 m, 27 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 216 (PRA, no. det. 35996). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 41 (PRA, no. det. 35991). – Ibidem (PRA, no. det. 35798). – Altai Mts., the Kurai Range [Kuraiskiy Khrebet], slopes of Mt. Aktash, 2600–3050 m, 3–4 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3377 (PRA, no. det. 35987). – Usť-Ulagan District, dry sites along the road in the vicinity of Aktash village, 2 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 81 (PRA, no. det. 35989). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 80 (PRA, no. det. 35796). – Gorno-Altaisk, Shebalino District, along the river Sema in the vicinity of Cherga, 24–25 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3318 (PRA, no. det. 33409). – Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 3317 (PRA, no. det. 33413). – Shebalino District, sandy shores of Katun River near Usť-Sema village, 26 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3323 (PRA, no. det. 33411). – Ongudai District, valley of the river Chuya, meadows and slopes near the mouth of the Ai-Gulak River, ca. 1050 m, 2 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 74 (PRA, no. det. 33415). – Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 3355 (PRA, no. det. 35775). – Ongudai District, grasslands, semisteppe sites and gravelly banks in the vicinity of the confluence of rivers Katun’ and Chuya, 1 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3348 (PRA, no. det. 35792). – Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 3349 (PRA, no. det. 35795). – Ongudai District, meadows ca. 10 km to south-east of Iodro, ca. 950m, 1 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3350 (PRA, no. det. 35773). – Usť-Ulagan District, range of Aigulakskii Khrebet, meadows in the vicinity of Myortvye Ozera (Lakes) near the pass Ulaganskiy Pereval, 1850–1900 m, 2 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 54 (PRA, no. det. 35789). – Shebalino District, semi-steppe sites below the village of Akťyol, 800–900 m, 25 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 65 (PRA, no. det. 35791). – Ongudai District, Khabarovka, between the main road and Maly Iľgumen’ river, 29–30 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 58 (PRA, no. det. 35802). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 60 (PRA, no. det. 35800). – Ongudai District, meadows in the vicinity of Seminskiy Pereval [pass], ca. 1760 m, 27 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3327 (PRA, no. det. 35804). – Ongudai District, Kupchegen’, Bol’shoi Iľgumen’ Valley, valley bottom ca. 5.5 km WNW of the village, 50°38”25’ N, 86°21”07’ E, 1001 m, 5 Aug 2011, J. Danihelka, cult. as JŠ 9697 (PRA, no. det. 37768). – Less certain identification :— KAZAKHSTAN. East Kazakhstan, the Altai Mts., banks of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.3672&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.4425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.3672/lat 49.4425)">Berel</a> R., by a bridge ca. 1.6 km ESE of Yazovka, ca. 1200 m, 49.4425°N, 86.3672°E, 26 Jun 2006, P. Koutecký, cult. as JŠ 8182 (PRA, no. det. 37808). – Ibidem, cult. as JŠ 8181 (PRA, no. det. 37810) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFA2FF82FF78FBA448A6BA46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFA7FF83FF78F9B24A7FB9BA.text	0399F353FFA7FF83FF78F9B24A7FB9BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum leptoceras Dahlstedt 1926	<div><p>18. Taraxacum leptoceras Dahlstedt (1926b: 5)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA] Kamchatka, Petropavlovsk [Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy], 1 Jun 1921, E. Hultén (S 12-27582!, syntype) . – V. Komarov, Iter Kamczaticum I., verkhnee ozero Petropavlovskogo ot. [upper Petropavlovsk Lake], 31 May 1908 [13 Jun 1908, modern calendar] V. P. Savich 15 (LE, no. det. 6083, syntype) . – Kamchatka, g. Petropavlovsk [Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy], koshka verkhnego ozera, 31 May 1908 [13 Jun 1908, modern calendar] V. P. Savich (LE!, isosyntype) . – Kamchatka, Avachinskaya guba, na peschano-galechnoi kos’e otdelyayushchei Verkhnee ozero Petropavlovska ot morya [on the sandy-gravelly spit dividing the Upper Petropavlovsk Lake from the sea], V. Komarov, Iter Kamczaticum I., 31 May 1908 [13 Jun 1908, modern calendar] V. P. Savich (MW, no. det. 20475, isosyntype) .</p><p>Etymology:—From Greek words, leptós – thin, slender, and latinized Greek word kéras, horn.</p><p>Note:—We have examined the whole original material of the name T. leptoceras, and also studied an additional, very well developed authentic specimen (Dahlstedt 1930, collected by R. Malaise in 1928). The main problem is that achenes are lacking from the above material, and it is therefore difficult to equate our material with the authentic specimens without doubts. The OM, moreover, may be heterogeneous. Our plants are extremely close to the R. Malaise gathering, and we therefore include them in T. leptoceras sensu lato . The description is compiled on the basis of our gatherings, taking the authentic specimens into account.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, 10–15 cm tall. Petiole deep purple, ± sparsely arachnoid, narrowly winged to ± unwinged, tunic absent. Leaves dark green, usually with dirty pinkish mid-vein, usually dark blotched and irregularly spotted on interlobes, ± oblanceolate in outline, usually 6–11 × 1.5–4.0 cm; terminal segment usually ± tripartite to trilobed, with distal part acute, narrowly triangular to lingulate, basal lobules ± patent, acuminate, narrowly triangular, distal margin concave, ± entire or with a single tooth (in the innermost leaves, terminal segment triangular, acute, often with asymmetrical incisions), proximal margin ± straight, entire; lateral segments in 3–5 pairs, usually patent, seldom subrecurved or pointing forward, linear-triangular to narrowly triangular, frequently narrowing from a broad base into a sublinear, acuminate distal part, distal margin subconcave or sigmoid, entire or with 1–2 perpedicular filiform teeth, proximal margin ± straight, entire; interlobes long, distinct, usually 2–7 × 2–3 mm, usually with sparse thin teeth, surface adaxially blotched dark brown-purple, often also with irregular elongated spots; inner leaves generally more conspicuously filiform dentate and lobulate. Scapes arachnoid to subglabrous, brownish green, usually ± equalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, 3–4 cm wide. Involucre dark or blackish olivaceous-green, 8–10 mm wide and ± rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 12–16, erect, erect-patent to arcuate-patent, linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, usually 8–10 × 2–3 mm, surface usually evenly dark olivaceous-green, but not rarely with a pale greenish border zone in proximal part of phyllary, otherwise border almost invisible, membranous, ca. 0.1 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate distally, apex usually with a blackish cornicle or a short horn to ca. 1 mm long. Inner phyllaries dark olivaceous-green, usually 12–14 mm long, not coalescing, apex usually corniculate. Outer ligules flat, striped ± grey outside, teeth grey-yellow, inner ligule teeth yellow to dirty yellow. Stigmas ± light greenish with dark pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown (more greyish than in other taxa of this group), ca. 3.6–4.0 (–4.3) × 0.8–0.9 (–1.0) mm, body ± densely spinulose in upper 1/3, ± subabruptly narrowing into a cylindrical to subcylindrical cone 0.5–0.7 (–0.9) × 0.25–0.30 mm; beak ca. 9 mm long, pappus white, ca. 5.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 3F, 33.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum leptoceras is relatively close to T. perdecorum as they share most of the characters of outer phyllaries. The former is readily distinguished by a longer, subcylindrical cone, different leaf shape and colour (darker leaf blade colour, with spotted to blotched interlobes), and darker stigmas. Another similar taxon is T. acricorne . The latter has ± loosely appressed outer phyllaries with a paler border 0.3–0.4 mm wide, and its leaves are not so deep green and lack brown-purple spots. Both from T. perdecorum and from T. peracre, T. leptoceras can be distinguished on the basis of achene characters. The ± cylindrical, longer cone and a subabrupt cone/body transition are diagnostic. However, the heterogeneous or otherwise inadequate original material and the lack of achenes in it make it difficult to evaluate the whole material in a responsible way.</p><p>Distribution:— Taraxacum leptoceras was collected in the City of Novosibirsk, in the vicinity of Petropavlosk Kamchtskiy, and at two alluvial sandy sites in the Altai.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Central Siberia, city of Novosibirsk, quarter of Akademgorodok, lawns in the vicinity of “Dom Uchonykh” hotel [Дом ученых], 21 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 83 (PRA, no. det. 35988, 36725). – Southern Kamchatka, Savoiko, 12 Jun 1928, R. Malaise (S 10-39688!). – Gorno-Altaisk, Shebalino District, along the river Sema in the vicinity of Cherga, 24–25 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3321 (PRA, no. det. 36729). – Shebalino District, sandy shores of Katun River near Usť-Sema village, 26 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3323 (PRA, no. det. 36727) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFA7FF83FF78F9B24A7FB9BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFA6FF81FF78F9964CD7B8FF.text	0399F353FFA6FF81FF78F9964CD7B8FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum peracre Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>19. Taraxacum peracre Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, pars Ajgulakskij chrebet, distr. Usť-Ulagan, in pratis haud procul a lac. Mjortvyje Ozera, ad clausam mont. Ulaganskij Pereval, ca. 1850–1900 m, 2 Jul 1988 , J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 55 (PRA, no. det. 35990, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Very acute (shape of leaf segments).</p><p>Diagnosis:— Taraxaci perdecori affine sed segmentis foliorum lateralibus recurvatis, numerosis, anguste acuminatis, dentatis vel incisis, stigmatibus obscurioribus, phyllariis exterioribus ± adpressis vel erectis notabile.</p><p>Plants small to medium-sized, usually to 12–14 cm tall. Petiole purplish to brownish-purple, ± sparsely arachnoid, narrowly winged to ± unwinged, tunic absent. Leaves ± mid-green, mid-vein usually suffused brownish purple, surface often irregularly spotted or blotched, oblong-oblanceolate in outline, conspicuously pinnatisect, usually with 5–7 pairs of narrow, linear-triangular to narrowly triangular, recurved or patent, acute to acuminate lateral segments, distal margin ± straight, remotely dentate, teeth filiform, or with an incision forming elongated acuminate lobule, proximal margin ± straight, entire, some, usually the outermost leaves with patent, linear, entire segments; terminal segment most often with an elongated, narrowly triangular to lingulate terminal part and patent, acute, narrowly triangular basal lobules, terminal part sometimes constricted or with a pair of large teeth, otherwise entire; interlobes usually bordered, with several distinct teeth or thin lobules. Scapes brownish green, usually suffused reddish, ± arachnoid, ± equalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, 2.5–3.5 cm wide. Involucre olivaceous-green or dark so, ca. 9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 11–13, appressed or loosely appressed to erect, later erect, not imbricate, usually narrowly lanceolate, usually (6.5–) 7.5–8.5 × (2.0–) 2.4–3.0 (–3.3) mm, surface evenly light to blackish olivaceous-green, border usually indistinct, narrow, ca. 0.1 mm wide (and bordered purplish inside), sometimes 0.3–0.4 mm wide, margin ± glabrous, apex corniculate, in later capitula with distinct horns, usually 1–1.5 mm long; inner phyllaries usually 13–14 mm long, olivaceous-green, flat to corniculate. Outer ligules ± flat, striped grey-purple outside, teeth black-purple, inner ligule teeth yellow-purplish. Stigmas light yellowish green or light greenish, with grey pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, 3.0–3.2 (–3.5) × 0.9–1.0 mm, body ± densely and shortly spinulose and squamulose in upper 1/4, gradually narrowing into a broadly conical cone 0.5–0.6 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally, beak ± thin, ca. 6.0– 7.5 mm long, pappus white, 6–6.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 4A, 34, 35.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The thick, short, conical cone is a feature shared by T. perdecorum and T. peracre, and separating this species pair from the rest of the group of T. ochotense – T. perdecorum . Taraxacum peracre is distinguished by appressed to erect outer phyllaries and relatively numerous, recurved to patent, linear, linear-triangular or very narrowly triangular, acuminate leaf lateral segments. This leaf shape is unique in T. sect. Borealia in the whole of Asiatic Russia.</p><p>Distribution:—Although not so common as T. perdecorum, T. peracre is relatively widely distributed in the Altai, mainly in the mountains of the central Altai. It was repeatedly collected at various sites near the Ulaganskiy Pereval and around Mt. Aktash in the Kurai Range.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] Usť-Ulagan District, range of Aigulakskii Khrebet, meadows in the vicinity of Myortvye Ozera ( Lakes) near the pass Ulaganskiy Pereval, 1850–1900 m, 2 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 55 (PRA, no. det. 36740). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 46 (PRA, no. det. 36738). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 47 (PRA, no. det. 36737). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 48 (PRA, no. det. 36735). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 49 (PRA, no. det. 36733). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 56 (PRA, no. det. 36731). – The Altai Mts., Usť-Ulagan District, the Kurai Range [Kuraiskiy Khrebet], slopes of Mt. Aktash, 2600 m, 3 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 214 (PRA, no. det. 36736). – Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 3377 (PRA, no. det. 36734). – Gorno-Altaisk, Shebalino District, along the river Sema in the vicinity of Cherga, 24–25 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3317 (PRA, no. det. 35797) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFA6FF81FF78F9964CD7B8FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFA4FF8AFF78FB5A4BB3BACC.text	0399F353FFA4FF8AFF78FB5A4BB3BACC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum seminudum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>20. Taraxacum seminudum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA] Sibiria merid., urbs Bratsk, ad ripam sinistram lacus structilis “Bratskoe More”, ca. 10 km situ a vallo, ad marg. partis centralis urbis Bratsk, haud procul a deversorio “Bratsk”, 27–28 Oct 1985, J . Kirschner &amp; J . Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 2597 (PRA, no. det. 35973, holotype; isotypi: PRA) .</p><p>Etymology:—Almost glabrous, half-naked.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Plantae foliis glabrescentibus, lobis interlobiisque integerrimis, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus numerosis, anguste lanceolatis vel lanceolatis apice saepissime corniculatis, cornutis in capitulis posterioribus, marginibus fere invisibilibus, glabris, stigmatibus obscure coloratis, acheniis pallide griseo-stramineis, corpore superne subdense spinuloso spinulis crassiusculis, saepe sursum subcurvatis, pyramide brevi bene dignoscendae.</p><p>Plants small, usually 5–10 cm tall. Petiole narrow, unwinged, usually purple, subglabrous to very sparsely arachnoid; plant base with whitish hairs, tunic developed. Leaves mid green to ± bright green, glabrous or with sparsely scattered arachnoid hairs, oblong-linear in outline, usually 5–6 (–8) × (0.9–) 1.1–1.8 (–2.2) cm, regularly pinnatisect, lateral segments narrowly triangular to narrowly triangular-deltoid, usually subrecurved, sometimes to ± patent, distal margin ± straigh, sometimes subconcave or subconvex, entire, proximal margin subconvex or straight, entire; interlobes distinct, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, entire or with 1 (–2) little triangular teeth; terminal segment triangular to tripartite, distal margin concave, entire, basal lobules ± patent, proximal margin ± straight, entire; mid-vein purplish. Scapes brownish green, sometimes suffused purplish, arachnoid, ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow to lighter yellow, 3–4 cm wide. Involucre olivaceous-green, 9–11 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries (15) 16–17 (20), appressed, ± not imbricate, narrowly laceolate to lanceolate (seldom linear-lanceolate or ovate), often acuminate, usually (5.0–) 5.5–6 (–7.3) × (1.4–) 2.0–2.5 (–2.8) mm wide (rarely an outermost bract-like phyllary only 1 mm wide), surface olivaceous-green or light so, with distal part dark olivaceous, border almost invisible, membranous to greenish membranous 0.1 (–0.3) mm wide, with a gradual transition into the middle part, margin glabrous, apex callose to dark corniculate, often suffused blackish purple; in later capitula, apex with thick horns. Outer ligules flat, striped greyish or pinkish grey outside, inner ligule teeth dirty yellow or pinkish grey. Stigmas darker discoloured, greenish with grey pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish, 3.6–4.4 × 0.9–1.0 mm, body conspicuously, usually subdensely spinulose in upper 1/3, spinules ± thick, usually curved upwards, with apical part ± suberect, body subgradually to subabruptly narrowing into subcylindrical to subconical cone 0.5–0.7 × 0.25–0.3 mm; beak 8–9 mm long, pappus yellowish white, 5–6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 4D, 36, 37.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The combination of numerous, appressed to subappressed, relatively narrow, ± lanceolate, almost borderless outer phyllaries, distinctly horned in late capitula, achenes with sparse, short spinulosity, and an almost complete absence of teeth on leaf segment and interlobe margins is diagnostic. It may be considered as intermediate between T. sect. Borealia and T. sect. Dissecta (Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek 2023b), and the thick horns on later capitula was a character decisive in favour of the former.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum seminudum is known from two rich gatherings and cultivations from the shore of the Bratsk Reservoir in Central Siberia. It grows on gravelly and sandy sites and adjacent grasslands, around 400 m a.s.l.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA] S. Siberia, town of Bratsk, west shore of the “Bratskoe More” reservoir, about 10 km from the dam, not far from the “Bratsk” hotel, 27–28 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 2597 (PRA, no. det. 35973 and duplicates, isotypes, e.g. PRA, no. det. 37749). – Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 2596 (PRA, no. det. 36741). – Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 2587 (PRA, no. det. 36743). – Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 2595 (PRA, no. det. 36745) .</p><p>Species in some aspects close to T. sect. Arctica, usually with dark, not very numerous, almost borderless outer phyllaries</p><p>This group, although heterogeneous, includes a number of taxa frequently referred to in the literature. Special attention was paid to T. lateritium and T. macilentum . It should be emphasized that several species have an amphi-Beringian distribution.</p><p>In the material from Kamchatka, plants approaching the general habit of T. lateritium are relatively frequent. In a few cases, they represent T. lateritium s. str., i.e., polliniferous plants with reddish achenes. The other specimens are often incomplete (achenes or flowers lacking). They are very close to a similar group of taxa described from Alaska, viz. T. angulatum Haglund (1948: 298), T. arietinum Haglund (1948: 300), T. festivum Haglund (1948: 304), T. speirodon Haglund (1948: 324), T. maurolepium Haglund (1949: 111) and T. microceras Haglund (1948: 313) . We also have to consider T. alaskanum Rydberg (1901: 512), frequently reported to belong to T. sect. Arctica but unclear due to its rather inadequate type material. Among the Kamchatka gatherings, there are specimens from three sites near the Ichinskaya Volcano, distinct in their appressed, ovate to ovate lanceolate, narrowly bordered dark outer phyllaries, undivided or obtusely lobulate leaves, absence of pollen, dark stigmas, relatively narrow petioles, and achenes with a very short conical cone. Within the above group, only T. maurolepium corresponds to this character combination, generally rare on the Far East side of the Bering Strait. A comparison of the Kamchatka plants with the type specimens of T. maurolepium confirmed their identity.</p><p>It should be emphasized that the concept and an outline of the taxonomic treatment of T. lateritium and T. macilentum fully relies on the taxonomic conclusions drafted by Petr G. Efimov. A more detailed treatment of both taxa and their allies, together with specimen citations and further remarks will be published by him in a separate paper, and we are grateful for his generosity in placing his results at our disposal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFA4FF8AFF78FB5A4BB3BACC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFAFFF89FF78F9444CDFB9F3.text	0399F353FFAFFF89FF78F9444CDFB9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum lateritium Dahlstedt 1906	<div><p>21. Taraxacum lateritium Dahlstedt (1906: 32)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Chukotka] Arktiska Sibirien, Irkajpij, 68°55’ N, 179°28’ E, 12–15 Sep 1878, F. R. Kjellman s. n. (S 13-4092!, lectotype – 1st step typification: Tzvelev (1987b: 290); 2nd step typification: designated here by P. Efimov; isolectotype: S 13-4093!). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=171.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 171.0/lat 71.45)">Reise nach der Tschuktschen-Halbinsel, Behringsstrasse, “Snetke-ön” [correctly: Lütke Insel (Ostrov Litke)</a>, SE. Chukotka, ca. 65°37’29”N, 170°54’10”W], 11 Aug 1881, Au. Krause &amp; Ar. Krause 123 (B, residual syntype, not extant, but photo of the specimen and a sample of achenes preserved in S 13-4054!, residual syntype). – [Chukotka] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=171.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 171.0/lat 71.45)">St. Lawrence Bay</a>, 65°30’ N, 171°E, 20–21 Jul 1879, F. R. Kjellman s. n. (S 13-4061!, residual syntype). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=171.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 171.0/lat 71.45)">Sibiria, Jenisei, “Mesemkin” [correctly: Mesenkin, right bank of Yenisei, at about 71°27’ N]</a>, 1875, A. N. Lundström (S 13-4095!, residual syntype, but see comments below) .</p><p>Etymology:—Dark brick red (achene colour).</p><p>Plants glabrous or subglabrous, slender, usually 10–17 (–25) cm tall. Petiole pale greenish or slightly purplish basally, narrow, unwinged, or very narrowly winged. Leaves linear-oblanceolate in outline, (4–) 5–12 (–17) × 0.8–1.5 (–2.0) cm, usually pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, with 3–4 (–5) pairs of ± patent, or patent-subrecurved, deltoid-triangular, or triangular, margins often dentate (rarely subentire), sometimes ± obtuse lateral segments; terminal segment triangular to elongated-triangular. Scapes typically sparsely arachnoid below capitulum, rarely subglabrous, overtopping leaves, rarely subequalling them. Capitulum yellow, small, ca. 1.5–2 cm wide. Involucre blackish green, 6–7 mm wide and narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. (9–) 11–14 (15), appressed, imbricate, or subimbricate, usually ovate-lanceolate, sometimes ovate or lanceolate, (4–) 5–6 (–8) × 2.0–2.5 (–2.8) mm, surface evenly dark black-green, rarely with a darker middle part, border absent or rarely very narrow and indistinct, to 0.1 mm wide, margin glabrous, apex with black, distinct cornicles or thick short horns; inner phyllaries ca. 11–13 mm long, usually dark corniculate or callose. Outer ligules faintly striped greyish outside. Stigmas dark discoloured. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes pinkish grey-brown to reddish-brown, (4.3–) 4.5–5.2 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, body densely and shortly spinulose in upper 1/3–2/5, gradually narrowing in cylindrical to subcylindrical cone 0.5–0.9 × 0.25–0.30 mm; beak thin, 6–7.5 mm long; pappus ± white or yellowish white, 6.5–7 mm long. – Fig. 38, 39.</p><p>Notes on the typification, variation and identity:—We consider the original material of this species as taxonomically heterogeneous. It is represented by at least five herbarium specimens collected at four places, mostly from Chukotka, but one (S 13-4095) from a distant place in the region of lower Yenisei River, a site over 3500 km from Chukotka; some specific features of the latter specimen were pointed out in the protologue (Dahlstedt 1906: 34), which was supported by Haglund (1946: 346), who treated it as “somewhat dubious”. The latter specimen was therefore excluded from our typification and interpretation considerations, as different taxonomically from the other syntypes.</p><p>The first lectotypification attempt was published by Haglund (1946: 328) who wrote: ... “just as in the type of T. lateritium (cf. Dahlstedt 1906, p. 18)”. Dahlstedt (1906: 43–44), in an explanation of figures on Plate 18, says [translated from Swedish]: “All figures after a specimen from Irkaipij, Arctic Siberia”. On the plate, achenes and variously divided or lobulate leaves belong to S 13-4092, while an undivided leaf and probably also the phyllaries were depicted according to S 13-4093. Haglund therefore, when speaking about “ type ”, referred to the whole gathering, F. R. Kjellman s. n. from 12–15 Sep 1878.</p><p>Another lectotypification was published by Doll (1973: 165):: “Typus: Holotypus im h S; Originalmaterial im h S (v.), Locus typicus: SU: Behringssund, Snetke-ön. 1881. Aurel &amp; Krause” [sic!]. The problem of this typification is that Doll referred to a specimen not extant at that time (destroyed in B). Moreover, Haglund had already restricted the lectotype choice to the Irkaipij gathering. The same restriction was done by Tzvelev (1987b: 290).</p><p>We therefore asked P. Efimov of LE for the typification, and he follows the existing lectotypification of T. lateritium by a specimen from Irkaipij, considering it as a first step typification designating a gathering of two equal specimens with identical labels (Tzvelev 1987b: 290); the larger and more representative specimen is used for the second step lectotypification in the present contribution. Importantly, specimens from Irkaipij were preferentially used for the description in the protologue (Dahlstedt 1906: 34). In the protologue, however, the description bears a stamp of generalized picture which unites features of different specimens. In this respect, seed color is illustrative as it is described as dark red in mature condition, whereas ripe achenes from the lectotype specimen can be described only as slightly pinkish grey-brown or light brown with a red hue. It is quite possible that the color of ripe achenes in the protologue is described after another specimen, e.g. after one collected at Lütke Island, Chukotka (S 13-4054); its fruits show a distinct dark-red coloration. Such a difference in the color of ripe achenes between specimens makes evidence that at least a specimen from Lütke Island is taxonomically different, but its exact determination is problematic because only the achenes and a low-resolution photo are extant, and it had no flowers. The last residual syntype, a specimen from Saint-Lawrence bay, is also difficult to determine correctly, because it has no ripe achenes; regarding red hue of unripe fruits and distinctly imbricate phyllaries, it is supposed to be taxonomically identical with the lectotype specimen, representing rather small plants at an earlier ontogenetic stage.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The current understanding of T. lateritium in a narrow sense implies the following diagnostic characters: rather slender growth (but substantially more robust than in species of T. sect. Arctica), leaves variable, usually pinnatilobed to pinnatipartite, outer phyllaries dark-green, ± unbordered, more or less imbricate, with little horns, pollen present, achenes rather distinctly spinulose, with red pigment, but not dark red when mature.A counterpart of T. lateritium with seeds without purple pigment is T. macilentum; both taxa seem to be rather similar and may be closely related to each other. T. macilentum can be also distinguished from T. lateritium by its usually distinctly winged petioles, and larger horns. Surprisingly, the majority of specimens preserved in LE under the name of T. lateritium belong to a species of T. sect. Arctica, T. korjakorum Kharkevich &amp; Tzvelev (1978: 840) . While in the leaf shape T. korjakorum approaches T. lateritium, it is readily distinguished by the broadly bordered outer phyllaries, dark red-brown achenes and the absence of pollen.</p><p>Distribution:—The literature reported T. lateritium as a common species in the Arctics (Schischkin 1964; Krasnikov 1997; Tzvelev 1987b), possibly combining several taxa under this name, which share an important common feature, i.e. red pigment on the achenes; supposedly, this material as a whole might belong not only to T. sect. Borealia but, in part, also to T. sect. Arctica. In reality, the occurrence of T. lateritium was documented from Chukotka, including its westernmost parts, from the mountains of the Magadan Region and Kamchatka, from islands in the Bering Sea, and from the northwestern Alaska (Haglund 1946: 346, fig. 9). Taraxacum lateritium belongs to the few dandelions with an amphi-Beringian distribution.