identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AA87AEFFBC953D420EF9DFA613F96C.text	03AA87AEFFBC953D420EF9DFA613F96C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buthus Leach 1815	<div><p>Genus Buthus Leach</p><p>Type species: Buthus occitanus (Amoreux)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87AEFFBC953D420EF9DFA613F96C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yağmur, Ersen Aydın;Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ;Hadjiconstantis, Michael;Bağlar, Hasan;Gücel, Salih	Yağmur, Ersen Aydın, Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ, Hadjiconstantis, Michael, Bağlar, Hasan, Gücel, Salih (2025): The morphology of Buthus kunti Yağmur, Koç & Lourenço (Scorpiones: Buthidae) and first description of male with some ecological observations. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1775-1805, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498715, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498715
03AA87AEFFBF9539419FFA7BA7ADFE7B.text	03AA87AEFFBF9539419FFA7BA7ADFE7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buthus kunti Yagmur, Koc & Lourenco 2011	<div><p>Buthus kunti Yağmur, Koç &amp; Lourenço</p><p>(Figures 1–19, 23–27, Table 1)</p><p>Buthus kunti Yağmur, KoÇ &amp; LourenÇo, 2011, pp. 29–33; fig. 1–12.</p><p>Buthus europaeus (Misidentification): Simon, 1879, p. 97.</p><p>Buthus occitanus (Misidentification): Kraepelin, 1891 (part), 199.</p><p>Buthus sp. Levy and Amitai,1980, p. 21.</p><p>Buthus kunti Kaltsas and John, 2016, pp. 509–510; fig. 3–5, 7, 10.</p><p>kunti . Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, posterior width), depth (D).</p><p>Type material</p><p>1 ♀ holotype, CYPRUS: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.423058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.58472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.423058/lat 35.58472)">Karpasia</a> peninsula <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.423058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.58472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.423058/lat 35.58472)">Region</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.423058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.58472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.423058/lat 35.58472)">Karpaz</a> – Καρπασία), Rizokarpasso Town (Dipkarpaz – ΡιζοΚΆρπασο), 2 km SE, 35°35 ʹ 05”N, 34°25 ʹ 23”E, 9 m (AZMM /Sco-2007:187) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.561943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.69139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.561943/lat 35.69139)">Paratypes</a>: 1 subadult ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.561943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.69139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.561943/lat 35.69139)">Karpasia Peninsula Region</a>, Cape Apostolos Andreas (Zafer headland – ΑΚρωτήρι ΑποστόλοΥ Ανδρέα), 2 km west, 35°41 ʹ 29”N, 34°33 ʹ 43”E, 14 m, leg . M . Z . Yıldız &amp; B .GÖÇmen (AZMM /Sco-2007:188).(This paratype was given as ‘subadult male’ by Yağmur et al. (2011), but its pectinal teeth number indicates the specimen is a female according to this study.)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CYPRUS: Karpasia peninsula Region (Karpaz – Καρπασία), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.579998&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.69278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.579998/lat 35.69278)">Cape Apostolos Andreas</a> (Zafer headland – ΑΚρωτήριο ΑποστόλοΥ Ανδρέα), 35°41 ʹ 34”N, 34°34 ʹ 48”E, 13 m, 3 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, 09.08 .2018, leg . E .A. Yağmur, S. Gücel &amp; K.B. Kunt (AZMM /Sco- 2018:216–227).</p><p>Photographic Records</p><p>Famagusta District (Gazimağusa – ΑμμόΧωστος), Agios Chariton Village (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.59722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.294167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.59722/lat 35.294167)">Ergenekon</a> – Άγιος Χαρίτων), 1 km southwest, 35°17 ʹ 39”N, 33°35 ʹ 50”E, 241 m . Photographed by H. Bağlar (Figure 18).</p><p>Larnaca District (Larnaka – ΛΆρναΚα), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.32972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.91889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.32972/lat 34.91889)">Delikipos</a> (ΔελίΚηπος) 34°55 ʹ 08”N, 33°19 ʹ 47”E, 7 specimens, leg . M . Aristophanous (Figure 19).</p><p>Literature records</p><p>Nicosia District (Lefkosia – Lefkoşa – ΛεΥΚωσία), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.23836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.068367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.23836/lat 35.068367)">Athalassa</a> 35°07 ʹ 57”N, 33°25 ʹ 17”E, Geri 35° 05 ʹ 50”N, 33°26 ʹ 21”E and Ergates 35°4 ʹ 06.13”N, 33°14 ʹ 18.10”E Areas, leg . M . Hadjiconstantis in Kaltsas and John (2016).