identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A0CB73FFDAFF92FCEBF94EFD89FBF7.text	03A0CB73FFDAFF92FCEBF94EFD89FBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane	<div><p>Tovomita Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 956. 1775. – Type:</p><p>Tovomita guianensis Aubl.</p><p>= Marialva Vand., Fl. Lusit. Bras. Spec.: 37. 1788. – Type: not designated.</p><p>= Beauharnoisia Ruiz &amp; Pav. in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 11: 71. 1808. – Type: Beauharnoisia fructipendula Ruiz &amp; Pav. (≡ Tovomita fructipendula (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Cambess.).</p><p>= Micranthera Choisy, Mém. Nouv. Gen. Guttif.: 15. 1823. – Type: Micranthera clusioides Choisy, nom.</p><p>= illeg. superfl. (≡ Clusia longifolia Rich. ≡ Tovomita longifolia (Rich.) Hochr.).</p><p>Tovomitidium Ducke in Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 61. 1935. – Type: not designated.</p><p>Orthographical variants of Marialva Vand.</p><p>“ Marialvea ” Spreng., Anleit. Kenntn. Gew., ed. 2, 2: 783. 1818.</p><p>“ Marialvaea ” Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 82. 1827.</p><p>Description — Trees or shrubs with or without conspicuous prop roots; axillary shoots with a long proximal internodes and short distal internodes; exudate yellowish-white to orangish in branches and leaves. Leaves simple, opposite, petiolate, subsessile or sessile; petioles green, sometimes reddish, smooth or transversely striate, excavated or not, base with or not a conspicuous hood-shaped structures; leaf blades membranaceous, chartaceous or coriaceous, elliptic, oblanceolate, ovate to obovate, light or dark green in vivo, greenish, greyish, copper-coloured, brown-orangish, dark brown or purplish-red in sicco; base symmetric, rarely asymmetric, margin entire; papillae, lenticels, fungal spots, and black dots present or not; venation simple brochidodromous, midvein prominent abaxially, usually immersed adaxially; secondary veins arcuate, slightly arcuate or straight, prominent abaxially, usually immersed adaxially; major secondary spacing regular or irregular; intersecondary veins present or not, parallel to major secondaries, two or more per intercostal area, or inconspicuous; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous, perpendicular or inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present or not. Inflorescences a dichasial cyme, terminal, with 3–7-basal branches, rarely single flower, terminal flower of inflorescence present or not, lenticels or papillae present or not, bracts and bracteoles early caducous, sometimes connate in a calyptra, dichasia sometimes lacking central flower. Pedicel articulated or not on central flower of dichasia, articulated on lateral flowers, rarely not, bracteoles present or not, sometimes connate in a calyptra on lateral flowers; bracteoles absent or 2. Floral buds oblong, ovoid or spheroid, apex rounded, acute, apiculate, retuse, rostrate or mucronulate, rarely prolonged; lenticels or papillae present or not. Flowers with 2–4 sepals, base truncate, margin entire, apex similar to floral bud, fleshy, outer pair enclosing bud; petals (2–)4–8, base truncate, margin entire, apex rounded to acute, membranaceous. Staminate flowers with 9–145 stamens, iso or heterodynamous, filaments filiform-terete, terete, subclavate or dorsiventrally compressed, pistillode present, usually inconspicuous, stigmatic region papillate. Pollen grains monads of medium size, tricolporate, circular to subtriangular in polar view, subprolate to prolate in equatorial view; exine psilate to microreticulate, rarely reticulate. Pistillate flowers with staminodes similar to stamens, but with vestigial anthers; ovary 4–6(–7)-locular, ovate, costate or not, 1 ovule per locule, styles 4–6(–7), free or partially to entirely connate, persistent or not; stigmas 4–6(–7), capitate, sessile or not, free from each other, persistent. Fruits capsules, fleshy, fusiform, napiform, obovate, ovoid, pyriform, spheroid or turbinate, styles fused forming a rostrum, free or absent, with 4–6(–7) valves; epicarp smooth, asperous or rugose, rarely verruculose or with woody ornamentation or lenticels, costate or not, lobed or not; mesocarp orange, red, purplish-red, rarely white or greenish becoming reddish; sepals, petals and staminodes persistent or caducous, stigmas always persistent; styles free or fused in a rostrum. Seeds 1 per locule, spheroid to reniform, arillate, aril orange or reddish, rarely yellow, vascularized.</p><p>General vernacular names — All of the following names came from labels of different species. They are: mangue, mangue-rana, pachiuba-rana/paxiuba-rana or sapateiro (Brazil); arrayan guayabo, bociai, cajao-manio/ kajaomanio, guainue, gusrco-moho, maiwiriwiripanare or wajua-ita (Colombia); mangle dulce (Costa Rica); kwatri or palikur (French Guiana); awasokuli/awasokulé or manyemo (Guyana); chulla chaki/chullachaqui caspi (Peru); kleinbladige bormangro (Suriname); palo-detinaja or wakamiyek (Venezuela).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFDAFF92FCEBF94EFD89FBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFDDFF88FCCEF92EFA9CFA57.text	03A0CB73FFDDFF88FCCEF92EFA9CFA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita acutiflora M. S. Barros & G. Mariz	<div><p>1. Tovomita acutiflora M. S. Barros &amp; G. Mariz in Acta Amazon. 12: 291. 1982. – Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, margem do Igarapé da Cachoeira Alta do Tarumã, Jun 1955, J. Chagas s.n. (IAN [IAN092095]!; isotype: INPA [no. 1136]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 30 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 0.9–2.2 cm long, smooth, green, lenticels usually present. Leaf blades 9.2– 18.2(–25.5) × 3.6–5.2(–9.7) cm, copper-coloured in sicco, black dots absent, chartaceous, broadly elliptic to oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex convex to acuminate; papillae and lenticels absent, fungal spots usually present in both surfaces; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 20–30 pairs, 3–6.5 mm apart from each other, forming angle 50°–60° to midvein, prominent abaxially, rarely prominent adaxially, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one per intercostal area, similar to secondary ones, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 60 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ a dichasium, lenticels usually present. Pedicels 9–24 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, bracts free from each other, lenticels usually present. Floral buds 5.5–9(–13) mm long, oblong, apex acute to rounded, lenticels usually present, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 2, 5.5–9 × 5–6.5 mm, oblong, apex rounded, greenish; petals 4, 12–13 × 3–6.5 mm, oblong, deflexed, apex acute to rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 50–70, 4.7–5.5 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.3–0.6 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 1.5 mm long, with 5 white rudimentary stigmas. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 50–70, 4.5–6.5 mm long, white; ovary c. 3 mm long, slightly costate, 5-locular, white, styles free, 4–5 mm long, stigmas 5, c. 1 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 1.8–2.7 × 1–2.5 cm, 5-septate, napiform to spheroid when closed, slightly angular, rostrum absent, free styles 5.5–6.5 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels sometimes present, green when immature, green-yellowish when mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril red to orangish. Fig. 15.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Barros &amp; Mariz (1982: 292).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia), Colombia (Meta), and Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar). Fig. 16.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — The type collection of Tovomita acutiflora shows lenticels on young branches, leaves, inflorescence, and floral buds, which is common in the species. Staminate specimens typically bear narrowly ovoid floral buds with acute apex (Fig. 15D), while the pistillate floral buds are slightly wider with a rounded apex (Fig. 15E). Tovomita acutiflora can be distinguished from T. tenuiflora by the number of secondary veins (20– 30 pairs vs c. 35 pairs in T. tenuiflora), and terete stamens (vs filiform-terete in T. tenuiflora). Tovomita acutiflora was named as “ Tovomita sp. E ” in the Flora of Venezuelan Guyana (Cuello 1998).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAPÁ: Oiapoque, BR156 , road between Calçoene and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.5/lat 3.0)">Oiapoque</a>, 03°00'N, 51°30'W, 6 Dec 1984, fr., B. V . Rabelo &amp; R . Cardoso 2901 (MG!); AMAZONAS: Manaus, Reserva Floresta Adolpho Ducke, estrada principal em direção aos alojamentos, 15 Feb 2017, fl. ♀, L. C . Marinho &amp; al. 1344 (HUEFS!); PARÁ: Melgaço, FLONA de Caxiuanã, área da estação científica Ferreira Penna, 23 Jul 2007, fl. ♂, M. M . Félix-da-Silva &amp; al. 342 (MG!); RONDÔNIA: Porto Velho, margem direito do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.84695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.388888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.84695/lat -9.388888)">Rio Madeira</a>, 09°23'20"S, 64°50'49"W, 24 Jun 2010, fr., G . Pereira-Silva &amp; al. 15479 (NY!, RON photo!) . — COLOMBIA: META: Sabanas de San Juan de Arama, c. 500 m, 5–20 Dec 1950, fr., J. M . Idrobo &amp; R. E . Schultes 710 (GH!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: a lo largo del camino entre Yavita y Pimichín, 02°55'N, 67°25– 30' W , 21 Apr 1970, fr., J. A . Steyermark &amp; G . Bunting 102899 (NY!); BOLÍVAR: Gran Sabana, selva de galeria a lo largo de las cabeceras del Río Pacairao, 1100 m, 21 Feb 1978, fr., J. A . Steyermark &amp; al. 115563 (NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFDDFF88FCCEF92EFA9CFA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFC2FF8DFC94F9EEFD23FAB7.text	03A0CB73FFC2FF8DFC94F9EEFD23FAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita albiflora A. C. Sm.	<div><p>2. Tovomita albiflora A. C. Sm. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 293. 1940. – Lectotype (designated here): Venezuela, [Bolívar], district Mount Roraima, vicinity of Arabupu, 4200 m, 19 Jan 1939, A. S. Pinkus 269 (NY [NY00579007]!; isolectotypes: F [F0054531 F] photo!, G [G00355922] photo!, GH [GH00067908]!, NY [NY00076043]!, NY [NY00579006]!, S [S03-2036] photo!, US [US 00114287] photo!, US [US 00719427] photo!).</p><p>Description — Shrubs or trees up to 9 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 1–3 cm long, smooth, coloration not seen, lenticels present; exudate canals inconspicuous. Leaf blades (6–)13–20 × 3–7 cm, dark brown in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, elliptic to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex convex to straight; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent. Venation: secondary veins 10–13 pairs, 7–11 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–70° to midvein, strongly prominent in both surfaces, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating, &lt;50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 60 flowers, lacking terminal flower, dichasia reduced lacking central flower, ♀ 6-flowered cyme, lenticels present. Pedicels 4–7 mm long, coloration not seen, proximally articulated and enveloped by calyptra, lenticels present; calyptrae 4–5 mm long, lenticels absent. Floral buds 4–5 mm long, ovoid, apex round- ed, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 2, 4–7.5 × 4–7 mm, circular to ovate, apex rounded, greenish; petals 4, 4–7 × 2–3 mm, oblong to lanceolate, patent, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 40–45, c. 2 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.5–0.6 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 40–45, 3–3.5 mm long, white; ovary 4.5–5 mm long, not costate, 4-locular, white, styles fused, stigmas 4, c. 1.2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.2–4 × 1.4–1.8 cm, 4-septate, fusiform to turbinate when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 6–8 mm long, epicarp asperous, lenticels present, green when immature and mature, mesocarp coloration not seen; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Tovomita albiflora is endemic to the central portion of Guiana Shield, occurring in Guyana (Cuyúni-Mazaruni, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo), and Venezuela (Bolívar). The records were made in sandstone or granite outcrops in montane forests. Fig. 16.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — Smith was curator at New York Botanical herbarium (NY) from 1928 to 1940, the year of publication of Tovomita albiflora, which supports that the author examined this specimen. The specimen NY00579007 was chosen as the lectotype because it is the only one of three NY specimens of Pinkus 269 with open flowers and mature fruits .</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita albiflora is known from a few specimens, possibly due to the difficulty of accessing the populations in high-elevation forests of the Guyana Shield. Vegetatively, the species can be recognized by the coriaceous leaves with prominent secondary veins on both surfaces. Still, it is the only species of the genus whose inflorescences, flowers and fruits bear lenticels and the lateral flowers of the dichasia have their bracteoles connate in a calyptra. Similar lenticels occur in T. acutiflora, but this species does not present calyptrate bracteoles.</p><p>Specimens examined — GUYANA: CUYÚNI-MAZARUNI: slopes of Mt Roraima near Arabupu, 4600 ft, 16 Dec 1938, fr., anonymous 2826 (K! 2 sheets); along Koatse river, ± 2 km W of Pong river; ± 5 hr. walk S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.066666/lat 5.4666667)">Chinoweing</a>, 05°28'N, 60°04'W, 600–650 m, montane rainforest on sandstone, 25 Feb 1987, fl. ♂, J . J . Pipoly &amp; al. 10624 (B!, CAS!, MG!, P!) . POTARO-SIPARUNI: Eagle Mt, 2000 ft, 21 Jan 1943, fl. ♂, D. B . Fanshawe 3850 (K! 2 sheets) . UPPER TAKUTU-UPPER ESSEQUIBO: Makarapan Mt, upper slopes, below southern false summit, 03°57'N, 58°51'W, 760 m, dense forest on brown sand and granite outcrops, 2 Oct 1997, immature fr., D. Clarke &amp; al. 6980 (NY!) . — VENEZUELA: BOLÍVAR: Chimantá massif, 17 Apr 1953, fl. ♂, J . A . Steyermark 75093 (NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFC2FF8DFC94F9EEFD23FAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFC7FF8FFF43FACEFEB4FE17.text	03A0CB73FFC7FF8FFF43FACEFEB4FE17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita amazonica (Poepp.) Walp.	<div><p>3. Tovomita amazonica (Poepp.) Walp. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 392, t. 212. 1842. ≡ Marialva amazonica Poepp. in Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 13. 1840. – Lectotype (designat- ed here): Brazil, “Flor. Amazon. Fruticula. Ega, crescit in fruticetis circum oppidum Egam, Brasiliae borealis”, [Oct 1831], E. Poeppig D 2697 (W [no. W-0051863]!; isolectotypes: G [G00355560] photo!, G [G00355562] photo!, G [G00414642] photo!).</p><p>= Tovomita trachycarpa L. Marinho in Pl. Syst. Evol. 302: 1125. 2016, syn. nov. – Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, Coari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.585556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.8591666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.585556/lat -3.8591666)">Lauro Sodré</a> do Paraná do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.585556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.8591666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.585556/lat -3.8591666)">Nazária</a>, 03°51'33"S, 62°35'08"W, 40–45 m, 16 Jul 2008, R. H. Leal A07 LS33 (INPA [no. 228513]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 9 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1–1.5 cm long, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 6–10 × 2.5– 5 cm, adaxially brown in sicco, abaxially olive in sicco, black dots absent, membranaceous to chartaceous, elliptic to oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex straight to strongly acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals immersed, inconspicuous adaxially, as blackish lines on abaxial surface in sicco, crossing secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 13–18 pairs, 2–6 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–70° to midvein, slightly prominent abaxially, immersed abaxially, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one, rarely two, per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent mixed; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 12 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 5–8 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3.5–7 mm long, ovoid, apex rounded, rarely apiculate, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 2, 5–6 × 3–5.5 mm, ovate, apex rounded, rarely apiculate, coloration not seen; petals 4, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, oblong to linear, inner ones strongly patent, apex acute to rounded, coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens 24–28, 2.8–4.7 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, coloration not seen; anthers 0.5–0.7 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 1.5 mm high, conic, coloration not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 20–25, 2.5–5 mm long, coloration not seen; ovary 4.5–5 mm long, 8-costate, 4-locular, coloration not seen, styles fused, coloration not seen, stigmas 4, c. 1.3 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 1.5–1.8 × 1.8–2 cm, 4-septate, napiform to spheroid when closed, slightly 4-lobed, rostrum present c. 1 mm long, epicarp rugose, green when immature, light brown with green marks when mature, nut-brown with dark brown marks in sicco, mesocarp white; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous; stigmas persistent. Aril yellow. Fig. 17.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho &amp; al. (2016c: 1126).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Meta), Guyana (Upper Takutu-Upper Esequibo), and Suriname (Paramaribo). Fig. 18.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — The Poeppig collection is deposited at W herbarium, which supports that the author examined the W specimen (W-0051863) to describe Tovomita amazonica . Moreover, the lectotype designated here bears several leaves and floral buds. The absence of fruits in the type of T. amazonica led Marinho &amp; al. (2016c) to describe T. trachycarpa due to the unusual fruits with rugose epicarp and white mesocarp. After a careful analysis of the W specimen, especially the stamen number and shape, we concluded that these two names should apply to the same species, so T. trachycarpa is listed as a heterotypic synonym under T. amazonica .</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita amazonica can be recognized by the ovoid floral buds and the few (20–28) stamens/staminodes. This species was for a long time misidentified with other species of Tovomita with small leaves (see Table 1), from which it can be distinguished especially by fruit characters. The fruits of T. amazonica have unique characters, such as the rugose epicarp (Fig. 19B), white mesocarp and yellow aril (Fig. 19D). When dry, these fruits are similar to those from T. fructipendula (Fig. 19C, D) and T. longirostrata (Fig. 19E, F), which have an asperous epicarp and orangish or red aril (Fig. 19A, B).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Anori, RDS Piagaçu-Purus, 26 Jun 2009, fl. ♀ fr., B . G . Luiza 37 (INPA!); MATO GROSSO: Paranaíta, UHE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.79333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.288611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.79333/lat -9.288611)">São Manuel</a>, 09°17'19"S, 56°47'36"W, 13 Oct 2008, fl. ♂, C . R . A. Soares &amp; al. 1716 (HERBAM photo!); PARÁ: Oriximiná, Rio Trombetas, 4 Jul 1980, fl. ♂, C . A. Cid &amp; al. 1289 (CEPEC!, INPA!, NY!); RORAIMA: Rorainópolis, Comunidade Xixuaú, Lago Atucurá, 9 Sep 2013, bud fl. ♂, C . Assahira &amp; al. 19 (CEPEC!, INPA!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: aproximadamente 50 m em dirección 110° de la margen izquierda del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.56972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0413889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.56972/lat -1.0413889)">Río</a> Caquetá, 01°02'29"S, 71°34'11"W, 4 Oct 1997, sterile, M Sánchez &amp; al. 6427 (COAH!). CAQUETÁ: Belén de Los Andaquíes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.90222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.6691668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.90222/lat 1.6691668)">Parque Natural Municipal Andaquí</a>, 01°40'09"N, 75°54'08"W, 28 Jan 2017, bud, N . Castaño-A. &amp; al. 8986 (COAH!). META: Mesetas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.14389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.456389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.14389/lat 3.456389)">Vereda Villa Lucia</a>, 03°27'23"N, 74°08'38"W, 7 Oct 2002, bud, D. Cárdenas L . &amp; al. 13609 (COAH!). — GUYANA: UPPER TAKUTU-UPPER ESEQUIBO: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.933334/lat 1.3666667)">Acaraí Mts</a>, ridge ascending to summit of unnamed peak, 01°22'N, 58°56'W, 26 Aug 1998, bud, D. Clarke &amp; al. 7136 (NY!) . — SURINAME: PARAMARIBO: Lely Mountains, 175 km SEE of Paramaribo, 18 Oct 1976, bud, S . Mori &amp; A. Bolten 8525 (NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFC7FF8FFF43FACEFEB4FE17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFC5FF8FFF43FE2EFAB3FA17.text	03A0CB73FFC5FF8FFF43FE2EFAB3FA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita atropurpurea Steyerm.	<div><p>4. Tovomita atropurpurea Steyerm. in Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 399. 1952. – Holotype: Venezuela, Bolívar, Ptaritepui, vicinity of “Misia Kathy Camp” southeast-facing slopes, 1585–1600 m, 10–11 Nov 1944, J. A. Steyermark 59973 (F [F0054533 F] photo!; isotypes: US [US 00114289] photo!, VEN [VEN26400] photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 8 m tall, prop roots and exudate not seen. Petioles 1–3.5 cm long, smooth, coloration not seen, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 6–21 × 1.5–9.5 cm, brown in sicco, coriaceous, black dots absent, oblong to obovate, base convex to rounded, apex convex to acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 7–13 pairs, 11–27 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–70° to midvein, strongly prominent abaxially, immersed adaxially, strongly arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating, c. 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ not seen, ♀ single flower or a congested dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 5–8 mm long, coloration not seen, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated in all flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 7–9 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 7–9 × 6.5–8 mm, circular to ovate, apex rounded, pale green with rosed margins; petals 7–8, 8–9 × 3–4 mm, oblong, position not seen, apex rounded, greenish becoming purplish-red when senescent. Staminate flowers not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes terete, greenish becoming purplish-red when senescent, quantity not seen; ovary size not seen, 4-locular, pale green, stigmas 4, sessile, red. Capsules fleshy, 2–2.2 × 1.4–1.5 cm, 4-septate, pyriform to oblong when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, epicarp smooth, lenticels present, coloration not seen; sepals, petals and stigmas persistent, staminodes caducous. Aril coloration not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Cuello (1998: fig. 225).</p><p>Distribution — Venezuela (Bolívar). Fig. 20.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita atropurpurea is known only from the type collection. The species has been usually compared to T. gazelii due to the presence of purplish-red petals in both species. Unfortunately, T. atropurpurea was not seen in vivo and this information could not be confirmed. However, the presence of purplish-red petals in T. gazelii has been clarified. Petals become darker when senescent (see discussion in T. gazelii, Fig. 8F, G) and this probably also occurs in T. atropurpurea . When sterile, T. atropurpurea may be confused with T. albiflora due to the coloration and texture of the leaves in sicco. These two species can be distinguished by the fruits with lenticels and rostrum in T. albiflora (vs lenticels and rostrum absent in T. atropurpurea).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFC5FF8FFF43FE2EFAB3FA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFC5FF81FCCEFA2EFDA7FE97.text	03A0CB73FFC5FF81FCCEFA2EFDA7FE97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita auriculata Cuello	<div><p>5. Tovomita auriculata Cuello in Novon 9: 150. 1999. – Holotype: Venezuela, Amazonas, Dep. Atures, bosque alto de terra firme en el sector “La Culebra” a 26 km al SE de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5166664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4/lat 5.5166664)">Pto. Ayacucho</a>, por La carretera Pto. Ayacucho- El Gavilán, 05°31'N, 67°24'W, 80–150 m, Jan 1989, N. Cuello &amp; Y. Fernández 480 (PORT [PORT46943] photo!; isotype: MO [MO279715] photo!).</p><p>Description — Shrubs or trees up to 10(–25) m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Leaves sessile to subsessile, petioles &lt;5 mm long when present, smooth, green to brownish, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 27–45 × 6.5–15.5 cm, greyish or ferruginous in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, obovate, base cuneate to decurrent with a pair of auricles, apex convex to acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 19–22 pairs, 9–24 mm apart from each other, forming angle 35°–55° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins absent, &lt;50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ congested cyme with 3–5 basal branches and up to c. 135 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 8–13(–45) mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–7.5(–15) mm long, oblong, apex apiculate, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 2–4, 6.8–7.5 × 3–5 mm, ovate to oblong, apex apiculate, green; petals 5, 1.5–2.5 × 6–6.8 mm, oblong to linear, reflexed, apex rounded, green, inner ones strongly imprinted by stamens. Staminate flowers: stamens 40–60 stamens, 4.5–5.9 mm long, isodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, white; anthers 1.3–1.5 mm long, connective slightly exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 40–60, 8–10 mm long, white; ovary c. 5 mm long, not costate, 5-locular, coloration not seen, styles free c. 5 mm long, stigmas 5, c. 5 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.5–4 × 3–3.5 cm, 5-septate, spheroid when closed, not costate, sublobed, rostrum absent, free styles 1–1.2 cm long, epicarp asperous, lenticels absent, brown to ferruginous when immature and mature, mesocarp coloration not seen; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen. Fig. 21.</p><p>Distribution — Colombia (Amazonas), Peru (Loreto), Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 20.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita auriculata was treated as “ Tovomita sp. A ” in the Flora of Venezuelan Guayana (Cuello 1998) and later described as a new species. This species can be recognized by the long (27–45 cm long) and subsessile leaves (petioles &lt;5 mm long) (Fig. 21A), auriculate leaf bases, congested inflorescences (Fig. 21A, B), and fruits with asperous epicarp (Fig. 21D). Tovomita auriculata shares with T. morii subsessile leaves and fruits with asperous epicarp, but T. morii has fewer secondary veins (12–14 vs 19–22 in T. auriculata) and the floral buds are spheroid (vs oblong with apiculate apex in T. auriculata).</p><p>Specimens examined — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Chorrera, Comunidad de San Antonio, alto del Río Igaraparaná, 01°11'84"N, 72°54'51"W, 130 m, 9 Feb 2023, fr., N . Castaño-A. &amp; U. Monayatofe 12985 (COAH!) . — PERU: LORETO: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 m, 24–28 Sep 1929, bud, E. P . Killip &amp; A. C . Smith 29971 (NY!); Província Maynas, Mishana, Río Nanay, 180 m, 31 May 1978, sterile, A . Gentry &amp; al. 22386 (NY!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Atures, Serranía Batata, 2 km al NE de</p><p>Salto Colorado, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.13333/lat 5.55)">Caño</a> Colorado sobre corazas lateríticas, 05°33'N, 67°08'W, 550 m, Oct 1989, bud, E . Sanoja- Angel &amp; Y . Fernández 3265 (NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFC5FF81FCCEFA2EFDA7FE97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFCBFF81FF43FEAEFA93F8D7.text	03A0CB73FFCBFF81FF43FEAEFA93F8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita calodictyos Sandwith	<div><p>6. Tovomita calodictyos Sandwith in Kew Bull. 1936: 219. 1936. – Lectotype (designated here): Guyana, [Essequibo Islands–West Demerara], Tiger creek, Essequibo river, a small tree growing on brown sand, 9 Nov 1930, G. G. Brinsley 1002 (K [K000488512]!; isolectotype: K [K000488513]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 10 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1.2–4.8 cm long, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 25–34.5 × 5.5–15.2 cm, green to greyish in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, elliptic to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex convex to acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 14–19 pairs, 7–27 mm apart from each other, forming angle 80°–85° to midvein, strongly prominent abaxially, immersed adaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins usually absent, rarely one per intercostal area, thinner than secondary veins, &lt;50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ cyme with 3–7 basal branches, congested after second ramification, up to 260 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 15 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 4–8.5 mm long, green, not articulated, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3.5–5.5 mm long, oblong to very broadly ovate, apex apiculate, lenticels absent, blackened in sicco. Sepals 2, 6–6.5 × 3–5.5 mm, oblong, apex apiculate, greenish; petals 4, 5.5–7 × 2.5– 3 mm, oblong to lanceolate, patent, apex rounded, coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens 30–35 stamens, 2–4.5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.6–0.7 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 30, 4.5–6 mm long, coloration not seen; ovary c. 4 mm long, 4-costate, 4-locular, coloration not seen, styles fused 2/3, free portion c. 5 mm long, stigmas 4, c. 1 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 2–5.5 × 1.3–1.8 cm, 4-septate, fusiform to spheroid when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 5–6 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, coloration not seen; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Seeds aril coloration not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Pará), French Guiana (Saint-Georges, Saül), and Guyana (Cayúni-Mazaruni, Essequibo Islands–West Demerara, Upper Demerara-Berbice). Fig. 20.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — Both specimens of the type collection are deposited at K, but only one bears an inflorescence; this specimen was chosen as the lectotype (K000488512).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita calodictyos can be identified even when sterile. The leaves have 14–19 pairs of secondary veins, which are almost perpendicular to the midvein (80°–85°) and connecting near the blade margin. When fertile, the inflorescences are elongated and congested after the second ramification, the floral buds are oblong with an apiculate apex. However, there seems to be a great difference between the floral buds of pistillate and staminate species. Some pistillate specimens from the state of Pará, Brazil, presented floral buds broadly ovate and fruits with thick styles, different from the staminate specimens from Guyana.</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: PARÁ: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.516945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.9694444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.516945/lat -0.9694444)">Óbidos</a>, Flora de Trombetas, 00°58'10"S, 55°31'01"W, Apr 2008, bud, l. C. B . Lobato &amp; C. A. S . Silva 3381 (MG!