identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03996D1C510E3508FF2E50ABFA46FDA2.text	03996D1C510E3508FF2E50ABFA46FDA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salmanihippus turcicus (Karabag 1959) Mol & Taylan & Kaya & Atalay & Şirin 2025	<div><p>Salmanihippus turcicus (Karabağ, 1959)</p><p>Song recording. Male specimens belong to three populations of species collected from (see material examined), (i) type locality (Turkey, Gümüşhane / Trabzon Zigana Mountains), (ii) Turkey, Giresun province, Eğribel pass, and iii) Bayburt, Soğanlı pass by A. Mol, D. Şirin &amp; M.S. Taylan. Calling songs recorded in the field or laboratory (by D. Sirin &amp; M.S. Taylan) .</p><p>Song description. A total of four recordings were obtained from two males in the type locality population, Zigana Mountains, Gümüşhane (ZP); eight recordings from two males in the Eğribel, Giresun population (EP); and four recordings from two males in the Soğanlı, Bayburt population (SP). The male calling song is composed of phrases with durations ranging from 10.8–12.8 seconds in ZP, 15.8– 19.6 s in EP, and 25.4– 28.8 s in SP. Each phrase consists of a series of syllables (repeated unit periods), numbering 46–54 in ZP, 61–66 in EP, and 72–84 in SP (Fig. 3). The phrases characteristically exhibit a crescendo structure, beginning with low amplitude and progressively increasing in intensity. Maximum amplitude is typically reached between syllables 29–34 in ZP, 41–44 in EP, and 32–38 in SP (Fig. 3). The syllable period ranges from 261–321 ms in ZP, 268–322 ms in EP, and 288–336 ms in SP. Oscillographic analyses reveal that each syllable comprises two acoustically distinct components. The first part, characterised by lower intensity, lasts approximately 124–148 ms in ZP, 112–135 ms in EP, and 137–164 ms in SP. This is followed by a second, higher-intensity component, lasting 141–189 ms in ZP, 142–195 ms in EP, and 150–168 ms in SP. The high-intensity portion typically contains 8–9 distinct pulses in ZP and EP, and 6–10 in SP.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03996D1C510E3508FF2E50ABFA46FDA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mol, Abbas;Taylan, Mehmet Sait;Kaya, Sarp;Atalay, Sertaç;Şirin, Deniz	Mol, Abbas, Taylan, Mehmet Sait, Kaya, Sarp, Atalay, Sertaç, Şirin, Deniz (2025): Anatolia’s Hidden Orthopteran Lineage: Discovery of Salmanihippus gen. nov. via Integrative Taxonomy. Zootaxa 5717 (1): 18-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.2
03996D1C510C350EFF2E553BFBACFB3E.text	03996D1C510C350EFF2E553BFBACFB3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gomphocerini Feiber 1853	<div><p>Tribe Gomphocerini Feiber, 1853</p><p>Morphological examination reveals key diagnostic characters that unequivocally place the new genus within the subfamily Gomphocerinae Fieber, 1853 . In the lateral aspect, the fastigium is consistently inclined towards the body, forming an acute angle with the vertex, and the fastigium narrows sharply into the vertex apex. The frontal fossae are typically quadrangular or rhomboidal in shape, occasionally reduced or absent. The interlobar notch between the metasternum lobes of the first abdominal segment is narrow and elongated, while in females of large-bodied specimens it is broadly square to semicircular. The hind wings are hyaline, sometimes slightly infuscate, and often pale or entirely transparent. The medial area of the tegmina exhibits the absence of the false vein or its presence as a curved lateral vein. The inner surface of the hind femur bears movable tubercles and spines (stridulatory teeth), which is a characteristic stridulatory apparatus of the subfamily. These morphological features collectively confirm the taxonomic placement of the new genus within Gomphocerinae .</p><p>The new genus belongs to Gomphocerini Fieber, 1853 because; Antennae with 23 segments that are club-like and widened apically; they surpass the hind margin of paranota by nearly 1/5 of their length in male, whereas in female they are less widened. Ratio of least width of vertex: length of the eyes in male 2.64–3.16, in female 2.0–3.0; foveolae distinct, curved, and narrowed apically. The side of the pronotum is angularly incurved, the discus is hump-backed, and the sulcus runs from the middle of the 6th to the end of the 7th tenth of the total length of the pronotum. Prozona often with a very small wart; tegmina brachypterous; the ratio of the alae length/tegmina length in normal position is nearly 2/5–2/4 as long. The opening of the tympanal organ in males is 1.8–2.75 times and in females 2.33–2.75 times as