taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AE937EFFBDFFB2E548E9CDB4D7B3D4.taxon	description	corresponding author e-mail: b. dewilde-duyfjes @ naturalis. nl.	en	de Wilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2014): Ammannia (Lythraceae) in Malesia. Blumea 59 (1): 11-18, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X681676, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x681676
03AE937EFFBDFFB2E548E9CDB4D7B3D4.taxon	description	Ammannella Miq. (1856) 618. — Type: Ammannella linearis Miq. = Ammannia octandra L. f. Hapalocarpum (Wight & Arn.) Miq. (1856) 618. — Ammannia subg. Hapalocarpum Wight & Arn. (1834) 305. — Lectotype (here designated): Ammannia vesicatoria Roxb. Annual (or biennial), mostly erect herbs of open wet places, glabrous (calyx glabrous or hairy), branches ± quadrangular. Leaves decussate, sessile, 1 - nerved. Inflorescences dichasial, (1 –) 3 – many-flowered, sessile or peduncled; bracteoles 2, minute. Flowers actinomorphic, 4 (– 6) - merous, calyx tube (hypanthium) campanulate or urceolate, 4 – 8 - nerved, epicalyxlike appendages obvious, or minute or absent, sepals (calyx lobes) short; petals absent or small, fugacious; stamens 4 (– 8), inserted in the lower half of the calyx tube, episepalous, included or exserted; ovary incompletely (1 –) 2 – 4 (– 5) - locular, placen- tas axile (but because of thin incomplete septa in fruit mostly showing up as central), in A. dichotoma perietal; style shorter or longer than ovary; disc absent. Capsule (sub) globose, thin-walled, not transversely striate, irregularly transversely rupturing. Seeds numerous, concave-convex, angular, 0.3 – 0.5 mm long.	en	de Wilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2014): Ammannia (Lythraceae) in Malesia. Blumea 59 (1): 11-18, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X681676, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x681676
03AE937EFFBFFFB1E607EAD1B5C9B21D.taxon	description	Ammannia vesicatoria Roxb. (1820) 447; (1832) 426; Moritzi (1846) 12. — Hapalocarpum vesicatorium (Roxb.) Miq. (1856) 618. — Type: Roxburgh s. n. (not seen).	en	de Wilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2014): Ammannia (Lythraceae) in Malesia. Blumea 59 (1): 11-18, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X681676, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x681676
03AE937EFFBFFFB1E607EAD1B5C9B21D.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Widespread: Africa, S & SE Asia (China, type), Australia; introduced in America and Europe; in Malesia: widespread. Habitat & Ecology — Lowland; soggy rice fields, wet open places. Flowering and fruiting all year round. Malesian material examined. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, Sinclair 10701 (Johore). – SUMATRA, Asdat 198; De Wilde & Duyfjes 4095; Iwatsuki et al. S 1534; Lörzing 12932; Meijer 5690 a. – JAVA, Backer 7807,15328, 20479 (Madoera), 27798 (Kangean), 33033, 36571, 36854, 37134, s. n. L 0931491; Blume 112 b, s. n. L 0931494, s. n. L 0931495, s. n. L 0931496, s. n. L 0931682, s. n. L 2478462; Boerlage s. n. L 0931489; Clason A 50, 142, 173, 226, 233; Coert 483; De Voogd s. n. L 2478376; Hoogerwerf s. n. L 2478372; Kievits 2488,2509; Kooper 526; Koorders 28281, 40915 (Bantam); Kuhl & Van Hasselt s. n. L 0931490; Radermacher s. n. L 2478371, s. n. L 2478372, s. n. L 2478464. – PHILIPPINES, Luzon, Hallier 4361; Iwatsuki et al. P 26; McGregor BS 41462; Merrill 425, 775; Milicante 71; Ramos BS 2691; Mindanao, Edaño PNH 11314. – LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS, Sumba, Monod de Froideville 2002; Verheijen 4177; Pulau Roti, Verheijen 2441; Timor, Kooy 34, 920; Riedlé s. n. L 0931683; Schmutz 2390; Van Steenis 18200; Walsh 486; Tanimbar, Buwalda 4670 (Pulau Jamdena). – IRIAN JAYA, Edwards et al. 4095. – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Schodde 2618. Notes — Ammannia vesicatoria is according to Roxburgh (1820, 1832) an exceedingly acrid herb. We have not perceived this character (‘ acrid’) in living specimens in the wild. The specimens under Wallich 2098 belong to the present species A. baccifera, but we have no indications that they are original specimens for Roxburgh’s name vesicatoria.	en	de Wilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2014): Ammannia (Lythraceae) in Malesia. Blumea 59 (1): 11-18, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X681676, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x681676