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA.] Eastern Chukotka, northern coast, vicinity of Nutepel’men, station of Polyarnaya, 3 Aug 1969, A. A . Nechaev &amp; T. V . Plieva (LE 1229529). – West Chukotka, Anyuy Range, Rau-Chu River basin, upper Erguveem River, 11 Jul 1967, E. V . Zimarskaya, A. A . Korobkov &amp; B. A . Yurtsev (LE 1229528). – Eastern Chukotka, northern coast, vicinity of Nutepel’men, a sandy spit, 12 Aug 1969, A. A . Nechaev &amp; T. V . Plieva (LE 1229530). – Southern part of the Magadan Region, N . coast of Sea of Okhotsk, S . slopes of Mt. [?] Skamnitaya, ca. 1400 m, 24 Jul 1989, V. V . Yakubov (KAM, no. det. 36907). – Central Kamchatka, Mil’kovskyy District, township of Nikolka, ca 1560 m, mountain tundra, 21 Aug 1987, V. V . Yakubov (KAM, no. det. 36908) . – [USA, Alaska] Bering Sea, St. Lawrence Island, Sevoonga, Jul–Aug 1931, O. W . Geist (US 1789495!). – Bering Strait, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-168.91667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.76667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -168.91667/lat 65.76667)">Little Diomede Island</a>, 65°46’ N, 168°55’ W, 14–20 Aug 1926, A. E . Porsild &amp; R. T . Porsild 1730 (CAN 10165052!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFAFFF89FF78F9444CDFB9F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFACFFF7FF78FA5E4D7BBD1F.text	0399F353FFACFFF7FF78FA5E4D7BBD1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum maurolepium Haglund 1949	<div><p>22. Taraxacum maurolepium Haglund (1949: 111)</p><p>Type:— U.S.A. Alaska, Umiat, sandy terrace near Colville River, 3 Aug 1948, E . Lepage 23784 (CAN 506868!, holotype; isotypes: CAN 204344!, S, n. v.) .</p><p>Note:—The original material of T. maurolepium mostly consists of luxurious, tall plants, probably growing in a tall grass. The plants from Kamchatka retain the qualitative characters of T. maurolepium but are ± medium-sized, and the description below deviates from the protologue in some quantitative features.</p><p>Etymology:—With black phyllaries, from Greek.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, usually (10–) 12–18 (–22) cm tall. Plant base with an inconspicuous tunic, subglabrous or with a few brownish hairs; petiole narrowly winged or unwinged, pale green or faintly suffused pinkish. Leaves light mid-green, subglabrous or sparsely arachnoid, linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate in outline, ca. (6–) 7–10 (–14) × (1.0–) 1.5–2.5 (–3) cm, often undivided and remotely dentate, usually with 2–3 pairs of short patent deltoid lobules (rarely subacute lobes), margins entire, sometimes distal lobules with a single obtuse tooth, terminal segment variable, usually narrowly helmet-shaped or triangular, subobtuse to subacute, usually entire, basal lobules ± patent, deltoid; interlobes broad, entire; mid-vein usually greenish, sometimes ± suffused pinkish. Scapes brownish green, distally sometimes purplish, sparsely arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, 2.5–3.5 cm wide. Involucre blackish olivaceous, ca. 8–9 mm wide and ± narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 9–11, appressed, unequal but not imbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually (5.0–) 6.5–7.0 (–8) × (2.2–) 2.5–2.8 (–3.5) mm, surface black-green, border narrow, distinct or ± indistinct, sharply delimited, whitish or membranous-whitish, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, margin glabrous or sparsely ciliate, apex corniculate, horns up to 1 mm long; inner phyllaries 12–13 mm long, ± corniculate. Outer ligules ± flat, faintly striped grey pink or grey outside, ligule teeth ± black. Stigmas dark green, with blackish pubescence outside. Pollen absent (anther tubes empty). Achenes (unripe) light greyish stramineous, ca. 4 mm long, body ± densely covered with short acute spinules, gradually narrowing into a short conical cone ca. 0.5 mm long; beak 8–9 mm, pappus yellowish white, ca. 6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 40.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:—The geographical range of T. maurolepium includes the north-central and western Alaska, and the central part of Kamchatka. It grows in mosaic-like grasslands along rivers and in mountain tundra habitats. Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Kamchtka Region, Bystrinskiy District, SE. vicinity of Ichinskaya Volcano,</p><p>shore of Babav R., 911 m, 55°38.065’N, 157°54.447’E, 15 Jul 2015, V. V. Buryy T016 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36910). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.90785&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.634666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.90785/lat 55.634666)">Kamchtka Region</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.90785&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.634666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.90785/lat 55.634666)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, SE. vicinity of Ichinskaya Volcano, a pass near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.90785&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.634666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.90785/lat 55.634666)">Mt. Ochachamo</a>, 1443 m, 55°33.992’N, 158°08.940’E, 23 Jul 2015, V. V. Buryy T115, T116 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36912). – Kamchtka Region, Bystrinskiy District, SE. vicinity of Ichinskaya Volcano, valley of Babav R., rocks above the river, 910 m, 55°38.080’N, 157°54.471’E, 17 Jul 2015, V. V. Buryy T101 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36905) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFACFFF7FF78FA5E4D7BBD1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFD2FFF7FF78FEFA4A95BA92.text	0399F353FFD2FFF7FF78FEFA4A95BA92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum sublateritium Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>23. Taraxacum sublateritium Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] the Altai Mts., the Kurai Range [Kuraiskiy Khrebet], slopes of Mt. Aktash, 2600–3050 m, 3–4 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 144 (PRA, no. det. 35859, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Close to T. lateritium, or light brick red.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Taraxaci lateritii maxime affine sed notabile petiolis alatis, acheniis pallide fulvo-cinnamomeis vel pallidissime roseolobrunnescentibus, corpore superne sparsissime minute spunuloso vel tuberculato, in pyramidem conicam persensim transeunte.</p><p>Plants small to medium-sized, 9–14 cm tall. Petiole green or with a purplish mid-vein, narrowly winged to winged, ± glabrous, tunic absent. Leaves light green to mid-green, ± glabrous, with mid-vein pale green, blade ± narrowly oblanceolate, most often undivided, dentate or sinuate-dentate, or pinnatilobed, with 2–3 pairs of broadly triangular, subpatent, entire lobes, (4–) 6–9 × 1.2–2.0 cm, [some leaves, developing later in cultivation, are pinnatipartite, relatively large, to 13 × 4.5 cm, and are not considered as characteristic of the species], terminal segment usually not discernible, sometimes long, narrowly triangular, subacute. Scape brownish green to pinkish green, some scapes initially sparsely arachnoid, all later glabrescent, subequalling leaves; at fruiting stage, scapes bent downwards. Capitulum yellow, ca. 2.5–3.5 cm wide. Involucre blackish olivaceous-green, ca. 9 mm wide and ± broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 11–16, appressed, subimbricate, outer of them broadly ovate to ovate, inner of them ovate-lanceolate, usually 6.5–8.5 × 2.5–3.3 (–5.0) mm, usually evenly black-green, border often almost absent, sometimes ± distinct but extremely narrow, up to 0.1 mm wide, margin distally shortly and sparsely ciliate, apex corniculate in early capitula, with thick black horns in late capitula. Inner phyllaries 12–15 mm long, dark olivaceous-green, often coalescing, with a narrow black middle line or with two submarginal lines, apex usually black corniculate. Outer ligules narrow, ± flat to canaliculate, striped grey-pink to light grey outside, teeth blackish, inner ligule teeth greyish. Stigmas dark discoloured, grey-green with black pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light fulvous-cinnamon to very light pinkish brown, 4.8–5.3 × (1.0–) 1.1–1.2 (–1.3) mm, body sparsely and shortly (0.1–0.2 mm) spinulose in upper 1/4, otherwise smooth with longitudinal ridges, very gradually narrowing into a conical to subconical cone (0.8–) 1.0– 1.1 mm long, 0.6–0.7 mm thick at base, 0.4–0.5 mm distally; beak thin, 0.15–0.20 mm, ca. 6–7 mm long, pappus white, ca. 5.5–6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 3E, 41.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—Plants from the Altai resemble T. lateritium sensu lato; achenes of the Altai plants are close to those of plant from the Mesenkin syntype of T. lateritium but T. sublateritium is much more sparsely spinulose and the leaves are different. Taraxacum sublateritium differs from all the syntypes of T. lateritium primarily in ± winged petioles and a very sparsely spinulose or only tuberculate achene body. Taraxacum altaicum is a species even closer than T. lateritium but clearly distinct from T. sublateritium in having imbricate, subappressed to erect-patent or patent outer phyllaries with an indistinct, membranous border, the ± thickened beak, a longer pappus, and very narrowly winged to unwinged petioles. In the achene characters, T. sublateritium and T. altaicum are very similar but the former usually has a thinner cone.</p><p>Distribution:—Known only from the type locality region, around Mt. Aktash in the Kurai Range.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] the Altai Mts., the Kurai Range [Kuraiskiy Khrebet], slopes of Mt. Aktash, 2600–3050 m, 3–4 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 144 (PRA, no. det. 35859 and duplicates). – Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 3377 (PRA, no. det. 36739) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFD2FFF7FF78FEFA4A95BA92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFD2FFF2FF78F97E4DDCBFD8.text	0399F353FFD2FFF2FF78F97E4DDCBFD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum altaicum Schischkin 1949	<div><p>24. Taraxacum altaicum Schischkin (1949: 6)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA] Altai, Oirotia, Koshagachskiy aimak, Kuraiskiy khrebet, ist. r. Kurai [the Altai, Kurai Range, sources of Kurai River], 21 Aug 1931, G. P. Sumnevich (LE, no. det. 6138, holotype; isotypes: LE, no. det. 6055, LE, no. det 17102) .</p><p>Etymology:—The Altai, a border mountain range extending from the NE Kazakhstan along the Siberian-Mongolian border.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, often of subrobust appearance, usually up to 15 cm tall. Petiole narrow, unwinged, narrowly winged in outer leaves, pale greenish, usually sparsely arachnoid; plant base ± glabrous, tunic absent. Leaves subglabrous to glabrous, light medium green, undivided, oblanceolate to spathulate, with a relatively broad blade subabruptly narrowing into a long, relatively narrow petiole, usually 7–11 × 2.0– 3.5 cm, irregularly sparsely dentate, rarely remotely lobulate, apex obtusely acute; mid-vein pale greenish. Scapes brownish green, later sometimes suffused pale pink, arachnoid, later sparsely so, overtopping leaves, after flowering remaining ± erect. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3–4 cm wide. Involucre blackish green, not pruinose, ca. 8–9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually 12–16, ± imbricate, from loosely appressed and erect to erect-patent or patent, outer of them ovate, usually 5.5–6.5 × 3–3.5 mm, inner of them ± lanceolate, usually 7–9 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, surface evenly blackish green, border indistinct, almost invisible, membranous, ca. 0.2 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate distally, apex corniculate to horned, horns 0.5–1.2 mm long; inner phyllaries 16–18 mm long, corniculate, not coalescing. Outer ligules ± flat, almost unstriped, often with 2–3 thin faintly greyish lines outside, outer ligule teeth light greyish-purplish, inner ligule teeth pinkish yellow. Stigmas dark discoloured, green inside, blackish outside. Pollen sparsely present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes pale reddish cinnamon to light pinkish cinnamon, 4.9–5.3 × 1.1–1.3 mm, body subsparsely to sparsely shortly spinulose and tuberculate in upper 1/4, gradually narrowing in a relatively thick subconical cone 0.9–1.1 mm long, usually 0.5–0.8 mm thick at base, 0.4–0.6 mm distally; beak thickened, ca. 0.25 mm thick in the middle, ca. 0.30– 0.35 mm at both ends, (6–) 8–10 mm long, pappus yellowish white, (6–) 7 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 42.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The comparison with T. sublateritium is given above; the two species are similar in many respects. Blackish, imbricate, almost unbordered outer phyllaries, almost unstriped outer ligules, pale pinkish-cinnamon achenes, the thickened beak and a thick subconical cone are important and diagnostic. Taraxacum altaicum occupies an intermediate position between T. sect. Arctica and T. sect. Borealia, closer to the latter.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum altaicum is known from the Kurai Range in the Altai. During our Altai expedition, we collected it only once near Mt. Aktash in the Kurai Range, in an alpine vegetation below 3000 m.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, the Altai Republic] Usť-Ulagan District, the Kurai Range [Kuraiskiy Khrebet], slopes of Mt. Aktash, 2600–3050 m, 3–4 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3369 (PRA, no. det. 36873, 36875) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFD2FFF2FF78F97E4DDCBFD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFD7FFF3FF78FC304DD0BEAA.text	0399F353FFD7FFF3FF78FC304DD0BEAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum taimyrense Tzvelev	<div><p>25. Taraxacum taimyrense Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 189) Type:—[RUSSIA, Krasnoyarsk Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Northern shore of Lake Taimyr, southern promontories of Byrranga Mountains,</p><p>vicinity of Lake Engelhardt, rock outcrops] Severnoe poberezh’e Taimyrskogo ozera, juzhnye predgor’ya khr. Byrranga, okr. oz.</p><p>Engel’gardt, po pravom beregu, skal’nye vykhody, 12 Aug 1967, N. Matveeva (LE, no. det 6032, holotype). Etymology:—Taimyr Peninsula, the nortwestern Siberia .</p><p>Plants relatively small but of robust appearance, to 12 cm tall. Petiole usually narrowly winged, green or suffused purplish, tunic absent. Leaves deep green, glabrous, oblanceolate in outline, usually 5–12 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, sometimes undivided and irregularly lobulate or sinuate-dentate, lobules patent, acute, but most often pinnatilobed, with 3–5 irregular pairs of ± patent or variable, narrowly triangular, ± entire lateral segments; terminal segment narrowly triangular or triangular-hastate; interlobes most often broad, sometimes narrow and with a few teeth. Scapes brownish green, often suffused purplish, distally ± arachnoid, subequalling leaves. Capitulum yellow. Involucre dark, blackish green, rounded at base. Outer phyllaries not numerous, ± appressed to loosely so, not imbricate, ± lanceolate, surface dark olivaceous green or black-green, border narrow, paler whitish-green, apex with horns; inner phyllaries ca. 14 mm long, corniculate. Stigmas discoloured. Pollen present (according to the protologue; the type is without florets). Achenes grey-olivaceous to ± dark grey, ca. 5.6–5.7 × ca. 1.2 mm, body ± densely spinulose in upper 1/4, mainly on ridges, ± gradually narrowing into a subcylindrical to subconical cone 1.2–1.3 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm thick at base, ca. 0.35–0.45 mm distally; beak thin, at least 7 mm long, pappus ± white, conspicuously long, ca. 7.0– 7.5 mm. – Fig. 43.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum taimyrense has dark, deep grey-olivaceous, tightly appressed outer phyllaries and leaves shallowly to deeply lobed with patent lateral segments. Its most conspicuous feature is the dark grey-olivaceous colour of achenes; they are unusually long, with the achene body gradually narrowing in a subconical to subcylindrical cone 1.2–1.3 mm long.</p><p>Distribution:— Taraxacum taimyrense is known from the southern part of the Byrranga Mts., Taimyr Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFD7FFF3FF78FC304DD0BEAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFD6FFF0FF78FCA74B03BF4A.text	0399F353FFD6FFF0FF78FCA74B03BF4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum macilentum Dahlstedt 1906	<div><p>26. Taraxacum macilentum Dahlstedt (1906: 17) .</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Sakha] Sib., Lena, Kisiljach (ca. 72°), 7 [Jul] 1898, N. H . Nilsson 58a (S 13-4651!, lectotype designated by Tzvelev 1987b: 285) [the label reads 7 Jun 1898, which is a mistake because, in the high Arctic, it is too early for Taraxacum to have flowers in the early June]; isolectotype: [RUSSIA, Sakha] Plantae lenenses subarcticae, Sibiria, oblastia Jakutsk, Kissiljach, in declivibus arenosis ad flumine, 7 Jul 1898, N. H . Nilsson (LE 01082216, no. det. 6042). – Residual syntypes:—[RUSSIA, Sakha] Sib., Lena, Bulkur (nära 72°), 26 Aug 1898, N. H . Nilsson 93 (S 13-4653!). – [RUSSIA, Sakha] Sib., Lena, Balaganasch (ca. 73°35’), 15 Jul 1898, N. H . Nilsson 62-4a (S 13-4650!) [all the previous labels were transcribed by Dahlstedt in 1905, on the basis of little field labels written by N. H. Nilsson]. – [RUSSIA, Krasnoyarsk] Sibiria, Jenisei, Verschininskoje, 27 Jul 1876, M . Brenner (H 1779873!). – [RUSSIA, Krasnoyarsk] Sibiria, ad flum. Jenisei, Kantsika, 19 Jul 1876, J. R . Sahlberg (H 1742741!) .</p><p>Etymology:—Meagre, thin.</p><p>Plants glabrous or subglabrous, slender, usually 8–20(–25) cm tall. Petiole greenish, sometimes purplish, winged,rarely almost unwinged basally. Leaves (linear) linear-oblanceolate in outline, 6–12 (–15) × 0.7–1.5 cm, typically dentate or pinnatilobed, occasionally pinnatipartite, with 3–4 (–5) pairs of ± patent, triangular, entire, acute lateral lobules or lobes; terminal lobe typically elongated, oblong, acute or obtuse; sometimes leaf almost undivided, with dentate margin. Scapes typically sparsely arachnoid below capitulum, rarely subglabrous, overtopping leaves, rarely subequalling them. Capitulum yellow, medium-sized, ca. 3.5 cm wide. Involucre dark, blackish green, sometimes medium green, ca. 8 mm wide and ± narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually (8) 10–15 (17), ± appressed, subimbricate, ovate to lanceolate, 2.5–5.0 × (1.3–) 1.5–2 (–2.3) mm, surface typically evenly black-green, border absent, occasionally with inconspicuously developed or very narrow border ca. 0.1 mm wide, margin glabrous or sparsely ciliate, apex with a black or black-purple horn to 1.5 mm long; inner phyllaries ca. 9–15 mm long, corniculate. Outer ligules striped greenish grey. Stigmas dark discoloured. Pollen present. Achenes greyish or yellowish-brown, ca. 4.5 × 1.0 mm, body variably spinulose in upper 1/3, subabruptly to subgradually narrowing into a subcylindrical cone ca. 0.7–1.0 × 0.4 mm; beak thin, 8–10 mm long, pappus white, ca. 7 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 44, 45.</p><p>Notes on the variation and identity:— Taraxacum macilentum as understood here is a rather polymorphic species, with a substantial variation in leaf shape, outer bract shape and fruit color. This difficult group requires further study. It may consist of several taxa, or, vice versa, it may include variation as a consequence of (partial) sexuality. One of the superficially similar taxa is T. leucocarpum, a species with sexual reproduction (but see the diagnostic notes in the treatment of the latter). There is also a certain resemblance between T. macilentum and T. alaskanum .</p><p>Distribution and habitat:—According to the material available, T. macilentum has a rather wide distribution in the Russian Arctics from the Urals to the Bering Sea. However, it seems especially common in the middle part of its range, from Taimyr to West Chukotka. It grows in humid tundra habitats and in a grassland mosaic along rivers.</p><p>Specimens examined (a selection of individuals approaching most closely the type material):— Yakutskaya SSR, lower reaches of Lena River, right bank upstream of the Tit-Ary Island, downstream from Arangastakh River, loose substrate, 20 Aug 1957, B. A . Yurtsev (LE 01229531!). – Yakutskaya SSR, Bulunskiy District, lower reaches of Olenek River, right bank, mouth of Tas-Yuryakh River, sandy riverbank, 7 Aug 1960, B. A . Yurtsev (LE 01229532!). – Yakutskaya SSR, lower reaches of Lena River, Tuora-Sis Mt Range, basin of Naelaegaer River, its tributary Daldyn- Eznigi River, grassy gravel, 11 Aug 1957, B. N . Norin &amp; B. A . Yurtsev (LE 01229533!). – Yakutskaya Region, Verkhoyansk District, Ust’yanskiy Ulus, Kazach’ye Village, mountain on the right bank of Kazach’ya River, 22 June 1903, A . D. Polyak (LE!). – Yakutskaya SSR, Nizhnekolymskiy District, near the Lake yakutskoye, yodoma [a kind of hill], 18 Aug 1975, T. M . Koroleva &amp; V. V . Petrovskiy (LE!). – Yakutia, lower reaches of Lena River, Bykovskiy Peninsula, Neyolova Bay 2, 5 km south from Bykovo Village, landslide, 16 Aug 1955, E. V . Dorogostayskaya &amp; B. A . Yurtsev (LE!). – Yakutia, lower reaches of Lena River, Kharaulakhskiy Mt Range against Tit-Ary Island, steep bank of Lena River, 6 Aug 1956, O. V . Pigulevskaya (LE!). – Yakutskaya SSR, Bulunskiy District, lower reaches of Olenek River, near the Taimylyr Village, riverbank baydzharakhs, alluvium substrate with turf, 4 Aug 1960, B. A . Yurtsev (LE!). – Yakutskaya SSR, Nizhnekolymsk District, 15 km east of Votapkrytkin Lake, 2.5 km NE of Kyoni yodoma [hill], middle part of SE yodoma slope, 27 Jul 1957, Satalkina (LE!). – Yakutia, coast of Laptev Straight, Svyatoy Nos Cape, western coast, 30 Jul 1961, L . Budantsev &amp; I . Sveshnikova (LE!). – Yakutskaya SSR, Svyatoy Nos Cape, south slope, tundra composed of grasses, lichens and mosses in the upper part of small valley, 13 Aug 1976, I. N . Safronova (LE!). – Less certain identification:—[RUSSIA, Arctic Siberia] SW. Taimyr, Putoran Plateau, S . vicinity of the Ayan Lake, near the mouth of Amnundakta R ., 69°03’50.4” N, 94°10’08.75” E, 10 Jul 2019, I. N . Pospelov 19-1131 (NSK, photo!). – SW. Taimyr, Putoran Plateau, S . vicinity of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.277306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=68.98611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.277306/lat 68.98611)">Ayan Lake</a>, meadow on a rock in a canyon, 68°59’10.0” N, 94°16’38.3” E, 17 Jul 2019, I. N . Pospelov 19-1149 (NSK, photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFD6FFF0FF78FCA74B03BF4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFDBFFFFFF78FF124A3DBE12.text	0399F353FFDBFFFFFF78FF124A3DBE12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum brevicorne Dahlstedt 1906	<div><p>27. Taraxacum brevicorne Dahlstedt (1906: 11)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA] Sibiria, Jenisei, Tolstoi nos, 28 Aug 1876, M . Brenner (S 12-28566!, syntype). – Novaja Semlja, sinus Karmakulski, 29 Aug 1901, O . Ekstam (S 12-28575!, syntype). – Expéditions suédoises de 1875 et de 1876 au Yénissei, région méridionale de la Nouvelle-Zemle, Jul 1875, sine coll. (S 12-28581!, syntype). – Insula Wajgatsch, Cap Grebenij [Cap Greben’], 30–31 Jul 1875, F. R . Kjellman &amp; A. N . Lundström (S 12-28579!, syntype). – Lena, Jakutsk, Kieferwaldung, [24 Jun 1901], A. K . Cajander (H, n. v.; S 12-28580!, syntype fragment, unripe achenes) .</p><p>Note:—There is another syntype, not seen by us: “Sibirien: Jenisei, Dudino (M. Brenner 1876, H. Hafn. [= C])”.</p><p>Etymology:—With short horns.</p><p>Note:— There are another two syntypes cited among elements of the original material, both from herbarium B. They are not extant. The name T. brevicorne has not been typified, and, because of a rather scanty and incomplete material, the original material may be heterogeneous. Although we have seen almost all the syntypes, we refrain from selecting a lectotype; a more representative material is to be studied .</p><p>Plants relatively small, of ± robust growth, to 12 (–20) cm tall. Petiole very narrowly winged, unwinged in inner leaves, greenish or suffused purple, glabrous, tunic absent. Leaves ± deep green, glabrous, ± oblanceolate in outline, ca. 4–8 (–13) × 1.5–2.5 (–3.5) cm, ± undivided, with 2–5 pairs of patent to recurved, subacute, short, triangular teeth, rarely ponnatilobed, with 2–4 pairs of flat triangular-deltoid, short lateral lobes, margins entire, apex subacute; mid-vein usually suffused purplish. Scapes brownish green, glabrous or with sparse arachnoid hairs below capitulum, purplish at base, overtopping leaves. Capitulum deep yellow, ca. 3 cm wide. Involucre blackish green, ca 7–8 mm wide and narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually 10–12, appressed, sometimes distally loosely appressed, slightly imbricate, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 5.5–7.0 (–8.2) × (1.6–) 1.8–2.2 mm, surface evenly black-green, with a sharply delimited but not conspicuous, whitish border to ca. 0.1 mm wide, margin glabrous or sparsely ciliate, apex with a thick, obtuse, black horn; inner phyllaries blackish green, 11–13 mm long, corniculate, sometimes coalescing. Outer ligules ± canaliculate, striped pale greyish-purplish to dark purplish grey outside. Stigmas discoloured. Pollen present. – Fig. 46.</p><p>Note:— Achenes, although not fully ripened, are present on the Cajander’s gathering from Yakutsk on Lena River. Because of the enormous distance from the other syntype localities, and the position in another river system, we did not use that material for our description. Schischkin (1964: 472, with N. N. Tzvelev) gave a description of achenes as light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 4 mm long, body spinulose in upper 1/2, cone ca. 0.5 mm long; beak 8–10 mm long, pappus white, 6–7 mm long. The syntype S 12-28581 also includes an envelope with unripe achenes and a drawing of one; they are ca. 3.8 mm long, sparsely spinulose above, with a subgradual transition into a subconical cone ca. 0.8–0.9 mm long .</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The closest species to be compared with T. brevicorne is T. macilentum . Diagnostic features of the former include a broader leaf shape (± oblanceolate), petiole narrower, outer phyllaries usually longer, with an inconspicuous, very narrow but always visible paler border, and probably a shorter cone. There are also European taxa similar to T. brevicorne: Taraxacum simulum Brenner (1907: 109) differs in its very broad petioles and arcuate outer phyllaries, T. tornense Fries (1908: 142) has a different leaf shape, winged petioles and arcuate outer phyllaries, and T. cornutum (Dahlstedt 1905: 163) Dahlstedt (1906: 13) is similar in the leaf shape but has longer outer phyllaries, longer achenes with a long cone, and golden yellow stigmas.</p><p>Distribution:— Taraxacum brevicorne, as characterized in the present treatment, is probably confined to the northwestern Siberia in Asiatic Russia, mainly to the Yenisey mouth region, and is known from Waigach Island and southern Novaya Zemlya. For unknown reasons, it was not included in Flora of Siberia (Krasnikov 1997) while Tzvelev (1987b) relegated this name to the synonymy of T. ceratophorum; on the contrary, Schischkin (1964) listed a number of regions with the occurrence of T. brevicorne across most of Asiatic Russia.</p><p>Note:—There is a very similar species reportedly confined to Novaya Zemlya, T. novae-zemliae Holmboe (1923: 87) . It differs from T. brevicorne in the absence of pollen, a more distinct border to outer phyllaries, a broader shape of outer phyllaries and probably also in a longer cone. The original material of T. novae-zemliae is also rather scanty, and both names (taxa) require further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFDBFFFFFF78FF124A3DBE12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFDAFFFFFF78FDFE4AC4BA2A.text	0399F353FFDAFFFFFF78FDFE4AC4BA2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum badzhalense Woroschilov & Schlotgauer 1986	<div><p>28. Taraxacum badzhalense Woroschilov &amp; Schlotgauer (1986: 115)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, The Far East] Khabarovskii Krai, khrebet Badzhal, istoki r. Badzhal, nival’nye syrye lugoviny [Badzhal Range, sources of Badzhal River, patches of humid nival meadows], 1700–1800 m, 23 Jul 1984, S. D. Schlotgauer 10444 (MHA 33879, photo!, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Named after the Badzhal Range [БадЖальский хребет] in the Khabarovsk Region, the Far East.