long as it is wide in the middle. In males, the 107th tergum triangularly shield-shaped; in females, the epiproct is oval. In males, cerci are weakly conical, 1.6–2.2 times as long as wide in males and 1.8–2.3 in females. The apical part of the male subgenital plate is conical, the hind margin of the female subgenital plate is triangularly rounded, and the subgenital plate is recessed posteriorly in the middle. Epiphallus with wide lateral lobes, apical valves of the penis shorter than cingular valves. Postfemora 3.52–4.20 times as long as high in males and 3.8–4.30 (4.55) in females. Post tibia yellowish to reddish, with 11 spines on the outside dorsally and 11 spines and 1 apical spine on the inside dorsally; arolium about ½ shorter than the claws (Harz, 1975).</p><p>The tribe Gomphocerini Fieber, 1853 includes following genera distributed in Eurasia, Noth Africa and America (Cigliano et.al. 2025): Aeropedellus Hebard, 1935, Bruneria McNeill, 1897, Chorthippus Fieber, 1852 (containing other two subgenera other than Chorthippus, namely: Altichorthippus Jago, 1971, Glyptobothrus Chopard, 1951), Dasyhippus Uvarov, 1930, Gomphoceridius Bolivar, 1914, Gomphocerippus Roberts, 1941, Gomphoceroides Zheng, Xi &amp; Lian, 1992, Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815, Mesasippus Tarbinsky, 1931, Myrmeleotettix Bolivar, 1914, Pezohippus Bey-Bienko, 1948, Phlibostroma Scudder, 1875, Pseudochorthippus Defaut, 2012, Schmitiacris Storozhenko, 2002, Stauroderus Bolivar, 1897, and Stenobothroides Xu&amp;Zheng, 1996 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03996D1C510C350EFF2E553BFBACFB3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mol, Abbas;Taylan, Mehmet Sait;Kaya, Sarp;Atalay, Sertaç;Şirin, Deniz	Mol, Abbas, Taylan, Mehmet Sait, Kaya, Sarp, Atalay, Sertaç, Şirin, Deniz (2025): Anatolia’s Hidden Orthopteran Lineage: Discovery of Salmanihippus gen. nov. via Integrative Taxonomy. Zootaxa 5717 (1): 18-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.2
03996D1C510A350CFF2E515EFDCBFF4A.text	03996D1C510A350CFF2E515EFDCBFF4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salmanihippus Mol, Taylan & Sirin 2025	<div><p>Salmanihippus Mol, Taylan &amp; Şirin, new genus</p><p>Type species.— Aeropedellus turcicus Karabağ, 1959</p><p>Diagnosis.— The new genus shows morphological similarity to the genera Gomphocerus, Gomphocerippus, and Aeropedellus . The new genus Salmanihippus differs from Gomphocerus by the absence of a distinctly elevated pronotum and by the straight shape of the fore femur, whereas in Gomphocerus the pronotum is markedly elevated and the fore femur is pear-shaped and differs from Gomphocerippus Roberts, 1941 in the position of the typical median sulcus, which intersects the median carina posterior to the middle, whereas in Gomphocerippus the typical sulcus crosses the pronotum at midlength (Bei-Bienko and Mistshenko 1951; Mol et al., 2023). The new genus shares several morphological similarities with Aeropedellus, including clavate (club-shaped) antennae, a flat (nonhumped) pronotum in males, a typical sulcus intersecting the pronotum posterior to the median region, the tegmina of females touching dorsally, and a subgenital plate in females exhibiting an apical to proximal indentation (with the exception of Aeropedellus ningxiaensis Zheng, A. prominemarginis Zheng, and A. helanshanensis Zheng) (Bei-Bienko and Mistshenko 1951; Yin and Xia, 2003). Nevertheless, the population from Trabzon Zigana Mountains differs from Aeropedellus species by the absence of a prosternal tubercle (which is present in Aeropedellus), the precostal area of the tegmina extending beyond the midline (whereas in Aeropedellus species it reaches at most the midline), and the lateral colouration of the tenth tergite in males matching the body colour (contrasting with the black colouration observed in Aeropedellus species).</p><p>Description.—Head short. Eyes located in the middle of the head. Vertex short. Antennae long, cylindrical, and clavate in both sexes, surpassing the posterior tip of the pronotum in males and reaching or not reaching it in females. Labium not reaching the middle of the prothorax in both sexes, beak-shaped and with a small external lobe. Pronotum with distinct lateral carina, it is close to median carinae in front of typical transversal sulcus. A typical transversal sulcus cuts the pronotum anteriorly in the median. The anterior part of the pronotum is expanded forwards.