taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03A0BD6731239D6854D5FF297EF9A2E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707391	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731239D6854D5FF297EF9A2E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731239D6854D5FF297EF9A2E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731239D6854D5FF297EF9A2E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731239D6854D5FF297EF9A2E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731239D6854D5FF297EF9A2E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731239D6854D5FF297EF9A2E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707385/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707385	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731239D6854D5FF297EF9A2E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707423/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707423	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731229D6B54D5FD697BAFA7F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707391	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731229D6B54D5FD697BAFA7F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731229D6B54D5FD697BAFA7F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731229D6B54D5FD697BAFA7F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731229D6B54D5FD697BAFA7F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731229D6B54D5FD697BAFA7F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731229D6B54D5FD697BAFA7F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707385/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707385	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731229D6B54D5FD697BAFA7F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707423/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707423	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D6A54D5FF297F52A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707391	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D6A54D5FF297F52A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D6A54D5FF297F52A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D6A54D5FF297F52A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D6A54D5FF297F52A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D6A54D5FF297F52A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D6A54D5FF297F52A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707385/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707385	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D7454D5F8117E60A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707391	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D7454D5F8117E60A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D7454D5F8117E60A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D7454D5F8117E60A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D7454D5F8117E60A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D7454D5F8117E60A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D7454D5F8117E60A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707417/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707417	FIGURE 8. Epitype of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent [Photo: RB herbarium].	FIGURE 8. Epitype of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent [Photo: RB herbarium].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731209D7454D5F8117E60A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707423/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707423	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313E9D7754D5FD0D7AF6A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707391	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313E9D7754D5FD0D7AF6A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313E9D7754D5FD0D7AF6A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313E9D7754D5FD0D7AF6A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313E9D7754D5FD0D7AF6A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313E9D7754D5FD0D7AF6A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313E9D7754D5FD0D7AF6A2DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707423/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707423	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313D9D7754D5FD0D7F1FA7B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707391	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313D9D7754D5FD0D7F1FA7B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313D9D7754D5FD0D7F1FA7B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313D9D7754D5FD0D7F1FA7B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313D9D7754D5FD0D7F1FA7B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313C9D7E54D5FF2978CEA3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707385/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707385	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313C9D7E54D5FF2978CEA3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313C9D7E54D5FF2978CEA3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313C9D7E54D5FF2978CEA3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313C9D7E54D5FF2978CEA3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313C9D7E54D5FF2978CEA3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313C9D7E54D5FF2978CEA3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707417/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707417	FIGURE 8. Epitype of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent [Photo: RB herbarium].	FIGURE 8. Epitype of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent [Photo: RB herbarium].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67313C9D7E54D5FF2978CEA3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707423/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707423	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731349D7954D5FC017AF8A6B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731349D7954D5FC017AF8A6B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731349D7954D5FC017AF8A6B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731349D7954D5FC017AF8A6B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731349D7954D5FC017AF8A6B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731349D7954D5FC017AF8A6B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707385/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707385	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731349D7954D5FC017AF8A6B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707391	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731339D7B54D5F8A17AF2A5D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731339D7B54D5F8A17AF2A5D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731339D7B54D5F8A17AF2A5D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731339D7B54D5F8A17AF2A5D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731339D7B54D5F8A17AF2A5D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731339D7B54D5F8A17AF2A5D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707391	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731319D7A54D5FA197BE6A75C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731319D7A54D5FA197BE6A75C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731319D7A54D5FA197BE6A75C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731319D7A54D5FA197BE6A75C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731319D7A54D5FA197BE6A75C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731319D7A54D5FA197BE6A75C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707423/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707423	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731309D4454D5F88D7BC0A150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731309D4454D5F88D7BC0A150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731309D4454D5F88D7BC0A150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731309D4454D5F88D7BC0A150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731309D4454D5F88D7BC0A150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731309D4454D5F88D7BC0A150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707423/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707423	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD6731309D4454D5F88D7BC0A150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707417/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707417	FIGURE 8. Epitype of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent [Photo: RB herbarium].	FIGURE 8. Epitype of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent [Photo: RB herbarium].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310E9D4754D5FE9078D3A87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310E9D4754D5FE9078D3A87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310E9D4754D5FE9078D3A87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310E9D4754D5FE9078D3A87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310E9D4754D5FE9078D3A87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310E9D4754D5FE9078D3A87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707427/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707427	FIGURE 10. Holotype and epitypes of Celtis tarijensis (≡Momisia tarijensis).—A. Holotype of Momisia tarijensis, herbarium P; B. Epitype of C. tarijensis, herbarium SI; C. Isoepitype of C. tarijensis, herbarium LPB; D. Isoepitype of C. tarijensis, herbarium MO.	