</p><p>Plants relatively small, usually to 10 (–12) cm tall. Petiole winged distally, subabruptly narrowed in a very narrow proximal part (probably embedded in the soil), usually purplish along mid-vein, tunic absent. Leaves ± greyish deep green, narrowly oblanceolate in outline, ca. 6–9 × 1.5–2.0 cm, pinnatilobed to pinnatifid, with 3–4 pairs of ± patent to subrecurved, deltoid-triangular, acute, usually entire, sometimes sparsely denticulate (mainly in proximal lobes) lateral segments; terminal segment triangular to trilobed, distal lobe ± elongated, acute, entire, basal lobules ± patent to patent-hamate, acute; interlobes broad, usually 5–8 mm wide, often with raised margins and a few little teeth in inner leaves; mid-vein usually purplish. Scapes brownish green, usually suffused purplish, ± arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3.5 cm wide. Involucre blackish olivaceous-green, ca. 7–8 mm wide and narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 9–12, not imbricate, loosely appressed, linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, ca. 6–7 × 1.8–2.3 mm, black green to almost black, with a whitish border ca. 0.3–0.4 mm wide (sometimes border not visible), apex corniculate or with ± thick horns; inner phyllaries ca. 15–16 mm long, black-green, corniculate, probably not coalescing. Outer ligules ± flat, narrow, faintly striped grey outside, teeth deep grey, inner ligule teeth light grey. Stigmas dark discoloured. Pollen probably present. Achenes (immature) light greyish stramineous, ca. 4.5–5 mm long, spinulose in upper 1/3–1/4, subgradually narrowing in a short, ± conical cone ca. 0.5 mm long; beak thin, ca. 8 mm or longer, pappus ± white, ca. 6 mm long. – Fig. 47.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The rather scanty and incomplete material does not make it possible to characterize this species properly. The combination of narrow, loosely appressed, blackish, bordered and horned outer phyllaries, dark discoloured stigmas, and a short, conical cone is diagnostic. The sectional position of T. badzhalense is based on the leaf shape with patent, deltoid-triangular lateral segments, the winged petiole, achenes with a short, conical cone, and horned, or at least distinctly corniculate, outer phyllaries.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from a single locality in the Badzhal Range, west of the Amur River valley, Khabarovsk Region. It probably is the southernmost locality of T. sect. Borealia in Asiatic Russia, perhaps with the exception of sites in Kosh-Agach District in the Altai Republic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFDAFFFFFF78FDFE4AC4BA2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFDAFFFAFF78F9264A0ABD56.text	0399F353FFDAFFFAFF78F9264A0ABD56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum eurylepium Dahlstedt	<div><p>29. Taraxacum eurylepium Dahlstedt in Ostenfeld (1910: 92, fig. 19)</p><p>Type:— CANADA. Yukon Territory, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-138.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=69.583336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -138.83333/lat 69.583336)">Herschel Isl.</a>, 69°35’N, 138°50’W, 17 Jul 1906, A. H. LindstrØm (O, holotype, n.v., fide Haglund 1948: 304) .</p><p>Etymology:—From Greek eurys, broad, and lepis, scale.</p><p>Plants small, 2–6 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, subglabrous; petiole winged or narrowly winged, light green or faintly pinkish. Leaves subprostrate to erect-patent, ± mid-green, glabrous, linear-oblanceolate in outline, ca. 2.5–6.0 × ca. 0.7–1.2 cm, ± undivided, most often with 1–3 pairs of ± patent, deltoid or triangular lobules or teeth, terminal leaf part often elongated, usually 1.0– 1.5 cm long, subacute; lateral lobules acute, to ca. 3 mm long, narrower leaf parts between lobules (“interlobes”) ca. 0.7–0.9 cm wide, leaf margin otherwise entire or rarely distal lobule margin with a minute basal tooth; mid-vein green or purplish. Scapes glabrescent, initially sparsely arachnoid, light (brownish) green, sometimes suffused purplish, ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, 2.5–3.5 cm wide. Involucre dark (blackish) olivaceous-green, 7–9 mm wide and broadly rounded to subtruncate at base. Outer phyllaries 9–11, appressed, subimbricate, broadly ovate to ovate, ca. 5–7 (–8) × 3–4 mm, surface black-green (almost black when dry), distally ± suffused dark purple, almost unbordered or (mainly distally) with a sharply delimited pale border 0.1–0.3 mm wide, margin glabrous, apex with low cornicles; inner phyllaries few, ca. 7–9, broad, blackish-olivaceous, ca. 12–13 mm long. Outer ligules (distally) canaliculate, striped light greyish outside, ligule teeth blackish. Stigmas light discoloured (grey yellow). Pollen absent. Achenes (after Haglund 1948: 304) light greyish olivaceous-brown, ca. 4.8–5.0 × 1.1 mm, body densely covered with short spinules, otherwise tuberculate or rugulose, subgradually narrowing into a subconical cone ca. 0.7 mm long; beak ca. 6 mm, pappus ± white, ca. 6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 48.</p><p>Note:—The famous Gjöa expedition (captain R. Amundsen, 1903–1906) had to spend almost two years in an harbour on King William Island, and then more than half a year on Herschel Island. In both regions, plants were collected by Adolf Henrik Lindstrøm, a cook of the expedition, and botanical results were published by C. Ostenfeld (1910). Two dandelions were described on the basis of these collection, T. hyperboreum Dahlstedt in Ostenfeld (1910: 26) and T. eurylepium . While the former name has a rich original material, the type of T. eurylepium is currently missing. We therefore had to interpret the name T. eurylepium according to the protologue (including a photograph of the type plant) and to the new material collected on Herschel Island.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum eurylepium obviously occupies a position intermediate between T. sect. Borealia and T. sect. Arctica, perhaps closer to the former. It is distinct in having a robust capitulum, a broadly rounded broad involucre base, and broadly ovate outer phyllaries; it is characterized by the absence of pollen and densely spinulose light greyish brown achenes.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:—Originally known from Herschel Island, the northernmost Yukon Territory (documented by a number of gatherings), then reported from the W. Alaska (Haglund 1946: 343), and from the Russian territory (Herald Isl.). It is reported from tundra communities.</p><p>Specimens examined:— CANADA. Yukon Territory, Herschel Isl., 69°34.5’N, 138°56’W, 9 Jul 1976, P. F. Cooper 121 (NY 2919099, photo!). – Canada, Yukon Territory, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-138.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=69.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -138.95/lat 69.6)">Herschel Isl.</a>, between 69°36’N 139°03’W and 69°36’N 138°57’W, 11 Jul 1976, P. F. Cooper 168 (NY 2919100, photo!) . – RUSSIA. Herald Isl., 1881, C. L. Hooper (US 424060, n. v., fide Haglund 1946: 344).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFDAFFFAFF78F9264A0ABD56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFDFFFFAFF78FEE04C18BF60.text	0399F353FFDFFFFAFF78FEE04C18BF60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum leucocarpum	<div><p>Taraxacum leucocarpum, a sexual species, possibly linking T. sect. Borealia with T. sect. Arctica</p><p>Although there are several species more or less intermediate between T. sect. Arctica and T. sect. Borealia, only one of them is a diploid sexual: T. leucocarpum . Tzvelev &amp; Jurtzev (1984) included it in the latter section (as Ceratophora) on the basis of its corniculate outer phyllaries of a relatively narrow shape, and we tentatively follow their treatment. Nevertheless, there are several features pointing to T. sect. Arctica: outer phyllaries are few, usually 8–10, with the ± black surface, either without any paler border or the border indistinct, very narrow, achene body is sparsely shortly spinulose, with a very gradual transition in a conical cone, beak (rostrum) is very short, petiole is unwinged, scapes grow from the centre of the leaf rosette. Outer phyllaries, indeed, are usually corniculate, sometimes ± flat, sometimes with distinct horns.</p><p>Tzvelev &amp; Jurtzev (1984) reported 2n=16 for T. leucocarpum, and the voucher specimen (LE, no. det. 6078) represents this species. We may hypothesize that sexually reproducing plants of the appearance of T. leucocarpum or T. kolymense might have been at the origin and the diversification of these two sections.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFDFFFFAFF78FEE04C18BF60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFDFFFFBFF78FCE84C9DB8E0.text	0399F353FFDFFFFBFF78FCE84C9DB8E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum leucocarpum Jurtzev & Tzvelev	<div><p>30. Taraxacum leucocarpum Jurtzev &amp; Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Jurtzev (1984: 188)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Chukotka] Zapadnaya Chukotka, ostrov Ayon, k s-v ot posyolka, pravoberezh’ye r. Roveem, na razvevaemykh peskakh [W. Chukotka, Ayon Island, NE. of the settlement, right banks of Roveem River, wind-blown sands], 13 Aug 1968, I. G. Levichev, A. A. Korobkov &amp; B. A. Yurtzev s. n. (LE, no. det. 17893, holotype; isotypes: 17152, 17153, 17154). – Possible isotype, with a slightly different locality wording: “elevated sandy floodplain of Reema R.”, 13 Aug 1968, I. G. Levichev, A. A. Korobkov &amp; B. A. Yurtzev s. n. (LE, no. det. 6078, with a note “2n = 16”) .</p><p>Etymology:—With white (or whitish) fruits.</p><p>Plants ± slender, 8–12 cm tall. Petiole pale, often suffused purplish, ± glabrous, narrow, unwinged; plant base without tunic, with sparse arachnoid hairs among petioles. Leaves light mid-green, glabrous or subglabrous, linear to linear-oblong, ca. 4–9 × 0.5–1.4 cm, rarely undivided and remotely lobulate, usually irregularly pinnatisect, with 2–4 pairs of lateral segments, usually patent or hamate-recurved, acute to acuminate, triangular to linear-triangular, distal margin usually convex, with unequal teeth and narrow lobules (often descending to the interlobe), proximal margin straight to concave, usually ± entire; terminal segment, narrow, elongated, linear-triangular, with irregular teeth and lobules, mainly near its base; interlobes very narrow or medium broad, usually with irregular teeth and lobules; mid-vein pale green or purple. Scapes brownish green, glabrous or with scattered arachnoid hairs distally, usually shorter than leaves. Capitulum light yellow, ± small, 1.5–2.5 cm wide. Involucre black-green, not pruinose, 7–8 mm wide and narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 8–11, appressed, ± not imbricate, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, usually 5–7 (–8) × 1.8–2.5 mm, surface ± evenly black-green (black when dry), rarely dark olivaceous-green, border ± absent, or indistinct, very narrow, less than 0.1 mm wide (better visible in olivaceous-green phyllaries), margin ± glabrous, apex usually corniculate, sometimes with well developed horns, rarely ± flat; inner phyllaries blackish olivaceous-green, often coalescing, 11–13 mm long, corniculate. Outer ligules flat, variably, usually faintly striped light pinkish grey outside, ligule teeth dirty yellow. Stigmas discoloured, ± greenish. Pollen present, pollen grains of regular size. Achenes light greyish or whitish grey (with occasional, not rare, occurrence of sterile, ± white, thin achenes), 5.2–5.6 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, body sparsely shortly spinulose in upper 1/5–1/4, spinules erect to curved upwards, short, up to 0.2 mm long, ± robust, mostly confined to longitudinal ridges, body gradually narrowing in a conical cone (0.5–) 0.7–0.8 (–0.9) mm long, ca. 0.5–0.6 mm thick at base, 0.3–0.35 mm distally; beak usually 3–4 mm long; pappus yellowish, ca. 6.5 mm long. – 2n=16 (counted by P. G. Zhukova, under no. SG-68-41). – Sexual. – Fig. 49, 50.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The intermediate position between T. sect. Arctica and T. sect. Borealia and the sexual reproduction make T. leucocarpum an exceptional taxon. When compared with members of the latter section, it may be considered close to T. lenense, T. lateritium, T. macilentum and T. kolymense . The sparsely shortly spinulose achenes with a conical cone, few outer phyllaries and the peculiar leaf shape are diagnostic.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum leucocarpum is known from a single macrolocality in Ayon Island, the NW. Chukotka. The habitat is sandy, on a river terrace.</p><p>Species with outer phyllaries linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, usually erect-patent to patent, or arcuate-patent</p><p>This peculiar group is confined to the Altai, according to the material available. The conspicuously horned but not appressed outer phyllaries and the conspicuous heterophyly characterize both species included in it.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFDFFFFBFF78FCE84C9DB8E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFDEFFE7FF78FB684A47B96E.text	0399F353FFDEFFE7FF78FB684A47B96E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum tortisquameum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>31. Taraxacum tortisquameum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, pars Kurajskij Chrebet, in decl. montium circa m. Aktaš, alt. ca. 2600–3050 m, 3-4 Jul 1988 , J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 166 (PRA, no. det. 35983, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—With twisted phyllaries.</p><p>Note:—The name T. tortisquameum occurs on herbarium labels in Scandinavian herbaria as an invalid name meant for another taxon, with the authorship of Dahlstedt or H. Lindberg.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Plantae robustae, heterophyllae, foliis plerumque indivisis dentatis vel lobulatis, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus numerosis, patentibus vel suberecto-patentibus, anguste lanceolatis interdum tortilibus, apice atro-cornutis, achenii corpore persparse squamuloso, in pyramidem subcylindricam sensim transeunte et rostro longo notabiles.</p><p>Plants not tall but of robust appearance, usually 10–15 cm tall. Petiole light purplish, narrowly to broadly winged, initially sparsely arachnoid, later glabrescent, plant base without tunic. Leaves deep green to ± light green, with purplish mid-vein, subglabrous to glabrous, ± oblanceolate to oblanceolate-spathulate in outline, many leaves in rosettes undivided, densely irregularly dentate with short unequal teeth or short lobules, some leaves with a dominant terminal segment with dentate or lobulate margins and 1–3 pairs of short dentate lobes, a few leaves pinnatifid, with a broad, obtusely triangular terminal segment with sparsely denticulate distal margins, and lateral segments ± patent to patentrecurved, deltoid-triangular to ± triangular, usually with distal margin sparsely denticulate and proximal one ± entire. Scapes usually growing from outside the leaf rosette, brownish green, arachnoid, ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow (outer ligules getting purplish during drying), 2.5–3.0 cm wide. Involucre dark olivaceous-green, ca. 10–11 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 17–21, patent to suberect-patent, usually arranged in a single plane, not imbricate, usually narrowly lanceolate, 8.5–10.0 (–12.0) × (2.0–) 2.6–3.3 mm, surface deep olivaceous-green to blackish green with black middle line, border paler green and membranous, not distinct, 0.1 (–0.3) mm wide, often suffused purplish, margins ± glabrous, flat or often revolute (then outer phyllaries ± tortuous), apex with dark thick horn to 1.5 mm long; inner phyllaries 16–18 mm long, corniculate. Outer ligules ± flat, striped (light) grey-purple or grey outside, teeth deep grey purple, inner ligule teeth ± purplish or light greyish. Stigmas greenish, with blackish pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes very light greyish stramineous-brown, (4.1–) 4.3–4.8 × (0.8–) 0.9–1.1 mm, body with very sparse, short but robust erect-patent bi- or tricuspidate squamules and occasional spinules in upper 1/4, body very gradually narrowing into a ± subconical to subcylindrical cone (0.6–) 0.7–0.8 mm long, ca. 0.4 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally, occasionally with 1–2 minute spinules in proximal 1/3, beak thin, 9.5–11.5 mm long, pappus white, 5.5–6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 4E, 51, 52.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum tortisquameum is very noticeable in the field because of its very numerous (17– 21), narrow, usually perfectly patent, straight, flat or ± tortuous outer phyllaries. Its achenes are relatively long, very sparsely squamulose above, with a slender body very gradually narrowing in a subconical to subcylindrical cone 0.6–0.8 mm long.</p><p>Distribution:—It was collected at seven sites around Mt. Aktash in the Kurai Range in the Central Altai, growing in subalpine meadows above 2600 m. Another group of gatherings comes from the Yuzhno-Chuiskiy range, the Altai, not far from the previous locality.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] Usť-Ulagan District, range of Kuraiskii Khrebet, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Mt. Aktash</a> (3121 m), subalpine and alpine slopes, 2500–2600 m, 3 Jul 1988, J. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kirschner</a>, cultivated from achenes of JŠ 3387 as T 166 (PRA, no. det. 36774). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Usť-Ulagan District</a>, range of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kuraiskii Khrebet</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Mt. Aktash</a> (3121 m), steep alpine slopes W of the lake on the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Belen’kiy Brook</a>, 2700–3500 m, 4 Jul 1988, J. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kirschner</a>, cultivated from achenes JŠ 3400 as T 130 (PRA, no. det. 36770, 37755). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Usť-Ulagan District</a>, range of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kuraiskii Khrebet</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Mt. Aktash</a> (3121 m), slopes of a deep valley W of the lake on the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Belen’kiy Brook</a>, 2000–2200 m, 4 Jul 1988, J. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kirschner</a>, cultivated from achenes of JŠ 3397 as T 164 (PRA, no. det. 36769, 37757). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Usť-Ulagan District</a>, range of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kuraiskii Khrebet</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Mt. Aktash</a> (3121 m), subalpine and alpine western slopes, 2500–2600 m, 3 Jul 1988, J. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kirschner</a>, cultivated from achenes of JŠ 3387 as T 167 (PRA, no. det. 36765, 37761). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Usť-Ulagan District</a>, range of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kuraiskii Khrebet</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Mt. Aktash</a> (3121 m), subalpine and alpine western slopes, 2500–2600 m, 3 Jul 1988, J. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kirschner</a>, cultivated from achenes of JŠ 3386 as T 168 (PRA, no. det. 36767, 37759). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Usť-Ulagan District</a>, range of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kuraiskii Khrebet</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Mt. Aktash</a> (3121 m), subalpine and alpine western slopes, 2500–2600 m, 3 Jul 1988, J. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kirschner</a>, cultivated from achenes JŠ 3381 as T 170 (PRA, no. det. 36763, 37765). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Usť-Ulagan District</a>, range of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kuraiskii Khrebet</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Mt. Aktash</a> (3121 m), wet, mossy subalpine slopes with Taraxacum glabrum DC., 2500 –2600 m, 3 Jul 1988, J. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kirschner</a>, cultivated as T 172 (PRA, no. det. 36772, 37753). – [RUSSIA, Altai Republic] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kosh-Agach District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Kosh-Agach village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Yuzhno-Chuiskiy Range</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Tara (Dara) River</a> valley, 49°39”27.8’ N, 88°13”34.8’ E, 2221 m, 26 Jul 2011, J. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Danihelka</a>, cult. as JŠ 9688 (PRA, no. det. 37784). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Ibidem</a>, cult. as JŠ 9689 (PRA, no. det. 37786). – [RUSSIA, Altai Republic] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Severo-Chuiskiy Range</a>, ca. 16 km SW of Aktash, bank of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.21639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43445/lat 50.21639)">Eshtykol</a> R., 2135 m, 50°12’59”N, 87°26’04”E, 11 Aug. 2003, A. Chlebicki &amp; M. Suková, cult. as JŠ 7858 (PRA, no. det. 37792) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFDEFFE7FF78FB684A47B96E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFC2FFE2FF78FAEA4910BFDC.text	0399F353FFC2FFE2FF78FAEA4910BFDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum xiphodon Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>32. Taraxacum xiphodon Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, distr. Ongudaj, in pratis ad viam publicam in clausa mont. Seminskij Pereval dicta, ca. 1760 m, 27 Jun 1988 , J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 162 (PRA, no. det. 35851, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Sword-like teeth.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Plantae robustae foliis obscure viridibus arachnoideis interlobiis plerumque maculatis, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus variabiliter spectantibus, saepissime patentibus, arcuato-patentibus vel arcuato-recurvis, lineari-lanceolatis longissimis, apice cornutis, acheniis brevibus, corpore superne subdense spinuloso, in pyramidem subconicam brevem subsensim transeunte.</p><p>Plants robust, to ca. 20 cm tall. Petiole brownish purple, arachnoid to densely arachnoid, winged (unwinged in the innermost leaves), plant base without tunic. Leaves ± dark green to slightly greyish green, arachnoid, mostly along mid-vein, with “dirty” dark purple mid-vein, oblong in outline, 7–11 × 1.5–3.0 cm, usually pinnatisect to pinnatipartite; terminal segment relatively short, trilobed with acute tip and patent acute basal lobules, margins entire; lateral segments usually in 4–5 pairs, patent, narrowly deltoid-triangular to narrowly triangular, distal margin straight to concave, usually with several little teeth, proximal margin ± straight, entire, apex often acuminate; interlobes distinct, entire or irregularly denticulate, often blotched or spotted brown-purple; in each leaf rosette usually also undivided (dentate) or shallowly lobed leaves. Scapes usually brownish-purplish, arachnoid, overtopping inflorescence, often growing from outside the leaf rosette. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3.5 cm wide. Involucre blackish olivaceous-green, ca. 9–10 mm wide and rounded to subtruncate at base. Outer phyllaries 13–16, ± patent, arcuate-patent or arcuate-recurved, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, usually (8–) 9–11 (–12) × (2.0–) 2.3–3.0 (–3.7) mm, abaxial surface evenly blackish olivaceous-green, darker distally, border very narrow, whitish-membranous, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, adaxial surface deep olivaceous-green, margin glabrous, apex corniculate in early capitula, distinctly horned in later ones, horns black-purple, obtuse, usually to 1 mm long; inner phyllaries 14–19 mm long, blackish olivaceous-green, usually corniculate. Outer ligules narrow, canaliculate, striped greyish purple outside, teeth black-purple, inner ligule teeth purplish. Stigmas greenish, with dark grey pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, relatively small, usually 2.9–3.2 × 0.8–0.9 mm, body ± subdensely covered with short thin spinules in upper 1/4, subgradually narrowing into a subconical cone (0.4–) 0.5 (–0.6) mm long, ca. 0.35–0.40 mm thick at base, ca. 0.25 mm distally; beak thin, 8–9 mm long, pappus white, ca. 5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 4G, 53, 54.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—This species, with robust growth and narrow, long, variously patent to arcuate-recurved outer phyllaries, and small achenes, is rather reminiscent of T. sect. Taraxacum ( T. officinale s. lat.) and may be considered as intermediate between the two sections. However, the outer phyllaries with conspicuous black-purple horns in later capitula and the short, subconical to ± conical cone point to T. sect. Borealia. The broadly winged petiole of middle leaves, patent, narrowly deltoid-triangular lateral segments, blotched or spotted interlobes also characterize T. xiphodon .</p><p>Distribution:— Taraxacum xiphodon is known from a single macrolocality in the pass of Seminskiy Pereval, Ongudai District, Altai Republic. In all likelihood, however, it is more widely distributed in the northern Altai.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] the Altai Mts., Ongudai District, meadows in the vicinity of Seminskiy Pereval [pass], ca. 1760 m, 27 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 162 (PRA, no. det. 36742, isotype) .</p><p>Species characterized by numerous, linear-lanceolate outer phyllaries with conspicuous horns, and a very narrow leaf shape</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFC2FFE2FF78FAEA4910BFDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFC7FFE0FF78FC344B5EBC8A.text	0399F353FFC7FFE0FF78FC344B5EBC8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum kolymense Khokhryakov 1973	<div><p>33. Taraxacum kolymense Khokhryakov (1973: 47)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA, The Far East] Sredne-Kansk, 29 Jul 1969, A. P. Khokhryakov &amp; M. T. Mazurenko (MHA 33873, photo!, lectotype, designated in Kirschner et al. 2022a: 158); isolectotypes: MHA 33875, photo !; MHA 33874, photo !; MHA 33872, photo !; MHA 33871, photo !; MHA 33870, photo !).</p><p>Type indication:— Magadanskaya oblast’, Ust’-Srednekan, galechnik po beregy r. Kolymy [Magadan Region, Ust’-Srednekan, gravel along Kolyma R.], 30 Jul 1969 [Russian text] / 29 Jul 1969 [Latin text], M. T. Mazurenko &amp; A. P. Khokhryakov .</p><p>Etymology:—Kolyma, a river with sources in the Magadan Region, and the middle and lower streams in the Sakha Republic, NE. Siberia.</p><p>Note 1:— The original material of T. kolymense consists of a very rich and representative gathering in MHA, comprising seven well prepared herbarium specimens with 29 plants, some of them with fruits. It was collected by M. T. Mazurenko and A. P. Khokhryakov on July 29, 1969. The specimen that would be collected on July 30, 1969, as indicated in the Russian part of the protologue, is missing from the herbarium MHA. We consider the latter date (July 30) as a mistake, and our description and the interpretation is based on a rich gathering collected a day before, on July 29, 1969 (see the list of syntypes and Specimens examined). As the whole gathering was designated as a holotype, lectotype was designated in Kirschner et al. (2022a) .</p><p>Note 2:— A full treatment of T. kolymense, including an image of the newly designated lectotype specimen, was published in Kirschner et al. (2022a)</p><p>Plants slender, ca. 12–23 cm tall. Petiole long, narrow, narrowly winged, pale greenish, sometimes suffused purple, subglabrous. Leaves light green, ± glabrous, linear to linear-oblanceolate, usually 6–13 × 0.6–1.0 cm, undivided, most often with remote, very short teeth, or wholly entire, only seldom sinuate-dentate, with more numerous, patent to recurved teeth, seldom leaves pinnatisect, with 2–3 pairs of patent, narrowly deltoid entire lateral segments; mid-vein usually pale green. Scapes light green to light brownish green, later often suffused purplish, sparsely arachnoid below capitulum, ± equalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 2.5 cm wide. Involucre olivaceous-green, ca. 4–6 mm wide and ± narrowly obconical at base. Outer phyllaries 10–13 (15), appressed to loosely appressed, some ± erect, subimbricate, linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, usually 5–7 × 1.2–1.5 (–2.0) mm, ± light olivaceous green to deep grey-green, with a ± gradual transition into a paler light greenish border ca. 0.1–0.3 mm wide (sometimes border not visible or purplish), margin subglabrous, apex with a thick horn to ca. 1 mm long; inner phyllaries 10–12 mm long, corniculate. Outer ligules flat to canaliculate, striped very light purplish outside. Stigmas discoloured. Pollen present, regular in size. Achene set with a significant, relatively high proportion of sterile achenes, usually slender, to 0.5 mm thick, whitish grey or otherwise paler than fully developed achenes. Achenes red-brown or greyish light brown (with a light pinkish hue) when well developed, 4.3–4.7 × 0.8–1.0 mm, sparsely to densely spinulose in upper 1/5–1/4, gradually narrowing into a short, subcylindrical cone ca. 0.3–0.5 mm long; beak thin, ca. (4.5–) 7 mm long, pappus yellowish white, ca. 5.5–6 mm long. – Sexual. – Fig. 55, 56.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The basic features show the distinctiveness of T. kolymense: The very narrow, narrowly, inconspicuously bordered outer phyllaries with distinct horns, narrow, usually linear, mostly undivided leaves, obconical involucre base, and achenes with a short cone are diagnostic. It may be compared with T. lenense with the deep grey or deep grey-olivaceous achenes spinulose and tuberculate throughout, outer ligules striped grey-purple outside, deeply lobed leaves, involucre broader and rounded at base. Taraxacum lateritium can be distinguished by its broader outer phyllaries, much longer cone and ± glabrous scapes. Taraxacum badzhalense differs from T. kolymense in a totally different leaf shape, longer inner phyllaries and a longer beak. And last, T. macilentum is distinct from T. kolymense in having lanceolate, broader outer phyllaries, light greyish stramineous brown achenes with a longer cone, and a longer beak.