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: SAINT-GEORGES: Régina forest, 23 Nov 1998, bud, P . Grenand 3132 (NY!, P!) . SAÜL: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.6166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.2/lat 3.6166668)">La Fumée Mountain</a>, 03°37'N, 53°12'W, 300 m, 19 May 1986, fr., S. A . Mori &amp; T. D. Pennington 18056 (NY!) . — GUYANA: CAYUNI-MAZARUNI: Kartabo triangle, 5 Jun 1950, fr., F2974 (K!) . UPPER DEMERARA-BERBICE: West Demarara region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.666668/lat 5.3333335)">Mabura</a> hill area, 05°20'N, 58°40'W, 50 m, 2 Jun 1986, bud, J. J . Pipoly 7489 (B!, NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFCBFF81FF43FEAEFA93F8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFCBFF83FCCEF86EFD3EFC17.text	03A0CB73FFCBFF83FCCEF86EFD3EFC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita caloneura A. C. Sm.	<div><p>7. Tovomita caloneura A. C. Sm. in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.5833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.666668/lat 1.5833333)">Lloydia</a> 2: 197. 1939. – Lectotype (designated here): Guyana, [Potaro-Siparúni], in dense forest on high land near mouth of Onoro creek, basin of Essequibo river, 01°35'N, [58°40'W], 18 Dec 1937, A. C. Smith 2720 (NY [NY00579002]!; isolectotypes: A [A00067909]!, F [F0054534 F] photo!, G [G00355490] photo!, K [K000488515]!, MO [MO279714] photo!, P [P00093858]!, S [S11-35973] photo!, U [U0002432] photo!, US [US00114290] photo!, WIS [WIS00000753 MAD] photo!, WIS [WIS00000754 MAD] photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 20 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 18–35 mm long, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 10–17 × 4.5–10.5 cm, green-greyish to blackened in sicco, black dots absent, chartaceous, obovate, base decurrent, apex convex to acuminate, sometimes retuse; usually with fungal spots abaxially, papillae and lenticels absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins c. 26 pairs, 2–5 mm apart from each other, forming angle 55°– 65° to midvein, immersed in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, two or more per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ usually congested cyme with 3–5 basal branches and up to 15 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 4–12 mm long, green, not articulated, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 5–11 mm long, spheroid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent, blackened in sicco. Sepals 2, c. 7.5–11 × 5–11 mm, circular, apex rounded, slightly woody, green; petals 4, 4.5–6.5 × 8.5–9 mm, oblong, inner ones patent, apex rounded, greenish to pale yellow. Staminate flowers: stamens 50–60, 3–5.5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, white; anthers 0.7– 0.9 mm long, connective wide, not over thecae; pistillode c. 2 mm in diam. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 2–3.5 × 1.5–2.3 cm, 5-septate, fusiform when closed, not costate or lobed, 5-angular, rostrum present, 6–9 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature, light green when mature, mesocarp coloration not seen; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 22.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), French Guiana (Saint-Élie), Guyana (Potaro-Siparuni). Fig. 23.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC).</p><p>Nomenclaturalnotes — TheNYspecimen (NY00579002) was chosen as the lectotype as it was likely the main specimen used by A. C. Smith, who was curator of the NY from 1928 to 1940, to describe Tovomita caloneura . Moreover, it is the only specimen that was manually annotated by the describing author .</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita caloneura can be easily recognized by the large number of secondary veins (c. 26 pairs), obovate leaves, usually with fungal spots abaxially (Fig. 22A), and inflorescences usually congested (Fig. 22B). The floral buds are blackened in sicco, and usually enveloped by a large calyptra formed by connate bracts. The stamens (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) are short and dorsiventrally compressed. When sterile, T. caloneura may be confused with T. acutiflora and T. manauara, due to the large number of secondary veins. It can be distinguished from T. acutiflora by the spheroid (vs oblong) floral buds and fusiform (vs napiform to spheroid) fruits. Tovomita caloneura can be distinguished from T. manauara by the number of secondary veins (up to 26 pairs vs 25–36 pairs in T. manauara) and fruit morphology (5-septate and fusiform vs 4-septate and turbinate in T. manauara).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, Acará, 30 Jun 1976, bud, O. P . Monteiro 1259 (INPA!). PARÁ: trecho ramal perimetral Norte, km 24, BR 163, 15 Niv 1985, fr., L. S . Coelho &amp; al. 74 (INPA!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: SAINT-ÉLIE: Interfluve Sinnamary / Counamama, 05°20'N, 53°00'W, 12 Feb 1988, sterile, B . Riera &amp; D. Sabatier 1806 (B!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFCBFF83FCCEF86EFD3EFC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFC9FF84FF43FC2EFDA0F8D7.text	03A0CB73FFC9FF84FF43FC2EFDA0F8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita calophyllophylla Garcia-Villacorta & Hammel	<div><p>8. Tovomita calophyllophylla García-Villacorta &amp; Hammel in Brittonia 56: 132. 2004. – Holotype: Peru, Loreto, Provincia Maynas, Estación Biológica Callicebus, Río Nanay-Mishana, bosque primario, suelos de arena blanca, 03°85'59"S, 73°83'59"W, 130 m, 31 Dec 1981, R. Vásquez &amp; al. 2810 (AMAZ; isotypes: MO, NY!, USM).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 20 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1.2–2 cm long, transversely striate, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 6.5–21 × 2–4.5 cm, brownish in sicco, black dots present abaxially, coriaceous, narrowly elliptic to oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 24–50 pairs, 2–4 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–75° to midvein, immersed in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, two per intercostal area, similar to secondary ones, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ usually congested cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower or dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicel 4–10 mm long, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 4–6 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 5–8 × 5–7 mm, oblong to orbicular, apex rounded, greenish; petals 4–6, 5.5–10 × 3–4.5 mm, oblong, patent, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 40–50, 3.5–5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, white; anthers 0.8–1 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 35–40, 3–4.5 mm long, white; ovary 5–6 mm long, not costate, 5-locular, white to greenish, styles 2.8–3 mm long, white to greenish, free, stigmas 5, 1–1.5 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.2–4.7 × 1.7–2.1 cm, 5-septate, pyriform to rhombic when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 1–1.3 mm long, free styles portion 5–6 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature or green-yellowish when mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 24.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in García-Villacorta &amp; Hammel (2004: 133).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Vaupés), Peru (Loreto). Fig. 23.</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — The leaves of Tovomita calophyllophylla resemble those of Calophyllum L. ( Calophyllaceae) by the large number of closely arranged secondary veins and the transversely striate petioles (Fig. 24A, B). The latter character is common in species of Garcinia (Clusiaceae), but unusual in Tovomita, also occurring only in T. clarkii and T. nervosa . Tovomita calophyllophylla shares with these two species several leaf and floral characters but can be readily differentiated by the size of floral buds (4–6 mm vs&gt; 6 mm long in T. clarkii and T. nervosa) and anther size (&lt;1 mm vs&gt; 1.5 mm long in both). Other characters that distinguish these species are presented in the discussion of T. nervosa .</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.8833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.983334/lat -2.8833332)">Reserva Florestal Ducke</a>, 02°53'S, 59°59'W, 26 Oct 1995, bud, J. E. L. S . Ribeiro &amp; al. 1746 (INPA!, UEC!) . MATO GROSSO: Itaúba, linha de transmissão da Usina Hidroelétrica Colíder, 19 Jul 2017, fl. ♂, M. E . Engels &amp; R. W. S . Silva 5711 (HERBAM photo!) . PARÁ: Belém Ilha do Mosqueiro, terreno da Fazenda Agro Pastoril, 5 Sep 1971, fl. ♂, E . Oliveira 5862 (MG!) . RONDÔNIA: 28 km SW of Vilhena, on road to Colorado, 26 Oct 1979, fr., B. W . Nelson 303 (NY!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Chorrera, comunidad de San Antonio, alto del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.92444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.92444/lat -1.1633333)">Río Igaraparaná</a>, 01°09'48"S, 72°55'28"W, 120 m, 2 Oct 2023, fr., N . Castaño-A. &amp; U. Monayatofe 14070 (COAH!) . CAQUETÁ: Solano, Río Mesay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.46333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.046666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.46333/lat 0.046666667)">Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de Chiribiquete</a>, 00°02'48"N, 72°27'48"W, 400 m, 1 Apr 2019, sterile, D. Cárdenas &amp; al. 52713 (COAH!) . VAUPÉS: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.5/lat -0.25)">Río Piraparaná</a>, 00°15'S, 70°30'W, 9 Mar 1952, fr., R. E . Schultes &amp; I . Cabrera 15918 (NY!) . — PERU: LORETO: Prov. Requena, 7 Oct 1986, bud, M . Cheta 145 (NY) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFC9FF84FF43FC2EFDA0F8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFCEFF86FF69F86EFD27FDB7.text	03A0CB73FFCEFF86FF69F86EFD27FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita carinata Eyma	<div><p>9. Tovomita carinata Eyma in Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 4: 36. 1932. – Lectotype (designated here): Suriname, [Brokopondo], Brownsberg,</p><p>Guiana batava, in cacumine, 1 Jul 1924, B. W . 6730 (U</p><p>[U0002433] photo!; isotypes: K [K000488514]!, NY</p><p>[NY00579003]!, U [U0002434] photo!).</p><p>= Tovomita obscura Sandwith in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 214. 1936, syn. nov. – Holotype: Guyana, [Cayúni-Mazaruni], Bartica-Portaro road, 88 miles from Bartica, c. 400 ft, 27 Jun 1933, T. G. Tutin 300 (K [K000488506]!; isotypes: BM [BM000047405] photo!, U [U0002438] photo!, US [US 00114297] photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 18 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, quantity not seen. Petioles 15–20 mm long, smooth, coloration not seen, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9.5–16.5 × 2.8–5.9 cm, greyish adaxially and copper-coloured abaxially in sicco, subcoriaceous, black dots absent, elliptic to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate to rounded; papillae present, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 17–20 pairs, 5–10 mm apart from each other, forming angle 50°–60° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces in sicco, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, two or more per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 50 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower, lenticels absent. Pedicels 3–6 mm long, coloration not seen, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3–5 mm long, oblong, apex rounded to apiculate, lenticels absent, blackened in sicco. Sepals 2, 2.5–6.2 × 4–5 mm, oblong, apex round- ed, white to greenish; petals 4, 4.2–4.8 × 1–2 mm, oblong to linear, reflexed, apex rounded, white to greenish. Staminate flowers: stamens 26–34, 2.8–4 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white, blackened in sicco; anthers 0.2–0.3 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 0.5 mm long, 5 rudimentary stigmas. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 2.8–3.2 × 1.5–1.7 cm, 5-septate, fusiform to pyriform when closed, strongly costate, rostrum present, c. 11 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Eyma (1932: 36).</p><p>Distribution — Bolivia (Beni), Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Putumayo), French Guiana (Kourou, Montsinéry-Tonnegrande, Saül, Sinnamary), Guyana (Cayúni-Mazaruni), Peru (Loreto), Suriname (Brokopondo, Paramaribo). Fig. 25.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Specimens of Tovomita carinata were for a long time determined as T. acutiflora or T. tenuiflora . Although they have a similar arrangement of secondary veins, these three species can be distinguished by leaf coloration in sicco: in T. carinata the leaves are greyish adaxially and copper-coloured abaxially (vs copper-coloured in T. acutiflora, and dark brown in T. tenuiflora on both sides). Also, the leaves are subcoriaceous in T. carinata (vs chartaceous in both other species). The floral buds of T. carinata have a rounded apex, rarely apiculate, features that are also observed in T. acutiflora, but the apiculate form is less frequent. Moreover, the floral buds of T. carinata become blackened in sicco, as well as those of T. tenuiflora, but never with an acute apex, as in T. tenuiflora . The number of stamens is also different: &lt;35 in T. carinata vs&gt; 45 in T. acutiflora and T. tenuiflora .</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BOLIVIA: BENI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.03333/lat -11.75)">Prov. of Vaca Diez</a>, 11°45'S, 66°02'W, 200 m, 27 Mar 1984, bud, B. M . Boom 4783 (GH!) . — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.3/lat -0.8)">Serra do Aracá</a>, southern massif, 00°48'S, 63°18'W, 28 Feb 1984, bud, J . Pipoly &amp; al. 6734 (CAS!) . — COLOMBIA: PUTUMAYO: Mocoa, zona amortiguamento <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.6/lat 1.1)">Parque Nacional Natural Churumbelos</a>, 01°06'N, 76°36'W, 919 m, 12 Dec 2018, bud, N . Bustamante &amp; A. M . Pardo P2-485 (COAH!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: MONTSINÉRY-TONNEGRANDE: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.43667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.742778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.43667/lat 4.742778)">Montagne des Chavaux</a>, 04°44'34"N, 52°26'12"W, 28 m, 20 Oct 2007, bud, O . Tostain 790 (K!) . SAÜL: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.6166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.2/lat 3.6166668)">Monts Lá Fumée</a>, 03°37'N, 53°12'W, 200– 400 m, 23 Nov 1982, bud, S . Mori &amp; B. Boom 15248 (NY!) . SINNAMARY: Sinnamary river, above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.016666/lat 5.0)">Petit Saut</a>, 05°00'N, 53°01'W, 87 m, 4 Sep 1993, sterile, S . Mori &amp; al. 23580 (NY!). — PERU: LORETO: Maynas Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.083336/lat -3.5)">Indiana</a>, 03°30'S, 73°05'W, 108 m, 24 Oct 1989, bud, R . Vásquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 12994 (B!) . — SURINAME: BROKOPONDO: Brownberg, 1 Jan 1924, sterile, B. W . 6730 (K!). PARAMARIBO: Kaboeri creek, 1 km of base-camp, 14 Apr 1965, fr., P. J. M . Maas 10721 (A!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFCEFF86FF69F86EFD27FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFCCFF86FF69FDCEFA38FA57.text	03A0CB73FFCCFF86FF69FDCEFA38FA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita caudata L. Marinho	<div><p>10. Tovomita caudata L. Marinho in Willdenowia 49: 344. 2019. – Holotype: Peru, Loreto, Río Mamón [Momón] near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.26556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.6908333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.26556/lat -3.6908333)">Nanay</a>, 03°41'27"S, 73°15'56"W, 1 Sep 1972, T. B. Croat 19887 (MO [MO1593390] photo!; isotypes: CAS [no. 649489]!, GH!, NY [NY02859725]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 8 m tall, prop roots and exudate not seen. Petiole 0.7–1 cm long, smooth, coloration not seen. Leaf blades 4.4–8.2 × 1.6–3.2 cm, greenish in sicco, subcoriaceous, black dots absent, elliptic to oblong, base decurrent, apex strongly acuminate with drip tip, drip tip 0.6–1.2 cm long; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals prominent adaxially, immersed abaxially, parallel to secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 18–26 pairs, 1.5–3 mm apart from each other, forming angle 70°–75° to midvein, prominent adaxially, immersed abaxially, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, two or more per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 21 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ not seen, lenticels absent. Pedicels 6–11 mm long, coloration not seen, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 2–4 mm long, ovoid, apex rounded, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 2–4 × 2.3–3.5 mm, ovate, apex rounded, green; petals 4, 3–4 × 0.9–1.1 mm, oblong to linear, patent, apex rounded, coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 23, 2.3–2.8 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, coloration not seen; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, yellow, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 0.2 mm long, conic, coloration not seen. Pistillate flowers and fruits not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho &amp; al. (2019b: 345).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas), Peru (Loreto). Fig. 25.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita caudata can be easily recognized, even when sterile, by the small leaves with a long acuminate apex with drip tip (0.6–1.2 cm long). The species differs from T. amazonica by the subcoriaceous vs chartaceous to membranaceous leaves with 18–26 (vs 13–18) pairs of secondary veins. Also, the adaxial leaf surfaces are similar to those of T. calophyllophylla and T. colombiana by the presence of two or more intersecondary veins per intercostal area, giving the leaf blades an aspect similar to those of Calophyllum L. ( Calophyllaceae). Tovomita caudata can also be distinguished from the two latter species by the long acuminate leaf apex.</p><p>Specimen examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Carauari, Rio Juruá, Poço Munguba-1 (MG-1) da Petrobrás, a 32 km do Gavião ES-50, 24 Oct 1980, P . Lisboa &amp; al. 1614 (MG!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFCCFF86FF69FDCEFA38FA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFCCFFB8FC94F9EEFE3BFC37.text	03A0CB73FFCCFFB8FC94F9EEFE3BFC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita clarkii L. Marinho & Gahagen	<div><p>11. Tovomita clarkii Pipoly ex L. Marinho &amp; Gahagen in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.05/lat 1.9333334)">Phytotaxa</a> 261: 88. 2016. – Holotype: Venezuela, Amazonas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.05/lat 1.9333334)">Departamento de Río Negro</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.05/lat 1.9333334)">San Carlos de Río Negro</a>, c. 20 km S of confluence of Río Negro and Brazo Casiquiare, 01°56'N, 67°03'W, 119 m, 27 Nov 1981, H. L. Clark &amp; P. Maquirino 8291 (US [US 00588617] photo!; isotype: INPA [no. 206429]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 6 m tall, prop roots not seen; exudate yellow. Petioles 1.6–2.2 cm long, transversely striate, coloration not seen, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9.8–11.9 × 3–3.9 cm, brownish in sicco, strongly coriaceous, black dots absent, obovate to oblanceolate, base convex to decurrent, apex rounded sometimes retuse; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous adaxially, prominent abaxially as copper-coloured lines in sicco, crossing secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 15–20 pairs, 3.3–6.7 mm apart from each other, forming angle c. 50° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels (7.1–) 11.3–12.3 mm long, coloration not seen, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–7.5 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 2–4, 7–7.5 × 5–7.5 mm, oblong to circular, apex rounded, coloration not seen; petals 4, 6–8 × 3–6 mm, orbicular to oblong, apex rounded, position and coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 25, 4.5–5.5 mm long, isodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, coloration not seen; anthers 1.5–2 mm long, coloration not seen, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 1 mm long, conic, coloration not seen. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 1.1–1.6 × 1.5–1.6(–4.2) cm, 5-septate, ovoid when closed, 5-costate, rostrum present, 6–7 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, light green when immature, mature fruits not seen, mesocarp reddish; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen. Fig. 26A–E.</p><p>Distribution — Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 27.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita clarkii has strongly coriaceous leaves and obovate to oblanceolate leaf blades with rounded or retuse apex (Fig. 26A, B), a combination of characters that only occurs in this species. The species resembles T. calophyllophylla and T. nervosa, being distinguished from these two mainly by the smaller number of secondary veins (&lt;20 vs&gt; 24 pairs) and stamens (c. 25 vs 40). Other diagnostic characters are presented in the discussion of T. calophyllophylla and T. nervosa .</p><p>Specimens examined — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Departamento de Río Negro, San Carlos de Río Negro, c. 20 km S of confluence <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.05/lat 1.9333334)">Río Negro</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.05/lat 1.9333334)">Brazo Casiquiare</a>, 01°56'N, 67°03'W, 119 m, average rainfall 3400–3600 mm /year, 15 May 1980, fr., H. L. Clark 7585 (INPA!, US photo!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFCCFFB8FC94F9EEFE3BFC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFF2FFBAFF69FC4EFD8BFDB7.text	03A0CB73FFF2FFBAFF69FC4EFD8BFDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita clusiiflora (Ducke) L. Marinho	<div><p>12. Tovomita clusiiflora (Ducke) L. Marinho in Phytotaxa 340: 289. 2018 ≡ Tovomitidium clusiiflorum Ducke in Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 62. 1935. – Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, habitat in silva mediocri terris altis prope São Paulo de Olivença ( Rio Solimões, in civitate Amazonas), 3 Oct 1931, A. Ducke s.n. RB no. 25051 (RB [RB00539011]!; isotypes: K [K000815954]!, US [US 00114307] photo!).</p><p>= Tovomita froesii Maguire in Phytologia 39: 76. 1978. – Lectotype (designated by Marinho &amp; al. 2018: 289): Brazil, Amazonas, [São Paulo de Olivença], upper Jandiatuba, 12 Jan 1949, R. L. Froés 23887 (NY [NY00076045]!; isolectotypes: IAN [no. 15834]!, IAN [no. 42820]!, NY [NY00579023]!, P [P01901229]!).</p><p>Description — Shrubs or trees up to 25 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 2.5–3.8 cm long, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 14.5–36 × 6.2–15 cm, light brown in sicco, coriaceous, black dots absent, broadly elliptic to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex straight, acuminate or rounded; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 12–20 pairs, 7–18 mm apart from each other, forming angle c. 85° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins absent; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ congested or lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower, lenticels absent; dichasium usually enclosed by bracts fused in a calyptra. Pedicels 6–7 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, articulation not seen; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 10–18 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded; lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 10–35 × 13–15 mm, circular to oblong, apex rounded; petals 4, c. 34 × 12 mm, oblong to spathulate, apex rounded, position and coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens 7.5–9.2 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, white; anthers 5–5.5 mm long, connective exceeding thecae, acute; pistillode conic. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 2.2–4.5 × 2–3.2 cm, 6-septate, spheroid when closed, strongly costate, rostrum present, 7–13 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 28.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Ducke (1935: 72).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, Vaupés), Peru (Loreto). Fig. 27.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita clusiiflora is the only species with an acute connective exceeding the thecae and 6-carpellate ovaries (Fig. 28C). When sterile, T. clusiiflora can be recognized by coriaceous leaves, absence of intersecondary veins and percurrent sinuous tertiary veins (Fig. 28A). The flowers are large, and the fruits are costate, usually pyriform, but sometimes spheroid (Fig. 28B).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: São Paulo de Olivença, alto Rio Solimões, platô ao sul da cidade, 1 Jan 1986, fr., C . A. Cid &amp; al. 8596 (INPA!, NY!). — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: corregimiento El Encanto, camino de Puerto Castro, 01°44'07"S, 73°09'03"W, 140 m, 14 Ap 2022, fr., W . Rodríguez &amp; al. 10260 (COAH!). ANTIQOUIA: San Carlos, Corregimiento El Jordán, trocha Los Planes, 16 Feb 1990, fr., M. P . Velásquez 267 (HUA!). BOLÍVAR: Santa Rosa, Guamoco, caserío <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.4825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.641389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.4825/lat 7.641389)">Tomates</a>, 07°38'29"N, 74°28'57"W, 10 May 2010, fr., W . Rodríguez &amp; al. 6768 (HUA!). CHOCÓ: Acandi, Corregimiento Chugandí, vereda La Goleta, 08°24'33"N, 77°08'30"W, 12 Jan 2004, fr., A . Idárraga &amp; F . Cardona 3114 (HUA!, JAUM!). VAUPÉS: Río Piparaparaná, Caño Teemeeña, 00°15'S, 70°30'N, 5 Sep 1952, fl., R. E . Schultes &amp; I . Cabrera 17175 (NY!) . — PERU: LORETO: Maynas, Depto. Iquitos, Carretera Iquitos-Nauta, 2 Jul 1996, fl. ♂, M . Rimachi Y . 11693 (NY!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFF2FFBAFF69FC4EFD8BFDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFF0FFBAFF69FDCEFB29F917.text	03A0CB73FFF0FFBAFF69FDCEFB29F917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita colombiana L. Marinho	<div><p>13. Tovomita colombiana L. Marinho in Brittonia 70: 406. 2018. – Holotype: Colombia, Vaupés, Comisária del Vaupés, Mitú, in forest, 2 Sep 1956, A. S. Barclay &amp; R. E. Schultes 500 (GH!; isotype: COL [COL000118519] photo!).</p><p>Description — Shrubs or trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 0.8– 1.6 cm long, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 5.3–10 × 2.1–4.6 cm, brown in sicco, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, black dots absent, elliptic to oblong, base convex to decurrent, sometimes asymmetric, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals slightly prominent to immersed adaxially, strongly prominent abaxially, as interrupted blackish lines, parallel to secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 11–15 pairs, 4–8 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–75° to midvein, immersed abaxially, slightly prominent adaxially, slightly arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins one or two, rarely three, per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary, similar to exudate canals,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower or dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 8–11 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally or in middle articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 5–6 mm long, oblong, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 6.5–6.8 × 3–5 mm, oblong, apex rounded, green; petals 4, 6.2–7.2 × 2.5–5 mm, oblong, apex rounded, white, position not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 45, 4.5–5.3 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 1 mm long, conic. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 2.7–3 × 1.2–2.2 cm, 4-septate, napiform to turbinate when closed, frequently falcate, not costate, slightly 4-lobed, rostrum present, 4–6 mm long, free portion of styles 3–3.5 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature, mature not seen, mesocarp purplish-red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, styles and stigmas persistent. Aril red.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho (2018: 408).</p><p>Distribution — Colombia (Caquetá, Vaupés). Fig. 27.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tomovita colombiana is similar to other species of Tovomita with small leaves, such as T. amazonica and T. fructipendula, from which it can be differentiated, even when sterile, by the exudate canals strongly visible on the abaxial leaf surface as interrupted blackish lines parallel to the secondary veins (Fig. 12M vs exudate canals as blackish lines on abaxial surface crossing the secondary veins in both species) and the smooth epicarp (vs rugose in T. amazonica and asperous in T. fructipendula). Marinho (2018) also compared T. colombiana with T. calophyllophylla due to their sharing a large number of secondary and intersecondary veins, but while T. colombiana has smooth petioles, oblong floral buds, and 4-carpellate ovaries, T. calophyllophylla has transversely striate petioles, spheroid floral buds, and 5-carpellate ovaries.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFF0FFBAFF69FDCEFB29F917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFF1FFBDFCCEF8EEFB29FA77.text	03A0CB73FFF1FFBDFCCEF8EEFB29FA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita crassidactyla L. Marinho 2025	<div><p>15. Tovomita crassidactyla L. Marinho, sp. nov. – Fig. 31, 32.</p><p>Holotype: Panama, Panamá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.5/lat 9.25)">Cerro Jefé</a> near summit, along road to east about a quarter mile below tower, 09°15'N, 79°30'W, 750–850 m, 8 Jul 1987, G. McPherson 11175 (PMA [PMA23299] photo!; isotypes: MEXU [no. 711291] photo!, MO [MO-916461] photo!, NY!).</p><p>Diagnosis — Tovomita crassidactyla is similar to T. xanthochlora, from which it can be distinguished by coriaceous (vs chartaceous) leaves, floral buds with an apiculate (vs rounded) apex, and shorter and thick pedicels ≤ 8 mm long (vs elongated [up to 19 mm long] and thin). Fruits of T. crassidactyla are pyriform, with a narrow base and without a rostrum (vs rounded, with a rounded base and conspicuous rostrum in T. xanthochlora).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 20 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow. Petioles 1–4 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 7.2–20 × 2.5–8 cm, light brown to copper-coloured in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, oblong to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex rounded rarely convex; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 6–9 pairs, 10–17 mm apart from each other, forming angle 45°–50° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one to two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 27 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ 3(–5)-flowered cyme, lenticels absent. Pedicels 5–8 mm long, green, thick, distal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, sometimes appearing to be inarticulate; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 7–8 mm long, spheroid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 7–8 × 5–7 mm, circular to oblong, apex apiculate to rounded, green; petals 4, c. 17 × 5 mm, oblong, reflexed, apex rounded, white to greenish-white. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 80, 2–4.5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers c. 1 mm long, coloration not seen, connective exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 3.5–5 × 2.5–3 cm, 5-septate, pyriform when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, epicarp smooth, green when immature, green-brownish when mature, mesocarp pinkish to purplish-red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange.</p><p>Distribution — Panama (Colón, Panamá). Fig. 33.</p><p>Conservation status — Tovomita crassidactyla was assessed as Endangered EN B 1ab(i,ii,iv)+2ab(i,ii,iv) based on both Extent of Occurrence 600 km 2 and Area of Occupancy less than 30 km 2. Although some specimens were collected in conservation units such as Chagres and San Lorenzo National Parks, most of the paratypes were collected along roadsides.</p><p>Etymology — The specific epithet refers to the pedicels and flower buds, which are thick and finger-like, as in some anurans. It is adjectival, derived from Latin crassus,</p><p>thick, and dactylus borrowed from Greek δάκτυλος (daktylos), finger.