03AE937EFFBEFFB1E548EBF8B675B18B.taxon	distribution	Distribution — North, Central and NE South America; natu- ralized in the Pacific Islands (Guam, Hawaii), China (Taiwan), and the Philippines; Europe (Portugal, Italy). Habitat & Ecology — Damp sites; in Malesia in lowland paddy fields. Flowering and fruiting recorded from October. Malesian material examined. PHILIPPINES, Luzon, Mendoza PNH 22503. Note — Ammannia coccinea is an amphidiploid species derived from A. auriculata and A. robusta (an American species); see Graham 1985.	en	de Wilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2014): Ammannia (Lythraceae) in Malesia. Blumea 59 (1): 11-18, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X681676, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x681676
03AE937EFFBEFFB1E607EFC2B2EFB2B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Sumatra, Java, S Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Flores, Timor). Habitat & Ecology — In wet and muddy places, often in rice fields; also on limestone; from sea level to 1 500 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round. Malesian material examined. SUMATRA, Alston 13776. – JAVA, Backer 7807, 37355, s. n. L 0931491; Bakhuizen van den Brink 1032; Beumé 5679; Blume 112 b, s. n. L 0931494, s. n. L 0931495, s. n. L 0931496, s. n. L 0931682 (type); Boerlage s. n. L 0931489; Clason 186, 226, 255, 264, 266, A 49; Coert s. n. L 0931482; Danser 5679; Koorders 21794, 28076; Kuhl & van Hasselt s. n. L 0931490; Nedi & Idjan 226; Winckel 1565. – SULAWESI, Bünnemeijer 11104, 11402; Noerkas (exp. van Vuuren) 317; Robinson 2462. – LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS, Lombok, Elbert 120,2367; Flores, Kostermans s. n. L 0931467; Schmutz 5914; Verheijen 4456, s. n. HLB 993114027; Timor, Kooy 501; Riedlé s. n. L 0931683; Schmutz 2338; Teijsmann L 0931475; Unknown s. n. L 0931474, s. n. L 0931475; Verheijen 2165,2166,2167; Zippelius L 0931477.	en	de Wilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2014): Ammannia (Lythraceae) in Malesia. Blumea 59 (1): 11-18, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X681676, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x681676
03AE937EFFBEFFB4E607EB93B568B423.taxon	description	Herba basin pauciramosa, folia basi subauriculata, inflorescentiae subses- siles, (pedunculus c. 0.5 mm longus), petala adsunt, stamina 4, stylus ovario breviore, placenta centralis ut videtur. — Typus: Clason 267 (holo L), Indonesia, E Java. Erect, annual, glabrous herb, 25 – 50 cm tall, few-branched at base, the branches about as long as the main stem; stem 4 - angular but angles rounded. Leaves sessile; lamina narrowly elliptic, 1.5 – 4 by 0.4 – 1.2 cm, base broadened, subauricu- late, apex blunt (rounded) or acute, 1 - nerved. Inflorescences 1 – 4 - flowered (sub) sessile clusters; peduncle up to 0.5 mm long. Flowers 4 - merous; pedicel 0.2 (– 0.5) mm long, (articulate?); calyx tube campanulate, (0.5 –) 1 mm long, faintly 8 - ribbed, lobes patent, broad-triangular, c. 0.5 mm long, acute, append- ages conspicuous, c. 0.3 (– 0.5) mm long, acute; petals pale pink, subcircular, c. 0.2 mm diam; stamens 4, included, inserted towards the base of the tube; ovary broad-ellipsoid, c. 0.8 mm long, style c. 0.3 mm long; placenta axile, in fruit showing up as central. Capsules globose, (1.5 –) 2 mm diam, for c. 1 / 3 exserted from calyx; style c. 0.4 mm long. Seeds numerous, yellow-brown, c. 0.3 mm long. Distribution — E Java (Malang), known only from the type. Habitat & Ecology — In ripe paddy fields on good soil; alti- tude not indicated. Flowering and fruiting in June. Collector’s notes — Plant more sappy than other Ammannias, common. Note — This species, known only from a single gathering, was annotated as common. Possibly it originated as a hybrid, and in that case perhaps with A. baccifera and