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from a single macrolocality along Kolyma River, the Magadan Region.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[RUSSIA, The Far East] Magadanskaya oblast’, Ust’-Srednekan, a gravelly slope, 29</p><p>Jul 1969, A. Khokhryakov &amp; M. Mazurenko (MHA 33876!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFC7FFE0FF78FC344B5EBC8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFC5FFEEFF78FE864C68BA7D.text	0399F353FFC5FFEEFF78FE864C68BA7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum lenense Tzvelev	<div><p>34. Taraxacum lenense Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 190)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Sakha Republic] Yakutskaya ASSR, severnaya okonechnost’ Kharaulakhskogo khrebta, pravyy bereg <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.666664/lat 72.333336)">Bykovskoi</a> protoki r. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.666664/lat 72.333336)">Leny</a>, okresnosti p. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.666664/lat 72.333336)">Sokol</a> [Lower Lena, northern Kharaulakh Range, right bank of Bykov river branch of Lena river, vicinity of Sokol village, a hilly right bank of Lena 8 km south of Stolb Island, schist], 72°20’ N, 125°40’ E, goristyy pravyy bereg <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.666664/lat 72.333336)">Leny</a> v 8 km yuzhnee o. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.666664/lat 72.333336)">Stolb</a>, slantsevaya osyp’, 23 Aug 1956, T. G. Polozova &amp; B. A. Yurtzev (LE, no. det. 6084, holotype; another seven plants as isotypes in LE: no. det. 17146, 17147, 17148, 17149, 17150, 17151) .</p><p>Etymology:—Named according to the Siberian Lena River, the longest river in Russia.</p><p>Plants relatively slender, ca. 12–14 (–20) cm tall. Petiole unwinged, often suffused purplish, tunic ± absent. Leaves deep green, subglabrous, linear-oblanceolate in outline, usually 5–8 × 0.7–1.3 cm, later longer, ± pinnatipartite, usually with 2–3 (4) pairs of triangular lateral segments, distal margin usually sigmoid (with broad base), entire or seldom with sparse minute teeth, proximal margin ± patent, entire; terminal segment large, triangular-subhastate, ca. 1.5 × 1.1 cm, entire or subentire, basal lobules short, patent, acute; interlobes 2–4 mm wide, usually entire. Scapes brownish green, often suffused purplish proximally, arachnoid, densely so below capitulum, overtopping leaves. Capitulum deep yellow, ca. 2 cm wide. Involucre blackish green, 7–8 mm wide and narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 13– 16, ± appressed, ± subimbricate, usually narrowly lanceolate (the innermost ones to linear-lanceolate, the outermost sometimes ovate-lanceolate), usually 4–6 (–7) × (1.5–) 2.0– 2.5 mm, surface black-green, distally often suffused purple, margin almost invisible, ± whitish, less than 0.1 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate, apex with distinct horns to 1 mm long; inner phyllaries black-green, 11–13 mm long, later elongating, apex ± corniculate or ± flat. Outer ligules ± flat, striped grey-purple outside, teeth dark grey. Stigmas dark discoloured. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes grey, sometimes deep grey-olivaceous, 5.0–5.3 × 1.0– 1.3 mm, body densely covered with coarse, relatively short, erect or curved spinules and squamules in upper 1/3–1/2, subgradually narrowing into a subcylindrical to subconical, relatively thick cone (0.5–) 0.6–0.7 × ca. 0.4 (–0.5) mm; beak ± thin, ca. 0.2–0.25 mm thick, ca. 5–6 mm long, pappus yellowish or yellowish white, ca. 6.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 57, 58.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The narrow, dark, indistinctly, narrowly bordered, conspicuously horned outer phyllaries, and pure grey or deep grey-olivaceous, densely spinulose achenes make a diagnostic character combination.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from a single macrolocality on the lowermost Lena River; the gathering is very rich and representative, however.</p><p>Comparison of the North Asiatic Taraxacum sect. Borealia with plants from North America</p><p>As regards the sectional and species diversity of Taraxacum, both regions are comparable. The most striking difference is the low species diversity of T. sect. Arctica in Alaska, Yukon and the NWT. This phenomenon, nevertheless may be a consequence of the lower level of exploration, or the problematic cultivation of Arcticoid plants (Haglund 1946).</p><p>Taraxacum sect. Borealia, when compared between the above two main regions, also exhibits quite striking features. The American species very often do not develop pollen, which is an attribute seldom encountered in Asiatic Russia. The same asymmetry concerns the achene colour: the American plants frequently have achenes reddish, cinnamon, brown, ochraceous-reddish etc. while the Asiatic ones predominantly have light greyish straw-brown achenes. As regards the reproduction mode, in Russia the sexuality is extremely rare (see T. kolymense, Kirschner et al. 2022a, and T. leucocarpum). In Alaska and Yukon, the sexuality in T. sect. Borealia remains unknown but it is getting more common towards the south (Montana, California).</p><p>There are several species groups with the greatest diversity in North America that are to be considered when studying Russian Asiatic plants.</p><p>group of T. lacerum ( T. sublacerum)</p><p>group of T. ceratophorum s. str. ( T. dumetorum, T. kodiakense, T. subtrigonum)</p><p>group of T. lateritium group of T. anadyrense – T. leucoglossum</p><p>Predominantly Alaskan and Aleutian species with outer phyllaries imbricate, short, of a broad shape and usually with a distinct but relatively narrow border</p><p>There is a distinctive group of species centred in the Aleutians, the Pribilof Islands and adjacent parts of continental Alaska, and confined to Kamchatka and islands in Bering Sea on the Russian side. It is characterized primarily by the numerous, ovate or even broadly ovate, conspicuously imbricate, variably but usually narrowly bordered outer phyllaries with blackish abaxial surface, relatively robust growth, presence of pollen and discoloured stigmas. The group includes T. ceratophorum s. str. (= T. trigonolobum), a species widespread in the Aleutians, on Kodiak Isl., Commander Isl., the SE. Kamchatka (with sites in C. Kamchatka), distinct in having light greyish stramineous-brown achenes, conspicuous deltoid-triangular leaf lobes, densely hairy scapes etc. Other, similar species to be mentioned are T. callorhinorum (red achenes), T. chamissonis (sayal brown achenes), T. pribilofense (also sayal brown achenes but conspicuously dentate leaf lobes and purple petioles), and T. subtrigonum, a new species described from central Kamchatka below (narrow, pale petioles, sparse idumentum). There are similar, probably not closely related species in Alaska, T. kodiakense (lower number of outer phyllaries that are not clearly imbricate) or T. mitratum . In Kamchatka, there are two rather unclear species requiring a new material, marginally belonging to this group: T. latisquameum and T. malaisei . The former has outer phyllaries close to those of T. ceratophorum s. str., and is reported not to develop pollen (its achenes remain unknown), the latter is also believed not to have pollen, and its numerous, imbricate outer phyllaries are ± broadly bordered, and the type plant may be closer to T. hultenii .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFC5FFEEFF78FE864C68BA7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFCBFFECFF78F9D44997BFA2.text	0399F353FFCBFFECFF78F9D44997BFA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledebour 1829) Candolle 1838	<div><p>35. Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) Candolle (1838: 146) ≡ Leontodon ceratophorus Ledebour (1829: 9) Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka] “Sem. in Kamtschatka legit Eschscholtz” [Seeds collected by Eschscholtz in Kamchatka, determined as:]</p><p>“ Leontodon kamtschaticus m. ” [which is crossed out and replaced by] “ Leontodon ceratophorus m. ”, [Eschscholtz] (LE, no. det.</p><p>6134, lectotype, fide Tzvelev 1992: 376, see also Kirschner et al. (2014: 587).</p><p>= Taraxacum trigonolobum Dahlstedt (1926b: 8)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka, selected syntypes studied] Bassein Kronockago ozera, gora Krascheninnikova, 19 Aug 1909, V. Komarov 3248 (LE, no. det. 6031, syntype) . – Kamtchatka, Avatschavulkanen, 675 m, 30 Jul 1920, E. Hultén 610 (S 13-11608!, syntype) .</p><p>= Taraxacum aleuticum Tatewaki &amp; Kitamura in Tatewaki &amp; Kobayashi (1934: 89)</p><p>Type:—[ USA, Alaska, Aleutian Islands] Atka, 6 Jul 1929, M. Tatewaki &amp; K. Takahashi [SAP, holotype, n. v., fide Haglund, Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 40: 341 (1946)] .</p><p>= Taraxacum atkaense Tatewaki &amp; Kitamura in Tatewaki &amp; Kobayashi (1934: 90)</p><p>Type:—[ USA, Alaska, Aleutian Islands] Atka, 27 Jun 1931, Y. Kobayashi [SAP, holotype, n. v., fide Haglund, Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 42: 330 (1948)] .</p><p>Note:—For the explanation of the above synonymy, see p. 11–13.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, usually 12–17 cm tall. Petiole pale green, glabrous, broadly winged, plant base without tunic. Leaves light green, ± glabrous, ± oblanceolate in outline, usually 5–11 × 1.7–2.8 cm, sometimes undivided, usually pinnatifid to pinnatipartite; terminal segment flat triangular or flat rhombic, often subobtuse, or with a minute mucro, margins ± entire; lateral segments in 3–4 pairs, patent to subpatent, usually deltoid to deltoid-triangular, distal margin subconvex or straight, entire or with a single short tooth, proximal margin usually straight, entire; interlobes short and broad, ± entire; mid-vein pale greenish. Scapes brownish green, often suffused light reddish, distally densely arachnoid or ± arachnoid, ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum light yellow to yellow, ca. 3–4 cm wide. Involucre deep olivaceous green, slightly pruinose, 8–11 mm wide and rounded to broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually (11–) 13–16 (–20), appressed, imbricate, outer of them ± broadly ovate to ovate, usually 4.0–5.5 × 3.2–3.8 mm, inner of them usually 5.8–6.2 (–7.5) × 2.0– 2.5 mm, surface blackish olivaceous-green, with a black line in the middle and a variously broad blackish olivaceous-green zone, with a gradual transition into a lighter olivaceous-green zone (usually to 0.8–1.0 mm wide) and ± sharply delimited whitish or whitish-membranous border usually 0.3–0.4 mm, sometimes to 0.7–0.8 mm wide; sometimes phyllaries wholly black-green, then the paler zone is lacking, and the border is quite distinct, margin ± ciliate, apex with dark horns 1–2 mm long (in later capitula); inner phyllaries 11–14 mm long, olivaceous-green, often coalescing, apex corniculate. Outer ligules flat, very faintly striped light greyish or unstriped outside, teeth dirty yellow. Stigmas discoloured, yellowish green. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 4.3–4.4 × ca. 1.0 mm, body ± densely spinulose in upper 1/3, subabruptly narrowing in a subconical cone ca. 0.7 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick at base, ca. 0.35 mm distally; beak ca. 10 mm long or longer, pappus white to yellowish white, 6–6.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 2, 59.</p><p>Note:— Dahlstedt (1926b: 8) reported the absence of pollen in T. trigonolobum . In the LE syntype cited above, pollen is present, in the other syntype (herb. S) we found only sparse pollen grains. Other specimens seen are polliniferous. The lectotype specimen of T. ceratophorum is polliniferous.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Haglund (1946, 1948) discussed the characters of T. ceratophorum (as T. trigonolobum) in considerable detail, mainly when comparing it with T. chamissonis Greene (1901: 230) . The most conspicuous features of T. ceratophorum s. str. are the imbricate, relatively short outer phyllaries with a variably broad but always distinct whitish to whitish-green border, and the leaf shape with broad, patent, ± deltoid lateral segments, see also Fig. 2 under T. ceratophorum, and Haglund (1948, fig. 20).</p><p>Distribution:—The distribution range of T. ceratophorum s. str. was summarized by Haglund (1948: fig. 21); in Asiatic Russia, it is confined to the SE. Kamchatka, Commander Islands, and it was documented from southern Alaska, including Kodiak, and from the Aleutians. The two gatherings from Kamchatka, see below, are considered as uncertain representatives of T. ceratophorum s. str.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatskiy Kray] Commander Islands, Mednyy Island, Gladkovskaya Bukhta [bay], 3–10 m from the beach, 23 Jun 1992, A. Rzhavskiy (KAM, no. det. 36854, 36780). – Commander Islands, Mednyy Island, rocks by the sea, 7 Jul 1992, A. Rzhavskiy (KAM, no. det. 36771). – Less certain identification:— Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, Bystrinskiy Nature Park, NW. part of the Park, 56°25.510’ N, 157°42.527’ E, turf among stones near a brook, 747 m, 18 Jul 2014, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36848). – Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, Sredinnyy Khrebet, upper Bystraya River, near the Marina Pass, ca. 1000 m, 31 Jul 1988, O. Chernyagina (KAM, no. det. 36856, 36853). – Numerous localities from the Aleutians and the adjacent Alaska were listed by Haglund (1946, 1948).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFCBFFECFF78F9D44997BFA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFC9FFEBFF78FBAE4BA3B910.text	0399F353FFC9FFEBFF78FBAE4BA3B910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum subtrigonum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>36. Taraxacum subtrigonum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamchatskiy kray, Bystrinskiy raion, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.93242&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.4758" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.93242/lat 56.4758)">Bystrinskiy</a> prirodnyy park, severo-zapadnaya chast’ parka, 56°28.548’ N, 157°55.945’ E, nizkotravnyy sklon SV ekspozicii [Kamchatka, NW. part of the Bystrinskiy Nature Park, a short-grass NE. slope], 1088 m, 26 Jul 2014, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36858, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—With leaf segments of a nearly triangular shape.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Affinis Taraxaci trigonolobi sed differt statura gracilior, forma foliorum plus complicata, petiolis angustis, phyllariis exterioribus subimbricatis vel non imbricatis, angustissime marginatis, acheniis longioribus et pyramide subcylindrica, etiam scapis glabrescentibus vel sparsissime arachnoideis.</p><p>Plants small to medium-sized, of a relatively slender growth, usually 12–15 (–20) cm tall. Petiole light green, narrow and unwinged or narrowly winged in middle and later leaves, winged in the earliest leaves, often missing or decaying during flowering, glabrous, plant base without indumentum or tunic. Leaves light vivid green, glabrous, ± oblanceolate, usually 6–11 (–15) × 1.5–2.5 (–3.0) cm, usually pinnatifid to pinnatisect, with 2–3 (4) pairs of patent to subrecurved, deltoid-triangular to narrowly triangular lateral segments, distal margin ± convex and entire in earlier leaves, sigmoid or ± straight, entire or very sparsely denticulate in later middle leaves, proximal margin ± straight, entire, in later leaves often with a single tooth, apical part often elongated, acute to lingulate; terminal segment flat triangular or triangular-hastate; interlobes entire or with sparse short teeth; mid-vein usually suffused purplish, at least distally. Scapes brownish green, usually suffused purplish distally, subglabrous or with sparse arachnoid hairs, not more densely hairy below capitulum, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, 3–4 cm wide. Involucre deep grey-green or black-green, sometimes ± pruinose, mostly not so, 7–8 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 11–14, appressed, subimbricate to ± not imbricate, (the lowermost ones) broadly ovate to (upper) ovate-lanceolate, usually (4–) 5–6 (–8) × 2.5–4 mm, surface ± evenly black-green, rarely olivaceous-green, paler border often not developed, sometimes membranous or whitish membranous, very narrow, usually 0.1–0.2 mm, rarely to 0.3 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate, apex darker, flat or corniculate; inner phyllaries blackish olivaceous-green, flat or minutely corniculate. Outer ligules flat, striped grey or pinkish grey outside, sometimes faintly so, teeth blackish. Stigmas dark discoloured, almost black when dry. Pollen sparsely present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, 4.9–5.2 × ca. 1 mm, body with subdense short spinules and squamules in upper 1/3, subgradually narrowing in a subcylindrical cone 0.9–1.2 mm long, usually ca. 0.4 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally; beak thin, ca. 9 mm long, pappus white, 6.5–7.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 60–62.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum subtrigonum is very close to T. ceratophorum s. str. (= T. trigonolobum) but can be distinguished by scapes glabrous or very sparsely arachnoid (not densely arachnoid below capitulum), petioles of middle leaves narrow, unwinged, the ± slender growth (not robust as in T. ceratophorum s. str.), outer phyllaries unbordered or very narrowly bordered, subimbricate or ± not imbricate, and achenes longer, with a longer, subcylindrical cone.</p><p>Distribution:—According to the material available, T. subtrigonum seems to be relatively common in Central Kamchatka, in the Bystrinskiy and Mil’kovskiy Districts. It prefers tundra sites and various habitats along brooks, usually from 800 to 1200 m a.s.l.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Bystrinskiy District, Bol’shoe Gol’tsovoe Lake, 56°28.251’ N, 157°57.065’ E, 867 m, a meadow near the lake, 24 Jul 1914, V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Buryy</a> (herb. V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Buryy</a>, no. det. 36847). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Kamchatskiy Kray</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, upper stream of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Tupikin Klyuch</a>, along an unnamed drying-up brook, 55.90497° N, 158.78506° E, 1012 m, 23 Aug 2012, V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Buryy</a> (herb. V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Buryy</a>, no. det. 36849). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Kamchatskiy Kray</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, Bystrinskiy Nature Park, NW. part of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Park</a>, 56°28.461’ N, 157°56.497’ E, 987 m, 25 Jul 2014, V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Buryy</a> (herb. V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Buryy</a>, no. det. 36851). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Kamchatskiy Kray</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Opal’ka River</a>, ca. 1.5 km E of 56°16.958’ N, 159°20.291’ E, ca. 1000 m, stony tundra, 30 Jul 2014, A. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Lace</a> (herb. V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Buryy</a>, no. det. 36857). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Central</a> Kamchatka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Mil’kovskiy District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Nikolka</a>, ca. 1260 m, tundra slope near rocks, 20 Aug 1987, V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Yakubov</a> (KAM, no. det. 36859). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, SW. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Ichinskaya Sopka</a> volcano, near R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Galdavit</a>, 55°46.467’ N, 157°45.368’ E, 1223 m, 31 Jul 2015, V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Buryy</a> T076 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36911). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, Kozyrevskiy Khrebet range, vicinity of the village of Esso, 55°54.247’N, 158°47.467’E, 1095 m, 16 Aug 2015, V. V. Buryy T072, T073 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36913, 36914). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, Kozyrevskiy Khrebet range, vicinity of Esso, mountain tundra, 55°55.090’N, 158°48.207’E, 1420 m, 28 Jul 2022, V. V. Buryy T003 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36918). – Less certain identification:— Kamchatka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, Bystrinskiy Nature Park, NW. part of the Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bol’shoe Gol’tsovoe Lake</a>, 56°27.634’ N, 157°57.138’ E, 858 m, 26 Jul 2014, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36850). – Kamchatskiy Kray, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, Sredinnyy Khrebet, sources of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Pravaya Nachiki River</a>, zone of tundra, shore of a drying-up lake, 56°08.818’ N, 159°06.736’ E, 1196 m, 15 Aug 2014, K. G. Klimova (KAM, no. det. 36853). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, SW. of Ichinskaya Sopka volcano, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Mt. Dva Brata</a>, 55°35.369’ N, 157°29.603’ E, 1375 m, 8 Aug 2017, V. V. Buryy T051 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36916). – Kamchatka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, Bystrinskiy Nature Park, NW. part of the Park, 56°25.510’ N, 157°42.527’ E, turf among stones near a brook, 747 m, 18 Jul 2014, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36848). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.57033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.57033/lat 55.609116)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, W. of Ichinskaya Sopka volcano, lake shore, 55°36.547’N, 157°34.220’E, 1163 m, 4 Aug 2015, V. V. Buryy T003 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36931) .</p><p>Species with achenes light fulvous, red, red-brown or reddish brown</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFC9FFEBFF78FBAE4BA3B910	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFCEFFE8FF78FAF84CFDBB67.text	0399F353FFCEFFE8FF78FAF84CFDBB67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum rufum Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>37. Taraxacum rufum Dahlstedt (1930: 228)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamtchatka, Korjatskaja volcano, 14 Aug 1928, W. Eyerdam (S 13-8868!, syntype; S 11-21382!, syntype; LE, no. det. 6036, syntype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Red, carroty, gingery.</p><p>Plants relatively robust, to ca. 15 cm tall. Petiole light green, unwinged, tunic absent. Leaves mid-green to light green, subglabrous to glabrous, linear-oblong to linear oblanceolate in outline, ca. 7–10 × 1.0– 1.7 cm, pinnatisect, with 3–5 pairs of narrowly triangular, recurved to subhamate, acute lateral segments, distal margin most often with a single lobule, entire in the most distal segments, straight of subconvex, proximal margin ± straight, usually entire; terminal segment ± triangular to almost tripartite with acute terminal and basal lobules; interlobes narrow, entire or with a single tooth or lobule. Scapes sparsely arachnoid. Capitulum not available. Involucre blackish green, ± rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 12–14, ± appressed, narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ca. 6–7 × 2.2–2.7 mm, blackish green in the broad middle zone, with a gradual transition in a slightly paler submarginal zone, border not distinct, pale greenish, narrow, visible in basal part of some phyllaries, margin ± glabrous, apex with black cornicles or horns; inner phyllaries probably 12–14 mm long, corniculate. Stigmas discoloured. Pollen probably present. Achenes red-brown, ca. 4.3–4.5 × 1.0– 1.3 mm, body densely spinulose and squamulose in upper 1/3, subgradually narrowing into a thick subcylindrical cone, usually 0.8–0.9 mm long, 0.35–0.50 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3–0.4 mm distally; beak ± thin, ca. 8 mm long or longer at full maturity, pappus ± yellowish white, ca. 5.5–6.0 mm long. – Fig. 63.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum rufum is based on a rather late gathering. In the leaf shape and features of achenes, it is similar to T. stepanovae but differs in the shape and coloration of outer phyllaries. The possible difference in flower colour cannot be evaluated with certainty (flowers lacking in the original material of T. rufum; the remnants of florets in LE, no. det. 6036, seem to be yellow).</p><p>Distribution:—Known from the southern Kamchatka (Koryakskaya Sopka, type gathering), and from Mil’kovskiy District in Central Kamchatka.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatskaya Oblast] Central Kamchatka, Mil’kovskiy District, Nikolka, an east-exposed tundra slope, ca. 1150 m, 15 Aug 1987, V. V. Yakubov (KAM, no. det. 36846) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFCEFFE8FF78FAF84CFDBB67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFCDFFE9FF78F8D349F2B89F.text	0399F353FFCDFFE9FF78F8D349F2B89F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum rubiginans Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>38. Taraxacum rubiginans Dahlstedt (1930: 227)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamtschatka centralis, Anauna river, in the alpine region, 19 Aug 1926, R. Malaise 314 (S 11-21380!, holotype; isotype: LE, no. det. 6037) .</p><p>Etymology:—Getting rusty or rust-coloured.</p><p>Note:—A species intermediate between T. sect. Arctica and T. sect. Borealia. The broadly winged petioles of outer leaves point to the latter section; they are visible on the earlier plants present in S 11-21380. The main problem of the name interpretation is the scanty, mostly rather late original material.</p><p>Plants small, to ca. 10 cm tall. Petiole green, broadly winged in outer middle leaves, narrow, unwinged in later, inner leaves. Leaves greyish mid-green, ± glabrous, oblanceolate in outline, usually ca. 4–6 (–7) × 1.2–1.9 cm, early middle leaves with 1–3 short, ± patent, broadly deltoid to deltoid-triangular, ±entire lateral segments and terminal segment broadly flat-triangular, subacute, inner leaves pinnatisect, with 2–3 pairs of subrecurved, narrowly triangular or bird-wing-shaped subentire lateral segments and a triangular, acute terminal segment; interlobes usually with a few, remote, short teeth; mid-vein usually purplish. Scapes brownish green, suffused purplish, subglabrous, overtopping inflorescence. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3.0– 3.5 cm wide. Involucre black-green, ca. 8 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 13–14, appressed, ± imbricate, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ± acuminate, ca. 4–5 (–7) × (2.3–) 2.5–3.0 mm, surface ± evenly black-green, with black middle line and black-purple apex, border invisible or very narrow, inconspicuous, membranous 0.1–0.2 (–0.3) mm wide, margin ± glabrous, apex flat to callose; inner phyllaries 12–13 mm long, flat or callose. Outer ligules flat, usually striped greenish grey outside, teeth blackish. Stigma dark discoloured. Pollen (probably) absent. Achenes reddish brown, (4.5–) 4.8–5.3 × 1.0– 1.1 mm, body sparsely to subdensely spinulose in upper 1/4–1/3, ± gradually narrowing into a conical cone 0.8–1.0 mm long, ca. 0.5–0.6 mm thick at base, ca. 0.4 mm distally; beak thin, ca. 9–10 mm long, pappus white, ca. 6.5–7.0 mm long. – Fig. 64, 65.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—From species of T. sect. Arctica Dahlstedt (1921: 37), it differs in having broadly winged petioles in early middle leaves and a long beak. The reddish brown, relatively long achenes with a conical, relatively thick cone, imbricate outer phyllaries with a very narrow, indistinct or almost invisible border represent the diagnostic characters. Achene shape, leaf shape and imbricate outer phyllaries distinguish it from T. rufum . In the features of outer phyllaries and leaves, T. rubiginans approaches T. anadyrense but the achenes are diagnostic.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from several localities in Bystrinskiy District in Central Kamchatka. It grows in tundra habitats and mountain grasslands.