</p><p>Recognition and discussion — The specimens previously identified as Tovomita longifolia from Costa Rica and Panama are described here as two distinct species, respectively T. xanthochlora and T. crassidactyla (see T. longifolia discussion). Tovomita crassidactyla can be distinguished from T. longifolia by the ascending secondary veins (forming angle 45°–50° to the midvein [Fig. 12O] vs 65°–75° in T. longifolia [Fig. 13M]) and spheroid floral bud (vs oblong to ovoid in T. longifolia). Tovomita crassidactyla differs from T. xanthochlora by the coriaceous leaves with a rounded apex (Fig. 12O and 32E; vs chartaceous with acuminate apex in T. xanthochlora [Fig. 14T]), thick pedicel (vs thin), and floral buds with apiculate apex (Fig. 32E; vs rounded in T. xanthochlora, Fig. 87D). The fruits are also different: in T. crassidactyla they are pyriform with a narrow base and without a rostrum (Fig. 32C), while in T. xanthochlora, the fruits are obovate-pyriform, with a narrow base and evident rostrum. They are also slightly but distinctly costate, at least in life. (Fig. 87G).</p><p>Some Panamanian specimens determined as Tovomita longifolia (not included in the new species) show significant morphological differences in the fruits and need to be further investigated whenever more materials become available. The specimens C. Galdames 446 (PMA), from Panamá Province, and Greg de Nevers 6994 (PMA), from San Blas Provinces, have asperous fruits with a distal portion of the pedicel dilated. These features are present in T. morii; however, the presence of an evident petiole is not present in this species. In T. crassidactyla, the fruits are smooth and the pedicels are not dilated.</p><p>Additional specimens examined — PANAMA: COLÓN: Santa Rita Ridge road, 17.1 km from Boyd-Roosevelt Hwy., 21 May 1975, fr., S . Mori &amp; J. Kallunki 6310 (MO photo!, NY!); end of Río Boqueron road, 1500–2000 ft, 12 Apr 1978, bud, B . Hammel 2471 (MO photo!, MEXU photo!, NY!); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.01667/lat 9.283334)">Carretera</a> hacia el poblado de Piñas, 09°17'N, 80°01'W, 28 Aug 1996, fr., C . Galdames &amp; L . Guillén 3319 (NY!); Atlantic Canopy Crane site, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.98333/lat 9.283334)">Fort Sherman</a>, 09°17'N, 79°59'W, 150 m, 17 Jul 1997, bud, R . Foster &amp; al. 15721 (F photo!, PMA photo!), ibid., fr., 15726 (PMA photo!); Santa Rita Arriba, 2–4 km de la carretera <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.76667/lat 9.333333)">Boyd-Roosevelt</a>, 09°20'N, 79°46'W, 200– 250 m, 25 Mar 1999, bud, M . D. Correa &amp; al. 11504 (NY!) . PANAMÁ: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 22 Mar 1971, bud, R . Foster &amp; T . Croat 2248 (PMA photo!); ibid., East of Donato Trail 100, 22 Mar 1971, bud, T . Croat 14016 (MO photo!, UC!); Premontane wet forest along new El Llano-Cartí road, 400–450 m, 12 Dec 1973, fr., M . Nee &amp; al. 8790 (MO photo!, MEXU photo!, NY 2 sheets!); Cerro Jefe, 1000 m, 29 Aug 1975, bud, S . Mori 8004 (MO photo!, MEXU photo!, NY!, PMA photo!); San Blas, trail from end of road past Los Altos de Pacora region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.28333/lat 9.283334)">Cerro Jefé</a>, 09°17'N, 79°17'W, 600–800 m, 20–25 Apr 1985, bud, B . Hammel &amp; G . de Nevers 13576 (GH!, MO photo!, PMA photo!); Along El Llano-Cartí road, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.0/lat 9.25)">Nussagandi</a>, 09°15'N, 79°00'W, 350 m, 21 Jul 1986, bud, G . McPherson 9768 (MO photo!, MEXU photo!, PMA photo!); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.5/lat 9.25)">Vicinity of Cerro Jefe</a>, 09°15'N, 79°30'W, 650 m, 27 Aug 1986, bud, G . McPherson 10015 (MO photo!, MEXU photo!, PMA photo!); Carretera hacia Cerro Azul, cerca del centro de Salud, 20 Jul 1996, bud, E . Montenegro 1403 (PMA photo!); alrededores de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.36667/lat 9.233334)">Cerro Jefe</a>, 09°14'N, 79°22'W, 800 m, 6 Jun 2000, bud, C . Galdames &amp; al. 4438 (MO, PMA photo!); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.36667/lat 9.2)">Cerro Jefe</a>, 09°12'N, 79°22'W, 850 m, 13 Sep 2001, bud, A . Espinosa &amp; C . Guerra 5328 (PMA photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFF1FFBDFCCEF8EEFB29FA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFF7FFBEFCCEFA0EFD26F937.text	03A0CB73FFF7FFBEFCCEFA0EFD26F937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita divaricata Maguire	<div><p>16. Tovomita divaricata Maguire in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 434. 1948. – Lectotype (designated here): Guyana, Mahdia creek, Kakaralli-Clump wallaba forest, on lateritic ironstone soil, Potaro river at 108 mile, Bartica-Potaro road, 27 Jun 1942, D. B. Fanshawe (F742) 3478 (NY [NY00579017]!; isolectotype: K [K000488511]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots and exudate not seen. Petioles 1.2–1.8 cm long, coloration not seen, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 10–17 × 3.5– 5 cm, purplish-red in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, elliptic to oblong, base decurrent, apex acuminate, sometimes straight; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–10 pairs, 10–15 mm apart from each other, forming angle c. 75° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, thinner than secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous to perpendicular; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 14 flowers, lacking terminal flower, dichasia reduced lacking central flower, ♀ not seen, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Pedicels 6–8 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, not articulated or proximally articulated, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–11 mm long, oblong, apex prolonged into truncate or retuse apex. Sepals 4, 6–11 × 4 mm, oblong, apex prolonged into truncate or retuse apex or acute, pale green; petals 4, 7.5–10 × 3.5 mm, oblong, patent, apex acute, coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens 25–30, 3–5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, coloration not seen; anthers 0.5–0.75 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers and capsules not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Maguire (1948: 435).</p><p>Distribution — Guyana (Demerara-Mahaica). Fig. 30.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — Bassett Maguire was a research- er at New York Botanical Garden from 1943 to 1971. For the lectotype of Tovomita divaricata, described in 1948, we choose the NY specimen, because it was certainly examined by him .</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita divaricata is known only by the type collection. The species can be readily distinguished from the other species by the inflorescence with reduced dichasia lacking the central flower, and oblong floral buds with the apex prolonged, and with a truncate or retuse apex. The reduced dichasia also occur in T. stylosa, a Chocó /Mesoamerican endemic species. Tovomita divaricata can be distinguished from T. stylosa by the flowers with 4 sepals and 25–30 stamens/staminodes (vs 2 sepals and 45–50 stamens/staminodes), and the leaves drying dark brown (vs greenish).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFF7FFBEFCCEFA0EFD26F937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFF4FFB0FF69F94EFE5DFCB7.text	03A0CB73FFF4FFB0FF69F94EFE5DFCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita duckei Huber	<div><p>17. Tovomita duckei Huber in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 6: 189. 1915. – Lectotype (designated here) or perhaps holotype: Brazil, [Pará, Óbidos], hab. in silvis ad fl. Cumina-mirim, 16 Dec 1906, A. Ducke 7977 (RB [RB00539002]!).</p><p>= Tovomita micrantha A. C. Sm. in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.25/lat -7.5)">Phytologia</a> 1: 123. 1935, syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, [Amazonas], terra firme near mouth of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.25/lat -7.5)">Rio Embira</a> (tributary Rio Tarauaca), basin of Rio Jurua, [07°30'S, 70°15'W], 28 Jun 1933, B. A. Krukoff 5071 (NY</p><p>[ NY00578991]!; isolectotypes: A [A00067913] !, G [G00355500] photo !, G photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots not seen; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 0.8–2.7 cm long, coloration not seen, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 10–22 × 4.5–12.3 cm, brown-orangish in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, oblong to ovate, base decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 10–15 pairs, 6–15 mm apart from each other, forming angle 50°–55° to midvein, prominent abaxially, immersed adaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 97 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 4–5 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3–4 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded to apiculate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 3–4.5 × 3–4 mm, ovate to oblong, apex rounded, greenish to pale yellow; petals 4, 2.8–3 × 1.5–1.8 mm, oblong, apex rounded, position not seen, greenish. Staminate flowers: stamens 25– 30, 1.3–3.5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 3–4.3 × 0.9–2.6 cm, 4-septate, pyriform when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, free styles c. 3 mm long, epicarp smooth, slightly verruculose, coloration not seen; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Bolivia (La Paz), Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará), Colombia (Vaupés), Peru (Loreto). Fig. 30.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — To designate the lectotype, we followed the same reasoning adopted for T. albiflora and T. caloneura, both of which were described by A. C. Smith.</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita duckei has the arrangement of secondary veins similar to that of T. guianensis; however, T. duckei has wider (4.5–12.3 cm), brown-orangish leaves in sicco (vs 1.8–7.5 cm wide, dark brown leaves in T. guianensis). The floral buds of T. duckei are small (3–4 mm long), spheroid, and with rounded apex, comparable to those of T. gracilipes, T. guianensis, and T. schomburgkii, but it can be distinguished from all of those species by the brown-orangish leaves in sicco.</p><p>Specimens examined — BOLIVIA: LA PAZ: Province Larecaja, Tuiri, near Mapiri, on left bank of Río Mapiri, 490–750 m, 12–30 Sep 1939, fr., B . A . Krukoff 10950 (A!, NY!, UC!); ibid., Copacabana (about 10 km south of Mapiri), 850–950 m, 8 Oct–15 Nov 1939, fr., B . A . Krukoff 11043 (K!, NY!, UC!) . — BRAZIL: ACRE: Brasileia, estrada para Assis Brasil km 20, 3 Nov 1980, bud, C . A. Cid &amp; al. 3119 (INPA!); Sena Madureira, estrada Manuel Urbano, Rio Caeté, 10 Sep 1978, bud, J . Lima &amp; al. 162 (INPA!); ibid., J . Ramos &amp; al. 165 (INPA!); ibid., Seringal Camaru, Rio Caeté, 18 Sep 1978, bud, J . Ramos &amp; al. 629 (INPA!); AMAZONAS: regição do Rio Madeira, Rio Canumã, 5 Nov 1957, bud, R . L . Fróes 33765 (IAN!) . — COLOMBIA: VAUPÉS: Taraira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.515&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0766667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.515/lat -1.0766667)">Estación Biológica Caparú</a>, 01°04'36"S, 69°30'54"W, 100 m, 17 Jan 2008, fr., A . Cano 58 (COAH!) . — PERU: LORETO: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.41503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.864861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.41503/lat -2.864861)">Prov. Mariscal Ramón Castilla</a>, 02°51'53.5"S, 71°24'54.1"W, 140 m, M . A . Ríos &amp; al. 523 (F photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFF4FFB0FF69F94EFE5DFCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFFAFFB0FF69FCCEFB7DFA97.text	03A0CB73FFFAFFB0FF69FCCEFB7DFA97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita eggersii Vesque, Epharmosis	<div><p>18. Tovomita eggersii Vesque, Epharmosis 3: 19. 1892. – Lectotype (designated here): Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, in silvis ad fluminem Caroni, Oct 1883, H. F. A. Eggers (ed. A. Toepffer) 1073 (K [K000488475]!; isolectotypes: G [G00355100] photo!, JE [JE00004784] photo!, M [M0112311]!, M [M0112312]!, W [no. W-1889- 0098160]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 13 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 1–1.6 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 4.2–10.5 × 1.7–5.6 cm, greenish adaxially, brownish abaxially in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, obovate to elliptic, base decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 12–18 pairs, 4–8 mm apart from each other, forming angle 70°–75° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, two per intercostal area, thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 13–16 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flower of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 5.5–7 mm long, ovoid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent. Sepals 2–4, 5.5–7 × 6–7 mm, ovate, apex apiculate to rounded, greenish; petals 4, 8–8.5 × 4.5–6.8 mm, oblong, patent, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 40–50, 4.5–6 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.8–1 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 2.3–4.3 × 1.2– 1.9 cm, 4-septate, ellipsoid when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, free styles 4–5.5 mm long, epicarp asperous, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas and styles persistent. Aril orangish-red.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Cuello (1998: fig. 227).</p><p>Distribution — Trinidad and Tobago (Arima, Couva / Tabaquite / Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro / Rio Claro, San Juan / Laventille, Sangre Grande, Tunapurma/ Piarco), Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo, Miranda, Sucre, Vargas, Yaracuy). Fig. 34.</p><p>Conservation status — Not Evaluated (NE).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — The leaves of Tovomita eggersii are also similar to those of T. umbellata, but these two species may be distinguishable when in flower and/or fruits. Tovomita eggersii presents 40–50 stamens (vs 20–35 in T. umbellata) and fruits with asperous epicarp (vs smooth in T. eggersii).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: TRINIDAD: Tunapurma / Piarco: El Tucuche trail, 2 Aug 1976, bud, C . D. Adams 14090 (NY!) . — VENEZUELA: ARAGUA: Rancho Grande, 8 Jul 1938, fl. ♂, L . Williams 10252 (A!). CARABOBO: Limite Distrito Bejuma / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.28333/lat 10.25)">Distrito Montalbán</a>, Cordillera de la Costa, 10°15'N, 68°17'W, 1 Jan 2007, fr., W . Meier &amp; N . Flauger 14198 (B!). MIRANDA: Distrito Páez, drainage of Río Guapo, Cerro Riberón, 8–10 Jun 1977, fr., G . Davidse &amp; A . C . González 13773 (NY!). SUCRE: Península de Paria, Cerro Espejo, 6 Aug 1966, bud, J . A . Steyermark &amp; M . Rabe 96058 (NY!). YARACUY: Distrito Nirgua y Distrito San Felipe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.55/lat 10.2)">Serranía Santa Maria-Cerro de La Chapa</a>, 10°12'N, 68°33'W, 30– 31 Dec 1992, fr., W . Meier 3222 (B!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFFAFFB0FF69FCCEFB7DFA97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFFAFFB1FCEBFAAEFAA2F857.text	03A0CB73FFFAFFB1FCEBFAAEFAA2F857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita fanshawei Maguire	<div><p>19. Tovomita fanshawei Maguire in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 436. 1948. – Lectotype (designated here): Guyana, Kakaralli-Clump, wallaba forest, 107 mile, Bartica-Porto road, [12 Nov 1943], D. B. Fanshawe 1456 (4192) (NY [NY00579024]!; isolectotype: K [K000488510]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 20 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1.5–3.3 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 15–22.3 × 6.5–9.5 cm, greyish adaxially and brown-orangish abaxially in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, oblong to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae present, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–10 pairs, 10– 20 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–70° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one to three per intercostal area, thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating, &lt;50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 180 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 6–8 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 4.5–6 mm long, orbicular, apex apiculate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 4.5–6 × 3–3.5 mm, ovate to oblong, apex apiculate to rounded, pale green; petals 6, 3–6 × 3–5 mm, oblong, reflexed to patent, apex rounded, greenish. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 50 stamens, 1.5–3 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 3.2–4.5 × 1.4–3 cm, 4-septate, pyriform to fusiform when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 4–7 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp purplish-red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Maguire (1948: 435).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas), French Guiana (Cayenne), Guyana (Potaro-Siparuni), Suriname (Commewijne). Fig. 34.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita fanshawei is similar to T. hopkinsii, except for the presence of calyptrate bracteoles enveloping the lateral flowers of each dichasium in T. hopkinsii . Bittrich &amp; Marinho (2016) pointed out this similarity and, in addition to the presence of the calyptrae, these authors indicated that T. fanshawei occurs in mountainous areas at northern South America, whereas T. hopkinsii occurs in lowland forests in the Amazonas river basin (Bittrich &amp; Marinho 2016).</p><p>Specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAPÁ: Rio Oiapoque, terra firme, 4 Feb 1950, fr., R. L . Fróes 25843 (IAC photo!, IAN!, NY!); ibid., Santana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.033333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.083332/lat -0.033333335)">Amazon river</a>, 00°02'S, 51°05'W, 5–10 m, 9 Jul 1950, fr., B . Maguire &amp; al. 47016 (IAN!); ibid., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.883335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.883335/lat 3.8)">Southeast of Clevelandia</a>, 03°48'N, 51°53'W, 23 Jul 1960, bud, B . Maguire &amp; al. 47111 (B!, GH!, IAN!, K!, MG!, NY!); AMAZONAS: Estrada Manaus-Caracaraí, km 60, Oct 1975, bud, D. Coêlho &amp; C . Mota 716 (INPA!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: CAYENNE: Station des Nouragues, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.7/lat 4.05)">Bassin de l’Arataye</a>, 04°03'N, 52°42'W, D. Sabatier &amp; M. F . Prévost 1958 (B!) . — SURINAME: COMMEWIJNE: In montibus, qui dicuntur Nassau, in forest near km 0.9, 19 Feb 1949, fr., J . Lanjouw &amp; J. C . Lindeman 2197 (IAN!, NY!) . — GUYANA: POTARO-SIPARUNI: Mahdia, Mahdia river, “Red Hole” <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.266667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.083332/lat 5.266667)">Mining Camp</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.266667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.083332/lat 5.266667)">Essequibo</a>, 05°16'N, 59°05'W, 20 Jul 1995, fl. ♂, A . Chanderbali 129 (M!, NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFFAFFB1FCEBFAAEFAA2F857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFF8FFB2FF69FF2EFCB7F8B7.text	03A0CB73FFF8FFB2FF69FF2EFCB7F8B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita foldatsii Cuello	<div><p>20. Tovomita foldatsii Cuello in Novon 9: 151. 1999. –</p><p>Holotype: Venezuela, Amazonas, Atures, bosque alto de tierra firme en el sector “Campamento Remo”, alto Río</p><p>Sinapo, 04°34'N, 67°18'W,</p><p>80–150 m, Jun 1989, E .</p><p>Foldats &amp; J. Velázco 9577</p><p>(PORT [PORT 46935] photo!;</p><p>isotype: MO [MO05090713]</p><p>photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 16</p><p>m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abun- Fig. 33. Distribution map of Tovomita crassidactyla (black circles) and T. xanthochlora (black stars).</p><p>dant. Petioles 2–3.5 cm long,</p><p>coloration not seen, smooth, Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; lenticels absent. Leaf blades 15–31 × 9.5–14 cm, brown- Beech 2019).</p><p>orangish in both surfaces in sicco, black dots present abaxially, coriaceous, broadly elliptic to ovate, base con- Recognition and discussion — This species was devex to decurrent, apex acuminate, sometimes with drip scribed based on fruiting specimens, and the flowers are tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate described here for the first time. Tovomita foldatsii recanals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 11–16 sembles T. macrophylla vegetatively, but it can be difpairs, 10–24 mm apart from each other, forming angle ferentiated by the 5-carpellate (vs 4-carpellate) flowers, 65°–85° to midvein, prominent abaxially, immersed smooth (vs asperous) epicarp and fruits bearing a long adaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins (2–3.8 cm long) rostrum (Fig. 35A) (vs absent). The represent, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner semblance of these two species is so evident that specithan secondary veins, distal course reticulating, c. 50 % mens of T. foldatsii were erroneously associated with the of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent type collection of T. macrophylla (see discussion under T. sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax macrophylla). Tovomita foldatsii is named was “ Tovomicyme with 5 basal branches and up to 39 flowers, with ta sp. B ” in Cuello (1998).</p><p>a terminal flower, ♀ 5-flowered cyme, lenticels absent.</p><p>Pedicels 18–25 mm long, green, distal and proximal por- Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZOtion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral NAS: Rio Negro, Rio Cueiras, Igarapé da Cachoeira, flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Flo- 22 Jun 1992, fr., S . Mori &amp; C. Gracie 22454 (CAS!, ral buds 8–15 mm long, ovoid, apex apiculate, lenticels NY!); RONDÔNIA: Basin of Rio Madeira, 1 km north absent. Sepals 4, 8–15 × 4.5–6.5 mm, ovate to oblong, of Ribeirão, road Abuña-Guajará-Mirim, 25 Jul 1963, apex rounded to apiculate, yellowish; petals 4, 12–16 × fr., G. T . Prance &amp; al. 6449 (INPA!). — COLOMBIA: 4–11 mm, oblong to lanceolate, reflexed, apex rounded, CAUCA: Piamonte, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.12639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.0233333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.12639/lat 1.0233333)">Vereda La Consolata</a>, 01°01'24"N, yellowish. Staminate flowers: stamens with 50–60 sta- 76°07'35"W, 294 m, 4 Dec 2019, fr., L . Rivera &amp; al. mens, 5–8 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, 806 (COAH!). CAQUETÁ: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.74305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2508334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.74305/lat -1.2508334)">Río Caquetá</a>, 01°15'03"S, yellowish; anthers c. 0.6 mm long, connective not seen; 69°44'35"W, 542 m, 6 Jun 2014, fr., S. B . Correa 394 pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 50–60, (COAH!). VAUPÉS: Taraira, Estación Biológica Mosiro 5–6.5 mm long, yellowish; ovary 6–7 mm long, not cos- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.504166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.08" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.504166/lat -1.08)">Itajura</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.504166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.08" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.504166/lat -1.08)">Caparú</a>, 01°04'48"S, 69°30'15"W, 18 Feb 2004, tate or lobed, 5-locular, yellowish, styles free 4–5 mm L . Clavijo &amp; Z . Cordero 387 (HUA!). — VENEZUELA: long, stigmas 5, 1.5–2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 7.2– AMAZONAS: Autana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.76667/lat 5.05)">Río Sipapo</a>, Caño Gato, 04°54'– 10.2 × 2–4 cm, 5-septate, oblong to ovoid when closed, 05°03'N, 67°34'– 67°46'W, 225 m, 18 Aug 1997, bud, A . sometimes falcate, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, Castillo 5430 (M!) .</p><p>2–3.8 cm long, usually falcate due to abortion of a seed,</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFF8FFB2FF69FF2EFCB7F8B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFFFFFB6FF43FDAEFDA3F8D7.text	03A0CB73FFFFFFB6FF43FDAEFDA3F8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita gazelii Poncy & Offroy	<div><p>22. Tovomita gazelii Poncy &amp; Offroy in Adansonia, ser. 3, 28: 114. 2006. – Holotype: French Guiana, Réserve naturelle des Montagnes de la Trinité, plateau tabulaire, 04°35'N, 53°21'W, 350 m, 10 Jul 2001, O. Poncy &amp; al. 1454 (P [P00266068]!; isotype: P [P00266067]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 18 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 1.2–5.3 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 20–25 × 5–13.8 cm, brown-greenish abaxially in sicco, dark brown adaxially in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, obovate, base concave to decurrent, apex convex to rounded; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 6–8 pairs, 10–30 mm apart from each other, forming angle 50°–60° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins usually absent, rarely one per intercostal area, thinner than secondary veins, &lt;50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ congested cyme with 3 dichasia and up to 9 flowers, ♀ single flower, sometimes covered by a broad calyptra c. 2 cm long, lenticels absent. Pedicels 27–30 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, not articulated or proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, lenticels absent. Floral buds 7–18 mm long, ovoid, apex apiculate, slightly woody, blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 15–20 × 9–25 mm, obdeltate to oblong, outer ones slightly woody, apex rounded, greenish; petals 6, 16–20 × 7–25 mm, oblong, deflexed, apex rounded, greenish-white becoming purplish-red when senescent. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 100, 3–5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, yellow; anthers c. 0.8 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 60–75, 3–3.5 mm long, yellow; ovary 8–10 mm long, not costate or lobed, rugulate, 5–6(–7)-locular, coloration not seen, stigmas 5–6(–7), sessile, 6.5–11 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 6–10 × 4.6 cm, 5–6(–7)-septate, spheroid when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, epicarp with woody protuberances, projections 11(–18) mm, transversely striate, conic, base quadrangular, woody when immature and mature, mesocarp pink to reddish; sepals, petals, and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 39, 40.</p><p>Distribution — French Guiana (Montsinéry-Tonnegran- de, Saint-Élie, Saül, Sinnamary), Guyana (Cuyuni-Mazaruni), Suriname (Sipaliwini). Fig. 34.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita gazelii is undoubtedly the most unique species of the genus, and its placement in Tovomita was confirmed by Marinho &amp; al. (2019a). It can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the epicarp with woody protuberances up to 18 mm long (Fig. 39I). When sterile, T. gazelii can be recognized by the leaves with few pairs of secondary veins (6–8) and percurrent tertiary veins (Fig. 39A, 40B).</p><p>Poncy &amp; Offroy (2006) described the petals of Tovomita gazelii as “dark red”; however, the NY specimen Sabatier 3576 reports that sepals are green, while petals are greenish-white, and the stamens (staminodes) and stigmas are pale yellow. This information was confirmed from field photographs of specimens with newly opened (Fig. 40E) and senescent (Fig. 40H) flowers in the same individual. However, it is common that senescent petals of Tovomita darken brownish (see Fig. 37F, G, for T. fructipendula) and, in some cases, purplish-red.</p><p>Selected specimens examined — FRENCH GUIANA: MONTSINÉRY-TONNEGRANDE: Commune de Montsinéry, piste de Risquetout, 10 Apr 1980, fl. ♂, Granville 3433 (NY!) . SAINT-ÉLIE: Interfluve Sinnamary / Counanama, près du camp <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.0/lat 5.3333335)">Orstom</a>, 05°20'N, 53°00'W, 24 May 1991, fr., D. Sabatier 3576 (B!, NY!) . SAÜL: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.6166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.2/lat 3.6166668)">Monts La Fumée</a>, 03°37'N, 53°12'W, 200–400 m, 7 Oct 1982, sterile, B . Boom &amp; S . Mori 1893 (NY!). SINNAMARY: piste de St Elie, pk 16, 26 Jan 1978, fl. ♀ fr., Granville 2823 (NY!). — GUYANA: CUYUNI-MAZARUNI: N bank, W branch of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.9666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.216667/lat 5.9666667)">Eping river</a>, 05°58'N, 60°13'W, 396 m, 7 Feb 1991, fr., T . McDowell &amp; A . Stobey 3946 (INPA!, K!). — SURINAME : SIPALIWINI: Central Suriname Nature Reserve, summit of first peak in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.46139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.1636112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.46139/lat 3.1636112)">Eilerts de Haan Mountain range</a>, 03°09'49"N, 56°27'41"W, 740 m, 24 Jun 2003, fr., R. J . Evans &amp; al. 3534 (MO photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFFFFFB6FF43FDAEFDA3F8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFFCFFB6FF69F86EFC5BF937.text	03A0CB73FFFCFFB6FF69F86EFC5BF937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita glazioviana Engl.	<div><p>23. Tovomita glazioviana Engl. in Martius &amp; al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 445. 1888. – Lectotype (designated by Marinho &amp; al. 2016b: 770): Brazil, “ Rio de Janeiro ”,</p><p>[ Nova Friburgo, 8 Jan 1882], A. F. M . Glaziou 13578 (P [P00093900]!; isolectotypes: F [F0074929 F] photo!, K [K000488545]!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFFCFFB6FF69F86EFC5BF937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFE2FFAAFCEBFB2EFD7EFBD7.text	03A0CB73FFE2FFAAFCEBFB2EFD7EFBD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita grandis L. Marinho	<div><p>25. Tovomita grandis L. Marinho in Willdenowia 49: 346. 2019. – Holotype: Peru, Loreto, Província Requena, swampy forest along creeks, dominated by palms (aguajal) and forest on sandy soil, 140 m, 11 Aug 1988, H. van der Werff &amp; al. 10104 (NY [NY02859715]!; isotype: MO [no. 3705235] photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 18 m tall, prop roots not seen; exudate yellowish, abundant. Petioles 4.6–5 cm long, coloration not seen, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 29.5–35.5 × 12.5–14.3 cm, dark brown in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, oblanceolate to obovate, base decurrent, apex rounded; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–9 pairs, 20–45 mm apart from each other, forming angle 30°–45° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, slightly arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins usually absent, rarely present, one per intercostal area, thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating, &lt;50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 7 basal branches and up to 94 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ not seen, lenticels absent. Pedicels 8–12 mm long, coloration not seen, distal portion slightly dilated, proximally articulat- ed in all flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 8–12 mm long, oblong, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 8–12 × 4–5 mm, oblong, apex rounded, greenish to white; petals 4, c. 16 × 6 mm, oblong, reflexed, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 45–50, 10–12 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 1–1.1 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 1.2 mm long, conic. Pistillate flowers and capsules not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho &amp; al. (2019b: 345).</p><p>Distribution — Peru (Loreto). Fig. 44.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; al. 2019b).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita grandis differs from T. longifolia and T. megantha by the angle of the secondary veins (30°–45° in T. grandis vs&gt; 45° in T. longifolia and T. megantha), intersecondary veins usually absent (vs present in T. longifolia and T. megantha), and number of stamens (45–50 in T. grandis vs&gt; 55 in T. longifolia and T. megantha). Tovomita grandis is also similar to T. speciosa, due to overall leaf morphology and robust inflorescences, but T. speciosa has more than 11 pairs of secondary veins (vs up to 9 pairs in T. grandis), and spheroid floral buds (vs oblong in T. grandis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFE2FFAAFCEBFB2EFD7EFBD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFE0FFAAFF69FB6EFBD5F917.text	03A0CB73FFE0FFAAFF69FB6EFBD5F917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita grata Sandwith	<div><p>26. Tovomita grata Sandwith in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 216. 