A. auriculata 2 mm Fig. 3 Ammannia octandra L. f. a. Habit of plant; b. flower bud; c. flower; d. flower, opened; e. pistil; f. fruit within persistent calyx; g. seed, two views. — Re- produced with permission from Soerjani et al. (1987). as parents, both species widespread and extremely polymorphic, and both occurring in E Java. Ammannia herbacea with a different general habit (i. e. few-branched at base and more weakly built and juicy) cannot go, however, with either of these species: A. baccifera differs in having leaf lamina attenuate at base (in Asia) and lacking petals, while A. auriculata differs in having peduncled inflorescences and a style longer than the ovary. We checked whether it could be an introduction by consulting regional revisions of Ammannia outside Malesia viz. Qin & Graham (2007) for China, Hewson (1990) for Australia, Fernandes (1970, 1978, 1980) for southern Africa, Immelman (1991) for South Africa and Verdcourt (1994) for E Africa, but the taxon does not fit any of the species accounted for there. Ammannia herbacea was recorded as common, but apparently as yet has not dispersed outside its locality.	en	de Wilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2014): Ammannia (Lythraceae) in Malesia. Blumea 59 (1): 11-18, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X681676, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x681676
03AE937EFFBBFFB4E548EDE2B597B057.taxon	description	Erect, annual, glabrous herb, 25 – 100 cm tall, much-branched; stem 4 - angular, not winged. Leaves sessile; lamina glabrous, linear-lanceolate, 3 – 8 by 0.3 – 1 cm, base broadly cordate, apex acute, midrib stout, raised beneath. Inflorescences peduncled 2 – 4 - flowered cymes; peduncle 1.5 – 4 mm long, bracts minute. Flowers 4 - merous; pedicel short, c. 0.5 mm long; calyx tube green, glabrous, 4 – 5 mm long, sharply 4 - angled or (nearly) winged, margin often finely serrate, lobes 1 – 1.5 mm long, ap- pendages minute, acute, curved towards inside; petals 4, red, broadly obovate, 3 – 4 mm long, caducous; stamens 8, inserted just below halfway in the tube, filaments red, finally exserted, anthers yellow; ovary broadly ellipsoid c. 2 mm long, faintly 4 - grooved, style red with green at apex, 4 – 5 mm long, stigma minute. Capsules included within the calyx, c. 5 mm long. Seeds brown-yellow, 0.3 – 0.4 mm long. Distribution — India, Thailand; in Malesia: West and East Java. Habitat & Ecology — In wet paddy fields, at low altitudes. Flowering all year round. Malesian material examined. JAVA, Backer 5479, 33628, s. n. L 0931462; Coert 794; Dorgelo 608; Houwing 22; Kooper 518; Koorders 20883; Unknown s. n. L 931459. Note — Ammannia octandra is not common in Java, but Backer (1964) noted that it is sometimes locally abundant.	en	de Wilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2014): Ammannia (Lythraceae) in Malesia. Blumea 59 (1): 11-18, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X681676, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x681676
03AE937EFFBBFFB4E548E936B3D7B4CB.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands) known from 3 collections: Eichler 18268, WalkerANU 563, Womersley NGF 15301. Habitat & Ecology — Prostrate herb in peat swamp; c. 2 500 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting from May to August. Fieldnotes — The stem is recorded as juicy and the petals as pale blue, but it is likely that the colour of the latter is more purplish or pinkish. Note — According to S. A. Graham (Missouri, in litt.), who examined all three collections known to date, this species belongs in the genus Ammannia. However, its procumbent habit is infrequent in Ammannia s. str., and a similar spreading habit occurs in some Nesaea species, now included in Ammannia. Furthermore, the few and larger seeds are also a-typical. The pollen is of the Ammannia - Nesaea type, although very small (min. 16 by 12 µm) for the genus.	en	de Wilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2014): Ammannia (Lythraceae) in Malesia. Blumea 59 (1): 11-18, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X681676, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x681676