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, NW part of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.34404&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.491768" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.34404/lat 56.491768)">Nature Park</a>, 56°29.506’N, 158°20.642’E, 493 m, 3 Aug 2014, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36925) . – Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, Ichinskaya Sopka, 3 km W of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.50076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.602116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.50076/lat 55.602116)">Lake Ketachan</a>, upper stream of R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.50076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.602116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.50076/lat 55.602116)">Rassoshina</a>, 55°36.127’N, 157°30.046’E, 1400 m, 8 Aug 2017, V. V. Buryy T093 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36906) . – Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, vicinity of village of Esso, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.80763&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.897533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.80763/lat 55.897533)">Kozyrevskiy Khrebet</a>, 55°53.852’N, 158°48.458’E, 1319 m, 15 Aug 2015, V. V. Buryy T060 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36904) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFCDFFE9FF78F8D349F2B89F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFCCFFD5FF78F9744CB0BE76.text	0399F353FFCCFFD5FF78F9744CB0BE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum crassicarpum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>39. Taraxacum crassicarpum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, distr. Ongudaj, in pratis montanis supra pagum Aktaš, ca. 2000 m, 4–5 Jul 1988 , J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 131 (PRA, no. det. 35858, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Having thick fruits (achenes).</p><p>Diagnosis:— A speciebus nobis notis e sectione Borealiorum distinctissima phyllariis pruinosis, subimbricatis, albomarginatis, conspicue ciliolatis, et praesertim acheniis roseo-stramineis vel rubellis crassis, corpore superne sparse squamuloso, in pyramidem crassam conicam sensim transeunte.</p><p>Plants small, to 10 cm tall. Petiole purplish abaxially, usually green adaxially, sparsely arachnoid, usually narrowly winged, tunic absent. Leaves ± mid-green, most often with purplish mid-vein, sparsely arachnoid to glabrous, ± oblanceolate in outline, usually 4–7 × 1.0– 1.5 cm, pinnatilobed to pinnatisect, some plants with a majority of undivided or sinuate-dentate or shallowly lobed leaves, most leaves with an acute, triangular to helmet-shaped-triangular terminal segment with ± entire margins, lateral segments in 2–4 irregular pairs, usually recurved (often with distal part patent), distal margin subconcave, usually with a single acute tooth, sometimes with several little teeth, proximal margin entire or sparsely denticulate, interlobes variable, often with raised and sparsely denticulate margins. Scape usually brownish green, initially densely arachnoid, distally arachnoid-tomentose, later sparsely arachnoid to glabrescent, equalling to ± overtopping inflorescence. Capitulum comparatively light yellow, 3–4 cm wide. Involucre ± light olivaceous green, slightly pruinose, 9–10 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries short and numerous, (14) 17–21, appressed, subimbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate (sometimes the outermost ones narrowly lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm wide), usually (5–) 6–8 × (2.2–) 2.6–3.0 (–3.3) mm, surface greyish dark green and pruinose, with a distinct, sharply delimited whitish border ca. 0.3 mm wide, and with distinct black middle line, margin usually denticulate, ± densely and long ciliate, apex with blackish horns to ca. 1.5–1.8 mm long; adaxial surface (usually not visible) pale yellowish green. Inner phyllaries light olivaceous-green, usually coalescing (then with two blackish lines), apex distinctly corniculate. Outer ligules narrow, striped grey or pinkish grey outside, teeth grey-pink, inner ligule teeth dirty pinkish yellow. Stigmas deep grey with black pubescence outside. Pollen abundant, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes robust, light pinkish or fulvous stramineous-brown to light reddish, (4.8–) 5.0–5.5 × (1.3–) 1.4–1.5 (–1.6) mm, body with ± sparse squamules or with a few rows of short, coalescing squamules in upper 1/4, very gradually narrowing in thick conical cone (0.7–) 0.8–1.0 (–1.1) mm long, (0.6–) 0.7–0.8 mm wide at base, 0.4–0.5 mm distally, beak slightly thickened, ca. 0.25 mm thick, ca. (6–) 7–8 mm long, pappus ± white, 6.5–7 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 3D, 66, 67.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The achenes of T. crassicarpum are long, light stramineous-brown with a conspicuous pinkish or light fulvous hue, and the achene body is thick, with sparse short squamules, sometimes arranged in rows, the cone is thick, conical. This character combination is diagnostic itself; there are other important characters, however: the involucre is pruinose, with numerous outer phyllaries having the surface pruinose, grey, with a sharply delimited white border and margins conspicuously ciliate.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from a few localities, one on the southern slopes of the Ai-Gulak Range, north and northeast of Aktash village, the other on the Severo-Chuiskiy Khrebet above Chibit village, both the Central Altai.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] Ongudai District, subalpine meadows above [north of] the village of Aktash, ca. 2000 m, 4–5 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 131 (PRA, no. det. 36760). – Ongudai District, Severo-Chuiskiy Khrebet, ca. 8 km SSW of Chibit, ca. 2290 m, 50°14”43’ N, 87°27”43’ E, 10 Aug 2003, M. Suková, cult. as JŠ 7853 (PRA, no. det. 37790). – Ibidem, cult. as JŠ 7852 (PRA, no. det. 37788) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFCCFFD5FF78F9744CB0BE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFF0FFD5FF78FDC248A6BA92.text	0399F353FFF0FFD5FF78FDC248A6BA92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum pseudoglabrum Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>40. Taraxacum pseudoglabrum Dahlstedt (1930: 225)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamtchatka, Kljutschevskaja volcano, 6 Aug 1927, R . Malaise (S 13-6972!, syntype; S 13-6975!, syntype) .</p><p>Note:— We failed to locate the third, fruiting syntype, “Anauna R., also high up in the mts.”, 5 Sep 1926, R. Malaise 305 (S, n. v.), and the achene description is derived from the protologue data and illustrations, and from KAM, no. det. 36777 .</p><p>Etymology:—Resembling T. glabrum .</p><p>Plants relatively slender, to 12–15 cm tall. Petiole light green, sometimes slightly suffused pinkish, ± glabrous, winged, tunic absent. Leaves ± light green, ± glabrous to subglabrous, most often 5–9 (–11.5) × 1–1.7 (–2) cm, often totally undivided and entire or indistinctly sinuate, spathulate to oblanceolate, apex often subobtuse; some leaves shallowly to deeply pinnatilobed, with 1–2 (3) pairs of short, flat triangular lobes or lobules with ± entire margins, or lobes triangular, subrecurved. Scapes brownish green, often suffused reddish, subglabrous to very sparsely arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3.5 cm wide. Involucre dark, often blackish olivaceous-green, ca. 7–8 mm wide and subobconical to narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries (13) 14–16 (19), appressed, imbricate, from ovate to ovate-lanceolate (apex elongated), ca. (3.8–) 4.0–6.0 (–6.5) × 1.8–2.2 (–2.7) mm, middle part blackish green, with a very gradual transition in a gradually less deep coloured, dark olivaceous-green zone and to an relatively broad but indistinct, ± membranous border ca. 0.5 mm wide (sometimes the black-green colour over most of the phyllary’s surface), margin probably ± glabrous, apex flat to black corniculate; inner phyllaries blackish olivaceous-green, very often coalescing, usually ca. 10–12 mm long, flat to callose. Outer ligules flat, often not striped, or faitly striped greyish-pinkish outside, teeth ± dirty yellow. Stigmas dark discoloured, almost blackish. Pollen present. Achenes reddish brown, ca. 4.5–4.8 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, body sparsely and shortly spinulose or tuberculate in upper 1/4, gradually narrowing into a conical cone 0.5–0.8 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm thick at base; beak thin, ca. 10 mm long. – Fig. 68.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum pseudoglabrum is a remarkable species with a unique character combination: reddish, very sparsely and shortly spinulose/squamulose achenes with a short, conical cone, imbricate and broadly bordered outer phyllaries, and often undivided or shallowly lobed, frequently almost entire leaves with winged petioles. It is intermediate between Taraxacum sections Borealia and Arctica but winged petioles, the long beak, broadly bordered and often corniculate outer phyllaries support its inclusion in the former.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from the south-central Kamchatka (Klyuchevskaya Sopka and Anaun River), newly also from the Bystrinskiy Nature Park.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Central Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, vicinity of Esso village, Kozyrevskiy Khrebet, banks of upper Tupikin Klyuch, alpine zone, ca. 1120 m, V. V. Yakubov (KAM, no. det. 36777) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFF0FFD5FF78FDC248A6BA92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFF0FFD0FF78F97E4BE0BD72.text	0399F353FFF0FFD0FF78F97E4BE0BD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum kuvajevii Tzvelev	<div><p>41. Taraxacum kuvajevii Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 196) Type:—[RUSSIA, Sakha Republic] Yakutia, Lenskiy r-n, k-z “Dvigateľ”, melkozlakovo-klevernyy vygon po II poime Leny za rechkoi</p><p>Mukhtuikoi, 0.5 km vyshe okrainy poselka <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=60.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.9/lat 60.716667)">Mukhtuya</a> [Sakha Republic, Lensky District, Lensk, ca. 60° 43’ N, 114° 54’ E], 25 Jul</p><p>1953, V. Kuvaev &amp; A. Petrov 58/11 (LE, no. det. 6046, holotype). Etymology:— Named after V. B. Kuvaev (1918—2009, Владимир Борисович Куваев), a specialist in the flora of the Russian Arctic .</p><p>Plants relatively small, usually 6–8 cm, sometimes to 13 cm tall. Petiole narrow to very narrowly winged, subglabrous, purplish. Leaves greyish light green with ± purplish mid-vein, subglabrous, broadly oblaceolate in outline, usually 6–9 × (1.0–) 1.5–2.5 (–3.0) cm, deeply pinnatisect (late leaves less deeply divided), usually with 4–5 pairs of linear or linear-lingulate, patent, entire lateral segments, usually 8–20 × 1.5–3.0 mm, terminal segment tripartite with linear parts, interlobes usually very narrow, usually filiform-dentate or with linear lobules. Scapes brownish green, often suffused purple, sparsely arachnoid, ± equalling leaves. Capitulum light yellow, ca. 2–2.5 cm wide. Involucre light green, ca. 6–7 mm wide and subobconical at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 11–13, loosely appressed, not imbricate, linear to linear-triangular, usually 5–8 × 0.8–1.7 mm (length including horns), light greenish, with a whitish-membranous border ca. 0.3 mm wide, margins ± glabrous, apex with light green, thin, acute, perpendicular to suberect horns ca. 3–4 mm long, ca. 0.5–0.8 mm thick near the base; inner phyllaries light green, ca. 11–12 mm long, with thin horns. Outer ligules flat, faintly striped grey outside, teeth dirty yellow. Stigmas very light, pale yellowish, dirty yellowish or very pale greenish yellow. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes red-brown, 3.3–3.7 mm long, body ± densely spinulose in upper 1/3, subabruptly narrowing in a subcylindrical cone 0.5–0.7 mm long; beak ca. 8–9 mm long, pappus white, ca. 6–6.5 mm long. – 2n=24, fide Zhukova in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev 1984:197. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 69.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—In spite of a rather late type gathering, T. kuvajevii is enormously distinct in having very long, thin horns to ± linear outer phyllaries, pale stigmas and red-brown fruits. This character combination is unique among dandelions.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from the type locality in the Sakha Republic (Lensk). In Tzvelev &amp; Yurtsev (1984) and in Perfil’eva et al. (1987), several additional localities from central Sakha are listed (LE, n. v.). For one of the specimens, the chromosome number 2n = 24 was reported in the former work.</p><p>Note:—There is another species with very long, greenish, thin horns on the outer phyllaries, and deeply dissected leaves with narrow, linear, patent lateral segments, Taraxacum pospelovii Tzvelev &amp; Pospelova (2015: 224) . It has light greyish stramineous-brown achenes. We have seen the type specimen (as a photograph); this species requires further study.</p><p>A representative of the Taraxacum lacerum group in Kamchatka</p><p>The group of T. lacerum Greene (1901: 230) was studied in detail by Haglund (1943, 1946, 1948 and 1949). Haglund (1948) concluded that the group consists of several taxa, and (Haglund 1949) described several of them, most importantly, T. sublacerum Haglund (1949: 112, figs. 4 and 5b). Other taxa considered include T. carthamopsis Porsild (1939: 32), T. ochraceum Haglund (1946: 351), T. mutilum Greene (1901: 232), T. norvegicum (Dahlst.) Dahlst. and T. groenlandicum Dahlstedt (1906: 23), the latter two equated with T. lacerum by Haglund (1948).</p><p>In the new material from Kamchatka, we found two specimens clearly belonging to this group, previously unknown from the continental Far East. The absence of pollen, usually subtubular or at least canaliculate ligules, light green, conspicuously bordered outer phyllaries were the main characters pointing to T. sublacerum . The only feature deviating from the known morphological pattern of T. sublacerum is the purplish coloration of petioles, which we tentatively ascribe to the plasticity under varied ecological conditions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFF0FFD0FF78F97E4BE0BD72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFF5FFD1FF78FEDE48C0BE9C.text	0399F353FFF5FFD1FF78FEDE48C0BE9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum sublacerum Haglund 1949	<div><p>42. Taraxacum sublacerum Haglund (1949: 112)</p><p>Type:— USA. Alaska, College, near Fairbanks, on railroad, 19 Jun 1948, Lepage 23215 (LCU, n. v., not located in CAN, probably no longer extant, protologue photo!, holotype; isotype: S, n. v.) .</p><p>Etymology:—Similar to Taraxacum lacerum .</p><p>Plants medium-sized, usually 9–16 cm tall. Plant base ± without tunic (or with sparse remnants of old petioles), subglabrous to sparsely archnoid among petiole bases; Petiole narrow, unwinged, suffused purplish. Leaves ± light (greyish) green, usually sparsely arachnoid, outer leaves often subglabrous, not spotted nor blotched, suberect to erect-patent, narrow, linear or linear-oblanceolate in outline, usually 6–12 × 0.7–1.4 cm, usually pinnatisect, less often pinnatifid, outer leaves often sinuate-dentate or lobulate; terminal segment elongated, linear-triangular or linear-lingulate, up to 2.2 cm long, distal margin entire or with a pair of little teeth, basal lobules patent to recurved, linear-triangular, usually 1–3 mm long; lateral segments in 3–5 pairs, recurved to patent, linear, linear-lingulate or linear-triangular, distal margin entire or with a single tooth, or remotely denticulate in basal segments, proximal margin concave, ± entire; interlobes narrow, usually 1.5–3.0 mm wide, entire or with a single tooth or remotely denticulate; mid-vein greenish or suffused purplish. Scapes usually suffused bronze, arachnoid, usually overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, usually 1.5–2.0 cm wide. Involucre ± light olivaceous-green or green, (6–) 7 (–8) mm wide and narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually 11–16, not imbricate, loosely appressed, leter erect, linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, usually 6–8 (–9) × (1.4–) 1.8–2.2 mm, surface light mid-green, border distinct, whitish, not very sharply delimited, ca. 0.2–0.3 (–0.4) mm wide, distally often suffused purplish, margin ± glabrous, apex with darker, thick horns usually 1–2 mm long; inner phyllaries 11–14 mm long, dark corniculate. Outer ligules narrow, flat to canaliculate, striped deep blackish purple outside, teeth dark purple, inner ligules usually subtubular, their teeth ± reddish. Stigmas dark discoloured, green. Pollen absent, anther tubes empty. Achenes (description modified from Haglund 1949: 112, 114, fig. 5b) light olivaceous-brownish, 4.2–4.7 × 0.8–0.9 mm, body relatively densely covered with short erect spinules in upper 1/3–1/2, otherwise often tuberculate or ± smooth, very gradually narrowing into a subconical cone 0.6–0.7 mm long; beak 7–8 mm long, pappus ± white. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 70.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Central Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, ostanovka u smotrovoi ploshchadki, skal’nye vystupy [a lookout point ca. 6.5 km SE of Anavgay, above banks of Bystraya River, 55°59.31496’N, 159°09.04247’E, ca. 240 m, rocky outcrops], 8 Jul 2017, O. A. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=159.15076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.988865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 159.15076/lat 55.988865)">Chernyagina</a> &amp; E. A. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=159.15076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.988865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 159.15076/lat 55.988865)">Devyatova</a> (KAM, no. det. 36901). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=159.15076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.988865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 159.15076/lat 55.988865)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, valley of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=159.15076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.988865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 159.15076/lat 55.988865)">Bystraya River</a>, a canyon, 55°59.332’N, 159°09.045’E, 260 m, 30 Aug 2017, V. V. Buryy T090 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36932) .</p><p>Outer phyllaries numerous, long, of a broad shape, with a distinct broad border usually wider than 0.5 mm</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFF5FFD1FF78FEDE48C0BE9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFF4FFDDFF78FD744CA2B810.text	0399F353FFF4FFDDFF78FD744CA2B810.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum perlatescens Dahlstedt 1926	<div><p>43. Taraxacum perlatescens Dahlstedt (1926b: 13)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamtchatka, Savoiko, 9 Jul 1920, E. Hultén 355b (S 12-27454!, lectotype, designated here) . – Kamtchatka australis, Bogatyrjovka, southern shore of Avatcha Bay, 16 Jun 1920, E. Hultén 443 (S 12-27452!, residual syntype; S 12-27453!, residual syntype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Broadening in an extreme way.</p><p>= Taraxacum platyceras Dahlstedt (1926b: 6)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Syd-Kamtchatka, Kurilska sjön, 27 Aug 1922, E . Hultén 4418 (S 12-27450!, syntype; S 10-40926!, syntype) .</p><p>= Taraxacum anchorifolium Komarov (1930: 197), as “anchoraefolium”</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamchatka, r. Ozernaya, dolinka rechki [Ozernaya River, valley of a little river], 8 Jun 1908 [21 Jun 1908, Gregorian Calendar], E. Bezais 34 (LE, no. det. 6135, lectotype, fide Schischkin 1964: 462) .</p><p>= Taraxacum longipes Komarov (1930: 198)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Lesnye luga po doline Paratunki bliz Nikolaevskogo selenia [woodland meadows along the valley of Paratunka near the Nikiolaevskiy settlement], 9 Jul 1908 [Gregorian calendar: 22 Jul 1908], V. Komarov (LE, no. det. 6077, lectotype, designated by Tzvelev in Schischkin 1964: 458) .</p><p>Plants robust, medium-sized, usually 12–15 cm, later to 30 cm tall. Petiole winged to almost unwinged, purplish, sparsely arachnoid, tunic absent. Leaves deep green, sparsely arachnoid to subglabrous, broadly oblanceolate in outline, ca. (6–) 8–12 (–20) × (2–) 3–4 (–6) cm, usually pinnatisect, less often pinnatifid to undivided, with 2–3 (5) pairs of patent to almost hamate, ± narrowly deltoid-triangular lateral segments, distal margin convex to ± straight, subentire in outer leaves, dentate or with 1–3 distinct triangular lobules or an incision, proximal margin ± straight or concave, entire; terminal segment ± helmet-shaped to triangular, margins entire or with a single tooth or ± lobulate, basal lobules short, subrecurved; interlobes distinct, narrow, usually 5–10 × 3–5 mm, ± dentate; mid-vein usually purplish. Scapes brownish green and often suffused purplish, sparsely arachnoid, densely so below capitulum, ± equalling or overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, 3–4 (–5) cm wide. Involucre deep olivaceous-green, (9–) 10–11 (–14) mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries numerous, (12) 16–19 (22), appressed, ± not imbricate or subimbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, the outermost ones often broadly ovate, usually (6–) 7.5–10 (–11) × (2.0–) 2.8–4.5 (–6.0) mm, the variably broad middle part blackish green to dark olivaceous-green, with a subabrupt transition in a broad, whitish-membranous border (0.4–) 0.5–1.0 mm wide, sometimes there is a paler green zone intercalated between the dark and whitish parts, margin ciliate, apex with a thick blackish green obtuse horn 1–2 mm long; inner phyllaries dark olivaceous-green, 15–17 (–18) mm long, corniculate or with short horns. Outer ligules flat to ± canaliculate, striped purplish grey outside. Stigmas dark discoloured, green or greyish green. Pollen present, irregular. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, (4.4–) 4.7–5.2 (–5.5) × 1.0–1.1 (–1.3) mm, body ± densely covered with thin, relatively long spinules in upper 1/3–1/5, subgradually to subabruptly narrowing into a subcylindrical cone (0.7–) 0.9–1.2 mm long, usually 0.4–0.5 mm thick at base, ca. 0.4 mm distally; beak thin, ca. (8–) 10–12 (–14) mm long, pappus yellowish white, ca. 6.5–7.5 mm long. – Fig. 71–73.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The numerous, subimbricate, large, ± ovate, broadly and conspicuously bordered outer phyllaries, usually relatively narrow petioles, an unusual leaf shape, and the long, distinct spinulosity of achenes with a subcylindrical cone form a good basis for comparisons with other species of T. sect. Borealia. There is a striking match with the attributes of the original material of T. anchorifolium, T. platyceras and T. longipes, and the differences are found in taxonomically less important characters (size of leaves, colours), or they are a consequence of different ontogenetic stages of individual plants. Important, decisive features that correspond, whenever available, to one another within this group are the dark discoloured stigmas, the densely, relatively long spinulose achene body, the subcylindrical cone (0.7–) 0.8–1.0 (–1.2) mm long, the basic features of the leaf shape (leaf blade usually pinnatisect, with patent to hamate lateral segments), and the large, numerous, very broadly and conspicuously bordered outer phyllaries. The only feature to be considered as rather doubtful is the absence of pollen (pollen is clearly present in the type of T. anchorifolium, questionably absent in those of T. longipes and T. perlatescens). The conspecific status of the above three names is adopted in the present paper; it was already suggested by Tzvelev (1992: 382). Another name to be accepted as a synonym is T. platyceras but its original material is rather scanty for an absolutely certain conclusion; T. platyceras is another name based on a rather inadequate material. Leaves are rather late (that is why they are unusually conspicuously dentate and lobulate, with a narrow petiole). The appressed, large, ± imbricate, ± broadly bordered outer phyllaries, and densely spinulose achenes with a subconical to subcylindrical cone may be considered as decisive for the inclusion of this name in T. perlatescens .</p><p>In order to facilitate the comparison of the above three synonyms, we give complete descriptions of the type specimens of each of these names, together with images with details of important characters; the description given under T. perlatescens is based on the complete material available.</p><p>Distribution:—When T.anchorifolium, T.longipes and T.platyceras are considered as synonyms of T.perlatescens, this species seems to be relatively widely distributed in Kamchatka; it has not been recorded outside the peninsula (although there is an unverified, and possibly incorrect record in Kitamura 1933). The most frequent occurrence was recorded along the eastern coast of the south-central and southern parts of the peninsula. As regards the habitat, it most commonly occurs on sandy or rocky sites along the coast.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA] Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, Bystrinskiy Nature Park, Esso village, road verge, 500 m, 15 Aug 2014, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36852, a less certain determination) . – Kamchatka, eastern coast, Elizovskiy District, vicinity of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Khalaktyrskiy Beach [ca. 25 km E of the town], the coast of Avachinskiy Bay, sand, common, 4 Sep 1991, O. Chernyagina (KAM, no. det. 36783) . – Kamchatka, Avachinskiy Bay of the Pacific Ocean, Starichkov Island, coastal rock, quite common, 24 Jun 2004, O. Chernyagina (KAM, no. det. 36775). – Ibidem, 25 Jun 2002, O. Chernyagina (KAM, no. det. 36773). – Ibidem, dry slopes on shallow soils, 20 Jun 2006, O. Chernyagina &amp; V. Kirichenko (KAM, no. det. 36921) . – Kamchatka, eastern coast, Yelizovskiy District, Vilyucha River basin, Vilyuchinskie goryachie klyuchi [thermal springs of Vilyucha], 26 Jun 1993, O. Chernyagina (KAM, no. det. 36782) . – Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, Esso village, road verge, 14 Jun 2014, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36781) . – Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, valley of the river of Bystraya (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.61728&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.84545" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.61728/lat 55.84545)">Kozyrevskaya</a>), sandy site along a path, 55°50.727’N, 158°37.037’E, 574 m, 9 Jul 2015, V. V. Buryy T010, T011 &amp; T100 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36935). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.61728&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.84545" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.61728/lat 55.84545)">Elizovskiy District</a>, vicinity of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, near the mouth of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.61728&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.84545" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.61728/lat 55.84545)">Khalaktyrka River</a>, 16 Jul 2007, V. V. Yakubov 54 (NSK 23078, photo!) .</p><p>Description of the original material of T. anchorifolium:—Plants robust, ca. 15 cm tall at full flowering. Petiole winged or narrowly winged, usually suffused pinkish, tunic absent. Leaves ± light green, initially ± arachnoid, later glabrescent, ± oblanceolate in outline, ca. (6–) 7–9 (–12) × (2–) 2.5–3.0 (–4.5) cm, pinnatisect, with 3–4 pairs of large hamate or hamate-recurved, usually narrowly triangular lateral segments, distal margin convex, entire, or irregularly dentate in proximal segments, proximal margin ± concave, entire, apex obtuse to subacute; terminal segment ± helmet-shaped or narrowly so, or ± broadly triangular, often obtuse to subobtuse, entire or with a single asymmetrical incision, basal lobules ± hamate; interlobes narrow, 5–7 (–10) × 3–5 mm, often denticulate; mid-vein probably light green. Scapes brownish green, suffused purplish proximally, arachnoid, ± equalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 5 cm wide. Involucre ± olivaceous-green, ca. 12–14 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries numerous, ca. 15–18, appressed, ± not imbricate to subimbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ca. (7.5–) 8.5–9.5 × (2.2–) 3.0– 4.5 mm, light green with a dark olivaceous-green middle strip, most of surface pale to whitish green with a gradual transition in a whitish-membranous border at least 0.5 mm wide, margin ± ciliate, apex with a blackish green thick horn ca. 1.0– 1.5 mm long; inner phyllaries ca. 15–17 mm long, deep olivaceous-green, corniculate. Outer ligules ± canaliculate, narrow, striped grey or grey-pink outside. Stigmas greenish. Pollen present. Achenes unknown.</p><p>Description of the original material of T. longipes:—Plants obviously growing in a tall vegetation, robust, ca. 10–35 cm tall. Petiole winged, usually suffused purplish, subglabrous. Leaves probably deep green, slightly greyish, glabrescent, early middle leaves ± oblanceolate in outline, ca. 10–12 × 2.5–3 cm, pinnatilobed to pinnatifid, with a distinct, triangular terminal segment with distal margin remotely lobulate, lateral segments in 2–3 pairs, ± short, patent, lingulate-triangular, often subobtuse, usually entire; later leaves (early fruiting stage) much longer, to 25 × 5 cm, with ± unwinged, elongated petiole, an elongated triangular terminal segment and patent-subrecurved, often dentate lateral segments, mid-vein usually suffused purplish. Scapes brownish green, arachnoid, mainly below capitulum, ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 4 cm wide. Involucre deep olivaceous-green, usually robust, ca. 11–12 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 13–16, appressed, subimbricate, broadly ovate (the innermost ones ovate to ovate lanceolate), usually 8–11 × (3.5–) 4–6 mm, with a blackish green middle strip usually 1–2 mm wide, with a gradual transition in a dominant pale greenish zone, border distinct, whitish-membranous, ca. 0.5–0.8 mm wide, margin probably sparsely ciliate, apex with a black thick horn ca. 1.5 mm long; inner phyllaries 17–20 mm, later to 23 mm long, sometimes coalescing, apex black corniculate. Outer ligules flat, striped ± grey or light greyish-purplish outside, teeth grey-purple, inner ligule teeth purplish. Stigmas dark discoloured, with blackish pubescence outside. Pollen probably present.Achenes light greyish (light) stramineous-brown, 5.1–5.5 × 1.1–1.3 mm, body densely covered with long, suberect, acuminate spinules in upper 1/3–1/2, some over 0.4 mm long, some inserted on lower third of the cone, body subgradually narrowing into a subcylindrical cone 0.8–1.0 mm long, usually 0.4–0.5 mm thick at base, ca. 0.4 mm distally; beak thin, 12–14 mm long, pappus yellowish white, ca. &amp; mm long.