1936. – Holotype: Guyana, Simuni creek, Rapununi river, on gravelly soil on low hill, in miscellaneous forest, Aug 1931, Davis (D152) 2143 (K [K000488509]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 0.7–2.5 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 4.5–14.5 × 2.1–7 cm, greenish adaxially and brown-orangish abaxially in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, elliptic to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex rounded to acuminate; fungal spots sometimes present, papillae and lenticels absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 11–14 pairs, 4–7 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–75° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, slightly thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower or dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 10–13 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, sometimes also in central flower; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 7–11.5 mm long, ovoid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 6.5–9 × 5.5–8 mm, ovate to oblong, apex rounded to apiculate, green; petals 4, 7.2–12 × 3–4 mm, oblong, inner ones strongly patent, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 55–60, 4.2–7 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers c. 1 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode conic. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 45–55, 4–4.5 mm long, white; ovary 3–5 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, white, styles 2–3.5 mm long, stigmas 4, 1.8–2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 4–5.2 × 2–2.5 cm, 4-septate, pyriform to turbinate when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 5–7 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Guyana (Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica), Suriname (Sipaliwini), Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 44.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita grata is very similar to T. umbellata, due to the number of secondary veins (11–14 vs 10–16 pairs, forming angle 65°–75° to the midvein). Tovomita grata can be distinguished from T. umbellata by the inflorescence arrangement (cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers vs cyme with 5 basal branches and up to c. 150 flowers in T. umbellata), and floral buds size (7–11.5 mm vs 5.5–7 mm long in T. umbellata). Tovomita grata is also similar to T. eggersii, but the fruit epicarp in T. eggersii is asperous (vs smooth in T. grata).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, Mar 1997, fr., J. E. L. S . Ribeiro &amp; E. C . Pereira 1882 (GH!, INPA!, NY!) . PARÁ: Oriximiná, Porto Trombetas, 8 Nov 1985, bud fl. ♀, M. S . Mensandro 66 (CVRD!) . RORAIMA: Serra dos Surucucus, 02°42–47' N, 63°33–36'W, 19 Feb 1969, fl. ♀, G. T . Prance &amp; al. 10106 (INPA!) . — GUYANA: Groete creek, lower Essequibo river, 21 Jun 1944, fl. ♀ fr., F1985 or 4721 (A!, NY!, P!). — SURINAME: SIPALIWINI: Sectie 0, heuvel km 69, Feb 1944, Stahel 165 (A!, B!, IAN!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Caño Marieta, 3 Mar 1976, sterile, Colchester 2284 (K!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFE0FFAAFF69FB6EFBD5F917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFE0FFADFCEBF92EFEF2F957.text	03A0CB73FFE0FFADFCEBF92EFEF2F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane	<div><p>27. Tovomita guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 957.</p><p>1775. – Lectotype (designated by Marinho &amp; al. 2016b:</p><p>759) or perhaps holotype: French Guiana, Cayenne, J . B .</p><p>C. F. Aublet s.n. (BM [BM000047393] photo!).</p><p>= Tovomita brevistaminea Engl. in Martius &amp; al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 446. 1888. – Lectotype (designated by Marinho &amp; al. 2016b: 766) or perhaps holotype: Guyana, “ad ripas fluvii Pomeroon”, [1844], R. H. Schomburgk 1401 (K [K000488543]!).</p><p>=</p><p>= Tovomita jenmanii Engl. in Martius &amp; al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 447. 1888. – Holotype: Guyana, “ad fluvium Mazaruni”, s.dat., G. S. Jenman 659 (K [K000488542]!).</p><p>Tovomita triflora Huber in Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 3: 436. 1902. – Lectotype (designated by Marinho &amp; al. 2016b: 766): Brazil, Pará, [Ilha do Marajó], “Aramá, beira do rio”, J. Huber s.n. (MG [MG001868]!; isolectotypes: F [F0074933 F] photo!, F [F0074934 F] photo!, MG [MG002238]!, RB [RB00539010]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 12 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellowish, scarce. Petioles 1–3 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 5.5–24 × 1.8–7.5 cm, purplish-red in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, elliptic to oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 11–15 pairs, 3–7 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–75° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, slightly arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, thinner than secondary veins, parallel to major secondary veins,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme 3(–5) basal branches and up to 19 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 7–17 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulat- ed on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 4–5 mm long, spheroid, apex round- ed, lenticels absent. Sepals 2–4, 4–7.5 × 4–5 mm, circular, apex rounded, green to pale yellow; petals 4, 4–6.5 × 3–4.5 mm, orbicular to elliptic, deflexed, apex acute, pale yellow. Staminate flowers: stamens 15–20, 2–4 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments subclavate, yellow; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 0.8–0.9 mm long, conic, yellow. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 16–20, 1.8–3.1 mm long, white; ovary c. 4 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, yellow, stigmas 4, sessile, c. 1.3 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 1.8–2.4 × 1.2–2 cm, 4-septate, spheroid when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 3–7 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp reddish; sepals and petals caducous, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 45.</p><p>Iconography — Illustrations available in Cuello (1998: 319), and Marinho &amp; al. (2016b: 760).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Bahia, Maranhão, Pará, Pernambuco), French Guiana (Kourou, Maripasoula, Saint-Elié, Saul, Sinnamary), Guyana (Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazazruni, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Upper Demerara-Berbice), Suriname (Sipaliwini), Venezuela</p><p>(Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuru, Guárico, Monagas). Fig. 46.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — Specimens of Tovomita guianensis from the Atlantic forest in Brazil were for a long time labelled as T. brevistaminea (Marinho &amp; al. 2016b). The similarity between these two species was pointed out by Cuello (1998), who indicated both as synonyms but maintained the more recent combination, T. brevistaminea, as the name in use. Specimens from French Guiana have the stamens c. 2 mm longer (Fig. 45F) than those from the Atlantic forest specimens (Fig. 45E), but we consider that this feature is not sufficient evidence to treat them as distinct species.</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Flowers with yellow stamens are not common in Tovomita, where most species have flowers with white stamens/staminodes. Tovomita guianensis has short subclavate stamens (up to 4 mm long, Fig. 45C) that are comparable to those of T. gracilipes (Fig. 43C), T. hopkinsii (Fig. 47D), T. leucantha (Fig. 55D), and T. salimenae (&lt;3 mm long); however, these species have white petals and stamens, while in T. guianensis the petals and stamens are yellow. Moreover, T. guianensis can be recognized in herbaria by the leaf blades drying purplish-red and spheroid floral buds (Fig. 45B).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ALAGOAS: Ibateguara, Coimbra, 25 Sep 2002, bud, M . Oliveira &amp; A . A . Grilo 1104 (HUEFS!, IPA!, MAC!, UEC!, UFP!, UFRN!) . AMAPÁ: Igarapé Ponta-Narri, 8 Oct 1949, fl. ♂, G . A . Black 49-8489 (IAN!, NY!) . BAHIA: Una, REBIO de Una, 20 Jun 2013, fl. ♀, L . C . Marinho &amp; al. 456 (CEPEC!, HUEFS!) . MARANHÃO: São Luís, estrada que vai do Rio Anil para a Maioba, 10 Jan 1949, fr., R . L . Fróes 25649 (NY!). PARÁ : Belém, 7 km NE of Instituto Agronômico do Norte, near Catu, 24 Sep 1942, fr., M . B . Silva 101 (IAN!) . PERNAMBUCO: Igarassu, Usina São José, 12 Oct 2013, fl. ♂, L . C . Marinho &amp; al. 482 (CEPEC!, HUEFS!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: KOUROU: Fleuve Kourou à environ 1.700 KM en amont de la Crique Couy, 19 Sep 1967, bud, B-1336 (P!). MARIPASOULA: Montagne Bellevue de l’Inini, 29 Aug 1985, bud, J . J . de Granville &amp; al. 7895 (B!). SAINT-ELIÉ: Montagne de La Trinité, sommet NE , in high forest on top of “table mountain”, 550 m, 31 Jan 1984, fr., J . J . de Granville 6403 (B!). SAÜL : along Botany trail 25–50 km northeast of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.216667/lat 3.65)">Les Eaux Claires</a> resort, 03°39'N, 53°13'W, 16 Sep 1995, fr., L . R . Phillippe &amp; al. 26899 (NY!). SINNAMARY: route de St Elie, près du camp 2, 16 Jul 1977, fl., C . Sastre 5473 (P!) . — GUYANA: BARIMA-WAINI: Barima river 12 mi E of Arakaka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.916668/lat 7.616667)">Tenapu creek</a>, 07°37'N, 59°55'W, 28–30 m, 27 Jul 1986, fl. ♀, J . J . Pipoly &amp; H . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.066666/lat 5.4666667)">Lall</a> 8109 (B!). CUYUNI-MAZAZRUNI: Ayanganna plateau, 05°28'N, 60°04'W, 550–650 m, 3 Mar 1987, fl. ♂, J . J . Pipoly &amp; al. 10954 (B!) . POMEROON-SUPENAAM: Pomeroon river 17–24 Dec 1922, J . S . de La Cruz 3174 (GH!, UC!) . UPPER DEMERARA-BERBICE: Labbakabra Ck. Tiger Ck., Essequibo river, 27 Aug 1937, fl. ♂, N . Y . Sandwith 1217 (B!) . — SURINAME: SIPALIWINI: area of Kabalebo dam project, distr . Nickerie, 5 Nov 1981, sterile, J . C . Lindeman &amp; A . C . de Roon 770 (NY!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: estación experimental de Sta. Bárbara del Orinoco, 26 Feb – 2 Mar 1976, ste, P . Berry &amp; L . Chesney 2077 (NY!) . BOLÍVAR: San Pedro de las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.9833336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.983334/lat 6.9833336)">Dos Bocas</a>, 06°59'N, 62°59'W, 200 m, 24 Jul 1978, bud, R . Liesner &amp; A . C . González 5550 (NY!). DELTA AMA- CURO : north of village of Morichito, May 1997, bud, W . Wilbert &amp; al. 159 (K!, NY!) . GUÁRICO: carretera Sta. Teresa-Altagracia de Orituco, 600–700 m, Jun 1953, fr., L . Aritesguieta 1769 (NY!) . MONAGAS: El Encatado, orilla Río Caripito, 21 Apr 1959, sterile, J . J . Buza Bu /409 (K!, NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFE0FFADFCEBF92EFEF2F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFE7FFAFFF43F8EEFD59FED7.text	03A0CB73FFE7FFAFFF43F8EEFD59FED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita hopkinsii Bittrich & L. Marinho	<div><p>28. Tovomita hopkinsii Bittrich &amp; L. Marinho in Brittonia 68: 423. 2016 ≡ Dystovomita brasiliensis D’Arcy in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 694. 1979 [non Tovomita brasiliensis (Mart.) Walp. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 392. 1842]. – Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, basin of creek Belem, tierra firma, high forest, 26 Oct–11 Dec 1936, B. A. Krukoff 8714 (MO</p><p>[MO1594045] photo!; isotypes: A!, BR photo!, F photo!, K!, NY [NY01416676]!, P [P 05062415]!, US photo!, US photo !).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 25 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 3–4.5 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 18.5– 27 × 9–16 cm, dark brown adaxially and brown-orangish abaxially in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, elliptic to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex rounded, rarely acuminate; covered by papillae abaxially with ferruginous aspect in sicco, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 12–14 pairs, 8–22 mm apart from each other, forming angle 55°–65° to midvein, arcuate near margin, major secondary spacing irregular; intersecondary absent; tertiary veins inconspicuous in vivo, percurrent convex in sicco; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme 4 basal branches and up to 109 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 60 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 3–12 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated and enveloped by calyptra on lateral flowers of dichasia; lenticels absent. Floral buds 4–8 mm long, spheroid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 4–8 × 3.5–7 mm, circular to ovate, apex apiculate, green; petals 4, 8.5–10 × 4.5–5 mm, oblong, inner ones strongly patent, apex rounded, yellowish-white. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 70 stamens, 1–3 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, yellowish-white; anthers 0.4–0.6 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode conic, yellow. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 70, 2.5–3 mm long; ovary c. 2.5 mm long, slightly lobed, 4-locular, coloration not seen, stigmas 4, sessile, 3.5–4.5 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.4–5.8 × 1.6–2.2 cm, 4-septate, fusiform when closed, slightly lobed, rostrum present, 2–3 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature, mature not seen, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen. Fig. 47.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Bittrich &amp; Marinho (2016: 424).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Pará). Fig. 48. Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita hopkinsii can be easily recognized by the elliptic to obovate leaves with a rounded or rarely acuminate apex (Fig. 47A). The abaxial surface of the leaves are opaque and greyish in vivo (Fig. 47B) and ferruginous in sicco (Fig. 13G), resembling those of T. vismiifolia, with which it shares leaf papillae. It can be distinguished from T. vismiifolia by the number of secondary veins (12–14 vs 6–7 pairs), and from T. fanshawei by the presence (vs absence) of connate bracteoles forming a calyptra in the lateral flowers of the dichasia.</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.8833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.966667/lat 2.8833332)">Manaus</a>, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'N, 59°58'W, 10 May 1994, fl. ♂, A . Vicentini &amp; al. 526 (INPA!, K!). PARÁ : Rio Trombetas, flanco do planalto Saracá, 27 May 1978, bud, N. T . Silva &amp; M. R . Santos 4661 (MG!, NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFE7FFAFFF43F8EEFD59FED7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFE5FFAFFF43FE6EFC2AFB77.text	03A0CB73FFE5FFAFFF43FE6EFC2AFB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita iaspidis L. Marinho & Amorim	<div><p>29. Tovomita iaspidis L. Marinho &amp; Amorim in Phytotaxa 207: 194. 2015. – Holotype: Brazil, Bahia, Almadina, Serra do Corcovado / São Domingos, em área aberta no alto da serra (trilha do Carvoeiro), 25 Jan 2014, L. C. Marinho &amp; al. 620 (CEPEC [no. 140855]!; isotypes: HUEFS [HUEFS000002488]!, RB [RB01035747]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 10 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellowish, abundant. Petioles 0.6– 1 cm long, green or reddish, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 3.4–11.5 × 1.2–5.2 cm, greenish in sicco, sometimes purplish-red adaxially in vivo, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, oblong to oblanceolate, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–15 pairs, 2–5 mm apart from each oth- er, forming angle 55°–60° to midvein, immersed in both surfaces, arcuate near margin, inconspicuous in vivo; intersecondary veins present, inconspicuous in vivo, one per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ not seen, lenticels absent. Pedicels 11–17 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, lenticels absent. Floral buds 4–6 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 5.5–7 × 4–5 mm, circular to oblong, apex rounded, green; petals 4, 8–8.5 × 4–5.5 mm, oblong, patent, apex rounded, greenish to white. Staminate flowers: stamens 40–45, 4–5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.5–0.8 mm long, orangish, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 20–25 mm long, conic to botuliform, reddish. Pistillate flowers and capsules not seen. Fig. 49.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Bahia). Fig. 50.</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita iaspidis is known only from staminate specimens, which bear a reddish pistillode (Fig. 49F) that promptly distinguishes it from other species of Tovomita, including the most morphologically similar species, T. glazioviana, in which the pistillode has the same coloration as the stamens.</p><p>Specimens examined — BRAZIL: BAHIA: Almadina, Serra do Corcovado / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.583332/lat -14.683333)">São Domingos</a>, acesso pela fazenda <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.583332/lat -14.683333)">Aleluia</a>, 14°41'S, 39°35'W, 2 Jul 2014, sterile, L. C . Marinho &amp; al. 841 (CEPEC!); Wenceslau Guimarães, estrada de acesso ao Parque Estadual de Wenceslau Guimarães, c. 6 km a partir da BR 101 , 13°34'49"S; 39°42'17"W, 5 Jul 2014, sterile, A. M . Amorim &amp; al. 8689 (CEPEC!, HUEFS!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFE5FFAFFF43FE6EFC2AFB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFE5FFA1FCCEFB0EFADBFB57.text	03A0CB73FFE5FFA1FCCEFB0EFADBFB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita iuruensis L. Marinho 2025	<div><p>30. Tovomita iuruensis L. Marinho, sp. nov. – Fig. 51.</p><p>Holotype: Brazil, Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Reserva Extrativista do Alto Rio Juruá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.683334/lat -9.2)">Seringal São João</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.683334/lat -9.2)">Colocação Tapaúna</a>, 09°12'S, 72°41'W, moist terra firme forest on tertiary sediments, terrain hilly, dissected by deep, narrow stream beds, 14 Mar 1992, fl. ♂, D. C. Daly &amp; al. 7414 (INPA [no. 176381]!; isotypes: MO [MO101048803], NY [NY02878130]!, UFACPZ [no. 4892]).</p><p>Suggested vernacular name — sapateiro-do-acre (Brazil).</p><p>Diagnosis — Tovomita iuruensis is similar to T. foldatsii, from which it can be distinguished by 7–8 (vs 11–16) pairs of secondary veins, lax inflorescence with up to 80 flowers (vs up to 39 flowers in T. foldatsii), and smaller floral buds (4.5–6 vs 8–15 mm long in T. foldatsii).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 12 m tall, prop roots not seen; exudate yellow, abundant. Petiole 2.3–3.1 cm long, smooth, coloration not seen, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9.5–19 × 2.6–8.2 cm, copper-coloured in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, broadly elliptic to oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex convex to acuminate; papillae, fungal spots and lenticels absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 7–8 pairs, 15–31 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–65° to midvein, slightly prominent adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, two or rarely three per intercostal area, thinner than secondary ones, almost connecting to major secondaries, &lt;50 % of subjacent secondary; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 80 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ not seen, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Pedicel 7.5–12 mm long, coloration not seen, distal portion thin, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae absent, lenticels absent. Floral buds 4.5–6 mm long, ovoid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 5.5–6.5 × 3–3.5 mm, ovate to oblong, apex apiculate to acute, coloration not seen; petals 4, 5–7.3 × 2.8–3.5 mm, oblong, apex rounded, deflexed, white. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 45, 4–5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers c. 0.6 mm long; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers and capsules not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Acre). Tovomita iuruensis occurs in terra-firme forest. The species is known only from two collections in Cruzeiro do Sul municipality, Acre state. Possibly the species also occurs in Peru. Fig. 52.</p><p>Suggested conservation status — We assessed the conservation status of the species as Data Deficient (DD), as the species is so far known only from two localities at the same municipality.</p><p>Etymology — The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the species, the Juruá river basin. Juruá comes from Iuruá, which in Guarani language means “river with a wide mouth”.</p><p>Fig. 46. Distribution map of Tovomita guianensis – Amazon Basin (light grey), Atlantic forest</p><p>(dark grey), Guiana Shield (dark grey striped). Recognition and discussion — The most distinctive feature Description — Shrubs or trees up to 15 m tall, prop of Tovomita iuruensis is the lax inflorescence with many roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles flowers (Fig. 51), which is common to T. umbellata . The 1.1–1.4 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf new species can be differentiated from T. umbellata by the blades 6.6–29.2 × 2.1–9.6 cm, dark brown to coppernumber of secondary veins (7–8 pairs [Fig. 13I] vs 10–16 coloured in sicco, chartaceous, elliptic, base decurrent, pairs in T. umbellata [Fig. 14Q]). Tovomita iuruensis is apex acuminate; young leaves abaxially covered with also morphologically similar to T. foldatsii and T. macro- papillae, ferruginous in sicco; lenticels and fungal spots phylla due to the large leaves and ovoid floral buds with an absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secapiculate apex; from these two species it can also be dis- ondary veins 6–7(–12) pairs, 8–35 mm apart from each tinguished by the number of secondary veins (7–8 pairs vs other, forming angle 50°–60° to midvein, immersed 11–16 pairs in T. foldatsii [Fig. 12T] and 10–11(–18) pairs in both surfaces, arcuate and connecting to secondary in T. macrophylla [Fig. 13O]), and the lax inflorescence ones; intersecondary veins present, one or two per inwith up to 80 flowers (vs up to 39 flowers in T. foldatsii tercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, dis- and up to 45 flowers in T. macrophylla). Moreover, the tal course reticulating,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary floral buds of T. iuruensis are considerably smaller than length; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intrathose of T. foldatsii (4.5–6 mm long vs 8–15 mm long). marginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme 3 or</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFE5FFA1FCCEFB0EFADBFB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFE8FFA3FC94FA0EFBE9FAD7.text	03A0CB73FFE8FFA3FC94FA0EFBE9FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita leptostemon L. Marinho & Demarchi 2025	<div><p>32. Tovomita leptostemon L. Marinho &amp; Demarchi, sp. nov. – Fig. 54.</p><p>Holotype: Brazil, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.0/lat -1.0)">Amazonas</a>, Presidente Figueiredo, Rebio Uatumã, 01°00'S, 59°00'W, 29 Sep 2008, S. Sakagawa &amp; J. R. M. Ferreira 514 (INPA [INPA0108520]!; isotype: UEC [UEC106452]!).</p><p>Suggested vernacular name — sapateiro-do-uatumã (Brazil).</p><p>Diagnosis — Tovomita leptostemon is vegetatively similar to T. umbellata, but its flowers resemble those from T. vismiifolia . Tovomita leptostemon can be differentiated from T. umbellata by oblong floral bud (vs ovoid) and filiform-terete stamens (Fig. 8U vs terete, Fig. 8W); and from T. vismiifolia by number of secondary veins (c. 13 pairs vs 6–7 pairs in T. vismiifolia) and absence of papillae (vs presence in T. vismiifolia).</p><p>Description — Trees 22 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate not seen. Petioles 11.4–17 mm long, slightly canaliculate, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 4.4–12.5 × 2.1– 5.4 cm, greenish adaxially and brown-brownish abaxially in sicco, fungal black dots absent, subcoriaceous, oblong to obovate, base attenuated, apex acute, slightly apiculate, margin entire, slightly revolute, exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation brochidodromous, midvein prominent on both surfaces, more so abaxially, secondary veins c. 13 pairs, 2.5–4 mm apart, forming an angle 75–80° to midvein, slightly prominent adaxially, prominent abaxially; intersecondary veins present, one or rarely two per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondaries and reticulating near margin, visible only abaxially in sicco; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 15 flowers, terminal flower not identified, ♀ not seen. Pedicel 8.4–10.1 mm long, brownish in sicco, proximally articulated in lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae absent. Floral buds 6.4–8.6 × 3.3– 4.7 mm, oblong, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 2, 8.4–8.6 × 4–4.2 mm, oblong, apex rounded, green; petals 4, 8.2–8.4 × 3.5–3.8 mm, oblong, reflexed, apex obtuse to acute. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 80, 5–7 mm long, slightly heterodynamous; filaments filiform-terete, white; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm long, slightly wider than filaments, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers and capsules not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Vaupés). Fig. 52.</p><p>Suggested conservation status — Tovomita leptostemon occurs in conservation unit areas in both localities from which it is known. Nevertheless, we assessed the conservation status of the species as Data Deficient (DD), since we do not know the real distribution and threats of the species.</p><p>Etymology — The specific epithet refers to the stamens with filiform-terete filaments. It is a noun in apposition, derived from the Greek λεπτός (leptos), thin, and στήμων (stemon), thread.</p><p>Recognition and discussion — The leaves of Tovomita leptostemon are similar to those of T. umbellata due to the coloration in sicco (i.e. brown-brownish abaxially) and number of secondary veins (10–16 in T. umbellata). They can be easily differentiated by the shape of the floral bud (oblong [Fig. 54C] vs ovoid in T. umbellata) and stamens (filiform-terete [Fig. 54D, E] vs terete in T. umbellata). The combination of oblong floral buds with rounded apex and filiform-terete stamens is only present in T. vismiifolia, from which it can be differentiated by the number of secondary veins (c. 13 pairs [Fig. 13K] vs 6–7 pairs in T. vismiifolia [Fig. 14R]) and absence of papillae (vs presence in T. vismiifolia [Fig. 14R]).</p><p>Additional specimens examined — COLOMBIA: VAUPÉS: Estación Biológica Caparú, sur oriente del departamento del Vaupés, limites com el departamento Amazonas y la <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.53333/lat -1.0833334)">República de Brasil</a>, 01°05'S, 69°32'W, 200 m, Dec 1996, fl. ♂, E . Palacios &amp; A . Rodríguez 286 (COAH!); Taraira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.51028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.0775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.51028/lat -0.0775)">Reserva Natural Mosiro-Itajura Caparú</a>, 00°04'39"S, 68°30'37"W, 99 m, 17 Nov 2010, bud, M. N . Uamña &amp; A. B . Hurtado 79 (COAH!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFE8FFA3FC94FA0EFBE9FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFE9FFA5FCCEFA6EFD10FCF7.text	03A0CB73FFE9FFA5FCCEFA6EFD10FCF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita leucantha (Schltdl.) Planch. & Triana	<div><p>33. Tovomita leucantha (Schltdl.) Planch. &amp; Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, 14: 278. 1860 ≡ Clusia leucantha Schltdl. in Linnaea 8: 186. 1833. – Holotype: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, “in saxosis umbrosis montosisque pr. Rio de Janeiro ”, [Nov 1829], J. Lhotzky 18 (LE photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 13 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 1.3–5 cm long, green or reddish, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 6.5–21 × 3–10.5 cm, generally greyish in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, obovate to oblong, base decurrent, apex rounded, sometimes retuse; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 22–40 pairs, 1.8–3 mm apart from each other, forming angle 50°–75° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 12–30 mm long, green or reddish, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–7 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 9.5–15 × 6.5–12 mm, circular to oblong, apex rounded, green; petals 4–6, 11–20 × 6–11 mm, oblanceolate to oblong, deflexed, apex round- ed, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 60–70, 1.5–2 mm long, isodynamous; filaments subclavate, white; anthers c. 0.5 mm long, yellow, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 60–70, 1.5–2 mm long, white; ovary c. 4 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, yellow, stigmas 4, sessile, c. 1.5 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 2.5–4 × 2.5 cm, 4-septate, spheroid when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 3–6 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature and mature, mesocarp greenish becoming reddish; sepals, petals, and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange to reddish. Fig. 55.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Engler (1888: 99).</p><p>Distribution — Endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro states). Fig. 50.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita leucantha can be easily recognized when sterile by the obovate leaves with the apex generally rounded or retuse. Also, the species is characterized by short subclavate stamens, which, among Atlantic forest species of the genus, are similar only to those of T. guianensis and T. salimenae, from which it can be differentiated when sterile by the greyish leaf blades in sicco (Fig. 13L) and 22–40 pairs of secondary veins (vs greenish or purplish-red, with 11–15 pairs of secondary veins in T. guianensis and T. salimenae).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO: Ibiratama, 25 Oct 2012, fr., T . B . Flores &amp; O . R . Campos 1562 (RB!) ; MINAS GERAIS: Marliéria, 7 May 1998, sterile, M . G . Bovini &amp; al. 1369 (RB!); RIO DE JANEIRO: Rio de Janeiro, Parque Municipal Ecológico da Prainha, 29 Oct 2003, bud, J . M . A. Braga &amp; al. 7224 (RB!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFE9FFA5FCCEFA6EFD10FCF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFEFFFA6FF43FC8EFB97FB17.text	03A0CB73FFEFFFA6FF43FC8EFB97FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita longifolia (Rich.) Hochr.	<div><p>34. Tovomita longifolia (Rich.) Hochr. in Annuaire Con-</p><p>serv. Jard. Bot. Genève 21: 66. 1919 ≡ Clusia longifolia Rich. in Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 113. 1792 ≡</p><p>Tovomita richardiana Planch. &amp; Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat.,</p><p>Bot., ser. 4, 14: 273. 1860, nom. illeg. superfl. ≡ Micranthera clusioides Choisy, Mém. Nouv. Gen. Guttif.: 15.</p><p>1823, nom. illeg. superfl. – Lectotype (designated by</p><p>Marinho &amp; al. 2016b: 771): French Guiana, s.dat., Le-</p><p>blond [34] ( G [G00355740] photo!; isolectotypes: MPU</p><p>[ MPU014282] photo!, P [P 05061606] !).</p><p>= Tovomita choisyana Planch. &amp; Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, 14: 281. 1860. – Lectotype (designated by Marinho &amp; al. 2016b: 769): French Guiana, [Cayenne], s.dat., anonymous s.n. (G [G00210642] photo!; isolectotype: G [G00210645] photo!).</p><p>= Tovomita bahiensis Engl. in Martius &amp; al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 455. 1888. – Lectotype (designated by Marinho &amp; al. 2016b: 769): Brazil, “ Bahia, in silvis ad Ilheos”, s.dat., B. Luschnath s.n. (BR [BR000008676894] photo!; isolectotypes: BR [BR000008676948] photo!, BR [BR000008676542] photo!, BR [BR000008676863 photo!).</p><p>= Tovomita melinonii Vesque, Epharmosis 3: 20. 1892, syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated here): French Guiana, herbier de la Guyane franchise, 1865, E. M. Mélinon s.n. (P [P00093864!]; isolectotype: P [P00093865]!).</p><p>= Tovomita excelsa Andrade-Lima &amp; G. Mariz in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101: 367. 