</p><p>Tegmina and alae well developed. Tegmina does not reach the tip of the posterior femur, does not reach the tip of the abdomen in the female, and touches/does not touch each other dorsally in the female. Alae are shorter than tegmina in both sexes. The precostal field of the tegmina surpasses the middle of the tegmina. The cubital-1 and cubital-2 fields of the tegmina are separate from each other; the anterior tibia is slightly swollen in both sexes. The hind tarsus of the first segment, except for the claws, is less than or equal to the sum of the other two segments. Prosternum without tubercle in anterior. Metasternum with separate lobes in both sexes. Tympanal opening in first abdominal segment, well developed, partly closed. The last abdominal tergite is of the same colour as in males. In the female, the subgenital plate is recessed posteriorly in the middle.</p><p>Habitus .— Specimens of the new genus were collected from subalpine meadow vegetation in Zigana Mountain (Gümüşhane province) , Soğanlı Pass (Bayburt province), and Eğribel Pass (Giresun province).</p><p>Etymology.— The new genus name refers to Prof. Dr. Selahattin SALMAN who made significant contributions to the Turkish Orthoptera fauna.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03996D1C510A350CFF2E515EFDCBFF4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mol, Abbas;Taylan, Mehmet Sait;Kaya, Sarp;Atalay, Sertaç;Şirin, Deniz	Mol, Abbas, Taylan, Mehmet Sait, Kaya, Sarp, Atalay, Sertaç, Şirin, Deniz (2025): Anatolia’s Hidden Orthopteran Lineage: Discovery of Salmanihippus gen. nov. via Integrative Taxonomy. Zootaxa 5717 (1): 18-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.2
03996D1C5109350DFF2E5377FD92F83A.text	03996D1C5109350DFF2E5377FD92F83A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salmanihippus turcicus (Karabag 1959) Mol & Taylan & Kaya & Atalay & Şirin 2025	<div><p>Salmanihippus turcicus (Karabağ, 1959) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 3,6A–H,7A–H)</p><p>Aeropedellus turcicus Karabağ, 1959: 58; Weidner, 1969: 206; Demirsoy, 1977: 229; Mol, 2012: 233; Mol &amp; Zeybekoğlu, 2013: 89.</p><p>Material examined.— Topotype: Gümüşhane, Zigana Dağı, 2151 m, N: 40.655610, E: 39.405727, 19.VIII.2023, 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (leg.: D. Şirin, A. Mol &amp; M.S. Taylan) . Other materials: Trabzon, Zigana Mountains, Gümüş Plateau, 14.VIII.2004, 2150 m, 5♂♂, 27♀♀ (Leg. A. Mol) ; Giresun, Eğribel Pass, 2300 m, 7.VIII.2004, 3♂♂, 8♀♀; 23.VII.2005 2♀♀ (Leg. A. Mol); 19.VIII.2023, 12♂♂, 8♀♀ (Leg. A. Mol, D. Sirin, M.S. Taylan) ; Bayburt, Soğanlı Mountain Pass, 2330 m, 18.VII.2024, 8♂♂, 10♀♀ (Leg. A. Mol, D. Sirin, M.S. Taylan) .</p><p>Redescription.—Head slightly narrower than pronotum in male (Fig. 6B), distinctly narrower than pronotum in female (Fig. 7B). Frontal carinae divergent downwards, as rounded edges distinct between antennae, with a distinct depression at the ocellum, expanded below the ocellum (Fig. 6A–B). The fastigium of the vertex is triangular in shape, with a slight depression in front of it and extended forward with a sharp tip, especially in males. Vertex of pronotum with distinct raised median carinula. Vertical faveolae are long, with their margins slightly curved. 2.60–3.50 times longer than wide in males, 2.5–3.0 in females. Antennae filiform with apical club (Figs. 6H – 7H), reaching and surpassing the tip of the pronotum in males, and not reaching the tip of the pronotum in females. Its longest medial segment is 1.30–2.58 times as long as wide in males and 1.30–1.96 times in females. Vertical diameter of the eye/minimum width of vertex: 1.32–1.58 in males, 1.0– 1.50 in females. Vertical diameter of eye/ subocular groove: 1.38–1.66 in males and 1.13–1.50 in females.</p><p>Pronotum slightly raised and narrowed in the middle and slightly constricted in the middle. The greatest width posterior part of the paranota is wider than the greatest width anterior part of it in males. The frontal margin is weakly convex, and the hind margin is obtusely angular. Media keel distinct and entire. The typical transversal sulcus (third sulcus) is straight or slightly curved, located behind the middle of the median keel, cut behind the middle of the median keel, and the length of the median keel before the transversal sulcus/after the sulcus is 1.38–1.93 in males (Fig. 6B) and 1.25–1.73 in females (Fig. 7B). The maximum/minimum width between lateral carinae is 1.91–2.76 in males and 1.80–2.33 (2.60) in females. The hind femur is long, its length 3.52–4.20 in males and 3.80–4.30 (4.55) in females. Mesosternal interspace wide, 1.13–1.70 times wider than male, 1.40–2.30 in female.