</p><p>Description of the original material of T. platyceras:—Plants robust, to ca. 30 cm tall. Petiole (in late leaves) narrow, unwinged to narrowly winged, sometimes suffused purplish, sparsely arachnoid to subglabrous, tunic absent. Leaves (only rather late leaves available) ± deep green, subglabrous, usually very sparsely arachnoid along mid-vein beneath, oblanceolate to sparsely oblanceolate in outline, (5–) 10–15 (–20) × (1.5–) 3–5 (–6.5) cm, pinnatisect, with 4–5 pairs of large, patent, narrowly deltoid-triangular lateral segments, distal margin straight, usually with several conspicuous, perpendicular, acute teeth and lobules, proximal margin straight, usually denticulate; terminal segment broadly triangular to helmet-shaped, hastate to subsagittae, margins often entire, or with an incision; interlobes short, dentate and lobulate. Scapes brownish green, usually suffused purplish, sparsely arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, 3.5–4.5 cm wide. Involucre dark olivaceous-green, ca. 10 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 14–19, appressed, imbricate, ovate to lanceolate, 6–8 (–10) × (2–) 2.5–3.5 (–4) mm, surface ± evenly dark olivaceous-green, often with a blackish middle line and slightly paler surface, border not conspicuous, whitish-membranous, distally suffused purplish, ca. 0.4–0.5 mm wide, rarely to 0.8 mm wide, apex usually with a thick short horn; inner phyllaries ca. 15–16 mm long, flat to corniculate. Outer ligules ± flat, striped grey-pink outside. Stigmas dark discoloured. Pollen present. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 4.5–5 × 1.1–1.2 mm, body densely spinulose in upper 1/3–1/5, subabruptly narrowing in a subconical to subcylindrical cone ca. 0.7–0.9 mm long; beak thin, 9–10 mm long; pappus white, 7–7.5 mm long.</p><p>Species with outer phyllaries appressed, of a narrow shape, with a well developed border</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFF4FFDDFF78FD744CA2B810	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFF8FFDAFF78FBF84AB1BBC7.text	0399F353FFF8FFDAFF78FBF84AB1BBC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum kljutschevskoanum Komarov 1930	<div><p>44. Taraxacum kljutschevskoanum Komarov (1930: 202) Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamchatka, bassein reki Kamchatki, Klyuchevskaya sopka, 3000 f., alpiiskiy lug, 21 Jun 1909 [Kamchatka</p><p>River Basin, Klyuchevskaya Volcano, at ca. 914 m, alpine meadow, 4 Jul 1909], [V. M.] Kozlovskiy 1411 (LE, no. det. 6048,</p><p>holotype). Etymology:—Named after Klyuchevskaya Sopka, an active stratovolcano of 4750 m in central Kamchatka .</p><p>Plants robust, to 20 cm tall. Petiole broadly winged, probably suffused purplish, tunic absent. Leaves ± mid-green, subglabrous, oblanceolate in outline, usually 7–9 (–12) × (1.0–) 1.5–2 cm, later leaves undivided, dentate, middle leaves pinnatilobed to pinnatifid, usually with 2–3 pairs of deltoid or broadly deltoid, patent, acute lateral segments, distal margin straight, entire or with 1–2 little triangular teeth, proximal margin straight, entire; terminal segment most often ± triangular, acute, with deltoid basal lobules, ± entire; interlobes short and broad, ca. 4–10 mm wide, ± entire. Scapes brownish green, arachnoid distally, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3.5–4.0 cm wide. Involucre dark, blackish green, ca. 9 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries numerous, ca. 15–19, appressed to loosely appressed, not imbricate, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, ca. 8.0–10.5 × 1.1–3.1 mm, surface ± evenly black-green, with a distinct whitish, or indistinct membranous border usually (0.1–) 0.3–0.4 (–0.5) mm wide, margin ± glabrous, apex with ± black horns ca. 1 mm long, horns sometimes absent; inner phyllaries blackish olivaceous-green, ca. 15–18 mm long, corniculate. Outer ligules ± flat, only very faintly striped pale purplish, or unstriped, outside, teeth purplish or almost yellow. Stigmas dark discoloured. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes unknown. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 74.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum kljutschevskoanum is characterized by numerous, dark, lanceolate, relatively very long outer phyllaries with a relatively distinct border, outer ligules almost unstriped, and relatively dark stigmas. The missing achenes make a comparison with other taxa rather difficult but the closest species, T. abhorrens and T. evittatum have lighter discoloured stigmas, less numerous and, on average, shorter outer phyllaries, the former also of a substantially different leaf shape.</p><p>Distribution:—The protologue is based on a single, well developed flowering specimen from Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Kamchatka. During the present study, T. kljutschevskoanum was found to occur also west of the type locality, in the Bystrinskiy District.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatskiy Kray] Bystrinskiy District, Smerennyy Khrebet, along a path from the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Nadeka Pass</a> towards <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Vechnoy Brook</a>, ca. 900 m, 29 Jun 2014, K. G. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Klimova</a> (KAM, no. det. 36779). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Commander Islands</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Bering Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Nikol’skoe</a>, 14 Jun 1989, collector unknown (MSKU, no. det. 36776). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Less</a> certain identification:— RUSSIA. Kamchatka, eastern coast, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Karaginskiy District</a>, valley of R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Tymlat</a>, little brook of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Malyy Rozhik</a>, 3 Aug 2011, O. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Chernyagina</a> (KAM, no. det. 36917). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.78024&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.436733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.78024/lat 56.436733)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, 56°26.204’N, 157°46.815’E, 907 m, [V. V. Buryy] (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36934) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFF8FFDAFF78FBF84AB1BBC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFFEFFD8FF78FF124B39BD72.text	0399F353FFFEFFD8FF78FF124B39BD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum evittatum Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>45. Taraxacum evittatum Dahlstedt (1930: 221) Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Petropavlovsk [ Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy], La Perouse monument, 16 Jun 1928, W. Eyerdam (S 05 -</p><p>8656!, lectotype, designated here. – “ Kamtchatka, e semin. report. a cl. Malaise cult. in hortulo Stockholmiensi ”, 27 May 1930, [R.</p><p>Malaise] (LE, no. det. 6030, syntype; K, no. det. 12278, syntype; GH 13007, syntype, photo!). Etymology:—Ligules not striped.</p><p>Plants relatively robust, 12–17 (–22) cm tall. Petiole narrowly winged or winged in early middle leaves, unwinged and elongated in later leaves, mainly in cultivated plants, purplish, tunic not developed. Leaves relatively light mid-green, glabrescent, narrowly oblanceolate in outline, ca. (5–) 6–10 (–16) × 1.5–2.5 (–3) cm, mostly undivided and shortly dentate in leaves of cultivated specimens, often shallowly pinnatilobed with 2–3 pairs short, flat deltoid lateral lobes, margins usually entire. Scapes brownish green, almost glabrous, with arachnoid hairs just below capitulum, overtopping leaves. Capitulum ± light yellow, ca. 4–5 cm wide. Involucre dark olivaceous-green, 8–9 mm wide and ± rounded at base. Outer phyllaries (10) 11–13 (15), appressed, subimbricate or not so, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 5– 7 × 2–3 mm, surface ± evenly black-green (sometimes indistinctly getting slightly paler towards margins), border not very distinct, whitish or membranous, ca. 0.1–0.2 mm wide, margin subglabrous, apex with blackish horns usually to 1.5 mm long; inner phyllaries ca. 13–15 mm long, often coalescing, dark olivaceous-green, ± corniculate. Outer ligules flat, unstriped or faintly striped greyish pink outside, teeth grey-pink, inner ligule teeth pinkish yellow. Stigmas light discoloured, light greenish. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 4.2–4.5 × ca. 1.0 mm, body ± densely spinulose in upper 1/3, gradually narrownig into a thick, short, conical cone 0.5–0.6 mm long; beak thin 10–12 mm long, pappus white, ca 6.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 75.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The herbarium material seen mainly consists of cultivated, rather luxuriant plants, and there is only a single specimen from the natural habitat (S 05-8656) that fully corresponds to the original description. The other specimen from the same locality (S 13-541) is not conspecific with the rest of the original material (ligules striped deep grey, leaves deeply divided, with narrowly triangular segments, see also Dahlstedt 1930: 222, fig. 12 b), and is excluded from our considerations.</p><p>Taraxacum evittatum is in many respects very close to T. kljutschevskoanum, and it is possible that the more numerous, narrower and darker, usually more broadly bordered outer phyllaries of the latter do not suffice for recognizing the two entities as separate taxa. They share characters of general habit and, in particular, almost unstriped outer ligules.</p><p>Distribution:—This species is known from Kamchatka. It grows on gravelly and mosaic stony slopes on shallow soils, often in terraces of rivers.</p><p>Specimens examined:— Kamchatka, east coast, Elizovskiy District, valley of Fal’shivaya River, NE. slope of a volcano, above geothermal power station, Mt. Skalistaya, 22 Aug 2000, O. A. Chernyagina (KAM, no. det. 36927) . – Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, valley of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.05585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.609318" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.05585/lat 55.609318)">Bystraya Kozyrevskaya River</a>, 55°36.559’N, 158°03.351’E, 833 m, 20 Jul 2015, V. V. Buryy T102 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36923) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFFEFFD8FF78FF124B39BD72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFFDFFD8FF78FEDE4D5ABBCA.text	0399F353FFFDFFD8FF78FEDE4D5ABBCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum abhorrens Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>46. Taraxacum abhorrens Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA] Sibiria merid., urbs Bratsk, ad ripam sinistram lacus structilis “Bratskoe More”, ca. 10 km situ a vallo, ad marg. partis centralis urbis Bratsk, haud procul a deversorio “Bratsk”, 27–28 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 2703 (PRA, no. det. 35986, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Recoiling, remote from.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Species ex affinitate T. kljutschevskoani sed differt foliis forma complicata, lobis lateralibus acutis vel acuminatis, saepissime sparse lobulatis, lobo terminali tripartito vel depresse rhomboidali mucronato, phyllariis exterioribus pallidioribus, inconspicue marginatis; plantae nostrae etiam acheniis brevibus pyramide anguste cylindrica notabiles.</p><p>Plants not tall but of robust appearance, usually 9–14 cm tall. Petiole with purplish mid-vein or ± green, broadly to narrowly winged, initially arachnoid, later glabrescent, plant base without tunic. Leaves deep green, most often with a slightly purplish mid-vein, sparsely arachnoid, ± narrowly oblong in outline, usually 8–10 × 2—2.5 cm, some leaves often undivided, only shallowly dentate, most leaves pinnatifid to pinnatisect, terminal segment short, usually tripartite or mucronate with broadly deltoid basal lobules, or flat deltoid-triangular, margins usually straight and entire; lateral segments in 4–6 pairs, deltoid to deltoid-triangular, most often patent, sometimes subrecurved, typically distinctly acute or acuminate, distal margin subconvex, ± sigmoid or less often ± straight or subconcave, entire in distal segments, denticulate in proximal ones, distal margin sometimes with a distinct, narrow sub-basal lobule, proximalmargin almost straight, usually entire; interlobes very short, entire or with a few little teeth. Scapes usually growing from outside the leaf rosette, brownish green or suffused purplish, arachnoid, ± equalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3–3.5 cm wide. Involucre deep olivaceous-green, ca. 8–10 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries (10) 11–14 (16), ± appressed or loosely appressed, later to erect, not imbricate, usually narrowly lanceolate, seldom linear-lanceolate, ca. (6.0–) 6.5–8.5 (–9.5) × 2.0–2.8 (–3.2) mm, surface olivaceous-green to dark olivaceous-green, distally and marginally often suffused purplish, border not distinct, narrow, if visible then membranous, 0.2–0.3 mm wide, margins often remotely denticulate, ± not ciliate or very sparsely so, apex darker, almost flat in early capitula, corniculate or with horns in later ones. Outer ligules flat, narrow, or ± canaliculate, striped grey or slightly greenish grey outside, teeth dark grey (viewed from outside), inner ligule teeth dirty yellow or grey-yellow. Stigmas grey-yellow or greenish grey-yellow. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, (3.3–) 3.5–3.8 × 0.8 (–1.0) mm, body subdensely, conspicuously covered with robust bi- and tricuspidate suberect squamules and (mainly on ridges) also curved spinules in upper 1/3–1/2, body subgradually to gradually narrowing into a (sub)cylindrical cone 0.5–0.7 × 0.25 mm; beak thin, (8.5–) 9.5–10.0 mm long, pappus white, ca. 5.5–6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 3A, 76, 77.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—Among species with relatively narrow outer phyllaries, T. abhorrens is distinct in having leaves with ± broadly winged petioles and often acuminate, usually deltoid-triangular lateral segments with lobules at their distal base, and relatively short achenes with an almost cylindrical, thin cone. A superficially similar species, T. neoboreale, differs from T. abhorrens in its purely yellow stigmas, ovate outer phyllaries and a long, thicker cone.</p><p>Distribution:— Taraxacum abhorrens was collected at several localities along upper Angara River (Bratsk), and Baikal Lake near the origin of Angara River.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[RUSSIA] S. Siberia, town of Bratsk, west shore of the “Bratskoe More” reservoir, about 10 km from the dam, not far from the “Bratsk” hotel, 27–28 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 2703 (PRA, no. det. 36759). – Ibidem, 28 Oct 1985 , cultivated as JŠ 2704 (PRA, no. det. 36768). – Bratsk, west shore of the “Bratskoe More” reservoir, about 2 km from the dam, 28 Oct 1985 , J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 2697 (PRA, no. det. 36759). – [RUSSIA] S. Siberia, Irkutsk region, Baikal Lake, in the vicinity of Listvyanka, and the “Pik Cherskogo” hill, 26 Oct 1985 , J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 2705 (PRA, no. det. 36757). – Less certain identification:—[RUSSIA] S. Siberia, Irkutsk region, Baikal Lake, in the vicinity of Listvyanka, near the origin of Angara R., 26 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cult. as JŠ 2708 (PRA, no. det. 38432) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFFDFFD8FF78FEDE4D5ABBCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFE2FFC4FF78FF124CEDBF32.text	0399F353FFE2FFC4FF78FF124CEDBF32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum anadyrense Nakai & Koidzumi	<div><p>47. Taraxacum anadyrense Nakai &amp; Koidzumi in Koidzumi (1936a: 144)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Chukotka Autonomous Region] Anadyr, St. Nicholas, 22 Jul 1922, K. Igawa (TI, no. det. 15889, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Anadyr, a town in the Anadyr Bay, Chukotka, or a river of the same name.</p><p>= Taraxacum leptoglossum Haglund (1946: 346), syn. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ USA, Alaska] Kodiak Island, vicinity of Karluk, 6 Jul 1903, C. L. Rutter 197 (US 119855, photo!, holotype; S 12-27597!, photo of the holotype and unripe achenes, isotype; NY 546798, photo!, isotype) .</p><p>Plants small, 9–10 cm tall. Petiole winged (narrowly so in the innermost leaves), sometimes purplish. Leaves mid-green, unspotted, very narrowly oblong in outline, ca. 5–6 × 0.7–1.2 cm, pinnatilobed, with 2–3 pairs of obtuse or subacute, subrecurved deltoid-triangular segments with entire margins, terminal segment usually ± obtuse, entire, mid-vein green or slightly purplish. Scapes brownish green, later suffused reddish, ± arachnoid, often yellowish arachnoid below capitulum, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 2.5–3 cm wide. Involucre olivaceous-green to slightly greyish olivaceous-green, ca. 8 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries relatively few, (8) 9–12 (13), appressed, subimbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually 5–6 (–7) × 2.1–3.3 mm, dark grey-green or blackish green, often with a black middle line, border distinct, sharply delimited, whitish, 0.3–0.6 mm wide, apex usually black corniculate, with cornicles ca. 0.5 mm long; inner phyllaries ca. 13–15 mm long, often coalescing, apex darker, ± flat or corniculate. Outer ligules flat, striped faintly greyish outside, teeth purplish to dirty yellow. Stigmas dark discoloured. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes (immature) light greyish stramineous-brown, 3.5–4.0 × ca. 1.0 mm, ± body densely shortly spinulose in upper 1/3, ± subabruptly narrowing in a conical cone 0.3–0.4 mm long; beak too immature, pappus white, ca. 6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 78.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The original material (Fig. 78) of T. anadyrense consists of a single, very well developed plant (and two separate flower heads); the achenes are lacking. The holotype of T. leptoglossum matches T. anadyrense in all important characters, and the only difference is a less dark colour of the outer phyllaries in the former. The achene description was compiled according to the original material of T. leptoglossum and the data and figures in the protologue.</p><p>The diagnostic characters of T. anadyrense include dark, subimbricate, relatively short outer phyllaries with a sharply delimited pale border, regularly pinnatilobed leaves with subrecurved, deltoid-triangular, entire lateral segments, and achenes with a short, conical cone.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from the Anadyr region in Chukotka, and from Kodiak, Alaska.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFE2FFC4FF78FF124CEDBF32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFE1FFC5FF78FC1E4BC7BA4D.text	0399F353FFE1FFC5FF78FC1E4BC7BA4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum hultenii Dahlstedt 1926	<div><p>48. Taraxacum hultenii Dahlstedt (1926b: 11)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka, Yelizovo (formerly Zavoyko)] Kamtchatka, Savoiko, 9 Jul 1920, E. Hultén 355a (S 13–2237!, syntype; S 13–2239!, syntype) . – Kamtchatka, Savoiko, 7 Jul 1920, E. Hultén 366 (S 13–2238!, syntype; S 10–38098!, syntype; LE, no. det. 6051, isosyntype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Named in honour of Oskar Eric Gunnar Hultén (1894–1981), an outstanding Swedish botanist and plant geographer, an expert in Arctic floras, particularly those of Kamchatka and Alaska.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, to 20 cm tall. Petiole unwinged, winged in early middle leaves, slightly purplish or green, subglabrous, tunic absent. Leaves ± light green to vivid green, glabrous or with sparse arachnoid hairs along mid-vein beneath, ± narrowly oblanceolate in outline, ca. 8–18 × 2–3.5 cm, most often undivided and with usually patent triangular to narrowly triangular teeth or lobules, sometimes pinnatilobed to pinnatifid, with 2–4 pairs of narrowly triangular, patent or recurved, acute to acuminate lateral segments, distal margin straight, entire or with 1–2 large basal teeth or lobules, proximal margin ± straight, entire; terminal segment elongated, triangular-hastate to triangular-sagittate. Scapes brownish green, purplish distally, sparsely arachnoid to subglabrous, ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum deep yellow, ca. 4 cm wide. Involucre deep to dark olivaceous-green, ca. 9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 8–12, ± appressed, ± imbricate, ovate (inner of them ± narrowly ovate), ca. (5.5–) 6.0–6.5 (–8.5) × (2.5–) 3.5–4.5 mm, surface light to deep olivaceous-green (distally often suffused purplish), with a thin blackish middle line, with a gradual transition in a paler, greenish-membranous border to ca. 0.5 mm wide, apex with an enormously long, perpendicular, elongated black-purple or black-green horn 2–4 (–5) mm long; inner phyllaries 14–15 mm long, with horns ca. 1.0– 1.5 mm long. Outer ligules flat, striped deep greyish green outside, teeth grey. Stigmas discoloured, ± greenish. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown to light olivaceous greyish, ca. 4.3–4.7 (–5.1) × 1.2–1.3 mm, body ± densely spinulose in upper 1/5–1/2, subgradually narrowing into a subconical cone 0.7–1.1 mm long, ca. 0.45–0.50 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally; beak thin, ca. 10–11 mm long, pappus ± white, ca. 6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 79.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The ovate, short outer phyllaries with a broad paler border and long horns, and the long, densely, conspicuously spinulose achenes with a relatively long, ± subconical cone characterize T. hultenii . On the other hand, there is a striking similarity between T. hultenii and T. longicorne, and the main differences consist of more broadly winged petioles, and narrower outer phyllaries with an abrupt transition between the dark middle part and the paler border in the latter. A more detailed examination of both entities, using also a newly collected material, might reveal their conspecific status.</p><p>Distribution:— Taraxacum hultenii is known from Zavoyko in southern Kamchatka and from Bystrinskiy District in Central Kamchatka.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[RUSSIA] Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, Sredinnyy Khrebet, between the brook of Vechnyy and the pass of Nodeka, ca. 900 m, 30 Jun 2014, K. Klimova (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36929). – Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, Sredinnyy Khrebet, valley of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.74887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.481735" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.74887/lat 55.481735)">Ketagan</a> the 1st, 55°28.904’N, 157°44.932’E, 602 m, 26 Jun 2014, K. Klimova (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36942) . – Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, Bystraya River, behing the pass of Gargachan, 650–680 m, 14–16 Jul 1988, O. A. Chernyagina (KAM, no. det. 36919). – Less certain identification:— RUSSIA . Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, village of Esso, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.713&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.926" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.713/lat 55.926)">Rechnaya Street</a>, 55°55.560’N, 158°42.780’E, 500 m, 14 Jun 2014, M. A. Dzhus &amp; S. P. Lavrichenok 288 (MSKU, no. det. 36930) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFE1FFC5FF78FC1E4BC7BA4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFE0FFC3FF78F9C54A7ABC8A.text	0399F353FFE0FFC3FF78F9C54A7ABC8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum longicorne Dahlstedt 1906	<div><p>49. Taraxacum longicorne Dahlstedt (1906: 9) Type:—[RUSSIA, Sakha Republic] Ytyk-Chaja [Ytyk-khayya], 15 Jul 1901, A. K. Cajander (H, syntype, n. v., fide Hämet-Ahti 1970:</p><p>320). – Lena, Bulun, 5 Jul 1898, N. H . Nilsson 54 (S 13-4415!, syntype; S 13-4414!, syntype). – “ad fluvios Olenek et Lenam inf. et inter Olenek et Lenam”, 1875, Czekanowski (UPS, syntype, n. v.; LE, isosyntypes!). Etymology:—With long horns .</p><p>Plants medium-sized, ± robust, ca. 15–20 cm tall. Petioles broadly winged, ± purplish, glabrous. Leaves ± mid-green, glabrous, narrowly oblanceolate in outline, usually 6–12 (–17) × 1.2–2.0 (–2.5) cm, mostly undivided, with 1–3 pairs of remote, patent lobules, inner leaves often pinnatifid, with 3–4 (5) pairs of patent or subrecurved, ± triangular to deltoid-triangular, entire or denticulate lateral segments; terminal segment triangular, with patent basal lobules. Scapes brownish green, sparsely arachnoid distally, overtopping or ± equalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 4 cm wide. Involucre dark greyish olivaceous-green, ca. 8–9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries not numerous, ca. 10–12, appressed, subimbricate, ovate (often acuminate from a broadly ovate base) to ovate-lanceolate or ± lanceolate, 6–7 (–8) × 2.5–3.0 mm, middle part dark greyish olivaceous-green, with a ± abrupt transition into a distinct, whitish (distally suffused pink) border usually 0.6–1.0 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate distally, apex with a very conspicuous, usually perpendicular horn ca. 2–3 mm long; inner phyllaries dark greyish olivaceous-green, 14–16 mm long, often coalescing. Outer ligules narrow, ± canaliculate, striped grey outside, teeth greyish. Stigmas light discoloured. Pollen present. Slightly unripe achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 4.5 mm long, cone subconical, ca. 0.8 mm long; beak 8–10 mm long, pappus ± white, ca. 5.5 mm long. – Fig. 80.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—Although fully ripe achenes are not available for comparison, there are several diagnostic features characterizing T. longicorne: not numerous, ovate to lanceolate, broadly and conspicuously whitish bordered outer phyllaries with very long horns, and leaves usually undivided, lobulate. The differences from T. hultenii are summarized above. The group of species around T. hjeltii and T. macroceras, in addition to the yellow stigmas, differs in the much narrower and very narrowly bordered outer phyllaries.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from the lower Lena River, Sakha Republic, and from Taimyr Peninsula.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.18117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.30456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.18117/lat 72.30456)">Siberia</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.18117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.30456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.18117/lat 72.30456)">Taymyr Peninsula</a>, western shore of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.18117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.30456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.18117/lat 72.30456)">Lake Sobach’e</a>, near the mouth of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.18117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.30456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.18117/lat 72.30456)">Nakhta River</a>, gravelly shore, 69°03’8.25”N, 90°58’25.8”E, 51 m, 12 Jul 2018, I. N. Pospelov 18-0957 (NSK, photo!). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.18117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.30456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.18117/lat 72.30456)">Southeastern Taymyr</a>, Khatanga River, Dzhon-Ary Island, 72°18’16.4”N, 103°10’52.2”E, 8 Aug 2014, I. N. Pospelov 14-0271 (NSK, photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFE0FFC3FF78F9C54A7ABC8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFE6FFC0FF78FE864C58BDAA.text	0399F353FFE6FFC0FF78FE864C58BDAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum malaisei Dahlstedt 1930	<div><p>50. Taraxacum malaisei Dahlstedt (1930: 223)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] “Grown up in Stockholm from seeds collected in Kamtchatka ”, 1929, R. Malaise (S 13-4876!, syntype; S 13-4874!, syntype; S 13-4871!, syntype; S 13-4873!, syntype; S 13-4876!, syntype; LE!, syntype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Named in honour of René Edmond Malaise (1892–1978), a Swedish entomologist, also collecting plants for E. Hultén.