FIGURE 10. Holotype and epitypes of Celtis tarijensis (≡Momisia tarijensis).—A. Holotype of Momisia tarijensis, herbarium P; B. Epitype of C. tarijensis, herbarium SI; C. Isoepitype of C. tarijensis, herbarium LPB; D. Isoepitype of C. tarijensis, herbarium MO.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310E9D4754D5FE9078D3A87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707423/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707423	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	FIGURE 9. Main characteristics of Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent.Photographs taken in Curaçao.—A. Habit, scale bar 2 m; B. Branch and thorns, scale bar 1 cm; C. Immature leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D. Mature leaves with teeth restricted to the upper third, scale bar 4 cm; E. Mature leaf, margin entire, scale bar 2 cm; F. Imature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. Mature paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. Pistillate flowers, scale bar 4 mm; I. Staminate flowers, scale bar 1 mm; J. Yellow drupe in the ripening process, scale bar 4 mm; K. Fully ripe orange drupe, scale bar 6 mm; L. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm. [Photos: A–K, E.A.T. Houtepen; L, H.B. Zamengo]	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310C9D4054D5F9477BCDA13C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707395/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707395	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 3. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis iguanaea, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, A3. Domatia; B. C. orthacanthos, scale bar 4 cm, B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, B2.Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, B3. Domatia; C. C. pubescens, scale bar 4 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, C2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, C3. Domatia; D. C. spinosa, scale bar 2.5 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, D2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, D3. Domatia; E. C. spinosissima, scale bar 6 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, E2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, E3. Domatia; F. C. tarijensis, scale bar 4 cm, F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, F2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, F3. Domatia; G. C. triflora, scale bar 6 cm, G1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument, G2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument, G3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310C9D4054D5F9477BCDA13C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707399/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707399	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	FIGURE 4. Type of cymes.—A. Celtis alnifolia, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; B. C. brasiliensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; C. C. dichotoma, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm; D. C. diffusa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; E. C. gardneri, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; F. C. iguanaea, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 1 mm; G. C. orthacanthos, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 2 mm; H. C. pubescens, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 2 mm; I. C. spinosa, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; J. C. spinosissima, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; K. C. tarijensis, glomerulate cyme, scale bar 1 mm; L. C. triflora, paniculiform cyme, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: A, B, C, D, E, G, J, K, H.B. Zamengo; F, E.A.T. Houtepen; H, R. Fernandez-Hilario; I, A. Gonzáles; L. H. Medeiros].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310C9D4054D5F9477BCDA13C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707403/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707403	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 5. Staminate and pistillate flowers.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, B. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, D. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Staminate flower, scale bar 0.5 mm, F. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, H. Pistillate flower, scale bar 6 mm; I–J. C. gardneri, I. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, J. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, L. Pistillate flower, scale bar 2.5 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, N. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, P. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; Q–R. C. pubescens, Q. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, R. Pistillate flower, scale bar 1 mm; S–T. C. spinosa, S. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, T. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm; U–V. C. spinosissima, U. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, V. Pistillate flower, scale bar 4 mm; W–X. C. tarijensis, W. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, X. Pistillate flower, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. triflora, Y. Staminate flower, scale bar 1 mm, Z. Pistillate flower, scale bar 3 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310C9D4054D5F9477BCDA13C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707409/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707409	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 6. Mature drupes and pyrenes.—A–B. Celtis alnifolia, A. Mature drupe, scale bar 9 mm, B. Pyrene, scale bar 2.75 mm; C–D. C. brasiliensis, C. Mature drupe, scale bar 10.5 mm, D. Pyrene, scale bar 3.5 mm; E–F. C. dichotoma, E. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 6 mm, F. Pyrene (type), scale bar 3.75; G–H. C. diffusa, G. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, H. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; I–J2. C. gardneri, I. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.75 mm, J1. Pyrene (type), scale bar 2.5 mm, J2. Pyrenes, scale bar 2.5 mm; K–L. C. hilariana, K. Mature drupe, scale bar 3.25 mm, L. Pyrene, scale bar 2 mm; M–N. C. iguanaea, M. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, N. Pyrene, scale bar 4 mm; O–P. C. orthacanthos, O. Mature drupe, scale bar 6.5 mm, P. Pyrene, scale bar 4.5 mm; Q–T. C. pubescens, Q. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, R. Mature drupe (type), scale bar 3 mm, S. Indumentum lemon, scale bar 1 µm, T. Pyrene, scale bar 3.25 mm; U–V. C. spinosa, U. Mature drupe, scale bar 5 mm, V. Pyrene, scale bar 3 mm; W–X. C. spinosissima, W. Mature drupe, scale bar 7 mm, X. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; Y–Z. C. tarijensis, Y. Mature drupe, scale bar 6 mm, Z. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm; A1–A2. C. triflora, A1. Mature drupe, scale bar 8.5 mm, A2. Pyrene, scale bar 5 mm. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310C9D4054D5F9477BCDA13C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707385/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707385	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Rhamnus iguanaea Jacquin. Illustration made by Maria Moninckx (1686-1690) according to Wijnands 1983.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310C9D4054D5F9477BCDA13C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707391/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707391	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	FIGURE 2. Leaves, indumentum and domatia.—A. Celtis alnifolia, scale bar 6 cm, A1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; A2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; A3. Domatia. B. C. brasiliensis, scale bar 3.5 cm; B1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; B2. Abaxial surface, with detail of indument; B3. Domatia. C. C. dichotoma, scale bar 4.5 cm, C1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; C2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; C3. Domatia. D. C. diffusa, scale bar 6 cm, D1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; D2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; D3. Domatia. E. C. gardneri, scale bar 3 cm, E1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; E2. Abaxial surface with detail of indument; E3. Domatia. F. C. hilariana, scale bar 2 cm F1. Adaxial surface, with detail of indument; F2.Abaxial surface with detail of indument; F3. Domatia. [Photos: H.B. Zamengo].	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
03A0BD67310C9D4054D5F9477BCDA13C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16707413/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16707413	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Celtis alnifolia, C. brasiliensis, C. dichotoma, C. diffusa, C. gardneri, C. hilariana, C. iguanaea, C. orthacanthos, C. pubescens, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima, C. tarijensis and C. triflora.	2025-02-20	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.		Zenodo	biologists	Zamengo, Henrique Borges;Chamorro, Débora C.;Houtepen, Erika. T.;Gaglioti, André Luiz;Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso;Prado, Darién E.;Oakley, Luis J.			