</p><p>Tegmina reach the tip of the abdomen in males, reaching from the middle of the 3rd to the end of the 4th abdominal tergum in females.Alae reaching the beginning of the 5th abdominal tergum in the male and reaching the end of the 2nd abdominal tergum in the female. Tegmina overlapping dorsally in males, overlapping/not overlapping dorsally in females. The apical portion of the tegmen (from the end of the first radial to the apex) does not exist (no apical narrowness). Tegmen 2.60–3.20 times as long as wide in male (Fig. 6F), 2.16–2.80 (3.50) times in female. Tegmen suddenly narrowed apically in the female. Pc-field reaching beyond mid-length of the tegmen, without a false vein. The length of the Pc-field/the length of the tegmen is 0.55–0.83 in males. Sc-field widened apically. C-field slightly sinuated S-shaped, C-field reaching tip of the tegmen, the greatest width of C-field/the greatest width of Sc-field 2–4 in male, 5–10 in female (Fig. 7F). Sc-vein clearly sinuate, maximum width of the subcostal field slightly narrower than the medial field. M-field reaching 7.0/10–7.5/10 proximally. The greatest width of Mfield/the greatest width of the Cubital-1 field 1.9–3.0 in male, 1.42–2.40 (3.0) in female. The greatest width of the M-field/the greatest width of Sc-field is 1.0– 2.2 in males. Cubital-1 field distinct; Cubital-1 and Cubital-2 fields separated from one another. Stigma indistinct.</p><p>Abdomen, dense and long setae, especially ventrally. Tympanal opening semicircle-shaped, its medial height nearly 1.80–2.75 times its medial width in males and 2.33–2.75 in females. Cerci are 1.6–2.2 times as long as wide in males and 1.8–2.3 in females; cerci do not reach the apex of the anal tergum or nearly reach it in males (Fig. 6D) and do not reach the apex of the anal tergum in females (Fig. 7D). Epiphallus with wide lateral lobes, apical valves of the penis shorter than cingular valves. Subgenital plate slightly recessed to the base in the female.</p><p>Colouration.— Body yellow, colouration varying from greenish to dark brown (Figs. 6A–H, 7A–H). Head anteriorly light yellow; frontal carinae dark brown. Pronotum light brownish-green laterally, dark brownish to blackish dorsally. Tegmina yellow-brown. Hind femur reddish-brown dorsally, yellowish ventrally; hind tibia yellowish-reddish. The abdomen is dark brown laterally and yellowish ventrally. Subgenital plate similar in colour to body; epiproct yellowish to dark brown.</p><p>Lengths (mm).— body: male 13.2–17.0 (15.41), female 17.0–22.0 (19.86); head: male 2.0–2.7 (2.31), female 2.5–3.0 (2.81); pronotum: male 3.0–4.1 (3.62), female 4.0–4.8 (4.2); tegmina: male 7.2–10.0 (8.9), female 6.2–7.0 (6.66); hind femur: male 8.8–11.0 (9.65), female 11.0–11.9 (11.27). (min–max (mean)).</p><p>Distribution.—This species is endemic to the Eastern BlackSea Region of Anatolia (Gümüşhane, Giresun and Bayburt provinces) (Karabağ, 1959; Weidner, 1969; Demirsoy, 1977; Mol, 2012; Mol and Zeybekoğlu, 2013).</p><p>IUCN status.— This species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List (2025-1). In order to determine the IUCN category of species, an assessment was carried out for Salmanihippus turcicus (Karabağ, 1959) based on its geographical distribution, particularly through calculations of the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) (https://www.iucnredlist.org/). Within this scope, the evaluation has considered the following criteria: (i) the determination of the species’ extent of occurrence in square kilometres; (ii) whether the population is restricted to a single location or is severely fragmented (as inferred from the degree of gene flow); and (iii) observed, inferred, or projected continuing decline or extreme fluctuations in data such as the extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, habitat area, distribution, and/or quality, the number of locations or subpopulations, and the number of mature individuals. Based on these parameters, an IUCN assessment was conducted for Salmanihippus turcicus (Karabağ, 1959), resulting in its categorisation as Endangered (EN) at the Regional level [B2–a+b(ii+iii)] and also as Endangered (EN) at the Global level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03996D1C5109350DFF2E5377FD92F83A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mol, Abbas;Taylan, Mehmet Sait;Kaya, Sarp;Atalay, Sertaç;Şirin, Deniz	Mol, Abbas, Taylan, Mehmet Sait, Kaya, Sarp, Atalay, Sertaç, Şirin, Deniz (2025): Anatolia’s Hidden Orthopteran Lineage: Discovery of Salmanihippus gen. nov. via Integrative Taxonomy. Zootaxa 5717 (1): 18-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.2