1974. – Holotype: Brazil, Alagoas, São Miguel dos Campos, 24 Nov 1967, D. Andrade-Lima 67/5146 (IPA [no. 16342] seen as a loan at UFP!; isotypes: NY [NY00076044]!, UFP [no. 01439]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 2.3–4.5 cm long, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 14.5–33 × 5–13 cm, greenish in sicco and in vivo, subcoriaceous, black dots absent, oblong to rarely obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex straight to convex; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals immersed, inconspicuous adaxially, as blackish lines on abaxial surface in sicco, parallel to secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 7–11 pairs, 15–55 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–75° to midvein, prominent abaxially, immersed adaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, two or more per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course basiflexed,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ frequently congested cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 17 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 7–20 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 9–15 mm long, oblong to ovoid, apex rounded to apiculate, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 9–15 × 8–11 mm, ovate to oblong, apex rounded, greenish; petals 6–8, 10–15 × 4–6 mm, elliptic to oblong, reflexed, apex acute to obtuse, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 55–75, 6–13 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.5–1 mm long, white, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 50–75, 6.5–7 mm long, white; ovary 7–8 mm long, not costate, 5-locular, white, stigmas 5, sessile, 1.3–1.7 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.8–5.3 × 1.7–4.2 cm, 5-septate, pyriform when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature, yellowish when mature, mesocarp reddish; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 56.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Choisy (1823: pl. 11–12) as Micranthera clusioides; Engler (1888: 99) as Tovomita bahiensis .</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Alagoas, Amapá, Bahia, Maranhão, Pará, Pernambuco), French Guiana (Saint-Elie, Saül), Guyana (Upper Demerara-Berbice), Suriname (Brokopondo, Para, Paramaribo). Fig. 57.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — The length of the stamens was suggested by Marinho &amp; al. (2016b) as the only relevant character to distinguish Tovomita choisyana and T. longifolia; however, the analysis of more specimens of T. choisyana across its entire geographic distribution showed that there is a large overlap in stamen length between these two species. The same observations were made by Molino &amp; al. (2022), who proposed the synonymization of T. choisyana under T. longifolia .</p><p>Until now, Tovomita longifolia was considered as the only species of Tovomita whose geographic distribution spans the three centres of diversity of the genus: Amazon, Atlantic forest, and Chocoan/southern Mesoamerican region (Marinho &amp; al. 2021). These authors pointed out that this widespread distribution should be interpreted cautiously, as morphological data then available suggested that samples of T. longifolia from this entire geographic breadth could emerge as a non-monophyletic group. Despite the absence of phylogenetic data suggesting its segregation in more than one taxon, we present below morphological evidence for the recognition of T. longifolia plus two additional Mesoamerican species, T. crassidactyla and T. xanthochlora, and one from the Atlantic forest, T. stellaris (see Table 2). Even with the description of these species, T. longifolia remains as a disjunct species occurring in Amazon and Atlantic forest (Fig. 57).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita longifolia shares with T. crassidactyla, T. grandis, T. megantha, T. obovata, T. plumieri, T. stellaris and T. xanthochlora similar vegetative characters and, in some cases, sympatric distributions. Characteristics such as floral bud apex and shape, pedicel length, shape and coloration of the stamens can be used to distinguish the species (Table 2). However, the accurate identification of sterile specimens of these taxa is very unlikely. When in sicco, the flowers are also similar, but in vivo they are quite distinctive, especially their coloration (Fig. 58). Among the species cited above, T. obovata is the most similar to T. longifolia, differing by the always obovate (vs oblong to rarely obovate) leaves and the longer (7–20 mm vs 16–43 mm long) pedicels. In fact, this group of species needs further investigations using more samples and other tools, such as morphometrics or population genetics.</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ALAGOAS: Flexeiras, Estação Ecológica de Murici, 23 Aug 2013, fl. ♂, M. C. S . Mota 12006 (MAC!) . AMAPÁ: Rio Oiapoque, 9 Jul 1960, fl. ♂, B . Maguire 47015 (NY!) . BAHIA: Reserva Biológica de Una, 28 Sep 2001, fl., L. A . Passos Jr. &amp; al. 976 (ALCB!, CEPEC!) . MARANHÃO: Morros, ramal à margem da MA 110 , 16 Jul 2022, fl. ♂, L. C . Marinho &amp; al. 1809 (MAR!) . PARÁ: Belém, Mata da Reserva Mocambo, 31 Jan 2017, sterile, L. C . Marinho &amp; al. 1240 (CEPEC!) . PERNAMBUCO: Zona da Mata, s.dat., D. P . Lima 12582 (IPA!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: SAINT-ELIE: Interfluve Sinnamary-Counamana, 27 Jul 1986, sterile, D. Sabatier &amp; M. F . Prévost 1345 (K!) . SAÜL: upland tropical moist forest, 03°38'N, 53°12'W, 220 m, 22 Jun 1988, sterile, A . Gentry &amp; al. 63094 (NY!) . — GUYANA: UPPER DEMERARA-BERBICE: Gunn’s, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.633335/lat 1.65)">Essequibo river</a>, 01°39'N, 58°38'W, 240–260 m, 2 Sep 1989, fl. ♂, M. J . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.6666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.0/lat 5.6666665)">Jansen-Jacobs</a> &amp; al. 1409 (B!); 230 km upriver from mouth, N of Kwakwani, 05°40'N, 58°00'W, 70 m, 18 Apr 1993, sterile, B . Hoffman &amp; G . Aymard 3990 (NY!) . — SURINAME: BROKOPONDO: between village Afobaka and Brownberg, 11 Jan 1966, fr., J. van Donselaar 2991 (F photo!) . PARA: Zanderij, 3 May 1922, fl. ♀, B. W . 5826 (IPA!). PARAMARIBO: Lely Mountains, 175 km SSE of Paramaribo, 500–700 m, 20 Oct 1976, fr., S . Mori &amp; A. Bolten 8553 (K!, NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFEFFFA6FF43FC8EFB97FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFECFFD8FC94FB2EFCA9F837.text	03A0CB73FFECFFD8FC94FB2EFCA9F837.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita longirostrata L. Marinho	<div><p>35. Tovomita longirostrata L. Marinho in Brittonia 70: 407. 2018. – Holotype: Brazil, Rondônia, Porto Velho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.816667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.333332/lat -8.816667)">Represa Samuel</a>, along igarapé <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.816667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.333332/lat -8.816667)">Japim</a>, c. 2 hours upstream from dam by boat, 08°49'S, 63°20'W, 18 Jun 1986, W. W. Thomas &amp; al. 5176 (NY [NY01416574]!; isotypes: INPA [no. 151606]!, MO).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 12 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 0.7–1.1 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 3.7–9.2 × 0.7–1.9 cm, brownish in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, narrowly elliptic, base decurrent, apex acuminate; young leaves covered by papillae abaxially with ferruginous aspect in sicco, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals immersed, inconspicuous adaxially, as continuous blackish lines on abaxial surface in vivo and in sicco, crossing secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 13–14 pairs, 2–4 mm apart from each other, forming angle 55°–65° to midvein, immersed abaxially, slightly prominent adaxially, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 87 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 5.5–9 mm long, green, distal portion slightly dilated, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–8 mm long, ovoid, apex rostrate, rostrum present, 2–3 mm long, curved, lenticels absent. Sepals 2, 6–7.8 × 3.5–4 mm, triangular, apex rostrate, green-yellowish exudate canals well marked; petals 4, 4.5–7 × 0.7–2 mm, linear, position not seen, apex rostrate to acute, coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 40, 4–5.3 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers c. 0.3 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 25, 2–3 mm long, white; ovary c. 1.7 mm long, not costate, slightly lobed, 4-locular, white to brownish, styles free c. 2.8 cm long, stigmas 4, 0.2–0.3 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 7–7.6 × 4.5–6 cm, 4-septate, napiform to pyriform when closed, not costate, slightly lobed, fused portion of styles forming a rostrum, c. 7 mm long, free styles portion, c. 6 mm long, epicarp asperous, lenticels present, greenish with brown marks when immature and mature, mesocarp pinkish becoming red; sepals, petals, and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril red. Fig 59.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho (2018: 408).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia). Fig. 60.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita longirostrata is morphologically similar to T. stergiosii, sharing with this species the narrowly elliptic leaf blades and ovoid floral buds. These two species can be differentiated by the long rostrate apex of the floral bud (vs mucronulate in T. stergiosii), number of stamens (c. 40 vs c. 24 in T. stergiosii), and epicarp texture (asperous [Fig. 59C] vs smooth in T. stergiosii) (see Table 1).</p><p>Specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Humaitá, estrada Humaitá – Jacarecanga, km 45, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.533333/lat -7.75)">Rio Maici-Mirim</a>, 07°45'S, 62°32'W, 19 Jun 1982, fl. ♀, L. O. A . Teixeira &amp; al. 1241 (INPA!, MG!, RB!); without municipality, BR 319, km 378 Manaus – Porto Velho road, on bank of Rio Jutaí, 15 Oct 1974, fl., G. T . Prance &amp; al. 22943 (INPA!) . RONDÔNIA: Porto Velho, Usina Hidroelétrica de Samuel, estrada paralela ao dique da margem direita, km 46, 4 Aug 1987, fl. ♂, fr., F . Dionízia &amp; al. 27 (INPA!, NY!); ibid., forest at end of right dike road, 09°05'S, 63°13'W, 13 Jun 1986, fl., W. W . Thomas &amp; al. 5080 (INPA!, NY!); Guajará-Mirim, ramal de acesso à sede do ICMBio, 20 Oct 2017, fr., I . Mendes-Silva &amp; al. s.n. (RON photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFECFFD8FC94FB2EFCA9F837	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF92FFDAFF69F84EFD57F9F7.text	03A0CB73FF92FFDAFF69F84EFD57F9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita macrophylla (Poepp.) Walp.	<div><p>36. Tovomita macrophylla (Poepp.) Walp. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 392. 1842 ≡ Marialva macrophylla Poepp.</p><p>in Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 14. 1845[1840]. – Lectotype (designated here) or perhaps holotype: Brazil, “Amazonas”, Crescit in sylvis ad Egam Brasiliae borealis, “ E. Poeppig s.n. ” (W [no. W-0051860]!). = Tovomita pyrifolia Planch. &amp; Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat.,</p><p>Bot., ser. 4, 14: 280. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): “ Brazil, Amazonas”, “Manaus”, Près de Barra,</p><p>prov. Rio Negro, région de l’Amazone, Jul 1851, R .</p><p>Spruce 1513 ( K [K000488526]!; isolectotypes: BM</p><p>[BM000047400] photo!, G [G00355518] photo!,</p><p>G [G00355528] photo!, GH [GH00067914]!, NY</p><p>[NY00578992]!, RB [RB00539006]!).</p><p>Description — Shrubs or trees up to 30 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 1.3–2.6 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9.8–27 × 4.7–16.4 cm, brown-orangish in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, oblong to ovate, base convex, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 10–11(–18) pairs, 7–18 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–65° to midvein, strongly prominent in both surfaces, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins usually absent, rarely present, one per intercostal area, thinner than secondary veins, parallel to major secondary, &lt;50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ cyme with 4 or 5 basal branches, congested after second ramification, up to 45 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ cyme 3 or 5-flowered, lenticels absent. Pedicels 1.6–4.5 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally or in middle, articulated and enveloped by calyptra on lateral flowers of dichasia, lenticels present. Floral buds 5.5– 7.5 mm long, ovoid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 5.5–7.5 × 4.5–7.5 mm, oblong to ovate, apex acute to apiculate, greenish; petals 4, 10–12.6 × 3.1–5.2 mm, oblong, reflexed, apex acute, greenish to white. Staminate flowers: stamens 40–50, 3.5–5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, white; anthers 0.8–1 mm long, white, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 40–45, 4.8–5.5 mm long; ovary c. 5.5 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, stigmas 4, sessile, c. 2.5 mm in diam., coloration not seen. Capsules fleshy, 3–4 × 3.4–3.7 cm, 4-septate, spheroid to ovoid when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, free styles, 3.7–4.5 mm long, epicarp asperous, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso), Peru (Huanuco), Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 60.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — We exclude two sheets housed at K (K000488523 and K000488524) and one at P (P00093885) from the type collection of Tovomita pyrifolia, as there seems to be the fruiting materials were apparently collected at a different date. On the sheet K000488526 on Spruce’s handwritten label is written “My last envoi contained a few fruits of this” and dated July 1851; while on the handwritten label of the fruiting specimen K000488523 dated of April 1851. In this case, the fruiting material, not described by Planchon &amp; Triana (1860) was collected about three months earlier and was not used by Planchon and Triana to describe T. pyrifolia, since this description was based only on staminate specimens. We believe that these fruits belong to T. foldatsii, as they have 5-carpellate and rostrate fruits, while in T. macrophylla the fruits are 4-carpellate and non-rostrate.</p><p>Marialva macrophylla was described by Poeppig who cited “ Crescit in sylvis ad Egam Brasiliae borealis ”. When Walpers transferred the species to Tovomita, he only cited “ Crescit in Brasilia ad Egam ”. Some specimens from K (K000488527 and K000488528) and NY (NY00073982) were recently annotated as types, but none of these bear this annotation, while Poeppig s.n. (W) bears the same writing. For the lectotype of T. macrophylla, we assigned the specimen deposited at W, following McNeill (2014) and adopting the phrase “perhaps holotype ” because duplicates of this specimen are unknown.</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita macrophylla is very similar to T. foldatsii and when sterile these two species can be hardly distinguished. However, when in fruit, T. macrophylla and T. foldatsii differ by the number of carpels (4-carpellate vs 5-carpellate in T. foldatsii) and epicarp texture (asperous vs smooth in T. foldatsii). Although these species share ovoid apiculate floral buds, those of T. macrophylla are smaller (5.5–7.5 mm long) and congested on the secondary ramification of the inflorescence (vs 8–15 mm long and not congested in T. foldatsii).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Taracuá, margem do Rio Uaupés, 1 Jun 1962, fr., J . M . Pires &amp; N . T . Silva 7927 (IAN!) . MATO GROSSO: Juína, 15 Nov 2018, sterile, J . Soares IFN-85216351.8 (UB photo!) . — PERU: HUANUCO: Prov. Pachitea, region of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.833336/lat -9.483334)">Pucallpa</a>, western part of “Sira Mountains”, 09°29'S, 74°50'W, 360 m, 23 May 1988, fr., B . Wallnöfer 11-23588 (W!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF92FFDAFF69F84EFD57F9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF90FFDAFF69F98EFBD0F917.text	03A0CB73FF90FFDAFF69F98EFBD0F917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita manauara A. M. Nobre & L. Marinho	<div><p>37. Tovomita manauara A. M. Nobre &amp; L. Marinho in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.083332/lat -2.3166666)">Phytotaxa</a> 536: 271. 2022. – Holotype: Brazil, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.083332/lat -2.3166666)">Amazonas</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.083332/lat -2.3166666)">Manaus</a>, c. 90 km N de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.083332/lat -2.3166666)">Manaus</a>, Distrito Agropecuário da Suframa, rodovia BR 174, km 72, depois 6 km oeste da BR, Fazenda Dimona, mata de terra-firme sobre latossolo amarelo, árvore n°3362, 02°19'S, 60°05'W, 50–125 m, 16 Jul 1992, M. Nee 42991 (INPA [INPA no. 175735]!; isotypes: GH!, MG!, MO, NY [NY01417188]!, UEC!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 18 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 10–20 mm long, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 4.7–14.2 × 1.9–7.1 cm, brownish-green and shiny in sicco, black dots present on both surfaces, subcoriaceous, oblong to obovate, base convex or rounded, apex acute or apiculate; fungal spots, papillae and lenticels absent; exudate canals conspicuous, parallel to secondary veins, visible only abaxially in sicco as blackish lines. Venation: secondary veins 25–36 pairs, 1–6.2 mm apart from each other, forming angle c. 70° to midvein, immersed adaxially and slightly prominent abaxially, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or rarely two per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences and flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 2.5–5.3 × 0.9– 2.4 cm, 4-septate, turbinate to napiform when closed, not costate, 4-lobed, rostrum absent, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature, mature not seen, mesocarp purplish-red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril light orange.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas). Fig. 60.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Nobre &amp; al. 2022).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Specimens of Tovomita manauara had been identified as T. caloneura due to the large number of secondary veins. These two species can be distinguished by the fruit morphology, as T. manauara has 4-septate and turbinate fruits, while in T. caloneura the fruits are 5-septate and fusiform.</p><p>Specimens examined — BRAZIL: LORETO: AMAZONAS: Manaus, estrada Manaus-Porto Velho, estrada entre o lago do Castanho e o Rio Araçá, em direção ao Careiro, 12 Jul 1972, fr., M. F . Silva &amp; al. 564 (INPA!); Distrito Agropecuário da Suframa, rodovia BR 174 , km 64, depois 23 km leste na ZF3, Fazenda Esteio, árvore n°2803, 02°23'S, 59°51'W, 27 Aug 1986, fr., M. J. R . Pereira s.n. (INPA!); c. 90 km N de Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário da Suframa, rodovia BR 174 , km 72, depois 6 km oeste da BR, Fazenda Dimona, árvore n°3362, 02°19'S, 60°05'W, 28 Jun 1989, fr., E . Palheta s.n. (INPA!, NY!); c. 90 km N de Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário da Suframa, rodovia BR 174 , km 64, depois 23 km leste na ZF3, Fazenda Esteio, árvore n°2803, 02°23'S, 59°51'W, 26 Jul 1989, fr., S. S . da Silva s.n. (INPA!, NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF90FFDAFF69F98EFBD0F917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF90FFDEFC94F92EFEB0FD57.text	03A0CB73FF90FFDEFC94F92EFEB0FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita mangle G. Mariz	<div><p>38. Tovomita mangle G. Mariz in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101: 367. 1974. – Holotype: Brazil, Pernambuco, Vicência, Eng. Jundiá, Serra da Mascarenhas, perto do Pico Indiá, 5 Jan 1967, D. Andrade-Lima &amp; al. 355/1967 (UFP [no. 23069]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellowish, scarce. Petioles 1–2.5 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9–21 × 3.4–9.7 cm, generally purplish-red in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, oblong to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–10 pairs, 6–25 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–70° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, two or more per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course basiflexed, c. 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 31 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ 5-flowered cyme, lenticels absent. Pedicels 8–16 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–11 mm long, oblong, apex mucronulate, lenticels absent. Sepals 2, 6–11 × 4–7 mm, oblong, apex mucronulate, green; petals 4–5, 7–10 × 1.4–4 mm, elliptic to linear, reflexed, apex acute-mucronulate, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 35–45, 5–6 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, yellow, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous, white. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 30–35, 5–5.6 mm long, white; ovary c. 2.8 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, white, style c. 2.2 cm long, white, stigmas 4, 0.8–1.2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 2.8–4.2 × 1.2–1.4 cm, 4-septate, pyriform to orbicular when closed, styles partially fused forming a rostrum, 3.5–4 mm long, free styles portion, 4–5.5 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp reddish; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 61.</p><p>Iconography — Illustrations available in Mariz (1974: 369, 370) and Marinho &amp; al. (2016b: 763).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco). Fig. 62.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita mangle is morphologically similar to T. divaricata, which is known only from the type locality in Guyana. Both species have 8–10 pairs of secondary veins and a purplish-red leaves in sicco. Tovomita mangle can be distinguished from T. divaricata by dichasia always with the central flower and floral buds with mucronulate apex (Fig. 61D, F) (vs dichasia lacking the central flower and floral buds prolonged into a truncate or retuse apex in T. divaricata). Other species such as T. longirostrata and T. stergiosii also have an extension in the floral bud apex, but both have more than 11 pairs (vs 8–10 pairs) of secondary veins and narrower leaf blades (0.7–2.5 cm vs 3.4–9.7 cm wide in T. mangle).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ALAGOAS: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-35.9225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.601667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -35.9225/lat -9.601667)">Pilar</a>, BR-101, entre canavial, 09°36'06"S, 35°55'21"W, 6 Apr 2002, fr., R. P . Lyra-Lemos 6532 (MAC!). AMAZONAS: Manaus, km 50 da estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, 23 Aug 1961, fr., W . Rodrigues &amp; J . Lima 2367 (INPA!) . BAHIA: Una, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.2/lat -15.383333)">Estrada de Uma</a> para Santa Luzia, 15°23'S, 39°12'W, fl. ♂, P . Fiaschi &amp; al. 1224 (CAS!, CEPEC!, SPF!, NY!) . CEARÁ: Baturité, 1860, fr., Fr. Alemão &amp; M . Cysneiros 179 (R!). Maranhão: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.833332/lat -2.45)">Itauna</a> on road to Pinheiro, 02°27'S, 44°50'W, 18 Oct 1980, fr., D. C . Daly &amp; al. D674 (HRB!, INPA!, MG!, NY!). PARÁ : Bosque Municipal, 19 Aug 1974, fr., N. T . Silva 57 (IAN!) . PARAÍBA: Santa Rita, RPPN Pacatuba, 5 Jul 2012, fr., T . Leão 948 (UFP!) . PERNAMBUCO: São Vicente Férrer, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-35.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5833335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -35.5/lat -7.5833335)">Mata do Estado</a>, 07°35'S, 35°30'W, 600 m, 28 May 1998, fl. ♀, E. M. N . Ferraz &amp; al. 317 (NY!, PEUFR!, UEC!, UFP!, UFRN!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF90FFDEFC94F92EFEB0FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF94FFDFFF69FCEEFE40FB77.text	03A0CB73FF94FFDFFF69FCEEFE40FB77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita maxima Molino & J. Engel	<div><p>39. Tovomita maxima Molino &amp; J. Engel in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.6833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.366665/lat 4.6833334)">Adansonia</a>, ser. 3, 44: 166. 2022. – Holotype: French Guiana, Montagne des Chevaux, parcelle SPP, tree SPP-624, 04°41'N, 52°22'W, fl. ♂, 11 Nov 2009, D. Sabatier &amp; Fonty 5595 (CAY [CAY112114] photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 30 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 2.6–6.5 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 12.2– 33 × 7.1–16.6 cm, greenish-brown in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, obovate to broadly elliptic, base convex to decurrent, apex rounded to convex; papillae present, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 9–15 pairs, 7–25 mm apart from each other, forming angle c. 65° to midvein, slightly prominent adaxially, prominent abaxially, slightly arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins absent; tertiary veins convex to straight; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ congested cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 20 flowers, ♀ single flower, sometimes covered by a broad calyptra, lenticels absent. Pedicels 9–34 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; lenticels absent. Floral buds 8–18 mm long, ovoid to spheroid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 6–18 × 5–16 mm, circular to ovate, apex apiculate, greenish; petals 6(–7), 5–20 × 3–11 mm, oblong, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 74–145, 4–12 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, coloration not seen; anthers c. 1 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 2–2.5 mm high. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 109, 5–8 mm long; ovary c. 10 mm long, lobed, 5-locular, styles c. 3 mm long, stigmas 5, c. 3 mm in diam., coloration not seen. Capsules fleshy, 5–6.8 × 3– 4.6 cm, 5-septate, pyriform when closed, strongly costate, rostrum absent, epicarp smooth, green when mature and immature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orangish-red. Fig. 63, 64.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas), French Guiana (Saint-Élie), Guyana (Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo). Fig. 62.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Engel &amp; al. 2022).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita maxima is similar to T. speciosa due to the large and coriaceous leaves and large floral buds. From this species, it can be distinguished by the apiculate (vs rounded) floral buds, and bracteoles forming a calyptra (vs bracteoles not forming a calyptra in T. speciosa). Tovomita gazelii also has bracteoles forming a calyptra; however, the fruits of T. gazelii are diagnostic with an epicarp ornamented by woody projections (Fig. 39I vs smooth fruits in T. maxima, Fig. 64D).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: São Paulo de Olivença, upper Rio Solimões, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.95/lat -3.5)">Estrada Bomfim</a>, 03°30'S, 68°57'W, fl. ♂, 25 Nov 1986, D. C. Daly 4430 (NY!, US photo!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: SAINT-ÉLIE: Montagnes de la Trinité, zone sud, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.35/lat 4.5666666)">Bassin de la Mana</a>, 400 m, 04°34'N, 53°21'W, fr., 15 Jan 1998, Granville &amp; Crozier 13646 (B!, P!) ; New road to Brazil ( Route de l’Est), 7 km S of bridge over Comté riv- er, c. 52 km S of Cayenne, sterile, 12. Jan 1977, Mori 8898 (P!) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.43667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.742778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.43667/lat 4.742778)">Montagne des Chevaux</a>, carrière SCC., 28 m, 04°44'34"N, 52°26'12"W, fl. ♂, 23 Dec 2008, Tostain &amp; al. 2488 (NY!, P!) . — GUYANA: UPPER TAKUTU-UPPER ESSEQUIBO: Akarai Mountains: height of land between drainage of Rio Mapuera ( Trombetas tributary) and Shodikar creek ( Essequibo tributary), 600–800 m, sterile, 19 Jan 1938, Smith 3000 (NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF94FFDFFF69FCEEFE40FB77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF95FFD0FF43FB0EFB67FB17.text	03A0CB73FF95FFD0FF43FB0EFB67FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita megantha L. Marinho & Amorim	<div><p>40. Tovomita megantha L. Marinho &amp; Amorim in Brittonia 68: 56. 2016. – Holotype: Brazil, Bahia, Itacaré, Estrada Ilhéus / Itacaré, ramal à direita na Trilha da Boa Paz, 25 Jan 2015, L. C. Marinho &amp; al. 961 (CEPEC [CEPEC00056885]!; isotypes:HUEFS [HUEFS000142635]!, HUEFS [HUEFS000276855]!, NY [NY02859377]!, RB [RB01190973]!, RB [RB01191407]!).</p><p>Suggested vernacular name — mangue-de-cheiro (Brazil).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 25 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 1–3 cm long, green or reddish, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 10.2–17.5 × 2.5–6.4 cm, copper-coloured in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, elliptic to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex rounded to straight; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals as blackish lines on abaxial surface in sicco, parallel to secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 8–12 pairs, 7–20 mm apart from each other, forming angle 40°–45° to midvein, slightly prominent adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course basiflexed but not joining subjacent secondary veins,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 25–50 mm long, green, distal portion dilated, proximally or in middle articulated in all flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 12–17 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 10–14 × 6–15 mm, orbicular to oblong, rounded to acute, green; petals 6–8, 12–18 × 6–9 mm, oblong, reflexed, apex obtuse to acute, pale yellow. Staminate flowers: stamens 60–80, 6–8 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, orangish-yellow; anthers 1–1.5 mm long, orangish, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 1.5 mm long, yellow. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 60–70, 5–7 mm long, coloration not seen; ovary 7–7.5 mm long, not costate or lobed, 5-locular, coloration not seen, stigmas 5, sessile, c. 2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.5–5.5 × 3.3–4.2 cm, 5-septate, ovoid to pyriform when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, with corky areas, mesocarp red; sepals, petals and stigmas persistent, staminodes caducous. Aril orange. Fig. 65.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho &amp; al. (2016a: 57).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Bahia). Fig. 62.</p><p>Conservation status — Critically Endangered (CR, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita megantha is sympatric and similar to T. longifolia, a widely distributed species (Fig. 58). The leaves are similar in size and number of secondary veins, however, the secondary veins in T. megantha form angles of c. 45° with the midvein (vs 65°–75° in T. longifolia). In addition, T. megantha has lax cymes, with long pedicels (25–50 mm long, Fig. 65B), and flowers with orangish-yellow stamens (Fig. 65C, D) (vs congested cymes, short pedicels up to 11 mm long, and white stamens in T. longifolia, Fig. 56E).</p><p>Specimens examined — BRAZIL: BAHIA: Itacaré, Marambaia, 1 km N and 2.5 km W of junction Marambaia road and road from BR 101 to Itacaré, 14°20'S, 39°05'W, 16 May 1992, fr., W. W . Thomas &amp; al. 9396 (NY!); Estrada de Itacaré / Taboquinhas, c. 6 km de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.0/lat -14.3)">Itacaré. Loteamento da Marambaia</a>, 14°18'S, 39°00'W, 14 Dez 1992, fl. ♀, A. M . Amorim &amp; al. 907 (CEPEC!, NY!, UEC!); Rodovia Ilhéus / Itacaré, ramal à direita na <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.029167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.33175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.029167/lat -14.33175)">Trilha da Boa Paz</a>, ramal à esquerda em direção à <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.029167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.33175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.029167/lat -14.33175)">Pousada</a> dos <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.029167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.33175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.029167/lat -14.33175)">Anjos</a>, 14°19'54.3"S, 39°01'45"W, 25 Jan 2015, fl. ♀, L. C . Marinho &amp; al. 962 (CEPEC!, HUEFS!); 16 Mar 2015, fr .,</p><p>A. M. Amorim &amp; al. 9545 (CEPEC!, FLOR!, HUEFS!, INPA!, MBM!, NY!, P!, RB!, SPF!