</p><p>Plants relatively tall, to ca. 20 cm. Petiole winged in early middle leaves, ± unwinged in late (cultivated) leaves, subglabrous, often ± purplish. Early middle leaves slightly greyish mid-green, usually with purplish mid-vein, subglabrous, with scattered hairs along mid-vein beneath, narrowly oblanceolate, ca. 7–12 × 1–2 cm, remotely sinuate-lobulate or with flat, short deltoid lobes, later leaves elongated, to 15–25 × 3–4 cm, undivided, remotely dentate or irregularly denticulate, apex subacute. Scapes brownish green, subglabrous, usually sparsely arachnoid below capitulum, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 2.5–3.0 cm wide. Involucre dark grey-green, ca. 7–8 mm wide and narrowly rounded to ± subobconical at base. Outer phyllaries usually (9–) 11–15 (–17), appressed, subimbricate, usually ± acuminate, broadly ovate to ovate, ca. 6–8 (–10) × (3.2–) 4.0–5.0 (–7.0), with a black-green middle line ca. 0.5 mm wide, surface otherwise dark grey-green, gradually getting paler towards margins and therefore with a paler zone to ca. 1.5–2.0 mm wide, border not distinct, usually membranous or whitish-membranous, ca. 0.2–0.4 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate distally, apex with a thick, robust black-green and purplish horn usually 1–3 mm long; inner phyllaries grey-green, ca. 12–14 mm long, with short thick horns. Outer ligules ± flat, striped greenish grey outside, teeth dark grey, inner ligule teeth grey. Stigmas deep discoloured. Pollen absent. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 4.3–4.7 × 1.0– 1.1 mm, body ± densely spinulose in upper 1/3, subgradually narrowing in a subconical cone ca. 0.8–1.0 mm long; beak thin, ca. 10 mm long, pappus yellowish white, ca. 6.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 81.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The original material consists of rather luxuriant cultivated plants, occasionally also with shorter, early middle leaves, but always with enormously elongated later leaves developing during flowering in cultivation. Also the outer phyllaries are larger than in plants from the wild. The ovate, dark grey, broadly but not conspicuously bordered outer phyllaries, and the absence of pollen are diagnostic.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from Kamchatka (without any locality specification).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFE6FFC0FF78FE864C58BDAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFE5FFC0FF78FDA64A1AB45E.text	0399F353FFE5FFC0FF78FDA64A1AB45E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum mimosiflorum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>51. Taraxacum mimosiflorum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] USSR, Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, pars Ajgulakskij chrebet, distr. Usť-Ulagan, in pratis haud procul a lac. Mjortvyje Ozera, ad clausam mont. Ulaganskij Pereval, ca. 1850–1900 m, 2 Jul 1988 , J. Kirschner, cultivated as T 180 (PRA, no. det. 35853, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—The colour of flowers of Mimosa .</p><p>Diagnosis:—Plantae heterophyllae, tempore florendi foliis arachnoideis, aut indivisis aut dissectis, foliorum lobis patentibus, anguste vel late deltoidi-triangularibus, interlobiis maculatis, phyllariis exterioribus adpressis, non imbricatis, conspicue cornutis, pyramide subcylindrica longa et rostro conspicue elongato notabiles.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, ± robust, usually to 14 cm tall. Petiole most often faintly suffused pinkish brownish, sparsely arachnoid, usually broadly winged, outer petioles narrowly winged, plant base without tunic. Leaves ± mid-green to brownish mid-green, sparsely to subdensely, conspicuously arachnoid, later ± glabrescent, ± narrowly oblong in outline, usually 6–11 × (1.5–) 2.0–2.5 (–3.0) cm, leaf blade showing conspicuous heterophyly within each leaf rosette: (a) leaves undivided, ± remotely dentate, (b) leaves pinnatilobed to pinnatifid, usually with 5–6 pairs of patent, broadly deltoid-triangular to ± triangular lateral segments, mostly with distal margin straight to subconcave, denticulate (at least in proximal segments), proximal margin ± straight, entire, and (c) leaves deeply pinnatisect, with (3) 4–6 pairs of patent, linear-triangular or narrowly triangular acuminate segments with distal margin usually subconcave, entire, proximal margin ± straight, entire; in (c), interlobes well developed, medium broad, with 1–2 teeth or a single short linear lobule, interlobe surface often with brown-purple coloration; mid-vein brownish-purplish; terminal segment usually tripartite or trilobed, with acute to acuminate narrowly triangular lobules. Scapes brownish green, arachnoid, ± equalling leaves. Capitulum large, ca. 5 cm wide, light to medium yellow. Involucre dark olivaceous-green, usually 11–12 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 11–15, appressed, ± not imbricate, ovate to ± narrowly ovate (or broadly lanceolate), (7.5–) 9–10 (–11) × (2.5–) 3.3–4.1 (–4.5) mm, middle strip blackish, 0.3–1.0 mm wide, with a gradual transition in a deep olivaceous-brown zone, again with a gradual transition into a paler green and submembranous border 0.3–0.6 mm wide, margin ± ciliate, apex (at least in later capitula) with blackish horns 1.2–2.5 mm long; inner phyllaries 13–15 mm long, not coalescing, conspicuously blackish corniculate. Outer ligules relatively narrow, ± flat to canaliculate, faintly striped light greyish outside, teeth yellowish grey, inner ligule teeth yellow. Stigmas greenish grey with dark grey pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, 3.9–4.5 × 1.0– 1.3 mm, body subsparsely covered with ± robust medium-sized spinules to 0.2–0.3 mm long in upper 1/4–1/3, body subgradually (seldom subabruptly) narrowing into subcylindrical cone (0.8–) 1.0–1.1 (–1.2) mm long, usually ca. 0.4 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally; beak thin, 11.5–13 mm long, pappus white, ca. 6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 3G, 82, 83.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The combination of the distinct heterophyly with at least some leaves pinnatisect and lateral segments patent, narrowly deltoid-triangular, the relatively long outer phyllaries with horns up to 2.5 mm long, the achenes with subsparse, relatively short but robust spinules, a subcylindrical cone over 1 mm long, and an unusually long beak (11.5–13 mm) is diagnostic. Moreover, leaves of T. mimosiflorum are more densely, conspicuously arachnoid in comparison with similar species.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from two sites in the Ulaganskiy Pereval region, Usť-Ulagan District, the Altai.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA, Altai Republic] Usť-Ulagan District, range of Aigulakskii Khrebet, meadows in the vicinity of Myortvye Ozera ( Lakes) near the pass Ulaganskiy Pereval, 1850–1900 m, 2 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3356 (PRA, no. det. 36766). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 180 (PRA, no. det. 36764, isotype). – Ibidem, cultivated as T 155 (PRA, no. det. 36762) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFE5FFC0FF78FDA64A1AB45E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFEAFFCCFF78FF1248A6BF86.text	0399F353FFEAFFCCFF78FF1248A6BF86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum koraginense Komarov 1930	<div><p>52. Taraxacum koraginense Komarov (1930: 200)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Koraginskiy ostrov, syraya tundra, 1910, K. D. Loginovskiy 15 (LE, no. det. 6047, syntype) .</p><p>Note: — The other syntype, “in promontorio NW insulae Koraginskij”, 27 Jul 1920, V. Skobunov, was not seen by us. The interpretation is therefore based on LE, no. det. 6047 .</p><p>Etymology:—After Karaginskiy Island, near the eastern coast of Kamchatka.</p><p>Plants robust, ca. 15–17 cm tall. Petiole winged, green or ± purplish, tunic absent. Leaves deep green, ± glabrous, narrowly oblong in outline, ca. 8–13 × 1.5–2.0 (–2.3) cm, some undivided, usually pinnatilobed to pinnatipartite, with 2–4 pairs of broadly deltoid-triangular, patent to subrecurved lateral segments, distal margin most often denticulate, proximal one entire; terminal segment ± rhombic-triangular; mid-vein often suffused purplish. Scapes brownish green, arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3 cm wide. Involucre dark grey, ca. 8 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually 11–15, ± appressed, subimbricate, outer of them ovate, the other ± ovate-lanceolate, usually 5–7 (–7.5) × (1.8–) 2.2–2.8 (–3.0) mm, surface usually evenly dark, blackish green to dark grey, often with a slightly paler border zone ca. 0.4–0.8 mm wide, or border ± invisible, to 0.1 mm wide, apex with short, ± black horns or only callose; inner phyllaries ca. 11–13 mm long, dark grey-green, flat to corniculate. Outer ligules narrow, canaliculate, faintly striped grey-pink to ± unstriped. Stigmas discoloured. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes [unripe] light stramineous-brown, ca. 4 mm long, body ± densely spinulose in upper 1/2, cone ca. 0.6 mm long; beak length of ripe achenes unknown, pappus white, 6–7 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 84.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— A rather incomplete, not very well preserved type material does not make it possible to characterize this taxon properly. The tightly appressed, subimbricate, not long (usually 5–7 mm, the inner of them to 7.5 mm), dark, usually relatively broadly but not conspicuously bordered outer phyllaries, and a relatively short cone may be considered as diagnostic. Among hundreds of specimens seen from Kamchatka, only a single gathering is really close to the original material of T. koraginense (Ichinskaya Sopka) . Its outer phyllaries are darker and therefore with a narrower and less distinct border, and with longer horns, but otherwise the new material matches the type .</p><p>Distribution:—Known only from Karaginskiy Island, North Kamchatka, and from Bystrinskiy District, Central Kamchatka.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Central Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, SE of Ichinskaya Sopka volcano, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.90297&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.627934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.90297/lat 55.627934)">Babav</a> R., 55°37.676’ N, 157°54.178’ E, 927 m, 17 Jul 2015, V. V. Buryy T006, T007 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36933) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFEAFFCCFF78FF1248A6BF86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFE9FFCCFF78FC724BCEBBB2.text	0399F353FFE9FFCCFF78FC724BCEBBB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum tuvense Krasnoborov	<div><p>53. Taraxacum tuvense Krasnoborov &amp; A.Krasnikov in Krasnoborov et al. (1984: 537) Type:—[RUSSIA, Republic of Tuva] Tuvinskaya ASSR, Erzinskiy r-n, nagor’e Sangilen, verchov’ye r. Naryn, verchov’ye ruch’ya</p><p>Khap-Sug, osypi u osnovaniya skal izvestnyaka, 2300 m, 8 Jul 1973, I. Krasnoborov &amp; M. Sakovich (NS, holotype, n. v., but see</p><p>Krasnoborov et al. 1984: 538, fig. 1; LE, no. det. 6029, isotype). Etymology:— The Tyva Republic, or Tuva (in Russian), a national region (formerly a state) east of the Altai at the Mongolian border .</p><p>Plants relatively slender, usually up to 15 cm, sometimes to 25 cm tall. Petiole long, usually winged, sometimes unwinged, slightly purplish along the vein, subglabrous, tunic absent. Leaves subglabrous, light green, linear-oblong in outline, usually 8–13 (–15) × (1.0–) 1.5–2.0 (–2.5) cm, pinnatilobed to pinnatisect, usually with 2–3 pairs of short, patent deltoid or ± recurved, narrowly triangular, subobtuse to subacute entire lateral segments; terminal segment ± narrowly triangular, entire, subobtuse, basal lobules short, patent. Scapes brownish green, often suffused purplish, ± glabrous, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, to ca. 3 cm wide. Involucre greyish olivaceous-green, ca. 8–9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 12–13, appressed, subimbricate or not imbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually 5.0–6.3 × 2.1–3.0 mm, often suffused pink distally, with a black-green middle part, a paler green zone ca. 0.5–0.9 mm wide, and a very narrow, membranous or whitish-membranous border usually 0.1–0.2 mm, sometimes to 0.5 mm wide, margin ± glabrous, apex usually dark corniculate; inner phyllaries ca. 12–14 mm long, blackish olivaceous-green, flat or ± corniculate. Outer ligules flat, striped grey-purple outside, teeth blackish purple, inner ligule teeth purplish. Stigmas dark discoloured. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes not seen in the original material; Krasnikov (1997) gives the following features: achenes deep brown, 4–4.5 mm long, cone 0.8–1.0 mm long; beak 6–8 mm long, pappus 7–8 mm long. — Agamospermous. – Fig. 85.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The absence of achenes makes any comparison rather difficult. However, there is a species described from (almost) the same locality, T. sangilense Krasnoborov &amp; Khanmichun, having strikingly similar, if not identical, outer phyllaries. The latter has long, almost smooth achenes with a subconical cone. Its differences from T. tuvense include deep purple, long, thin petioles, and undivided spathulate leaves. Further study is needed; T. sangilense was listed among possible members of T. sect. Atrata (Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek 2017: 256).</p><p>The sectional position of T. tuvense is inferred from the winged petiole, patent, flat deltoid leaf lateral segments, and usually corniculate outer phyllaries, all pointing to T. sect. Borealia.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from the Tuva Republic, probably endemic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFE9FFCCFF78FC724BCEBBB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFE8FFC8FF78FAC34976BA66.text	0399F353FFE8FFC8FF78FAC34976BA66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum pseudocompitale Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>54. Taraxacum pseudocompitale Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA] Sibiria merid., urbs Irkutsk, lacus Bajkal, pagus Listvjanka, in decl. stepposis supra portum in pago Listvjanka, 26 Oct 1985, J . Kirschner &amp; J . Štěpánek, cultivated from achenes as JŠ 2549, collected in 1988 (PRA, no. det. 37778; isotypi: PRA) .</p><p>Etymology:—Similar to Taraxacum compitale .</p><p>Diagnosis:—A Taraxaco compitali acheniis tenuibus corpore superne subsparse squamuloso, in pyramidem subcylindricam persensim transeunte, phyllariis exterioribus arcte adpressis, conspicue late marginatis, et foliis forma differt .</p><p>Plants medium-sized, usually 10–15 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, subglabrous; petiole winged to broadly winged, pale greenish or ± purplish along mid-vein. Leaves deep green to ± dark green, later often slightly suffused brownish-purplish, ± glabrous, oblong to narrowly oblong in outline, ca. (5–) 9–12 (–14) × (1.2–) 2.0–2.5 (–3.5) cm, with conspicuous heterophyly, leaves of side rosettes and some outer leaves often undivided, up to 2 cm wide, variably dentate to sinuate-lobulate, the other leaves pinnatipartite to pinnatisect; lateral segments ± patent to slightly subrecurved, in 4–6 pairs, triangular-deltoid, or with a broad triangular basal half and an elongated, linear to linear-lingulate distal part, distal margin usually ± concave, entire or with 1–2 (or several minute) teeth, proximal margin usually straight, entire, apex acute to subacute; terminal segment small, flat-triangular to ± tripartite, entire, apex acute, basal lobules small, patent, acute; interlobes short, usually ca. 5 mm wide, rarely entire, usually with 1–2 teeth; mid-vein green or suffused brownish-purplish. Scapes growing from outside the leaf rosette, ± arachnoid (but almost glabrous just below capitulum), ± brownish green, equalling or slightly overtopping leaves. Capitulum golden yellow, ca. 3.5–4.5 cm wide. Involucre dark (blackish) olivaceous-green, not pruinose, ca. 10–11 mm wide and rounded to broadly subobconical at base. Outer phyllaries usually 11–14, appressed, ± not imbricate (the outermost ones long, ± equalling the others, all reaching ca. 2/3 of the inner phyllaries), seldom ovate, usually ovate lanceolate, some of them lanceolate, usually (7–) 8–9 (–9.5) × (2.8–) 3.2–3.7 mm, abaxial surface with middle part dark blackish olivaceous (± black when dry), with a subabrupt transition into a pale border ca. 0.8–1.0 mm wide, pale border divided in the inner pale greenish part, with a gradual transition into a variably broad membranous border, distal part of phyllaries usually suffused dark purplish, margin initially long ciliate, later very sparsely ciliate, apex (at least in later capitula) with a thick blackish horn 0.3–1.0 mm long. Outer ligules flat, striped light grey outside, teeth grey, inner ligule teeth grey-yellow. Stigmas light greyish yellow (dirty yellow with sparse, mixed hyaline and grey pubescence outside). Pollen present, irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ± slender, ca. 4.4–4.7 × 0.8–1.0 mm, body with subsparse, medium long to short, erect-patent (rarely subpatent) acute squamules, very gradually narrowing into a subcylindrical cone usually 0.7–0.9 mm long (difficult to measure because of sparse short squamules ascending to lower 1/3–1/2 of the cone), beak 9–10 mm long, pappus dirty white to brownish white, ca. 6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 86–88.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum pseudocompitale is seemingly intermediate between T. compitale and T. xanthellum . However, its outer phyllaries are distinctly, broadly bordered, distally suffused purple (and thus quite similar to those of T. tuvense (see Fig. 85). Another diagnostic feature of T. pseudocompitale is the shape of achenes: they are slender, very gradually narrowing into a subcylindrical cone. The size and shape of achenes also distinguish T. pseudocompitale from the other members of the core group around T. hjeltii .</p><p>Distribution and habitat:—Known from a series of gatherings from the western part of the shore of Lake Baikal.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Irkutsk Region, Lake Baikal, village of Listvyanka, substeppe slopes above the port in Listvyanka, 26 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner &amp; J. Štěpánek, cult. as JŠ 2537 (PRA, no. det. 37780). – Less certain identification (a modification with longer cone and suberect achene spinulosity: Ibidem, cult. as JŠ 2550 (PRA, no. det. 37782).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFE8FFC8FF78FAC34976BA66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FFEDFF37FF78F9D24A99BEE6.text	0399F353FFEDFF37FF78F9D24A99BEE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum desolatum Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>55. Taraxacum desolatum Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:— RUSSIA. Altai Republic, Kosh-Agach District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.047" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.658/lat 50.047)">Aktru Valley</a>, ca. 50.047°N, 87.658°E, 2700–2800 m, 31 Jul 1997, A. Aitchinson, cultivated under no JK 4705 (PRA, no. det. 37812, holotype; isotype: PRA, no. det. 37814) .</p><p>Etymology:—Lonely, desolate.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Species insignis foliis mediocriter laete viridibus, saepissime pinnatipartitis, segmentis lateralibus deltoidei-triangularibus, ligulis estriatis, stigmatibus obscuris, acheniis stramineis vel ochraceo-stramineis, sublaevibus, corpore superne spinulis parvulis sparsissimis praedito, in pyramidem breviter conicam subabrupte transeunte.</p><p>Plants relatively small, with a ± compact growth, usually 6–12 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, with ± dense arachnoid indumentum among petiole bases. Petiole broadly winged in outer leaves, narrowly winged in inner ones, light green or slightly suffused pinkish beneath, with scattered arachnoid hairs. Leaves ± light mid-green, initially arachnoid, later sparsely so along mid-vein, ± oblanceolate in outline, ca. 5–10 (–12) × 1.3–2.7 cm, pinnatilobed to pinnatipartite; terminal segment broadly triangular to ± triangular, margins entire, ± straight, basal lobules patent, apex acute; lateral segments in 2–4 pairs, deltoid to triangular, patent to (more often) recurved, distal margin straight to subconvex, entire or with 1–3 minute teeth in the most proximal segments, proximal margin entire, usually subconcave; interlobes broad and short, usually 1–3 mm long, usually entire; mid-vein light greenish, sometimes pinkish. Scapes growing from outside the leaf rosette, brownish green, arachnoid (initially densely so), usually subequalling leaves. Capitulum seep yellow, ca. 3–3.5 cm wide. Involucre ± not pruinose, blackish green, usually 8–9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries (12) 14–15 (19), appressed, ± not imbricate (but some innermost of them markedly longer, as if seemingly intermediate between outer and inner phyllaries), lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, usually (6.5–) 7.0–7.5 (–9.0) × (2.2–) 2.5–3.0 (–3.5) mm, surface ± black-green, border sharply delimited, whitish, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, with a grey-green zone 0.5–0.8 mm wide and a central blackish band ca. 0.5 mm wide; margins ciliate (hairs relatively long), apex with ± black horns 1–1.5 mm long, projecting in the same direction as its phyllary (not perpendicular); inner phyllaries ca. 13–15 mm long, of unequal width, blackish olivaceous, with horns to 1 mm long. Outer ligules not very numerous, flat, ± not striped outside or striped faintly pinkish, all ligule teeth dirty yellow. Stigmas medium deep discoloured, yellow-grey, with blackish pubescence outside. Pollen abundant, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light pinkish ochraceous-stramineous to light stramineous, 4.0–4.3 × 1.1–1.3 mm, body very sparsely spinulose in upper 1/5 (–1/4), with spinules short, often curved upwards, body subabruptly narrowing into a broadly conical cone 0.4–0.6 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick at base, ca. 0.4 mm distally; beak 8.5–9.5 mm long, pappus ± white, ca. 5.5 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 89, 90.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—Morphologically, T. desolatum stands close to T. peschkovae but is distinct from the latter in having mid-green (vs. dark green) leaves, mid-vein green or ± pinkish (vs. brown-purple), leaves divided, ligules ± not striped outside, and achenes with very sparse, minute spinules.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum desolatum is known from a single macrolocality in Aktru Valley in the northern part of Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FFEDFF37FF78F9D24A99BEE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF12FF32FF78FAFC4CC8B9B0.text	0399F353FF12FF32FF78FAFC4CC8B9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum pseudoceratoides Kirschner & Stepanek 2025	<div><p>56. Taraxacum pseudoceratoides Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:— RUSSIA. The Altai Republic, Ongudai District, vicinity of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.598/lat 50.306)">Aktash village</a>, subsaline meadows between the village and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.598/lat 50.306)">Chuya River</a>, ca. 1340 m, ca. 50.306°N, 87.598°E, 4–5 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated at Průhonice under no. JK 680 (PRA, no. det. 37816, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology:—Similar to members of T. sect. Ceratoidea.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Species halophila inter sectiones Borealia et Ceratoidea media, characteres sectionis Ceratoideum aemulans, foliis laete cinereo-viridibus vel glauco-viridibus, stigmatibus saepissime laete luteis, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus ± adpressis, viridibus, marginibus pallidioribus latis, acheniis plerumque dense squamulosis, corpore in pyramidem subcylindricam abrupte vel subabrupte transeunte, et flosculis pallide luteis notabilis.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, usually 13–23 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, with ± dense arachnoid indumentum among petiole bases. Petiole narrowly winged (more broadly in outer leaves), usually purplish. Leaves light greyish green, sometimes light glaucous-green, often bordered or suffused purplish, sparsely arachnoid to subglabrous, linear-oblong, linear-oblanceolate, rarely narrowly oblanceolate in outline, usually (5–) 7–10 (–12) × (0.7–) 1.2–1.6 (–2.0) cm, sometimes undivided and then entire or inconspicuously sinuate-dentate, usually pinnatilobed to pinnatipartite; terminal segment variable, not dominant, narrowly triangular to triangular, subacute to subobtuse, margins usually entire, sometimes with a tooth or incision, basal lobules short, patent to recurved; lateral segments usually 4–6, patent to recurved, usually with ± perpendicular, entire proximal margin and a gradually sloping, concave distal margin, entire or with a single incision or a tooth, distal part of lateral leaf segments often lingulate; interlobes variable, distal ones entire, proximal ones (and a basal part of segment’s distal margin) often denticulate; mid-vein pale green or suffused purplish. Scapes growing from the centre of rosette, light brownish green, distally often suffused purple, arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum light yellow, ca. 3.0– 3.5 cm wide. Involucre ± pruinose, light olivaceous-green to yellowish green, ca. (8–) 9–11 mm wide and broadly rounded to subtruncate at base. Outer phyllaries usually 12–19, appressed to loosely appressed, sometimes erect, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, usually (6–) 7–7.5 (–9) × (2.6–) 3.1–3.5 (–4.1) mm, surface generally light yellowish green to greyish green, sometimes suffused purplish (mostly distally), border whitish membranous, usually sharply delimited, 0.4–1.1 mm wide, often suffused light purple, middle zone yellowish olivaceous or greyish olivaceous, middle strip black-olivaceous, ca. 0.5 mm wide, margins ± not ciliate, apex with a dark green horn up to ca. 1 mm long; inner phyllaries 12–14 mm long, of ± invariable width, dark corniculate. Outer ligules flat to canaliculate, light yellow, faintly striped purplish outside, all apical teeth dirty purplish. Stigmas ± yellow, sometimes slightly pale greenish yellow, old stigmas slightly darkening. Pollen abundant, pollen grains conspicuously variable in size. Achenes light stramineous to light greyish stramineous, 3.7–4.3 × 1.0– 1.1 mm, body densely and conspicuously squamulose, partly also spinulose, in upper 1/3–1/2, in outer achenes squamulose throughout, abruptly to subabruptly narrowing in a subcylindrical cone 0.7–0.8 × 0.35–0.40 mm; beak 8.5–10.5 mm, pappus white, usually 6–7 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 91–93.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—When compared with other members of T. sect. Borealia, it is a strikingly outstanding taxon with a combination of pale greyish green leaf color, light yellow flowers, yellow stigmas and conspicuously squamulose achenes. Within T. sect. Ceratoidea it is best compared with T. bicorne, but is readily distinguishable by its outer phyllary and achene characters.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum pseudoceratoides is known from a single macrolocality, a mozaic of wet saline habitats, pastures and wetlands between the village of Aktash and river Chuya. The sites are dominated by Hordeum brevisubulatum, accompanied by the white-flowered Taraxacum leucanthum and a yellow-flowered T. sinicum; the elevation varies between 1330 and 1350 m.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Altai Mts., Ongudai District, saline meadows near the village of Aktash, “ca. 1800 m ” [mistake: in reality it is about 1340 m], 4–5 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner 101, the above-ground plant part belonging to the root no. 101, later cultivated as JŠ 3405 (PRA, no. det. 37818). – The Altai Republic, Ongudai District, vicinity of Aktash village, subsaline meadows between the village and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.598/lat 50.306)">Chuya River</a>, ca. 1340 m, ca. 50.306°N, 87.598°E, 4–5 Jul 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated at Průhonice under no. JK 3607 (PRA, no. det. 37822). – Ibidem, cultivated as JK T163 from achenes no JŠ 3405 (PRA, no. det. 37820) .</p><p>Taxa with names based on a rather inadequate material, with tentative interpretation</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF12FF32FF78FAFC4CC8B9B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF17FF33FF78F9984A51BFA3.text	0399F353FF17FF33FF78F9984A51BFA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum chamarense Peschkova 1977	<div><p>57. Taraxacum chamarense Peschkova (1977: 227)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA, Buryatia] Khamar-Daban, istoki r. Mishikhi, podgol’tsovoi poyas, bereg reki, na syrom peske [Khamar-Daban Mts., sources of Mishikha River, subalpine zone, river bank on humid sand], 1380 m, 20 Aug 1963, M. Ivanova 1731 (LE, no. det. 6133) .</p><p>Etymology:—Khamar-Daban [Хамар-Дабaн], a mountain range in the southwestern vicinity of Lake Baikal, Buryatia]</p><p>Note:—On the holotype herbarium sheet, one of the plants is marked “a” and annotated “a – Taraxacum chamarense ”. The other plant has achenes, corresponding to those in Ivanova 1988, and used for the original decription.