</p><p>Limassol District (Λεμεσός), Akrotiri peninsula (Χερσόνησος ΑΚρωτηρίοΥ), leg. C. Makris in Kaltsas and John (2016).</p><p>Additional records</p><p>Famagusta District (Gazimağusa – ΑμμόΧωστος), Melounta (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.71639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.71639/lat 35.33861)">Mallıdağ</a> – Μελούντα), 35° 20 ʹ 19”N, 33°42 ʹ 59”E, 1 ♀, leg . M . Hadjiconstantis.</p><p>Larnaca District (Larnaka – ΛΆρναΚα), Xylotymbou (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.740833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.005833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.740833/lat 35.005833)">Xylotymvou</a> – ΞΥλοτύμβοΥ), 35° 00 ʹ 21”N, 33°44 ʹ 27”E, 1 ♀, leg . M . Hadjiconstantis.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.96139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.59361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.96139/lat 34.59361)">Limassol District</a> (Λεμεσός): Episkopi (ΕπισΚοπή), near Ancient Kourion Amphitheatre (ΑρΧαίο Θέατρο ΚοΥρίοΥ) 34°39 ʹ 52”N, 32°53 ʹ 29”E, 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Akrotiri peninsula (Χερσόνησος ΑΚρωτηρίοΥ) 34°35 ʹ 37”N, 32°57 ʹ 41”E, 1 ♀, leg . M . Hadjiconstantis.</p><p>Description</p><p>Description (Based on female holotype and newly collected female male and female specimens):</p><p>Male</p><p>Colouration (Figures 1 (A,B), 3(B,D), 5(A,B), 17(A)). Prosoma: Carapace yellow/brown to dark brown, the area between centromedian carinae dark brown, between median eyes black to brown/black; carinae marked by brown-black pigmentation. Chelicerae lustrous red/yellow with yellow reticulations; fingers dark yellow with dark red to black teeth. Pedipalps: Femur light brown to red/brown, dorsoexternal carina marked by red/ black pigmentation. Patella light brown to dark brown and dorsal, dorsomedian and dorsoexternal carinae marked by reddish black pigmentation. Chela manus yellow/ brown. Fingers dark yellow with red/black denticles. Legs dark yellow to light brown. Mesosoma yellow/brown to dark brown, lateral carinae marked dark brown, but median carinae brown/black. Sternites III–VI brilliant dark yellow to red/yellow, VII brilliant dark yellow to yellow/red. Pectines pale yellow. Metasomal segments I–V dark yellow to red/ yellow, lateral supramedian carinae and ventral submedian carinae on segment II–IV and ventromedian carina and ventrolateral carinae on segment V marked by red/black pigmentation. Telson: Vesicle brilliant dark yellow; aculeus yellow at its base and dark red at its extremity.</p><p>Morphology</p><p>Prosoma (Figures 5 (a,b), 6(a,b)). Carapace trapezoidal, wider than long; anterior margin very slightly concave, slightly crenulate with a medium-sized granule row and several stout setae. Carapace carinae strong and bear coarse and rounded granules. Centrolateral and posteriomedian carinae fused in ‘lyre’ shape configuration. The areas between the posteriomedian, centrolateral and anteriomedian carinae covered with scattered medium and minute granules, and rest surface covered coarse or medium, rounded granules. Between anteriomedian carinae and lateral eyes (around anterior corners of carapace), two granule groups consist of large and rounded granules. Furrows shallow and wide. Median ocular tubercle located at the centre of carapace. Median eyes separated by nearly three ocular diameters. Five pairs of lateral eyes: three large and two small, four aligned, and one small eye is above of third large eye. Posterior margin has small and spaced granules, the lateral ones somewhat prolonged.</p><p>Chelicerae (Figures 5 (a,b)). Cheliceral dentition is as typical in the family Buthidae; external distal and internal distal teeth approximately the same length, considerably discrete in fixed finger; basal teeth on movable finger small but not fused; surface of manus smooth with fine granules arranged in longitudinal rows; ventral surfaces of both fingers and manus covered with long dense setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87AEFFBF9539419FFA7BA7ADFE7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yağmur, Ersen Aydın;Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ;Hadjiconstantis, Michael;Bağlar, Hasan;Gücel, Salih	Yağmur, Ersen Aydın, Kunt, Kadir BoğaÇ, Hadjiconstantis, Michael, Bağlar, Hasan, Gücel, Salih (2025): The morphology of Buthus kunti Yağmur, Koç & Lourenço (Scorpiones: Buthidae) and first description of male with some ecological observations. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1775-1805, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498715, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498715