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF95FFD0FF43FB0EFB67FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF9AFFD1FCEBFB2EFED6F897.text	03A0CB73FF9AFFD1FCEBFB2EFED6F897.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita morii Maguire	<div><p>41. Tovomita morii Maguire in Phytologia 39: 76. 1978. – Holotype: Panama, Panamá, El Llano-Cartí road, 12.7 km from Inter-American highway, 350 m, 15 Feb 1975, S. A. Mori &amp; J. Kallunki 4685 (MO [MO194882] photo!; isotypes: NY [NY00076042]!, PMA [PMA1160] photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Leaves sessile to subsessile, petioles &lt;5 mm long when present, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 18–30 × 10.6–14.6 cm, light brown in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, broadly elliptic to obovate, base cuneate, apex rounded, rarely straight; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 12– 14 pairs, 12–32 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–75° to midvein, strongly prominent abaxially, prominent adaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins absent; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 27 flowers, lacking terminal flowers, ♀ dichasium, lenticels present or not. Pedicels c. 18 mm long, green, distal portion dilated, proximally articulated or not in lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae absent, lenticels present or not. Floral buds c. 10 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 2, c. 8 × 8.5 mm, circular, apex rounded, greenish; petals 2, 8.5–12 × 8.5 mm, circular, apex rounded, greenish. Staminate flowers not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 50–60, 3–4 mm long, filaments dorsiventrally compressed, coloration not seen; ovary c. 5 mm long, 5-locular, not costate, 5-lobed; stigmas 5, sessile, c. 3.5 mm in diam., coloration not seen. Capsules fleshy, 3.9–5.1 × 2–4.5 cm, 5-septate, spheroid when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, epicarp asperous, lenticels present, green-brownish when immature and mature, mesocarp coloration not seen; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Colombia (Chocó, Valle del Cauca), Ecuador (Esmeraldas), Panama (Panamá). Fig. 66.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita morii can be easily recognized by sessile to subsessile leaves (petioles &lt;5 mm long), which are also found only in T. auriculata . These two species also share the 5-carpellate ovaries and fruits with asperous epicarp. These two species can be differentiated, even when sterile, by the broadly elliptic to obovate leaves in T. morii vs spatulate in T. auriculata, in addition to the number of secondary veins (12–14 vs 19–22 pairs in T. auriculata).</p><p>Maguire had only pistillate specimens with fruits and senescent flowers to describe Tovomita morii . The author described the species as having four sepals (the common pattern in the genus), but he did not refer to the number of petals. During the analysis of other specimens, we noticed that T. morii bears flowers with a single pair of sepals and one pair of petals, a unique feature in the genus. Unfortunately, we did not have access to a staminate specimen to confirm if this perianth pattern is also observed.</p><p>Specimens examined — COLOMBIA: CHOCÓ: Pan America Highway, c. 10 km W of Las Animas, 100 m, 12 Jan 1979, fr., A . Gentry &amp; E . Renteria A . 24073 (NY!); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.7666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.583336/lat 5.7666664)">Quibdo-Tutunendo</a> road c. 3 km W of Tutunendo, 05°46'N, 76°35'W, 8 Jan 1981, fr., A . Gentry &amp; al. 30349 (NY!); 6–10 km E of Quibdo on road to Tutunendo, 180 m, 12 Jun 1982, fl., A . Gentry &amp; J . Brand M . 36735 (NY!). VALLE DEL CAUCA: Bajo Calima, concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, 03°55'N, 77°W, 100 m, 20 Dec 1984, fr., M . Monsalve B . 654 (F photo!, NY!). — ECUADOR: ESMERALDAS: Awá Indigenous Territory, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.666664/lat 1.25)">Community of Mataje</a>, 01°15'N, 78°40'W, 225 m, 31 Oct 1994, fr., A . Ortiz &amp; al. 35 (NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF9AFFD1FCEBFB2EFED6F897	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF9BFFD2FF43F8AEFAF0F8F7.text	03A0CB73FF9BFFD2FF43F8AEFAF0F8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita nebulosa L. Marinho & Lujan	<div><p>42. Tovomita nebulosa L. Marinho &amp; Luján in Acta Amazonica 50: 326. 2020. – Holotype: Venezuela, Amazonas, Departamento Río Negro, Cerro de La Neblina Camp IV, 15 km NE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.95/lat 0.85)">Pico Phelps</a>, north branch of river in canyon, 780 m, 00°51'N, 65°57'W, 15–18 Mar</p><p>1984, R. Liesner 16670 (NY [NY02859712]!; isotypes: BRIT [BRIT554535] photo!, MO, US photo!, VEN [no. 327548] photo!) .</p><p>Description — Trees up to 3 m tall, prop roots and exudate not seen. Petioles 0.9–1.3 cm long, coloration not seen, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 4–10 × 2.6–5 cm, dark brown adaxially and light brown abaxially in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, oblong to obovate, base decurrent, apex acute to rounded, sometimes with drip tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals immersed on both surfaces, visible in thin blackish lines abaxially, parallel to secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 20–23 pairs, 2.5–3.2 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–75° to midvein, prominent on both surfaces, slightly arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, one to two per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 35 flowers, with terminal flower, lenticels absent, ♀ not seen. Pedicels 4–9 mm long, coloration not seen, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, articulated in middle in lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 5–7 mm long, narrowly oblong, apex cuspidate to slightly rostrate, lenticels absent. Sepals 2, 5–7 × 2.5–3 mm, oblong to narrowly ovate, apex cuspidate to acuminate, coloration not seen; petals 4, 3.5–6.2 × 1–1.5 mm, linear to narrowly oblong, apex acute to cuspidate, coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 20, 3.3–4.8 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, coloration not seen; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm long, coloration not seen, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 3 mm long, conic, rudimentary stigmas 4, amorphous. Pistillate flowers and capsules not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho &amp; al. (2020: 151).</p><p>Distribution — Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 66.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; al. 2020).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — The floral buds of Tovomita nebulosa become blackened in sicco, similar to those of T. carinata and T. tenuiflora . Tovomita nebulosa can be distinguished from both species by the number of stamens (c. 20 in T. nebulosa vs&gt; 45 in T. carinata and T. tenuiflora); moreover, it differs from T. tenuiflora by the number of secondary veins (&lt;23 pairs vs&gt; 35 pairs) and from T. carinata by the number of carpels (4 vs 5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF9BFFD2FF43F8AEFAF0F8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF98FFD3FC94F88EFBBEFA37.text	03A0CB73FF98FFD3FC94F88EFBBEFA37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita nervosa L. Marinho	<div><p>43. Tovomita nervosa L. Marinho in Willdenowia 49: 346. 2019. – Holotype: Venezuela, Amazonas, lower part of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.1666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.416664/lat 1.1666666)">Río Baria</a>, inundated forest along river, 01°27'– 01°10'N, 66°32'– 66°25'W, 80 m, 22–23 Jul 1984, G. Davidse 27596 (NY [NY02859716]!; isotypes: MO [MO-1593215] photo!, MO [MO-1593216] photo!, VEN).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 8 m tall, prop roots not seen; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 1.3–2.5 cm long, coloration not seen, transversely striate, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 7.6–16.8 × 3.5–7.5 cm, greenish to yellowish in sicco, black dots sparsely distributed, coriaceous, oblong to obovate, base convex, apex acuminate to rounded; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 27–30 pairs, 3–4 mm apart from each other, forming angle 70°–75° to midvein, strongly prominent in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one rarely two per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, distal course reticulating,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 27 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 9–15 mm long, coloration not seen, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated in lateral flowers of dichasia. Floral buds 8.5–12 mm long, ovoid to oblong, apex rounded to acute, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 8.5–12 × 5–6.5 mm, oblong to obovate, apex rounded to acute, greenish to white; petals 4, 12–18 × 6–9 mm, spatulate to obovate, reflexed, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 70–75, 5–7 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 1.5–1.7 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 40–45, 3.5–4 mm long, white to pale yellow; gynoecium not seen. Capsules fleshy, 1.9–2.3 × 2.2–3.5 cm, 5-septate, spheroid when closed, not costate, slightly lobed, fused portion of styles, 3–5 mm long, free styles portion, 3.5–6.5 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature, mature fruit and mesocarp coloration not seen; sepals and petals caducous, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho &amp; al. (2019b: 347).</p><p>Distribution — Colombia (Guainía), Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 66.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; al. 2019b).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita nervosa was recently described based on specimens previously identified as T. clarkii, a sympatric and closely related species. Together with T. calophyllophylla, these three species share transversely striate petioles, coriaceous to subcoriaceous leaves, and 5-carpellate ovaries. These three species differ from each other by floral bud shape (ovoid to oblong in T. nervosa vs spheroid in T. clarkii and T. calophyllophylla), and stamen/staminode number (70–75 in T. nervosa vs &lt;50 in the other two).</p><p>Specimens examined — COLOMBIA: GUAINÍA: Puerto Inirida, corregimiento Cacahual, localidad de Chaquita, 03°24'59"N, 67°40'38"W, 100 m, 28 Mar 2022, fr., J. F. R. Ortiz 2012 (COAH!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Departamento Río Negro, lower part of Río Baria, inundat- ed forest along river, 01°27'– 01°10'N, 66°32'– 66°25'W, 80 m, 22–23 Jul 1984, G. Davidse 27716 (MO photo!, NY!); ibid., middle part of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.0833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.416664/lat 1.0833334)">Río Baria</a>, forest around small laja, margin of flooded forest, 01°05'N, 66°25'W, 80 m, 29 Jul 1984, G. Davidse &amp; J. S. Miller 26796 (MO photo!, NY!, VEN photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF98FFD3FC94F88EFBBEFA37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF99FFD4FCCEFA4EFCB7F8B7.text	03A0CB73FF99FFD4FCCEFA4EFCB7F8B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita nidiae L. Marinho	<div><p>44. Tovomita nidiae L. Marinho in Willdenowia 49: 349. 2019. – Holotype: Venezuela, Bolívar, selva de galería y sabana a lo largo del Río Kanarakuni, norte y noroeste de la Misión de Campamento Sanidad del Río Kanarakuni, 400 m, 17–29 Mar 1967, J. Steyermark 98189 (NY [NY02859717]!; isotype: NY!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 1.2–3.3 cm long, coloration not seen, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 8.4–14.3 × 3.3–5.8 cm, rich green above, pale green below in vivo, greenish to yellowish in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, obovate, base decurrent, apex rounded to straight; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 5–6 pairs, 15–28 mm apart from each other, forming angle 40°–45° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, one to three per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating, c. 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins reticulate, irregular; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 35 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ not seen. Pedicels 8–16 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated in lateral flowers of dichasia, rarely in central flower; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 7–9 mm long, ovoid, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 7–9 × 6–7 mm, ovate to oblong, apex rounded, greenish to white; petals 4, 11–12 × 3.5–4 mm, oblong, deflexed, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 60–65, 4.5–7 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, creamy-white; anthers 0.5– 0.9 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 0.5 mm long, styles 6, amorphous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes not counted, 4.5–7 mm long; filaments terete, coloration not seen; ovary c. 7 mm long, locules and stigmas not counted; stigmas c. 2.5 mm in diam., coloration not seen. Capsules not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho &amp; al. (2019b: 347).</p><p>Distribution — Colombia (Caquetá), Venezuela (Bolívar). Fig. 66.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; al. (2019b).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita nidiae can be recognized by the low number of secondary veins (5–6 pairs), which form an angle 40°–45° to the midvein and connect to each other near the margin (Fig. 14B). This number of secondary veins is also found in T. schomburgkii, from which it can be differentiated even when sterile by the angle of the secondary veins with midvein (60°–75° in T. schomburgkii).</p><p>Specimens examined — COLOMBIA: CAQUETÁ: Solano, región Araracuara, sector <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.37806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.37806/lat -0.25)">Chiribiquete</a>, 00°15'00"S, 72°22'41"W, 210 m, 4 Dec 2010, bud, F . Castro 10612 (COAH!); Morelia, vereda <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.76361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4008334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.76361/lat 1.4008334)">Sinaí</a>, 01°24'03"N, 75°45'49"W, 283 m, 4 Oct 2015, fl. ♀, D. Cárdenas &amp; al. 46299 (COAH!) . — VENEZUELA: BOLÍVAR: Sucre, pica desde <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.9833336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.816666/lat 4.9833336)">Santa Maria de Erebato</a>, 04°59'N, 64°49'W, 430 m, Jan 1989, bud, E . Sanoja 2382 (NY!); Distrito Cedeño, along tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.566666/lat 5.15)">Río Erebato</a>, 05°09'N, 64°34'W, 170 m, 12 Mar 1992, B . Boom &amp; E . Marin 10438 (NY 2 sheets!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF99FFD4FCCEFA4EFCB7F8B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF9EFFD6FF69F8CEFE70FDD7.text	03A0CB73FF9EFFD6FF69F8CEFE70FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita obovata Engl.	<div><p>45. Tovomita obovata Engl. in Martius &amp; al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 451. 1888. – Lectotype (designated here): Guyana, ad ripas fluvii Pomeroon, “1844”, R. H. Schomburgk 878 (1365 in B) (K [K000488530]!; isolectotypes: B [destroyed, negative no. 9213 in F!], BM [BM000047398] photo!, K [K000488529]!, W [no. W-0051858]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 30 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate whitish-yellow, abundant. Petioles 2–3.2 cm long, smooth, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 14–22 × 5.4–11 cm, copper-coloured in sicco, coriaceous, black dots absent, conspicuously obovate, base decurrent, apex rounded sometimes emarginate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 7–9 pairs, 11–27 mm apart from each oth- er, forming angle 50°–55° to midvein, prominent on both surfaces, few arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, two or more per intercostal area, slightly thinner than secondary veins, distal course basiflexed,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 30 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 12 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 16–43 mm long, light green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 10–14 mm long, oblong to ovoid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 10–16 × 5–6 mm, ovate to oblong, apex apiculate to rounded, greenish-white; petals 6, 12–20 × 5–7 mm, oblong to obovate, reflexed, apex rounded, whitish-green. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 55, 9–12 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers c. 1 mm long, white, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode conspicuous with 5 rudimentary stigmas. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 50, 5.5–6 mm long, white; ovary c. 6.5 mm long, not costate, 5-locular, light green, stigmas 5, sessile, c. 2.5 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, c. 3.5 × 2 cm (immature), 5-septate, pyriform when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature, mesocarp not seen; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Guyana (Demerara-Mahaica, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice). Fig. 68.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — For the lectotype of Tovomita obovata we selected the specimen at K with more leaves and flowers. The specimen from B (photograph available in F [F 0 BN009213]) was destroyed during World War II .</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita obovata is similar to T. longifolia, and these two species are sympatric in Guyana. The characters of both overlaps, but it is possible to distinguish T. obovata by the smaller, more coriaceous and always obovate leaves. Moreover, the flowers of T. obovata bear longer pedicels, less stamens (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀), and conspicuously wider stigmas. Still, a deeper investigation is important, since there are few T. obovata specimens deposited in collections. These differences can be seen in Table 2.</p><p>Specimens examined — GUYANA: DEMERARA-MAHAICA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.166668/lat 6.4166665)">East Demerara Region</a>, Yarowkabra settlement and forestry Station, 06°25'N, 58°10'W, 25 May 1986, bud, J. J . Pipoly &amp; H . Godfrey 7483 (NY!) . POTARO-SIPARUNI: Pakaraima Mts, Sukabi R., 800 m , 20 Oct 1994, fl. ♀, T. W . Henkel &amp; al. 5983 (NY!) . UPPER DEMERARA-BERBICE: Karaow creek, 22 Nov 1918, fl. ♂, A . Leechman 513/11a (K!); Essequibo river, 16 Apr 1922, fl. ♀, fr., L. S . Hohenkerk 453 C (K!); Moraballi creek, near Bartica, 27 Sep 1929, bud, N. Y . Sandwith 349 (K!, NY!); Labbakabra creek, Tiger creek, Essequibo river, 26 Aug 1937, fl. ♂, N. Y . Sandwith 1212 (IAN!, K!); Siba creek, Kautaballi forest, 17 Apr 1941, fl. ♂, D. B . Fanshawe 3416 (NY!); Groete creek, 27 Jun 1944, bud, D. B . Fanshawe 4731 (A!, K!, NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF9EFFD6FF69F8CEFE70FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF9CFFD6FF69FD6EFA3EF977.text	03A0CB73FF9CFFD6FF69FD6EFA3EF977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita plumieri Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.	<div><p>46. Tovomita plumieri Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.: 106. 1859. – Lectotype (designated by Howard 1989: 333): Dominica, s.loc., s.dat., J. Imray 228 (GOET [GOET000935] photo!; isolectotype: K [K000488546]!).</p><p>= Tovomita martinicensis Vesque, Epharmosis 3: 20. 1892. – Lectotype (designated here): Martinique, [Forêt de la Trinité], 1868/69, L. Hahn 992 (G [G00355497] photo!; isolectotypes: GH [GH00067880]!, K [K000488474]!, W [no. W-1889- 0074308]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 10 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 3.1–5.4 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 8.3–32 × 3.5–13.5 cm, greenish to copper-coloured in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, elliptic to oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate with drip tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–11 pairs, 10–38 mm apart from each other, forming angle 55°–60° to midvein, slightly prominent adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one to three per intercostal area, much thinner and basically connected to secondary veins,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with (3–)5–6 basal branches and 9–150 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 18–19 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 9–11 mm long, ovoid, apex apiculate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 9–11 × 4–8.5 mm, ovate to oblong, apex apiculate to rounded, green; petals 4, 11–12 × 3.5– 6 mm, oblong, reflexed, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 100 stamens, 5–8.5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 1–2 mm long, white, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 1 mm long, conic. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 100, 6–7 mm long; ovary c. 8.2 mm long, 5-locular, stigmas 5, sessile, c. 4 mm in diam., coloration not seen. Capsules fleshy, 4.2–10.5 × 2.5–3.3 cm, 5-septate, fusiform when closed, sometimes falcate, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, c. 15 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 67.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Howard (1989: 334).</p><p>Distribution — Dominica (Saint David, Saint George, Saint Paul, Saint Peter), Martinique (La Trinité, Saint Pierre), Saint Lucia (Soufriere). Fig. 68.</p><p>Conservation status — Near Threatened (NT, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — Tovomita martinicensis was published based on three collections: Hahn 992 (mixed, pistillate and staminate specimens), Hahn 1173 (pistillate specimen), and Hahn 1390 (with fruits). We designated as the lectotype a staminate G specimen (Hahn 992, G00355497), which bears an open flower .</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita plumieri is the only species of the genus that occurs in the Caribbean islands of Dominica, Martinique and Saint Lucia. The species is very similar to T. longifolia and T. megantha, mainly by the large leaves with similar number of secondary veins, ovoid floral buds, and 5-carpellate ovary. Tovomita plumieri differs from these two species by the number of stamens (&gt; 100 vs &lt;80 in the related species) (see also Table 2 and Fig. 58).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — DOMINICA: SAINT DAVID: Bois Diable ridge, Pont Cassé area, near turn off to Castle Bruce, 27 Jul 1966, fl. ♂, W. L . Stern &amp; D. Wasshausen 2549 (B!) . SAINT GEORGE: fresh water lake area, south face Micotrin 2400–2600 ft, 1 Jan 1967, fr., D. C . Wasshausen &amp; E. S. Ayensu 332 (B!). SAINT PAUL: along path to Morne Couronne near Point Lolo, 1500 ft, 31 Jul 1965, fl. ♂, W. R . Ernst 1980 (B!, CAS!, GH!). SAINT PETER: near SE corner of St John Parish, 17 Mar 1991, sterile, S. R . Hill 22070 (NY!). — MARTINIQUE: LA TRINITÉ: wooded trail from summit of Morne Rouge, 13–18 May 1979, fr., R. A . Howard &amp; E. S. Howard 18885 (A!). SAINT PIERRE: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.12083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.676111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.12083/lat 14.676111)">Commune de Case Pilote</a>, 14°40'34"N, 61°07'15"W, 635 m, 15 Dec 2015, fr., Deinatte C . &amp; Girault R. 3570 (NY!). — SAINT LUCIA: SOUFRIERE: forest between Quilesse and Piton St Espirit, 22 Apr–18 May 1950, fr., R. A . Howard 11627 (A!, B!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF9CFFD6FF69FD6EFA3EF977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF9CFFC8FC94F90EFD1AFA97.text	03A0CB73FF9CFFC8FC94F90EFD1AFA97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita riedeliana Engl.	<div><p>47. Tovomita riedeliana Engl. in Martius &amp; al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 449. 1888. – Holotype: Brazil, “loco accuratius haud addicto”, L. Riedel [123] (LE photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 20 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 2.2–3.5 cm long, green or reddish, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 7.5–15.5 × 3–7 cm, copper-coloured in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, oblong to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 16–20 pairs, 3–4 mm apart from each other, forming angle 45°–65° to midvein, prominent abaxially, immersed adaxially, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to a major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 15 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 13–55 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally or in middle articulated in all flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 5.5–8 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 2–4, 5.5–8.5 × 5–6.5 mm, circular to oblong, apex rounded, light green; petals 4, 6.5–9 × 6–7 mm, circular to oblong, reflexed, apex rounded, pale yellow. Staminate flowers: stamens 45–50, 4–5 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, yellow; anthers c. 1 mm long, yellow, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous, yellow. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 45–50, 3–3.5 mm long, yellow; ovary c. 4 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, yellow, styles fused 1.5–2 mm long, stigmas 4, 1.5–2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.5– 4 × 1.5–2.5 cm, 4-septate, pyriform when closed, rostrum present, 3–8 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red to purplish-red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 69.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Engler (1888: 97).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco). Fig. 70.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita riedeliana is similar to T. glazioviana, mainly by the number of secondary veins (16–20 vs 10–17 pairs in T. glazioviana). They are sympatric in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and can be differentiated by the generally longer leaves in T. riedeliana (to c. 15 cm long vs rarely reaching 13 cm long in young individuals of T. glazioviana), and pedicel length (13–55 mm vs 6–20 mm long in T. glazioviana). The relatively large anthers in T. riedeliana (c. 1 mm vs ≤ 0.8 mm long mm long) were reported by Engler (1888) as a striking feature of this species.</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ALAGOAS: Ibateguara, Coimbra / Grota do Dudé, 24 Oct 2001, fr., M . Oliveira &amp; A . A . Grilo 649 (UEC!, UFP!) . BAHIA: Ilhéus, Estação Hidromineral de Olivença, 8 Feb 1982, fl. ♂, L .</p><p>A. Mattos-Silva &amp; al. 1470 (CEPEC!, UFP!). ESPÍRITO SANTO: Santa Teresa, 25 Feb 2014, fl. ♀ , L. C. Marinho &amp; J. Molino 800 (CEPEC!). MINAS GERAIS: Rio Novo, Sep 1895, bud, Schwacke 11805 (RB!). PERNAMBUCO: Gravatá, Fazenda Harmonia, 6 Sep 1970, bud, fl. ♂, D. Andrade-Lima 70/6005 (CEPEC!, IPA!, UFP!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF9CFFC8FC94F90EFD1AFA97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF82FFC9FF69FAAEFF43FAB7.text	03A0CB73FF82FFC9FF69FAAEFF43FAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita salimenae L. Marinho & Amorim	<div><p>48. Tovomita salimenae L. Marinho &amp; Amorim in Syst. Bot. 41: 773. 2016. – Holotype: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Descoberto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.953888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.43" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.953888/lat -21.43)">Reserva Municipal da Represa do Grama</a>, 21°25'48" S 42°57'14" W, 26 Nov 2004, C. M. Sakuragui &amp; al. 1632 (RB [RB00451061]!; isotypes: CEPEC [no. 139510]!, UEC!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 7 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 0.6–3.5 cm long, green or reddish, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 7–18.5 × 4.5–7.5 cm, greenish with veins copper-coloured in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, obovate, base decurrent, apex rounded; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 11–15 pairs, 6–14 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–70° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course basiflexed,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 12–30 mm long, coloration not seen, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally or in middle articulated in all flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–8 mm long, spheroid, apex round- ed, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 6–11 × 6–9 mm, circular to oblong, apex rounded, light green; petals 4, 13–15 × 6–9 mm, oblanceolate to lanceolate, patent or reflexed, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 40–45, 1.8–2.5 mm long, isodynamous; filaments subclavate, yellow; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, yellow, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 1.5 mm long, yellow. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 40–45, 1.5–2.5 mm long, yellow; ovary 4.6–5 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, yellowish, stigmas 4, sessile, 1–1.2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 2.8–3.3 × 1.7–2.4 cm, 4-septate, spheroid when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 8–10 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp coloration not seen. Aril coloration not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho &amp; al. (2016b: 765).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Minas Gerais). Fig. 70.</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita salimenae has leaves similar to those of T. longifolia, but the flowers are similar to those of T. leucantha . When sterile, T. salimenae can be distinguished from both species by the copper-coloured veins (Fig. 14F) on the leaf abaxial surface and the number of secondary veins (11–15 vs 8–10 pairs in T. longifolia and 22–40 pairs in T. leucantha). The short, subclavate stamens of T. salimenae also occur in T. guianensis, but they are in larger number (40–45 vs 15–20 in T. guianensis). In addition, while T. salimenae is endemic to the southeastern part of the state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil (Fig. 70), T. guianensis, in the Atlantic forest, occurs only in northeastern Brazil (Fig. 46).</p><p>Specimens examined — BRAZIL: MINAS GERAIS: Carangola, Fazenda Santa Rita, 600 m, 20°46'S, 42°02'W, 1 Nov 1988, fl. ♂, L. S . Leoni 495 (SPF!); Descoberto, Represa do Grama, Represa do Grama, 16 Jan 2000, fl. ♂ and sterile, F. R . Salimena &amp; al. s.n. (CESJ no. 31009!, UEC!); ibid., 30 Sep 2000, bud, F. R . Salimena &amp; al. s.n. (CESJ no. 31404!); ibid., 18 Nov 2000, bud, L . D. Meireles &amp; al. s.n. (CESJ no. 31484!); ibid., 19 Nov 2000, fl. ♂, L . D. Meireles &amp; al. s.n. (CESJ no. 31502!); ibid., 21 Jul 2001, fr., R. M . Castro 547 (CESJ!, UEC!); ibid., trilha principal partindo da casa de Seu Luiz, 550 m, 6 Mar 2004, fr., R. C . Forzza &amp; al. 2926 (CEPEC!, CESJ!, RB!); ibid., 15 Mar 2015, sterile, L. C . Marinho &amp; V. A. O . Dittrich 979, 981 (HUEFS!); Faria Lemos, Fazenda Santa Rita, 600 m, 30 Dec 1999, sterile, L. S . Leoni 4328 (UEC!). Muriaé, Fazenda Barra Alegre, 23 Oct 1989, fl. ♂, R . Simão-Bianchini &amp; al. 212 (SPF!); Rio Preto, Serra da Grama, 900 m, Nov 1996, fl. ♀, L. S . Leoni 3524 (UEC!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF82FFC9FF69FAAEFF43FAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF83FFCAFF43FACEFCBBF8B7.text	03A0CB73FF83FFCAFF43FACEFCBBF8B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita saulensis J. Engel & Molino	<div><p>49. Tovomita saulensis J. Engel &amp; Molino in Adansonia, ser. 3, 44: 170. 2022. – Holotype: French Guiana, Saül and vicinity: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.6166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.2/lat 3.6166668)">Route de Bélizon</a>, 0–2 km S of Eaux Claires, 03°37'N, 53°12'W, 230–300 m, 22 Sep 1994, S. A. Mori &amp; al. 24002 (CAY [CAY167624] photo!; isotypes: P [P04897763]!, NY [NY04204154]!, U [U0181523] photo!, US [US 00872988] photo!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 12 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous or absent; exudate yellowish, scarce. Petioles 0.4–1.2 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 4.3–7.5(–9) × 1.2–3.2 cm, generally copper-coloured in sicco, black dots absent, chartaceous, elliptic, base convex to cuneate, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 6–10 pairs, 6–10 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–70° to midvein, slightly prominent in both surfaces, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course basiflexed, c. 