</p><p>Plants relatively robust, rather tall due to the habitat, usually to 25 cm. Petiole narrowly winged, ± glabrous, tunic absent. Leaves (only late ones present) ± mid-green, ± glabrous, oblanceolate, ca. (5–) 10–15 (–20) × ca. 2–3 (–4.5) cm, undivided, remotely dentate to remotely sinuate-lobulate; mid-vein green or pinkish. Scapes brownish green, subglabrous, sparsely arachnoid below capitulum, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3–4 cm wide. Involucre black-green, ca. 8 mm wide and ± rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 11–13, very unequal, loosely appressed, subimbricate, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, usually 6.5–10 × 2.5–3.5 mm, surface black-green with black middle line, border sharply delimited, whitish to whitish-membranous, ca. 0.3–0.6 mm wide, margin ± glabrous, apex with a thick, robust black horn 1–2 mm long; inner phyllaries 14–16 mm long, black-green, with horns to ca. 1.5 mm, or corniculate. Outer ligules striped very light greyish pink or pinkish outside. Stigmas yellow-green. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes cinnamon-brown to slightly reddish deep brown, ca. 4.5–4.8 × 1.2–1.4 mm, ± densely spinulose in upper 1/3, subabruptly to subgradually narrowing into a thick conical cone ca. 0.5–0.7 × 0.5–0.6 mm; beak thin, ca. 9 mm long, pappus white, ca. 6–7 mm long. – Agamospermous.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—If we disregard a possible taxonomic heterogeneity of the three selected elements of the original material, T. chamarense may be characterized by the thick, cinnamon-brown to ± brown achenes with a thick, short, conical cone, and the blackish, unequal, clearly bordered outer phyllaries. Further material is needed to characterize this species properly. The problematic character of the original material is primarily grounded in a rather doubtful conspecificity of the flowering and fruiting specimens, and in the rather late stage of development of the holotype.</p><p>Distribution:— Taraxacum chamarense is known to occur in the vicinity of Lake Baikal, mainly in the Khamar-Daban Range.</p><p>Specimens examined:—[ RUSSIA] Buryatiya, Khamar Daban mountains, right source of river Margasan, upper boundary of Pinus sibirica light forest, on rocks near the waterfall, [51°23′ N, 103°18′ E], 18 Aug 1962, M. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.3/lat 51.383335)">Ivanova</a> 1988 (NSK, photo!, paratype). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.3/lat 51.383335)">Khamar-Daban Mts.</a>, sources of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.3/lat 51.383335)">Mishikha River</a>, subalpine zone, brook bank on humid sand, 1400 m, 20 Aug 1963, M. Ivanova 1658 (NSK, photo!, an element of the original material, collected roughly at the type locality the same day as the holotype but not cited in the protologue) .</p><p>Another element of the original material, a paratype, is doubtfully conspecific with the holotype, although even that cannot be excluded: Baikal Lake, the southeastern shore area, bank of Langatuy River, 14 Jun 1963, M. Ivanova 44 (NSK, photo!). There is another specimen, doubtfully a part of the OM, collected at the same site as Ivanova 1988: Khamar Daban mountains, right source of river Margasan, upper boundary of Pinus sibirica light forest, on rocks near the waterfall, 18 Aug 1962, M. Ivanova 1992 (NSK, photo!). It lacks flower heads (broken off, and lost), however, and cannot be assigned to T. chamarense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF17FF33FF78F9984A51BFA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF16FF33FF78FBAE4A80BB96.text	0399F353FF16FF33FF78FBAE4A80BB96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum natschikense Komarov 1930	<div><p>58. Taraxacum natschikense Komarov (1930: 199) Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamchatka, bassein r. Avachi, vershina r. Poperechnoi, zona al’piyskaya [Avacha River basin, upper</p><p>Poperechnaya River, alpine zone], 30 Jul 1908 [12 Aug 1908, Gregorian Calendar], V. Komarov 681/1881 (LE, no. det. 6041,</p><p>holotype). Etymology:— Named after Nachiki River (and Nachikinskaya Gora or Nachikinskiy Khrebet) in central Kamchatka .</p><p>Plants robust, to 18 cm tall. Petiole winged to broadly winged, ± glabrous, often slightly purplish, tunic ± absent. Leaves ± greyish mid-green, subglabrous, oblanceolate, ca. 7–14 × 1.3–3.0 cm, undivided, apex obtuse, margins subentire to irregularly denticulate (there is an incomplete early leaf, pinnatipartite, with lateral segments patent, triangular, distal margin sigmoid with a broad base to 9 mm wide and acuminate apex, interlobes distinct); mid-vein usually purplish proximally. Scapes brownish green, subglabrous, sparsely arachnoid just below capitulum, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, probably ca. 2.5–3 cm wide. Involucre black-green, ca. 7–8 mm wide and ± narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries probably ca. 11–13, appressed, subimbricate, ovate to narrowly ovate, 5.5–7.0 × 2.8–3.9 mm, surface evenly black-green, border indistinct, membranous, ca. 0.2 mm wide, or ± invisible, apex ± flat or callose; inner phyllaries ca. 10–11 mm long, black-green, ± corniculate. Outer ligules canaliculate (?), faintly striped purplish outside. Stigmas discoloured. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes unknown. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 94.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The original material of T. natschikense is very incomplete and difficult to evaluate. A single fragment of an early leaf is deeply divided, while the other leaves are totally undivided. In spite of the problematic character of the type specimen, the material can be characterized by the following character combination: Outer phyllaries very dark, black-green, broad, ovate, almost unbordered or with an indistinct border, almost not corniculate, petiole ± broadly winged, stigmas discoloured, pollen present. It is a doubtful name, however, with a limited possibility of the future interpretation without epitypification.</p><p>The description of achenes given in the protologue may be disregarded as there are no reasonably developed achenes, and the description refers to extremely early fruits.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from southern Kamchatka.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF16FF33FF78FBAE4A80BB96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF15FF31FF78FB094BDDB8CF.text	0399F353FF15FF31FF78FB094BDDB8CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum latisquameum Dahlstedt 1926	<div><p>59. Taraxacum latisquameum Dahlstedt (1926b: 9)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, Kamchatka] In monte eruptivo Mutnovskaja, 1400 m, 29 Jul 1922, E . Hultén 4054 (S, syntype, n. v.). – Kamtchatka, Malka, under Salix macrolepis on the bank of Bystraja river, 27 Jul 1924, P. T . Novograblenov 662 (S 12-27451!, syntype) .</p><p>Etymology:—With broad phyllaries.</p><p>Plants medium-sized, to ca. 20 cm tall. Petiole narrow, ± unwinged, purplish, tunic absent. Leaves ± mid-green, narrowly oblanceolate in outline, usually 10–13 × 2–3 cm, to 30 cm in taller vegetation, pinnatipartite, with 2–4 pairs of deltoid-triangular, subrecurved lateral segments, distal margin ± straight, ± entire, proximal margin straight, entire or with a single basal tooth; terminal segment usually broadly triangular; interlobes broad, entire or with a single short tooth; mid-vein purplish. Scapes brownish green, suffused purplish, sparsely arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 4.5 cm wide. Involucre blackish olivaceous-green, ca. 12–13 mm wide and ± truncate at base. Outer phyllaries numerous, ca. 15–17, appressed, subimbricate, broadly ovate to ovate, ca. 8–10 × 3.0– 4.5 mm, surface ± evenly blackish olivaceous-green, with a black middle line, border ± whitish, very narrow, to 0.1–0.2 mm wide, margin ± ciliate, apex usually black corniculate, less often with a short horn; inner phyllaries ca. 13–16 mm long, corniculate or with short horns, blackish olivaceous-green. Outer ligules ± flat, striped grey-pink or purplish outside. Stigmas deep discoloured. Pollen absent or very sparse. Achenes unknown. – Fig. 95.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—Only a rather scanty material was available for the above description, and we had to rely on the protologue in many respects. Taraxacum latisquameum is characterized by a broad involucre base and numerous, appressed, broadly ovate to ovate, dark blackish outer phyllaries with a very narrow border. New gatherings from Kamchatka (Bystrinskiy District) are well developed plants (again without ripe achenes); they have a lower number of outer phyllaries than the material on Fig. 95, pollen is absent or very sparse.</p><p>Distribution:—Originally known from southern Kamchatka, and the new material extends this range to central part of the peninsula.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, N of the Ichinskaya Sopka volcano, rocks near the upper stream of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.45935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.566483" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.45935/lat 55.566483)">Studenoy Brook</a>, a tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.45935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.566483" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.45935/lat 55.566483)">Galdavit’ River</a>, 1193 m, 29 Jul 2015, V. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.45935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.566483" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.45935/lat 55.566483)">Buryy</a> T001 (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36909). – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.45935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.566483" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.45935/lat 55.566483)">Bystrinskiy District</a>, SW. of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.45935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.566483" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.45935/lat 55.566483)">Ichinskaya Sopka</a> volcano, 55°33.989’ N, 157°27.561’ E, 1643 m, 7 Aug 2017, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36940) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF15FF31FF78FB094BDDB8CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF14FF3EFF78FB4B4C1CB9B6.text	0399F353FF14FF3EFF78FB4B4C1CB9B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum dilutum Dahlstedt 1926	<div><p>60. Taraxacum dilutum Dahlstedt (1926b: 4) Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Kamtchatka, bassein r. Paratunka, sel. Nikolaevsk [Paratunka River basin, village of Nikolaevsk], 11 Jul</p><p>1908, V. Komarov (S 12-27577!, syntype [lower quality]). – Kamtchatka, Klutschi, 18 Jun 1921 , R. Malaise 3358 (S 12-27574!,</p><p>syntype; S 05-8203 !, syntype). Etymology:—Faintly coloured, weak.</p><p>Plants small, of robust appearance, to ca. 8 cm tall. Petiole winged, light green, often suffused pinkish, subglabrous, tunic absent. Leaves light green, glabrous above, sparsely arachnoid along mid-vein beneath, narrowly oblanceolate in outline, ca. 4–7 × 1.2–1.8 cm, pinnatilobed to pinnatifid, with 2–3 (4) pairs of patent to subrecurved, deltoid-triangular, usually entire lateral segments; terminal segment narrowly triangular, ± entire, with patent, acute basal lobules; interlobes broad, entire or some with a single little tooth; mid-vein usually pale green. Scapes light brownish green, distally arachnoid, usually subequalling leaves. Capitulum light or pale yellow, ca. 3 cm wide. Involucre light olivaceous-green, ca. 7 mm wide and narrowly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries ca. 10–13, ±loosely appressed, not imbricate, linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, usually (4.8–) 5.5–6.5 (–7.0) × 1.3–2.5 mm, surface light olivaceous-green, with a slightly darker middle zone and a very gradual, variably broad transition in an indistinct, paler olivaceous-green to membranous border 0.3–0.6 mm wide, margin ± glabrous, sometimes denticulate, apex usually with a distinct, elongated, purplish green horn usually 1.5–2.5 mm long; inner phyllaries 12–14 mm long, light olivaceous-green, sometimes coalescing, with shorter horns ca. 0.6–0.8 mm long. Outer ligules ± flat, initially subtubular, very faintly striped pinkish or greyish outside, teeth pale greyish-pinkish, inner ligule teeth light grey. Stigmas light greenish yellow or light green, rarely darker. Pollen absent. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 3.7–4.0 × 0.8–0.9 mm, body subsparsely but distinctly spinulose in upper 1/3, subabruptly narrowing in a subcylindrical cone ca. 0.8 mm long; beak 7.5–8.5 mm, pappus white, ca. 6 mm long. – Agamospermous. – Fig. 96.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The low number of outer phyllaries, their size and shape (up to 6.5 mm long, linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate), very light discoloured, almost yellow stigmas, and the absence of pollen are diagnostic. This species, however, remains rather unclear because of a rather unusual development of important characters.</p><p>Distribution:—According to the material available, T. dilutum is confined to Kamchatka (Klyuchi, Paratunka River and Esso). The new gathering from the vicinity of Esso is in good agreement with the type material (pollen absent, stigmas light to medium discoloured); the description of achenes is based upon the latter material.</p><p>Specimens examined:— RUSSIA. Bystrinskiy District, Bystrinskiy Nature Park, about 30 km from Esso towards Petropavlovsk-Kamchtskiy, 18 Jun 2014, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36938) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF14FF3EFF78FB4B4C1CB9B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1BFF3FFF78F9824CA4BDC6.text	0399F353FF1BFF3FFF78F9824CA4BDC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum ajanense Woroschilov 1967	<div><p>61. Taraxacum ajanense Woroschilov (1967: 7)</p><p>Type:—[ RUSSIA, The Far East] Regio Chabarovskensis, Ajan, in decl. herboso, 27 Jul 1965 , V. N. Woroschilov 12316 (LE, no. det. 6139, holotype; isotype: MHA!) .</p><p>Etymology:—Ayan, a village in the Khabarovsk Region, the Far East.</p><p>Plants robust, to 48 cm tall (at fruiting stage in a taller meadow). Petiole ± winged (unwinged at the very base), suffused purplish; tunic absent. Leaves (after full flowering) dark green, narrowly oblong, 30–35 × 3.0– 3.5 cm in the type specimen, undivided, shallowly sinuate-dentate and denticulate, some with patent very broadly triangular shallow lobules; mid-vein purplish, at least proximally. Scapes elongated after flowering, to 48 cm long, light brownish green and suffused pinkish, arachnoid, overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 4 cm wide. Involucre dark or ± blackish olivaceous-green, rounded at base. Outer phyllaries probably 10–15, appressed, loosely appressed or erect, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, ca. 7–9 × 2.8–3.5 (–4.2) mm, dark olivaceous-green and often suffused purplish, with distinct venation, border not visible, apex with horns; inner phyllaries ca. 15–18 mm long, corniculate. Outer ligules ± flat, striped greenish-grey outside. Stigmas yellow-green. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, ca. 4.6–4.8 × 0.9–1.0 mm, body conspicuously and densely spinulose in upper 1/4, some spinules to 0.3 mm long, body subabruptly to abruptly narrowing into a cylindrical cone 1.1–1.3 × 0.35–0.4 mm; beak thin, ca. (13–) 17–20 mm long, pappus yellowish white, ca. 7–8 mm long. – Fig. 97, 98.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—The type specimen is in a rather late stage of development, and the characters of outer phyllaries cannot be recorded with certainty; in all likelihood, they are loosely appressed, ovate-lanceolate, without a paler border and with a distinct venation. Achenes with dense, thin and long spinules and an enormously long beak are diagnostic. Taraxacum ajanense may be intermediate between T. sect. Borealia and T. sect. Mongolica .</p><p>Distribution:—Known from the type collection only; it is confined to the Khabarovsk region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1BFF3FFF78F9824CA4BDC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1AFF3AFF78FB58493BBC90.text	0399F353FF1AFF3AFF78FB58493BBC90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum koraginicola Komarov 1930	<div><p>62. Taraxacum koraginicola Komarov (1930: 201) Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Ov. Koraginskiy ( Beringovo more), srednee techenie r. Anotovan, rechnye berega [Karaginskiy Island</p><p>(Bering Sea), middle stream of Annotovan River, river banks], 17 Jul 1928, L. D. Kanakin 293 (LE, no. det. 6087, holotype). Etymology:— Named according to the Karaginskiy Island near the eastern coast of Kamchatka in the Bering Sea. Note:— The name T. koraginicola is entirely based on a single, non-flowering specimen. The following description is therefore rather fragmentary .</p><p>A plant of robust appearance, up to 20 cm tall. Petiole ± broadly winged, subglabrous, tunic ± absent. Leaves subglabrous, oblanceolate, ca. 4–11 × 1.5–2.5 cm, undivided, usually remotely sinuate-dentate or with several short, patent, broadly triangular lobules, apex subacute. Scapes sparsely arachnoid, overtopping leaves at later, fruiting stage. Flowers absent. Outer phyllaries ± appressed, ± lanceolate, ca. 6–7 × 2.5–3.0 mm, surface ± evenly blackish green, border invisible or very narrow, whitish-membranous, apex with short obtuse black horns; inner phyllaries ca. 14–15 mm long, blackish green, flat to corniculate. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, 5.7–6.0 × 1.1–1.3 mm, body subsparsely, shortly spinulose in upper 1/4–1/3, gradually narrowing into a long, subcylindrical to narrowly subconical to subcylindrical cone 1.6–1.8 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm thick at base, ca. 0.3 mm distally; beak thin, 9.5–10.5 mm long, pappus ± white, ca. 6.5 mm long. – Fig. 99.</p><p>Diagnostic notes:—There are several character complexes (leaf colour, flowers, well developed outer phyllaries) missing from the type (and the only) specimen. However, achenes are present, well developed; they are long, up to 6 mm, with an unusually long cone (1.6–1.8 mm). The latter character is diagnostic.</p><p>Distribution:—Known from one or possibly two localities in the region of Kamchatka (Karaginskiy Island and Bystrinskiy District).</p><p>Specimens examined:— Less certain identification:— RUSSIA. Kamchatka, Bystrinskiy District, NW. part of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.94188&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.4619" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.94188/lat 56.4619)">Bystrinskiy Nature Park</a>, 56°27.714’N, 157°56.513’E, 1110 m, 24 Jul 2014, V. V. Buryy (herb. V. V. Buryy, no. det. 36936) .</p><p>Note:—It is the narrow subconical to subcylindrical cone that makes an otherwise useless original material of T. koraginicola remarkable. In the rich material from Kamchatka, we came across only a single specimens with very similar achenes, not contradicting the other characters that could have been observed on the type specimen. However, the taxon hidden under the name T. koraginicola requires further study based on newly collected material.</p><p>Unclear names</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1AFF3AFF78FB58493BBC90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78FB594A89B9BC.text	0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78FB594A89B9BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum andersonii Haglund 1946	<div><p>Taraxacum andersonii Haglund (1946: 335)</p><p>Type:—[U.S.A., Alaska] Alaska, Skagway, 26 Jul 1934 [27 July in the protologue], J. P. Anderson, cultivated in Stockholm under no. 57, collected by G. E. Haglund on 11 May 1934 (S 05-7635!, probable holotype, numerous syntypes in S also!) .</p><p>A very distinctive species with dark grey-brown achenes, broadly oblong-ovate and broadly bordered outer phyllaries, with thick horns in youngest capitula, absence of pollen and a peculiar leaf shape. This character combination was not found in the Russian material, and we, for the time being, do not treat this species as a member of the east Russian flora, although it was reported by Tzvelev (1992: 386).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78FB594A89B9BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78F9954B2FBB5C.text	0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78F9954B2FBB5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum bicorne Dahlstedt 1906	<div><p>Taraxacum bicorne Dahlstedt (1906: 29, plate 17)</p><p>Type:—[KYRGYZSTAN] Plantae Turkestanicae, Alpes Alexandri, in valle fl. Kaschkara locis graminosis humidis, 5 Jun 1896, V. F. Brotherus 103 (syntypes: H, B [the latter probably destroyed]; isosyntypes: LE, no. det. 8053; [fragment] S, no. det. 18357) .</p><p>As reported by Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek (2008) and Zeisek et al. (2019), T. bicorne is a core member of T. sect. Ceratoidea, not related to T. sect. Borealia (Kirschner et al. 2015, 2017, Zeisek et al. 2019). In Tzvelev (1987a) and other Russian sources, it was included in T. sect. Borealia (as “ Ceratophora ”).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78F9954B2FBB5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78F8B54A69B47C.text	0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78F8B54A69B47C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum czaunense Yurtzev & Tzvelev	<div><p>Taraxacum czaunense Yurtzev &amp; Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 192)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA, Chukotka] Chukotskiy A. O ., vostochnoe poberezh’e Chaunskoy Guby, okr. p. Bal’kumey, yugo-zapadnyy beregovoy sklon [N. Chukotka, eastern coast of Chaun Bay, vicinity of Bal’kumey village, SW. coastal slope], 6 Jul 1980, T . Polozova &amp; B . Yurtzev (LE, no. det. 6127, holotype; isotype: LE!) .</p><p>A member of T. sect. Arctica (see also Kirschner et al. 2022b); reported as a member of T. sect. Borealia [“ Ceratophora ”] by Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 192).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78F8B54A69B47C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78FE7D4C67B8D5.text	0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78FE7D4C67B8D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum krasnoborovii Krasnikov 1997	<div><p>Taraxacum krasnoborovii Krasnikov (1997: 279)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA] Prov. Altai, distr. Kosch-Agacz, jugum Czichaczevi, ad fontes affluxionis sinistrae fl. Tekelju ..., 28 Jul 1981, A. Krasnikov &amp; N. Sidorenko (NS, n. v., currently missing) .</p><p>According to the rather laconic description, T. krasnoborovii is characterized by subtubulous florets, blackish, oblong-ovate outer phyllaries with distinct horns (“corniculis falcatis magnis”), presence of pollen, leaves runcinatepinnatipartite, long purplish petioles, and light greyish stramineous, spinulose achenes with a relatively short cone. In the absence of the original material, we conclude that it probably belongs to T. sect. Borealia.</p><p>Excluded names</p><p>There is a long list of the members of a widely understood section Ceratophora in Tzvelev (1992). The list includes, for instance, members of T. sect. Mongolica ( T. coreanum, T. mongolicum), several species of T. sect. Stenoloba ( T. multisectum, T. mongoliforme, T. stenolobum, see Kirschner &amp; Štěpánek, 2011b) or a number of members of T. sect. Arctica (see below); other, rather unclear species are also often found among “ Ceratophora ” ( T. heterolepis, T. woroschilovii etc.). We do not treat these records separately, and refer the reader to the new Checklist of Vascular Plants of Asiatic Russia (Chepinoga et al. 2024), with a revised sectional concept.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78FE7D4C67B8D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78FF794ADCBDC8.text	0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78FF794ADCBDC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum neglectum Nakai & Koidzumi	<div><p>Taraxacum neglectum Nakai &amp; Koidzumi in Koidzumi (1936a: 145)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA] “ Kamtschatka, Uiuinsky, 1928”, sine coll. (herb. Koidzumi 72741, holotype, not located in TNS) .</p><p>A rather inadequate description and the absence of the original material make it impossible to interpret this name; T. sect. Borealia is a probable sectional placement.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1FFF3AFF78FF794ADCBDC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FF4F497ABDAA.text	0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FF4F497ABDAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum gorodkovii Kharkevich & Tzvelev 1978	<div><p>Taraxacum gorodkovii Kharkevich &amp; Tzvelev (1978: 841)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka Region] Dal’nyy Vostok, bass. r. Penzhiny, verkh. techenie r. Pal’matkinoy, Pontsekeiskiy khrebet, bereg ruch’ya [the northernmost Kamchatka, Penzhina River basin, Pontsekei Range, bank of a brook], 18 Aug 1932, B. N. Gorodkov &amp; B. A. Tikhomirov (LE, no. det. 6090, holotype; istotype: LE, no. det. 6091) .</p><p>Almost all the features of the original material of T. gorodkovii point to T. sect. Arctica; the only aberrant character is the relatively densely shortly spinulose and tuberculate achene body, subabruptly narrowing in a subconical cone. We treat this species as a member of the latter section, relatively close to T. semitubulosum Yurtzev (see also Kirschner et al. 2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FF4F497ABDAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FDA74967BF4A.text	0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FDA74967BF4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum korjakense Kharkevich & Tzvelev 1978	<div><p>Taraxacum korjakense Kharkevich &amp; Tzvelev (1978: 837)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Koryak. nats. okr., Olyutorskiy raion, verkhov’e r. Apukvayam [Koryak National Okrug, Olyutorskiy District, the uppermost Apukvayam River], 12 Jul 1976, S. Kharkevich &amp; T. Buch (LE, no. det. 6086, holotype) .</p><p>A core species of T. sect. Arctica, with a number of distinctive features, such as purplish pink flowers, dark stigmas, imbricate outer phyllaries and ± spathulate, undivided, entire leaves with thin, long, purple petioles (see also Kirschner et al. 2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FDA74967BF4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FCC749EAB836.text	0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FCC749EAB836.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum korjakorum Kharkevich & Tzvelev 1978	<div><p>Taraxacum korjakorum Kharkevich &amp; Tzvelev (1978: 840)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Koryak. nats. okr., Olyutorskiy raion, yuzhnoe podnozh’e g. Ledyanoy (mezhdurech’e Levoy Yaelvayama i Achayvayama) [Koryak National Okrug, Olyutorskiy District, southern foot of Mt. Ledyanaya, between rivers Levyy Yaelvayam and Achayvayam], 12 Jul 1976, M. Gorshkov &amp; A. Kozhevnikov (LE, no. det. 6085, holotype) .</p><p>In spite of the absence of ripe achenes, T. korjakorum may be relatively certainly referred to T. sect. Arctica. The small, narrow involucre with very few, ovate outer phyllaries with a broad, membranous border are decisive (see also Kirschner et al. 2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FCC749EAB836	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FB0348BAB9F2.text	0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FB0348BAB9F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum petrovskyi Tzvelev	<div><p>Taraxacum petrovskyi Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 193)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA, Chukotka] Zapadnaya Chukotka, Anyuyskoe nagor’e, Ilirneiskiy kryazh, bassein r. Tytliutin, k s-z ot oz. Tytyl’, na s. sklone u skal, bliz vershiny grebnya [W. Chukotka, Anyuyskoe Highlands, Tytliutin R. basin, NW. of Lake Tytyl’, N. slope near rocks, below the summit of the ridge], 15 Aug 1980, V. V . Petrovskiy 80-83 (LE, no. det. 6039, holotype; isotype: LE!) .</p><p>A white-flowered member of T. sect. Arctica (see also Kirschner et al. 2022b), with very few, broadly ovate, dark grey, ± unbordered outer phyllaries; reported as a member of T. sect. Borealia [“ Ceratophora ”] by Tzvelev &amp; Yurtzev (1984: 193).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FB0348BAB9F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FA5F4D34BABE.text	0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FA5F4D34BABE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taraxacum tamarae Kharkevich & Tzvelev 1978	<div><p>Taraxacum tamarae Kharkevich &amp; Tzvelev (1978: 839)</p><p>Type:—[RUSSIA, Kamchatka] Koryak. nats. okr., Olyutorskiy raion, o-v Verkhoturova, na vykhodakh vulkanicheskikh porod [Koryak National Okrug, Verkhoturov Island, on outcrops of volcanic rocks], 28 Jul 1975, S. Kharkevich &amp; T. Buch (LE, no. det. 6058, holotype) .</p><p>The leaf shape, similar to that of T. taimyrense, and occasionally corniculate outer phyllaries was the main argument in favour of the idea of T. tamarae as a member of T. sect. Ceratophora in Kharkevich &amp; Tzvelev (1978). However, the achene and outer phyllary characters point unequivocally to T. sect. Arctica (see also Kirschner et al. 2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399F353FF1EFF3BFF78FA5F4D34BABE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kirschner, Jan;Štěpánek, Jan;Buryy, Vladimir V.	Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan, Buryy, Vladimir V. (2025): Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka. Phytotaxa 679 (1): 1-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.679.1.1