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 20 flowers, lacking terminal flow- er, ♀ not seen. Pedicels 2–5 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulat- ed on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3–6 mm long, oblong, apex mucronulate, lenticels absent. Sepals 2, 5 × 1–2 mm, oblong to ovate, apex mucronulate to acuminate, green; petals 4, 3–4 × 1–2 mm, linear to oblong, outer ones reflexed, inner ones patent, apex acuminate, green. Staminate flowers: stamens 9–15, 2–3 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers c. 0.5 mm long, yellowish-white, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 0.5 mm high, white, stigmas 4, amorphous. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, c. 2.5 × 1 cm (immature), 4-septate, pyriform to orbicular when closed, rostrum present, c. 1.2 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature, mesocarp coloration not seen; sepals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen. Fig. 71.</p><p>Distribution — Saül (French Guiana). Fig. 72.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Engel &amp; al. 2022).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita saulensis shares with T. mangle the oblong flower buds with a mucronulate apex (Fig. 71E). However, the flowers of T. saulensis are much smaller and bear fewer stamens (9–15 vs 35–45 stamens in T. mangle).</p><p>Specimens examined — FRENCH GUIANA: SAÜL: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.6166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.2/lat 3.6166668)">La Fumée Ouest</a>, 03°37'N, 53°12'W, 200–400 m, sterile, 4 Apr 1983 , S. A. Mori &amp; J. J. Pipoly 15505 (NY!, P!); ibid., 26 Apr 1983, S. A. Mori &amp; J. J. Pipoly 15551 (P!), ibid ., S. A. Mori &amp; al. 15674 (NY!); along botany trail northeast of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.416668/lat 4.7)">Les Eaux Claires</a>, 04°42'N, 52°25'W, 270 m, fl. ♂, 24 Sep 1995, Phillippe &amp; al. 26984 (CAY photo!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF83FFCAFF43FACEFCBBF8B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF80FFCCFF69F8CEFDADF9D7.text	03A0CB73FF80FFCCFF69F8CEFDADF9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita schomburgkii Planch. & Triana	<div><p>50. Tovomita schomburgkii Planch. &amp; Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, 14: 274. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Roraima, Guyane anglaise, 1842–1843, R. H. Schomburgk 753 (G [G00355502] photo!; isolectotypes: BM [BM000047396] photo!, BM [BM000047397] photo!, G [G00355503] photo!, G photo!, K [K000488539]!, NY [NY00578993]!, NY</p><p>[NY00578994]!, W [no. W-1889-309874]!).</p><p>= Tovomita martiana Engl. in Martius &amp; al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 453. 1888, syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, (verisimiliter amazonica), loco acuratius haud addicto: C. F. P. Martius s.n. (M [M0086211]!; isolectotypes: M [M0086212]!, M [M0086213]!, M [M0086214]!).</p><p>Description — Shrubs or trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellowish-white, scarce. Petioles 12–27 mm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 13–20 × 5.5–7.5 cm, greenish to greyish in sicco, black dots absent, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate, rarely with drip tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals clearly visible abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, as blackish lines on abaxial surface of young leaves in sicco, parallel to secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 6–8(–11) pairs, 10–23 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–70° to midvein, prominent on both surfaces, arcuate and weakly connecting near Fig. 68. Distribution map of Tovomita obovata (white stars) and T. plumieri (black circles) –</p><p>Amazon Basin (light grey), Atlantic forest (dark grey), Guiana Shield (dark grey striped). margin; intersecondary veins present, one, two or rarely three per intercostal area, thinner than secondary ones, M, the best-preserved specimen was chosen as the lecjoining to major secondary ones,&gt; 50 % of subjacent totype. secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescence: ♂ lax cyme with Recognition and discussion — Tovomita schomburgkii 3 or 5 basal branches and up to 50 flowers, lacking ter- can be confused with T. nidiae, due to the low number of minal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels secondary veins (Fig. 73A, 6–8 [–11] pairs vs 5–6 pairs in 3.5–8 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with T. nidiae). However, these species can be distinguished same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of by the size of the floral buds (3.5–5 mm in T. schomdichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3.5– burgkii vs 7–9 mm long in T. nidiae) and flowers. Also, 5 mm long, spheroid to oblong, apex rounded, lenticels there is an overlap of character states between T. schomabsent . Sepals 2, 3.5–6 × 4–5 mm, circular to oblong, burgkii and T. gracilipes . Both species have secondary apex rounded, greenish; petals 4, 5–5.5 × 3.5–4.5 mm, veins that form an angle 65°–70° with the midvein, and oblong, patent, apex rounded, pale yellow. Staminate small floral buds and fruits. Tovomita schomburgkii can flowers: stamens 35–45, 2.5–4.5 mm long, heterody- be distinguished from T. gracilipes by the greenish to namous; filaments terete, greenish; anthers 0.6–0.8 mm greyish (Fig. 14H vs purplish-red, Fig. 13C) leaves in long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode incon- sicco and oblong (vs spheroid) floral buds. spicuous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 35–40, 2–3 mm long, white; ovary 3.5–5 mm long, 4-locular, white, stig- Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAPÁ: Rio mas 4, sessile, c. 1 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 2–2.4 × Oiapoque, 02°12'N, 52°53'W, near Cachoeira Três Saltos, 1.2–1.8 cm, 4-septate, napiform when closed, not costate, 10 Sep 1960, bud, H. S. Irwin &amp; al. 48124 (UC!). AMAlobed, rostrum present, 1.5–2 mm long, epicarp smooth, ZONAS: São Paulo de Olivença, platô ao sul da cidade, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, estrada para Bom Fim, 1 Nov 1986, fr., C. A. Cid &amp; al. petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril 8598 (INPA!, NY!). RORAIMA: Auaris, 04°03'N, 64°22'W, orange. Fig. 73. 6 Feb 1959, fr., G. T. Prance &amp; al. 9672 (INPA!). — CO-</p><p>LOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Corregimiento Tarapcá, 03°08'N, Distribution — Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Roraima), 69°49'W, 30 Mar 2013, fr., G. C. Macia &amp; al. 55 Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Caquetá), French (COAH!). ANTIOQUIA: San Carlos, Corregimiento Alto Guiana (Cayenne), Guyana (Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Pomer- Samaná, vereda Miraflores, 06°05'00"N, 74°50'00"W, oon-Supernaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Sinnamary, Upper 26 Nov 1986, fl. ♀ fr., R. Callejas &amp; al. 8599 (HUA!). Takutu-Upper Essequibo), Suriname (Brownsberg, CAQUETÁ: Solano, región, 00°15'00"S, 72°22'41"W, 210 Marowijne, Para, Sipaliwini), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.37806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.37806/lat -0.25)">Venezuela</a> (Amazonas, m, 22 Nov 2010, fl. ♂, F. Castro 10372 (COAH!). — Bolívar). Fig. 72. FRENCH GUIANA: CAYENNE: Compté river, Roche Fen-</p><p>dée, 21 Jan 1977, fr., S. Mori &amp; Y. Veyret 8967 (B!, NY!). Conservation status — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.8166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.133335/lat 5.8166666)">Least Concern</a> (LC, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.8166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.133335/lat 5.8166666)">Marinho</a> &amp; — GUYANA: CUYUNI-MAZARUNI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.8166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.133335/lat 5.8166666)">Paruima</a>, 05°49'N, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.8166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.133335/lat 5.8166666)">Beech</a> 2019). 61°08'W, 780 m, 6 Jul 1997, fr., D. Clarke &amp; al. 5408</p><p>(NY!). POMEROON-SUPERNAAM: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.766666/lat 7.3)">Akawini river</a> 07°18'N, Nomenclatural notes — For the lectotype of Tovomita 58°46'W, 13 Sep 1992, bud, B . Hoffman &amp; L . Roberts schomburgkii, we chose the specimen in G with more 2588 (NY!). POTARO-SIPARUNI: Kamana, 10 km North of open flowers. For T. martiana, among four samples in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.833332/lat 4.7)">Orinduik</a>, 04°42'N, 59°50'W, 2500 m, 26 Feb 1995, fl. ♀ ,</p><p>S. Tiwari &amp; al. 1401 A (NY!). UPPER TAKUTU-UPPER ESSEQUIBO: Makarapan Mt, 03°57'N, 58°51'W, 29 Sep 1997, fr., D. Clarke &amp; al. 6900 (NY!). SINNAMARY: piste de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.85/lat 3.95)">St Elie</a> km 16, 20 Feb 1981, fr ., M. Prévost 1087 (NY!). — SURINAME: BROWNSBERG: 11 Sep 1917, fl. ♂, B. W. 3262 (NY!). MAROWIJNE: Rikanau prope Moengo, in valley of Rikanau creek, 4 Jun 1954, sterile , J. C. Linderman 6103 (INPA!). PARA: Zanderij I, 18 Jul 1918, bud, B. W. 3899 (NY!). SIPALIWINI: Approx. 2.5 km SW from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.801945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.3402777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.801945/lat 2.3402777)">Kwamalasamutu village</a> centre, 02°20'25"N, 56°48'07"W, 18 Feb 2006, fr ., B. Hoffman 6659 (NY!). — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Sierra Parima a lo largo de la frontera Venezolana- Brasilera, 18–23 May 1972, fr ., J. A. Steyermark 106059 (NY!). BOLÍVAR: vicinity of Techiné-Merú, 8 Jul 1953, fr ., J. A. Steyermark 76052 (NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF80FFCCFF69F8CEFDADF9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF86FFCEFF69F96EFC65F857.text	03A0CB73FF86FFCEFF69F96EFC65F857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita secunda Planch. & Triana	<div><p>51. Tovomita secunda Poepp. ex Planch. &amp; Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 14, sér. IV: 271. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): Peru, [Loreto], Maynas, dans les forêsts, Apr 1831, E. Poeppig 2376 (W [no. W-0051862]!; isolectotypes: F [F0074932 F] photo!, G [G00354017] photo!, G [G00355742] photo!, GH [GH00067916]!, GOET [GOET003981] photo!, GOET [GOET003982] photo!, NY [NY00452479]!, NY [NY00452480]!, P [P01901226]!, W [no. W-1889-0104466]!, W [no. W-1889-0111409]!, W [no. W-0051861] with two numbers: 2376 &amp; 2405!, W!).</p><p>=</p><p>= Tovomita krukovii A. C. Sm. in Phytologia 1: 122. 1935, syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Amazonas, on “terra firma” near mouth of Rio Embira (tributary of Rio Tarauaca), basin of Rio Jurua, Jun 1933, B. A. Krukoff 4887 (NY [NY00579022]!; isolectotypes: A [A00067911] photo!, BM [BM000047395] photo!, F [F0054540 F] photo!, G [G00355492] photo!, K [K000488507]!, LP [LP004152] photo!, M [M0112310]!, MICH [MICH1192027] photo!, MO [MO279786] photo!, RB [RB00539004]!, S [S03-2038] photo!, U [U0002435] photo!, UC [UC606000]!, US [US 00131068] photo!).</p><p>Tovomita humilis Ducke in Arq. Serv. Florest. 1: 34. 1939, syn. nov. Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, habitat in silva terris altis, Rio Solimões, 21 Jan 1937, A. Ducke s.n. RB no. 35717 (RB!; isotypes: K [K000488508]!, US [US 00114293] photo!).</p><p>Description — Treelets up to 4 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce; scars of leaves thickened at apex of branches. Petioles 0.7–1.2 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 7–19.2 × 2.5–6 cm, pale brown in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, obovate, base decurrent, apex acuminate with drip tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 7–15 pairs, 4.5–13 mm apart from each other, forming angle 35°–55° to midvein, angles more acute on leaf base, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, two per intercostal area, thinner than secondary ones, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ congested cyme with 3 or 6 basal branches and up to 50 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 3–8 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3–4 mm long, oblong, apex mucronulate or rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 2–4, 3–5 × 2–3 mm, oblong, apex mucronulate to rounded, green; petals 4, 3.5–5.5 × 1.5–2.7 mm, oblong to linear, position not seen, apex rounded or acute, green. Staminate flowers: stamens 20–30, 3–4.5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 18–25, 1–2 mm long, white; ovary not seen. Capsules fleshy, 0.8–1.7 × 0.8–1 cm, 4-septate, napiform when closed, not costate, 4-lobed, free styles, 2–3 mm long, epicarp smooth, light brown with dark brown marks when immature and mature, mesocarp red; pedicel dilated; sepals and stigma persistent, petals and staminodes caducous. Aril orange. Fig. 74.</p><p>Distribution — Bolívia (Pando), Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará), Colombia (Amazonas, Chocó, Vaupés), Ecuador (Napo), French Guiana (Saül), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto), Suriname (Brokopondo, Commewijne). Fig. 75.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — The specimens used by Planchon &amp; Triana (1860) to describe Tovomita secunda have two distinct numbers: a specimen with only one number (Poeppig 2376) or two numbers in the same specimen (Poeppig 2376 &amp; 2405). Planchon &amp; Triana (1860) indicated both numbers as types. There are five syntypes housed at W herbarium, where Poeppig deposited his collection, and only one with two numbers (W-0051861). After critical evaluation, we chose as lectotype the best-preserved specimen with only one number (Poeppig 2376, W-0051862). For the lectotype of T. krukovii, we chose the NY specimen, which was likely seen by the author.</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita secunda can be recognized by the combination of congested inflorescences with many flowers (up to 50), and oblong, small floral buds (3–4 mm long), with a mucronulate or round- ed apex (Fig. 74D). The fruits of T. secunda are small (1–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm) and lobed (Fig. 74E), being similar to those of T. gracilipes and T. schomburgkii . However, in T. secunda the fruiting pedicels are thickened toward the apex. The small flowers of T. secunda can be confused with those of T. duckei, but the leaves in the latter are typically much wider (4.5–12.3 vs 2.5–6 cm wide in T. secunda).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BOLIVIA: PANDO: W bank of Rio Madeira opposite Abuña, 19 Nov 1968, bud, G . T . Prance &amp; al. 8664 (INPA!, NY!) . — BRAZIL: ACRE: PortoAcre, Reserva Florestal Humaitá, 09°45'S, 69°13'W, 2 Nov 1993, bud, D. C . Daly &amp; al. 8013 (INPA!). AMAZONAS: Humaitá, 14 Sep–11 Oct 1934, bud, B . A . Krukoff 6551 (A!) . MATO GROSSO: Apiacás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.879166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.577778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.879166/lat -9.577778)">Parque Nacional do Juruena</a>, 09°34'40"S, 57°52'45"W, 224 m, 10 Aug 2011, fr., C . R . A. Soares &amp; al. 3822 (HERBAM photo!). PARÁ: Oriximiná, Porto Trombetas, 12 Nov 1987, fr., E . Soares s.n. (HSTM no. 4481!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Araracuara, Río Caquetá, 00°36'S, 72°10'W, 5 Jan 1990, bud, E . Alvarez &amp; al. 205 (NY!). CHOCÓ: Alto Baudo, Regreso de Santa María de Condoto hasta Dos Bocas, PNN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.15833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.9263887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.15833/lat 5.9263887)">Ensenada de Utría</a>, 05°55'35"N, 77°09'30"W, 20 May 1990, fl., C . Barbosa 6677 (HUA!) . VAUPÉS: Taraira, Estación Biológica Mosiro Itajura, Caparú, 01°04'48"S, 69°31'04"W, 7 Feb 2004, fl., Z . Cordero &amp; L . Clavijo 270 (HUA!) . — ECUADOR: NAPO: Em las riberas de las lagunas, 25 Apr 1986, fl., J . Jaramillo 8436 (NY!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: SAÜL: along Botany trail northeast of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.416668/lat 4.7)">Les Eaux-Claires</a>, 04°42'N, 52°25'W, 270 m, 24 Sep 1995, fl. ♂, L . R . Phillippe &amp; al. 26984 (NY!) . — PERU: AMAZONAS: Río Cenepa, 900–1000 ft, 19 Dec 1972, bud, B . Berlin 635 (GH!, MO) . LORETO: Maynas, Yanamono, 03°30'S, 72°50'W, 106 m, 26 Jun 1984, fr., R . Vasquez &amp; al. 5176 (CAS! MO). — SURINAME: BROKOPONDO:</p><p>Brownsberg plateau, 20 Nov 2003, fr., T . R. van Andel &amp; al. 4390 (NY!, U). COMMEWIJNE: Perica R . in forest on Capoerica ridge, 30 Jan 1954, sterile, J . C . Lindeman 1955 (MG!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF86FFCEFF69F96EFC65F857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF85FFCFFF43FF2EFBD4F997.text	03A0CB73FF85FFCFFF43FF2EFBD4F997.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita speciosa Ducke	<div><p>52. Tovomita speciosa Ducke in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 136. 1925 ≡ Tovomitidium speciosum (Ducke) Ducke in Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 61. 1935. – Lectotype (designated by Marinho &amp; al. 2018: 291): Brazil, [Pará], habitat in silvis humosis regione collium Quataquara prope médium flumen “medium” Tapajoz (civitate Pará), 15 Aug 1923, A. Ducke s.n. RB no. 18069 (RB [RB00539008]!; isolectotypes: K [K000488588]!, NY [NY00073984]!, S [S03-2039] photo!, US).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 18 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 1.6–4 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 10–42 × 9–17 cm, brown-orangish in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex round- ed; papillae present, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 11–22 pairs, c. 25 mm apart from each other, forming angle 45°–55° to midvein, strongly immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins absent; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous or convex; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ congested cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 80 flowers, ♀ cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 11–17 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 8.5–11 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent, blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 8.5–11 × 4–10 mm, circular, apex rounded, greenish; petals 6, 11– 17 × 9–11 mm, oblong to obovate, inner ones strongly patent, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 50, 7.5–8 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, orangish; anthers c. 1.2 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode c. 1 mm high, conic. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 40–45, 5–5.5 mm long; ovary c. 12 mm long, lobed, 6-locular, styles c. 4 mm long, stigmas 6, c. 3 mm in diam., coloration not seen. Capsules fleshy, 3.5–4.5 × 2.6 cm, 6-septate, oblong to pyriform when closed, strongly costate, rostrum present, c. 13 mm long, epicarp smooth, coloration not seen; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Ducke (1935: 71).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará), French Guiana (Camopi). Fig. 75.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita speciosa can be recognized by the long, obovate and coriaceous leaves, with the secondary veins immersed abaxially and forming an angle of 45°–55° to the midvein (Fig. 14J). In addition, the staminate inflorescences are congested, bearing up to 80 flowers. The floral buds of T. speciosa are spheroid and become blackened in sicco. This species resembles T. clusiiflora, from which it can be distinguished by the absence of bracts covering the dichasia. The species is also similar to T. grandis by the long obovate leaves, but in this species the inflorescences are lax (vs congested in T. speciosa) and the floral buds are oblong (vs spheroid in T. speciosa).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAPÁ: Oiapoque, 20 Jul 1960, fl. ♂, B . Maguire &amp; al. 47079 (MG!, NY!, SP!) . AMAZONAS: Rio Javari, Estirão de Equador, 8 Aug 1973, bud, E . Lleras &amp; al. P17222 (INPA!, MG!, NY!) . PARÁ: Médio Tapajós, 15 Aug 1923, A . Ducke s.n. (RB no. 18069!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: CAMOPI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.9166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.8/lat 3.9166667)">Crique Gabaret – Bassin de l’Oyapock</a>, 03°55'N, 51°48'W, 5 Sep 1996, fl. ♂, Blanc M . 132 (NY!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF85FFCFFF43FF2EFBD4F997	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF85FFC1FCCEF9AEFB22FAD7.text	03A0CB73FF85FFC1FCCEF9AEFB22FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita spruceana Planch. & Triana	<div><p>53. Tovomita spruceana Planch. &amp; Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 14, sér. IV: 277. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, [Amazonas], Rio Panure, sur le Rio Uaupes, région de l’Amazone, Oct 1852 – Jan 1853, R. Spruce 2428 (P [P00093879]!; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000005913534] photo!, G [G00355498] photo!, G [G00355515] photo!, G photo!, GH [GH00067917]!, K [K000488531]!, K [K000488533]!, NY [NY00578997]!, NY [NY00578998]!, P [P00093878]!). = Tovomita spruceana var. obtusa Engl. in Martius &amp;</p><p>al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 451. 1888, syn. nov. – Holotype:</p><p>Brazil, habitat in silvis pr. Borba, Jul 1828, L. Riedel</p><p>Description — Trees up to 12 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 2.1–4.4 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 12.5– 23.5 × 3–13.7 cm, greenish to brown-orangish adaxially and brown-orangish abaxially in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, elliptic, oblong to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex rounded, rarely acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 14–18 pairs, 0.7–1.8 mm apart from each other, forming angle 70°–75° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, two per intercostal area, thinner than secondary ones, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 4–5 basal branches and up to 75 flowers, terminal flower present or not, ♀ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 15 flowers, dichasia sometimes reduced lacking central flower, lenticels absent. Pedicels 8–13 mm long, green, distal portion dilated, distally or fairly articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–8 mm long, oblong, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 8–10 × 6–9 mm, oblong, apex rounded, greenish; petals 4, 10–12 × 3–5 mm, oblong, inner ones strongly patent, apex round- ed, yellowish-white. Staminate flowers: stamens 30–40, 7–9 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.5–0.7 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 50, 4–6 mm long, white; ovary 7–10 mm long, not costate or lobed, 5-locular, white, stigmas 5, sessile, c. 1.2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.6–5 × 1.7–3 cm, 5-septate, pyriform, sometimes falcate, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, free styles, 2.5–4 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous; stigmas persistent; pedicel dilated. Aril orange. Fig. 76.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Engler (1888: 98).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima), Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Vaupés), Guyana (Potaro-Siparuni), Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Bolívar). Fig. 75.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — For the lectotype of Tovomita spruceana, we chose the flowering collection (Spruce 2428). Moreover, we chose one of the P specimens [P00093879] because it is a Triana herbarium, which certifies that at least one of the authors examined this specimen.</p><p>Recognition and discussion — The leaves of Tovomita spruceana are very variable in shape and size, but the species can be recognized by the inflorescences usually with many flowers (Fig. 76B, up to 75 in ♂, 15 flowers in ♀), oblong floral buds (Fig. 76C), stamens isodynamous (Fig. 76D), and pedicels distally thickened. The fruits of T. spruceana have smooth epicarp and, some of the ovules are usually aborted, giving the fruit a falcate shape.</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ACRE: Upper Rio Moa near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.483333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.65/lat -7.483333)">Fazenda Arizona</a>, 07°29'S, 73°39'W, 24–30 Sep 1984, sterile, D. G . Campbell &amp; al. 8155 (NY!). AMAZONAS: Rio Negro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.296112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.6883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.296112/lat -2.6883335)">Igarapé da Cachoeira</a>, 02°41'18"S, 60°17'46"W, 3 Jul 1999, fl. ♂, L . G . Lohmann 309 (INPA!). MATO GROSSO: Comodoro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.05111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.738611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.05111/lat -12.738611)">Fazenda Dolce Vitta</a>, 12°44'19"S, 60°03'04"W, 7 Aug 1997, fr., N . M . Ivanauskas &amp; al. 2197 (ESA photo!). PARÁ: Rio Javari, Monte Dourado, Água Azul, 9 Nov 1978, fr., P . Cavalcante 3327 (MG!). RORAIMA: Caracaraí, Parque Nacional do Viruá, 30 Sep 2012, fl. ♂, F . N . Cabral &amp; al. 423 (INPA!). — COLOMBIA: ANTIOQUIA: Anori, vicinity <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.2166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.05/lat 7.2166667)">Planta</a> providencia, 07°13'00"N, 75°03'00"W, 24 Feb 1977, S . White &amp; B. Alverson 107 (HUA!). CUNDINAMARCA: Páramo de Pacho, 3 Feb 1983, L . Albert 3274 (HUA!). GUAINÍA: Río Guainia and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.9833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.1/lat 1.9833333)">Brazo Casaquiare</a>, 01°59'N, 67°06'W, 60 m, 25 Jun 1984, fl., G . Davidse &amp; J. S . Miller 26575 (NY!, MO). VAUPÉS: Río Piraparaná, 24 Aug 1952, fr., R . E . Schultes &amp; I. Cabrera 17016 (GH!). — GUYANA: POTARO-SIPARUNI: Pakaraima Mts, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.866665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.0666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.866665/lat 5.0666666)">Mt Wokomung</a>, 05°04'N, 59°52'W, 1550 –1650 m, 19 Nov 1993, fr., T . W . Henkel &amp; al. 4504 (NY!). — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Departamento Río Negro, lower part of Río Baria, 80 m, 22–23 Jul 1984, fl. ♀, G . Davidse 27608 (NY!). APURE: Pedro Camejo, banks of Río Capanaparo, 06°54'N, 67°'81 W , 35 m, 6–7 May 1977, fr., G . Davidse &amp; A. González 12750 (BAH!, MO, NY!). BOLÍVAR: em el margen del morichal de Guayapo, Bajo Caura, 2 May 1939, fr., L . Williams 12052 (UC!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF85FFC1FCCEF9AEFB22FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF8BFFC2FCCEFA6EFA30FD00.text	03A0CB73FF8BFFC2FCCEFA6EFA30FD00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita stellaris L. Marinho & Amorim 2025	<div><p>54. Tovomita stellaris L. Marinho &amp; Amorim, sp. nov. – Fig. 77, 78.</p><p>Holotype: Brazil, Bahia, Ibirapitanga, Serra do Papua, APA do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.465836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.916111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.465836/lat -13.916111)">Pratigi</a>, descida da parcela 3 antes do córrego 01, 13°54'58"S, 39°27'57"W, 13 Mar 2013, fl. ♀, L. Y. S. Aona &amp; al. 2406 (HURB [HURB000006219]!; isotypes: HUEFS [HUEFS000078823]!, UEC [UEC023408]!).</p><p>Suggested vernacular name — mangue-estrela (Brazil).</p><p>Diagnosis — Tovomita stellaris is similar to sympatric species T. megantha, from which it can be distinguished by patent petals and sepals (vs reflexed in T. megantha), stamens (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) dorsiventrally compressed (vs terete) and less than 4 mm long (vs ≥ 6 mm long) in T. megantha .</p><p>Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 2–3.3 cm long, smooth, green or reddish, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 11–14 × 4–7 cm, greenish in sicco and in vivo, coriaceous, black dots absent, oblong to obovate, base decurrent, apex rounded; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 7–9 pairs, 10–20 mm apart from each other, forming angle 55°–65° to midvein, prominent abaxially, immersed adaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins Fig. 75. Distribution map of Tovomita secunda (black triangles), T. speciosa (white squares)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF8BFFC2FCCEFA6EFA30FD00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF88FFC5FDC5FD5BFD1FF8D7.text	03A0CB73FF88FFC5FDC5FD5BFD1FF8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita spruceana	<div><p>and T. spruceana (white stars). – Amazon Basin (light grey), Atlantic forest (dark grey), Guiana present, two or more per inter- Shield (dark grey striped). costal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course basiflexed but not joining (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) less than 4 mm long (vs subjacent secondary veins at right angles; tertiary veins ≥ 5 mm long). The coriaceous leaves of T. stellaris are percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein absent. In- similar to those of T. obovata, but the latter is endemic to florescences: ♂ not seen, ♀ dichasium, dichasia frequent- Guyana. Differences between T. stellaris and similar spely reduced lacking central flower, lenticels absent. Pedi- cies are summarized in Table 2 (see also Fig. 58). cels 20–27 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flow- Additional specimens examined — BRAZIL: BAHIA: ers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds Apuarema, Concessão da Rio Tinto, 13°53'46"S, 7–9 mm long, ovoid, apex rounded to acuminate, lenticels 39°41'10"W, 680 m, 20 Nov 2013, fr., L. Y. S. Aona &amp; absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 8–10 × 5–9 mm, al. 3274 (HURB!). Ibirapitanga, Área de Proteção Amovate to oblong, apex rounded, whitish to greenish; petals biental do Pratigi, Reserva Serra do Papuã, 13°53'27"S, 6–8, 10–13 × 6–8 mm, ovate to oblong, patent, apex acute 39°27'33"W, 550 m, 16 Jul 2014, fr., A. M. Amorim &amp; al. to obtuse, whitish to yellowish. Staminate flowers not 8678 (CEPEC!, HUEFS!); ibid. 16 Jul 2014, fr., A. M. seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 60–70, 3–4 mm long, Amorim &amp; al. 8679 (CEPEC!). yellowish, dorsiventrally compressed; ovary c. 3 mm long, not costate, 5-locular, yellowish, stigmas 5, sessile, 55. Tovomita stergiosii Cuello in Novon 13: 34. 2003. 2–2.5 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 4.3–4.5 × 3.5–3.7 cm, – Holotype: Venezuela, Amazonas, Cuenca del Río Ca- 5-septate, pyriform when closed, not costate or lobed, siquiare, selvas y sabanas de arenas blancas del caño rostrum present, 6–10 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenti- Tiramoni (entre los caños Atamoni y Mononi), con encels absent, green when immature, green when mature, trada hacia tierra firme, 10–22 Feb 1989, B. Stergios &amp; mesocarp reddish; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas al. 13161 (PORT [PORT40283] photo!; isotypes: HBG, persistent. Aril coloration not seen. MO, NY [NY02859711]!, TFAV, US [no. 3439003],</p><p>VEN). Distribution — Brazil (Bahia). Fig. 70 .</p><p>Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots incon- Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD), since the spicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 0.6–0.8 cm species is known from only two localities. long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 5.3–</p><p>10.2 × 1–2.5 cm, greenish in sicco, black dots absent, Etymology — The specific epithet refers to the star-like chartaceous, narrowly elliptic, base decurrent, apex acuappearance that the flower assumes due to the patent pet- minate to rounded; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots als. The Latin adjective stellaris means stellate or starry. absent; exudate canals clearly visible as continuous blackish lines on abaxial surface in sicco and in vivo, im- Recognition and discussion — Tovomita stellaris is simi- mersed in both surfaces, crossing secondary veins. Venalar to T. longifolia and T. megantha, which also occur in tion: secondary veins 11–14 pairs, 3–6 mm apart from southern Bahia Atlantic forest. Among then, T. stellaris each other, forming angle 60°–65° to midvein, immersed can be recognized by the coriaceous leaves (Fig. 14L), adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting and when fertile by the patent petals and sepals (Fig. near margin; intersecondary veins present, one per in- 78D, E vs reflexed), dorsiventrally compressed stamens tercostal area, thinner than secondary ones, parallel to (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) (vs terete) and stamens major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower or dichasium. Pedicels 19–25 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, articulated in middle on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3–4 mm long, ovoid, apex rounded to mucronulate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 3–5 × 2–4 mm, ovate to oblong, apex rounded to mucronulate, light green; petals 4, 3.5–5 × 1.5–6 mm, oblong, position not seen, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 20, 2.5–4 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.5–1 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 0.5 mm long, conic. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 20, 3.5–4 mm long, white; ovary c. 2 mm long, 4-costate, 4-locular, white, styles c. 2.7 mm, stigmas 4, 0.5–0.7 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 1.8–3.1 × 0.7–1.2 cm, 4-septate, napiform to turbinate when closed, rostrum present, c. 4 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and green-yellowish when mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 79.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Cuello (2003: 35).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia), Colombia (Amazonas, Meta, Vaupés, Vichada), Peru (Loreto), Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 80.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita stergiosii is part of the species group with small and narrow leaves (see Table 1). When sterile, it may be confused with T. fructipendula and T. longirostrata, from which it can be distinguished by the floral buds with rounded to mucronulate apex (Fig. 79D vs rounded apex in T. fructipendula [Fig. 37C] and rostrate apex in T. longirostrata), and fruits with smooth epicarp (vs asperous epicarp in both species, see Fig. 19). The specimen Croat 79362, from Colon, Panama, housed at PMA, has leaves and fruits similar to those of T. stergiosii, but this specimen was only seen by photographs and needs further study.</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.8833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.966667/lat -2.8833332)">Reserva Florestal Ducke</a>, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 28 Mar 1995, fl. ♀ fr., A . Vincentini &amp; al. 928 (INPA!, UEC!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Corregimmiento La Pedrera, resguardo indígena <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -1.2833333)">Curaré</a>, 01°17'S, 69°44'W, 100 m, 4 May 20054, fr., Z . Cordero-P. 733 (COAH!, COL); META: Vista hermosa, vereda <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.898605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.097222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.898605/lat 3.097222)">Buena Vista</a>, 03°05'50"N, 73°53'55"W, 1300 m, 21 Oct 2019, bud, D. Cárdenas &amp; al. 52552 (COAH!) ; VAUPÉS: Tarara, Estación Biológica Mosiro Itajura (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.504166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.08" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.504166/lat -1.08)">Caparú</a>), 01°04'48"S, 69°30'15"W, 200 m, 18 Feb 2004, fr., L . Clavijo-R. &amp; Z. Cordero-P. 377 (COAH!, COL). — PERU: LORETO: Maynas, Iquitos, Río Nanay, Quebrada, de Momón, surroundings of caserío de San José, Aug 1984, M . Rimachi 7616 (MO photo!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Río Sipapo, cerca de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.71527&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8849998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.71527/lat -4.8849998)">Cerro Pelota</a>, 04°53'06"S, 67°42'55"W, 242 m, 20 Feb 2001, fr., A . Castillo &amp; B . Camaripano 8362 (M!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF88FFC5FDC5FD5BFD1FF8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF8FFFC7FF43F86EFDC0FBF7.text	03A0CB73FF8FFFC7FF43F86EFDC0FBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita stylosa Hemsl.	<div><p>56. Tovomita stylosa Hemsl. in Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 1: 3. 1878. – Lectotype (designated by D’Arcy 1980: 1022): Panama, Colón, Chagres, Isthmus of Panama, Mar 1850,</p><p>A. Fendler 298 (K [K000488583]!; isolectotype: MO</p><p>[MO194881] photo!).</p><p>= Tovomita stenantha Standl. in Trop. Woods 42: 23. 1935. – Holotype: Panama, San Blas, 21–28 Apr 1933, G. P. Cooper 255 (F [F0054530 F] photo!; isotype: NY [NY00073987]!).</p><p>= Tovomita membranifolia Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 160. 1940. – Holotype: Panama, Chepigana, Dist. Darién, Cana-Cuasi trail (Camp 2), 10 Mar 1940, M. E. Terry &amp; R. A. Terry 1478 (F [F0054529 F] photo!; isotypes: A [A00067876]!, MO [MO1196537] photo!).</p><p>= Tovomita killipii Cuatrec. in Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 8: 62. 1950. – Lectotype (designated here): Colombia, Valle del Cauca, dense forest along highway, 10–15 km east of Buenaventura, near sea level, 12 Apr 1939, E. P. Killip 34918 (F [F0054538 F] photo!; isolectotypes: COL [COL000002841] photo!, F [F0054539 F] photo!, US).</p><p>Description — Treelets up to 7 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1.2–1.6 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 5.5– 14.3 × 2.4–8.7 cm, greyish in sicco, black dots sometimes present, chartaceous, elliptic to ovate, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate with drip tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–9 pairs, 5–21 mm apart from each other, forming angle 55°–75° to midvein, prominent abaxially, strongly arcuate near margin, sometimes connecting to each other; intersecondary veins present, two or more per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ usually lax cyme with 3–4 basal branches and up to 33 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower or dichasium, dichasia sometimes reduced lacking central flower, lenticels absent. Pedicels 5–19 mm long, green, distal portion dilated, proximally articulated on all flowers or not articulated on central flower of dichasia (when present); calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 8.5–11 mm long, oblong, apex acute, lenticels absent. Sepals 2, 8.5–11 × 3.5 mm, oblong to linear, apex acute, greenish to pale yellow; petals 4, 7.2–8.8 × 1.5–2.3 mm, linear to spatulate, ± deflexed, apex acute, yellowish. Staminate flowers: stamens 45–50, 3–6.8 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments filiform-terete, white; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous, white. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 45–50, 6–8 mm long, white; 1.2–1.5 mm, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, greenish, styles 1.5–2 mm long, stigmas 4, c. 0.5 mm in diam., white. Capsules fleshy, 1.6–2.3 × 1.4–1.6 cm, 4-septate, spheroid to turbinate when closed, not costate or lobed, basal portion of styles forming a rostrum, c. 3 mm long, free styles portion, 4–6.5 mm long, epicarp asperous, lenticels present, brown when immature and mature, mesocarp purplish-red; sepals and petals caducous, staminodes and stigmas persistent; pedicel elongat- ed on fruits, reaching 4.2 cm long. Aril orange. Fig. 81.</p><p>Distribution — Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó), Costa Rica (Puntarenas), Panama (Coclé, Colón, Darién, Panama, San Blas, Veraguas). Fig. 82.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — The sepals in Tovomita stylosa are partially fused in anthesis, and sometimes this is erroneously interpreted as if flowers have a single sepal. The species can be recognized by the oblong floral buds with acute apex, linear and acute petals (Fig. 81C), distally thickened pedicels (Fig. 81G), filiform-terete filaments (Fig. 81C–F), and fruits with asperous epicarp (Fig. 81G).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — COLOMBIA: ANTIOQUIA: Amalfi, Vereda “El Oso”, 06°54'N, 75°08'W, 30 Sep 1988, bud, J . Betancur &amp; al. 898 (NY!). CHOCÓ: East side of Serranía Del Daríen, approached from Acandi, 14 Jan 1983, bud, A . Juncosa 647 (NY!) . — COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Osa Peninsula, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.51667/lat 8.616667)">Guiamí Reserve</a>, 300 m NW of school, 08°37'N, 83°31'W, 160 m, 21 Jul 1992, fr., K . Thomsen 35 (CAS!) . — PANAMA: COCLÉ: Along Llano Grande to Coclesito road above Cascajal, 08°42'N, 80°28'W, 500 m, 11 Jan 1986, fr., G . McPherson 7961 (NY!). COLÓN: Santa Rita ridge, 7 km by road from Transistimian Hwy. 13 Feb 1974, fr., M . Nee &amp; M . Hale 9675 (CAS!). DARIÉN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.11667/lat 7.4)">Ridges on Punta Guayabo Grande</a>, 07°24'N, 78°07'W, 22 Jan 1982, fl. ♂, S . Knapp &amp; J . Mallet 3002 (NY!) . PANAMÁ: along Llalo Cartí road, c. 7 miles from Pan-American Highway, 09°15'N, 79°00'W, 400 m, G . McPherson &amp; M . Merello 8206 (CAS!). SAN BLAS: 19.1 km from Interamerica Hwy., on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.316667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.916664/lat 9.316667)">Llano-Cartí</a> road, 09°19'N, 78°55'W, 19 Sep 1984, fr., G . de Nevers &amp; al. 3920 (PMA photo!). VERAGUAS: forest on N slopes of summit of ridge S of Guacoco, 360 m, 18 Sep 1982, fl. ♂, W . G . D’Arcy 15134 (NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF8FFFC7FF43F86EFDC0FBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FF8DFFF8FF43FB8EFB06F857.text	03A0CB73FF8DFFF8FF43FB8EFB06F857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita tenuiflora Planch. & Triana	<div><p>57. Tovomita tenuiflora Benth. ex Planch. &amp; Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, 14: 272. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): “ Venezuela ”, Fleuve Casiquiari, Vaciva et Pacimoni, 1853–1854, R. Spruce 3391 (P [P00093877]!; isolectotypes: BM [BM000047401] photo!, BR [BR0000005915514] photo!, G [G00355504] photo!, G photo!, GH [GH00067918]!, K [K000488540]!, K [K000488541]!, MPU [MPU014286] photo!, NY [NY00578999]!, P [P00093876]!, RB [RB00539009]!, TCD [TCD0000899] photo!).</p><p>Description — Shrubs or trees up to 6 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1–1.5 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9.7– 24 × 4–10 cm, dark brown in sicco, black dots absent, chartaceous, obovate, base decurrent, apex rounded to acuminate; papillae and lenticels absent, fungal spots sometimes present; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins c. 35 pairs, 2.5–3 mm apart from each other, forming angle c. 70° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one per intercostal area, similar to secondary veins, parallel to major secondary,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent inconspicuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 or 7 basal branches and up to 100 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 5–7 mm long, green, not articulate; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 5–7 mm long, narrowly oblong, apex acute, lenticels absent, blackened in sicco. Sepals 2, 5–7 × 1.5–2 mm, narrowly oblong, apex acute, green; petals 4, c. 5 × 1–1.2 mm, narrowly oblong to oblong, position not seen, apex acute, white. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 50, 5.5–7 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments filiform-terete, white; anthers 0.2–0.3 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules fleshy, 1.6–2 × 1.4–1.5 cm, 4-septate, spheroid to ovoid when closed, rostrum present, 3–3.5 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature, mature fruit and mesocarp coloration not seen; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril coloration not seen.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Engler (1888: 98).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas, Meta, Guaínia), Ecuador (Orellana), Peru (Loreto), Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 80.</p><p>Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho &amp; Beech 2019).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes — Among the two specimens housed at P — possibly used by Triana to describe the species — P00093877 bears more floral buds, which we chose as lectotype .</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita tenuiflora can be recognized by the long leaves with c. 35 pairs of secondary veins and flower buds with an acute apex and blackened in sicco. Several herbarium specimens of T. tenuiflora have been labelled as T. carinata, possibly due to the similar floral buds also blackened in sicco. The two species can be distinguished by leaf texture (chartaceous vs subcoriaceous in T. carinata), floral bud apex (acute vs usually rounded in T. carinata) and, especially, by the c. 50 filiform-terete stamens (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) (vs &lt;35 terete stamens/staminodes in T. carinata).</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Rio Negro, Ilha das Flores, 23 Feb 1959, bud, J. S . Rodrigues 132 (A!, IAN!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Araracuara, Villazul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.56666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.13333/lat -0.56666666)">Río Caquetá</a>, margen izquierda, 00°34'S, 72°08'W, 22 Nov 1989, sterile, C . Londoño &amp; al. 1448 (COAH!) . META: Puerto Rico, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.40667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.9161112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.40667/lat 2.9161112)">Vereda Fundadores</a> bajo, 02°54'58"N, 73°24'24"W, 17 Nov 2017, bud, F . Castro &amp; J . Phillips 4362 (COAH!) . GUAINÍA: Río Guainía, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.23&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.2994444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.23/lat 2.2994444)">Comunidad de Frito Sipanapi</a>, 02°17'58"N, 67°13'48"W, 80 m, 10 Oct 2021, bud, W . Vargas &amp; al. 36311 (COAH!) . — ECUADOR: ORELLANA: via de acesso <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.92444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.685" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.92444/lat -0.685)">Chiruisla-Río Tiputini</a>, 00°41'06"S, 75°55'28"W, 200–220 m, 23 Oct 2005, bud, A. J . Pérez &amp; al. 2368 (W!) . — PERU: LORETO: Maynas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.3666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.916664/lat -3.3666668)">Dtto. Las Amazonas</a>, 03°22'S, 72°55'W, 100–140 m, 23 Feb 1991, sterile, J . Pipoly &amp; al. 13428 (CAS!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: vicinity of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.96667/lat 1.95)">Solano on Brozo Casiquiare</a>, 01°57'N, 66°58'W, 120 m, 2 Feb 1980, bud, R . Liesner 8993 (NY!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FF8DFFF8FF43FB8EFB06F857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFB3FFF9FF43FF2EFE18FD37.text	03A0CB73FFB3FFF9FF43FF2EFE18FD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita trojitana Cuatrec.	<div><p>58. Tovomita trojitana Cuatrec . in Anales Inst. Biol.</p><p>Univ. Nac. México 20: 103.</p><p>1949. – Holotype: Colombia,</p><p>Valle del Cauca, Río Calima</p><p>(región Del Chocó), La Tro-</p><p>jita, 5–50 m, 21 Feb 1944, J .</p><p>Cuatrecasas 16300 (F mount-</p><p>ed in 2 sheets [F0054553F,</p><p>F0054554 F] photos!; isotypes:</p><p>COL [COL000002854] photo!, COL [COL000002855]</p><p>photo!, NY [NY00076050]!,</p><p>US [US 00114304] photo!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFB3FFF9FF43FF2EFE18FD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFB6FFFEFC94F92EFADEF857.text	03A0CB73FFB6FFFEFC94F92EFADEF857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita volkeri L. Marinho	<div><p>61. Tovomita volkeri L. Marinho in Pl. Syst. Evol. 302: 1129. 2016. – Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.083332/lat -2.3166666)">Distrito Agropecuário da Suframa</a>, rodovia BR174, km 72 depois 6 km oeste da BR, Fazenda Dimona, 02°19'S, 60°05'W, 10 Jun 1985, M. J. R. Pereira e equipe s.n. (INPA [no. 187851]!; isotype: NY [NY1417144]!).</p><p>Description — Trees up to 19 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1.5–2.5 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9–20.5 × 2.3–8.5 cm, dark brown adaxially and light brown abaxially in sicco, black dots present abaxially, chartaceous, elliptic to obovate, base decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals clearly visible in young leaves, immersed in both surfaces, more or less parallel to secondary vein. Venation: secondary veins 10–15 pairs, 4–16 mm apart from each other, forming angle 40°–50° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating,&gt; 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent convex; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ usually congested cyme with 3 or 5 basal branches and up to 60 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 12 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 6–10 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–8 mm long, cylindric to oblong, apex acute to mucronulate, lenticels absent, blackened in sicco. Sepals 2, 7–9 × 2.5–3 mm, oblong, apex acute, green; petals 4, 4.6–6.5 × 1–2 mm, elliptic to linear, patent, obtuse to acute, coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens 25–30, 4.5–6.3 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments filiform-terete, white; anthers 0.2–0.4 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 1.4–1.5 mm long, conic. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 25–30, 4.5–6.3 mm long, coloration not seen; ovary c. 5 mm long, 4-costate, 4-locular, coloration not seen, stigmas 4, sessile, 0.3–0.4 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 2.5–6 × 1.5 cm, 4-septate, rhombic to obovate when closed, 4-costate, rostrum present, c. 3 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 86.</p><p>Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho &amp; al. (2016c: 1132).</p><p>Distribution — Brazil (Acre, Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas, Meta, Vaupés), Peru (Amazonas, Huanuco, Loreto, Pasco), and Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 85.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho &amp; Beech (2019).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita volkeri can be recognized by the secondary veins forming an angle of 40°–50° to the midvein (Fig. 86C), cylindric to oblong floral buds with an acute to mucronulate apex. The stamens (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) are filiform-terete, and the fruits are strongly costate with smooth epicarp (Fig. 86D). Tovomita volkeri shares with T. tenuiflora the cylindric to oblong floral buds and filiform-terete stamens, but it can be distinguished by the number of secondary veins (10–15 vs c. 35 pairs in T. tenuiflora). In herbarium samples the floral buds of T. volkeri assume a notorious blackish coloration.</p><p>Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ACRE: Cruzeiro do Sul, Projeto RADAM , sub-base de Cruzeiro do Sul, 19 Feb 1976, fr., L. R . Marinho 257 (HRB!, IAN!); AMAZONAS: Coari, 20 Jan 1989, fr., J. M. S . Miralha &amp; al. 105 (CEPEC!, INPA!, NY!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Araracuara Villazul, Río Caquetá, 00°34'S, 72°08'W, 18 Sep 1989, bud, C . Lodroño &amp; al. 829 (NY!); META: La Macarena, vereda <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.51361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.613611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.51361/lat 2.613611)">Alto de Guaduas</a>, 02°36'49"N, 74°30'49"W, 13 Aug 2013, sterile, M . Yepes &amp; J. C . Gonzales 594 (COAH!). VAUPÉS: Mitú and vicinity low- er Río Kubiyú, 11 Apr 1975, fr., J. L . Zarucchi &amp; E. W . Davis 1179 (GH!, NY!) . — PERU: AMAZONAS: Distrito Imaza, Yamayakat, 05°03'20"S, 78°20'23"W, 480 m, R . Vásquez &amp; al. 21643 (NY!); HUANUCO: Prov. Pachitea, region <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.833336/lat -9.483334)">Pucallpa</a>, 09°29'S, 74°50'W, 360 m, W . Morawetz &amp; B . Wallnöfer V29-13888 (W!); LORETO: Prov. Almendras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.416664/lat -3.8)">Río Nanay</a>, 03°48'S, 73°25'W, 10 Apr 1985, fr., R . Vásquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 6318 (K!); PASCO: Prov. Oxapampa, Cabeza de Mono, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.3/lat -10.333333)">Río Iscozacin</a>, 10°20'S, 75°18'W, 7 Jun 1983, sterile, A . Gentry &amp; al. 41566 (NY!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: San Carlos de Río Negro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.05/lat 1.9333334)">Río Negro</a> and Brazo Casaquiare, 01°56'N, 67°03'W, 25 Sep 1981, bud fl. ♀, H. L . Clark &amp; P . Maquirino 8326 (INPA!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFB6FFFEFC94F92EFADEF857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFB5FFFFFF43FF2EFAE8F857.text	03A0CB73FFB5FFFFFF43FF2EFAE8F857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita xanthochlora L. Marinho. We 2025	<div><p>62. Tovomita xanthochlora L. Marinho, sp. nov. – Fig. 87. Holotype: Costa Rica, San José, Tarrazú, San Lorenzo, Ladera oeste de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.020836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.552778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.020836/lat 9.552778)">Río Naranjito. Estribaciones de Cerro Diamante</a>, 09°33'10"N, 84°01'15"W, 400–700 m, 3 Apr 1997, fl. ♂, J. Sanchéz &amp; al. 749. (CR [no. 221795]; isotypes: NY!, US [US 02960442] photo!).</p><p>Vernacular name — Mangle dulce.</p><p>Diagnosis — Tovomita xanthochlora is similar to T. crassidactyla, from which it can be distinguished by chartaceous (vs coriaceous) leaf blades, floral buds with a rounded (vs apiculate) apex, and more elongated (6.5– 19 mm long) and thinner (≤ 1 mm wide) pedicels (vs short [5–8 mm long] and thick [&gt; 1 mm wide]). Fruits of T. xanthochlora are obovate-pyriform and have a conspicuous rostrum, unlike those of T. crassidactyla, which are pyriform, with a narrow base and without a rostrum.</p><p>Description — Treelets or trees up to 18 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow-orangish. Petioles 0.8–2.9 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9.3–17.6 × 3.5–8 cm, light brown to copper-coloured in sicco, black dots absent, chartaceous, elliptic to slightly obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex convex to acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–9 pairs, 10–27 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–70° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate near margin; intersecondary veins present, one per intercostal area, much thinner and proximally connected to secondary veins, &lt;50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with (3–)5 basal branches and up to 37 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ 5-flowered cyme (on fruit), lenticels absent, dichasia sometimes reduced lacking central flower. Pedicels 6.5–19 mm long (c. 30 mm on fruit), green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 5–6 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 5–7.5 × 4–6 mm, oblong to circular, apex rounded, green; petals 6, 8.5–9 × 5–7.5 mm, oblong to circular, reflexed, apex rounded, greenish-yellow. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 70, 3.8–4.5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, yellowish-white; anthers c. 1 mm long, yellowish-white, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 70, c. 3 mm long, yellowish-white; ovary c. 4 mm long, 5-locular, yellowish, stigmas 5, subsessile, c. 0.2 mm in diam., yellowish-white. Capsules fleshy, 2.7–3.5 × 2.4–2.7 cm, 5-septate, obovate-pyriform when closed, slightly costate, rostrum present, 5–11 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when mature and immature, mesocarp pinkish to purplish-red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange.</p><p>Distribution — Costa Rica (Limón, Puntarenas, San José), Panama (Bocas Del Toro). Fig. 33.</p><p>Conservation status — Since the Costa Rican herbaria were not visited, we assessed the species as Data Deficient (DD).</p><p>Etymology — The specific epithet refers to the coloration of the flowers, which are greenish-yellow. It is an adjective, derived from Greek ξανΘός (xanthos), yellow, and χλωρός (chloros), green.</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Tovomita xanthochlora differs from T. crassidactyla by the floral buds with a rounded apex and, especially, by the more elongated and thin pedicels (vs short and thick in T. crassidactyla). The fruits of T. xanthochlora are rounded and generally have a conspicuous rostrum (Fig. 87G), unlike those of T. crassidactyla, which are pyriform, with a narrow base and without a rostrum (Fig. 32C). Other characteristics that are helpful to differentiate T. xanthochlora from oth- er similar species, such as T. longifolia, T. plumieri, and T. megantha are presented in Table 2 (also see Fig. 58).</p><p>Specimens examined — COSTA RICA: LIMÓN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.033334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.416664/lat 10.033334)">Cordillera de Talamanca</a>, along ridge descending to main fork of Quebrada Cañabral, 10°02'N, 83°25'W, 280–400 m, 6 Sep 1988, bud, M . Grayum &amp; al. 8847 (CR, MEXU photo!) . PUNTARENAS: Reserva Florestal Golfo Dulce Aguabuena. Golfito, 08°43'20"N, 83°31'30"W, 50–150 m, 5 Aug 1991, bud, R . Aguilar 186 (CR, MEXU photo!, MO photo!); ibid., 31 Aug 1991, fl. ♀, R . Aguilar 293 (MO photo!); Osa Peninsula, Aguabuena, 3.5 km W of Rincón. Along trail leading north from house of don Quecho, W of BOSCOSA station, 08°43'N, 83°31'W, 300 m, 19 Jul 1992, bud, K . Thomsen 12 (C, CAS! CR, UC!); Aguabuena, 3.5 km W of Rincón. Four-hectare permanent sample plot 1 km N of BOSCOSA station in well-drained terrain with slopes of 15°–35°, 08°43'N, 83°31'W, 350 m, 5 Nov 1992, fr., K . Thomsen 631 (C, K!, NY!); ibid., 17 Jan 1993, fr., K . Thomsen 230 (C, CAS!, CR, UC!) . SAN JOSÉ: Tarrazú, San Lorenzo, Ladera oeste de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.020836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.552778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.020836/lat 9.552778)">Río Naranjito. Estribaciones de Cerro Diamante</a>, 09°33'10"N, 84°01'15"W, 400–700 m, 3 Apr 1997, bud, J . Sanchéz &amp; al. 756 A (CR, NY!); Tarrazú, Llanos de Santa María, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.997215&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.598611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.997215/lat 9.598611)">Cerro Nene</a>, finca de Henry Marín, 09°35'55"N, 83°59'50"W, 900–1300 m, 19 Aug 1997, bud, A . Estrada &amp; O . Valverde 1085 (CR, K!, MEXU photo!); Acosta, Cuena del Pirrís-Damas, Fila San Jeronimo, c. 1 km, suroeste, línea recta de San Jerônimo de Acosta, 800 m, 7 Apr 2004, fl. ♀, B . Hammel &amp; J . Morales 22945 (INB photo!, MO photo!) . — PANAMA: BOCAS DEL TORO: along oleoducto road between continental divide and Chiriquí Grande, 08°50'–55' N, 82°09'– 15'W, 350–400 m, 30–1 Apr–Mai 1985, fr., B . Hammel 13702 (MEXU photo!, MO); along road past Fortuna dam toward <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.25/lat 8.833333)">Chiriquí Grande</a>, 08°50'N, 82°15'W, 300 m, 4 Mar 1986, fr., G . McPherson 8530 (MEXU photo!, MO) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFB5FFFFFF43FF2EFAE8F857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FC94FDAEFAA8FC77.text	03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FC94FDAEFAA8FC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clusia brisensis L. Marinho & J. E. Nascim. 2025	<div><p>2. Clusia brisensis L. Marinho &amp; J. E. Nascim., nom. nov. ≡ Tovomita parviflora Cuatrec. in Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 8: 63. 1950 [non Clusia parviflora Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 976. 1805; non Clusia parviflora Engl. in Martius &amp; al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 406. 1888, nom. illeg.]. – Holotype: Colombia, Dep. Valle [Valle Del Cauca], Cordillera Occidental, filo de la cordillera al sur de Las Brisas, entre Las Brisas y La Marina, 1850– 1730 m (vía Cartago-Albán), 27 Oct 1946, J. Cuatrecasas 22652 (F [F0054548F] photo!; isotypes: COL [COL000002849] photo!, NY [NY00578990]!, P [P00093863]!, US [US 00114298] photo!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FC94FDAEFAA8FC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FCEBFAE1FA30F897.text	03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FCEBFAE1FA30F897.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita	<div><p>Perspectives for Tovomita</p><p>The recent contributions to the taxonomy of Tovomita brought to light many new species for the genus (a complete list of names published in Tovomita can be seen in Table 3). These new taxa were discovered during field expeditions or in visits to smaller herbaria, most of them in Brazil. This shows the importance of continuing this study through taxonomic treatments and local floras carried out in other countries, where, certainly, there will be more new taxa to be discovered. Ondo &amp; al. (2024) argue that more than 15 % of all vascular plant species may remain scientifically undescribed, especially in regions considered as “darkspots”, such as Colombia and Peru. Taxonomic treatments carried out by residents will clarify the morphological variations of Tovomita species and shed new light on what was still unresolved in this review.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FCEBFAE1FA30F897	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FF69FEEEFDEEFB57.text	03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FF69FEEEFDEEFB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita turbinata Planch. & Triana	<div><p>1. Tovomita turbinata Planch. &amp; Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 14: 283. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): [Colombia, Valle del Cauca] Nouvelle-Grenade, port de la Buenaventura, sur les côtes de l’ocean Pacifique, parmi les Rhizophora, “alt 50, Apr 1853 ”, J. Triana “ 5433 ” (BM [BM000047403] photo!; isolectotypes: COL [COL000002856] photo!, P [P00093866]!).</p><p>Other specimens examined — VENEZUELA: Prope coloniam Tovar, 1856–1857, A. Fendler 2542 (GH 00872907!, K 000488580!).</p><p>Recognition and discussion — The type collection of Tovomita turbinata bears only fruits. These fruits are turbinate with asperous epicarp and four septa, which makes them very similar to the fruits of T. fructipendula and T. stylosa . However, the distal portion of the pedicel is slightly dilated, differing from the latter two species. Since the type collection does not have a unique character that makes the species readily recognizable, we maintain T. turbinata as an insufficiently known species.</p><p>Besides the type collection, there is only one additional historical collection housed in the GH and K herbaria labelled as Tovomita turbinata . The specimen in K, although having a label identical to those in the type specimens, also has another label annotated as “second collection”. This material is not part of the type collection due to differences in colour, size and texture of the leaves, although the fruit has a dilated pedicel, asperous epicarp and four valves, which leads us to believe that it is indeed a specimen of T. turbinata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FF69FEEEFDEEFB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FF69FAEEFE1CF9D7.text	03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FF69FAEEFE1CF9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tovomita uniflora (Choisy) G. Don, Gen. Hist.	<div><p>2. Tovomita uniflora (Choisy) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 617. 1831 ≡ Marialva uniflora Choisy, Mém. Nouv. Gen. Guttif.: 15. 1823. – Type: Guyana, not found.</p><p>Recognition and discussion — Marialva uniflora was proposed by Choisy (1823) with a brief diagnosis. The description mentions “axillary peduncle”, a characteristic that does not occur in Tovomita, but can be seen in Chrysochlamys and Dystovomita . No specimens were mentioned in the protologue and nothing was found in the herbaria examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0CB73FFBAFFF0FF69FAEEFE1CF9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Fiaschi, Pedro;Amorim, André Márcio	Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Fiaschi, Pedro, Amorim, André Márcio (2025): Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Tovomita (Clusiaceae). Willdenowia 55 (1): 145-258, DOI: 10.3372/wi.55.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.11
