identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A8BF65303CFFFDFFEEF984FB4EFBB9.text	03A8BF65303CFFFDFFEEF984FB4EFBB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dna extraction	<div><p>2.2. DNA extraction and sequencing</p><p>DNA was extracted from the tissues of 39 specimens, representing a total of 10 genera/subgenera and 23 species of Microcoryphia (Table 1;</p><p>Fig. 1). Tissue samples were extracted from the abdominal segments of the specimens preserved in ethanol (96 Ǫ to absolute) and stored at ‒ 20 Ǫ C. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Qiagen DNAtissue extraction kit (Qiagen, Valencia, California, USA).</p><p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify three DNA fragments: cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) gene fragment with primers LCO1490 (Folmer et al., 1994) and COI-H (Machordom et al., 2003); the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) nuclear region with CAS5p8sFt and CAS28sB1d primers (Ji et al., 2003); and a fragment of the 18S rDNA (18S) with 18Sai and 18Sbi primers (Whiting et al., 1997). Polymerase chain reactions were performed in 25 μL, which included 17.8 μL of H 2 O, 2.5 μL of a reaction buffer with MgCl 2 (10 ×), 1 μL of dNTP (10 mM), 1.5 μL of MgCl 2 (50 mM), 0.5 μL of each primer (10 μM), 0.2 μL of Taq polymerase (NZYTech, 5 U/mL) and 1 μL of DNA . The thermal profile of the reactions for cox1 was: initial denaturation at 96 Ǫ C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 94 Ǫ C for 30 s, annealing at 42 Ǫ C for 45 s and extension at 72 Ǫ C for 1 min, and a final single extra extension step at 72 Ǫ C for 5 min. For nuclear fragments the thermal profile was: initial denaturation at 96 Ǫ C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 94 Ǫ C for 1 min, annealing at 45 Ǫ C (ITS2) or 50 Ǫ C (18S) for 1 min and extension at 72 Ǫ C for 1 min, and a final single extra extension step at 72 Ǫ C for 10 min. After amplification, 3 μL of PCR product was checked by electrophoresis on a 1 % agarose gel. Samples were sent for sequencing to Macrogen Inc (Macrogen Europe, Madrid, Spain). Length of the DNA studied fragments after alignment and trimming comprise a total of 1614 bp: 658 bp of cox1 and 956 bp of 18S, for the 39 newly sampled specimens and 714 bp for the ITS2 for the specimens identified within Dilta (Table 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8BF65303CFFFDFFEEF984FB4EFBB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Palacios-Martinez, Iñigo;Jiménez-Ruiz, Yolanda;Otero-Ferre, Pau;García-París, Mario	Palacios-Martinez, Iñigo, Jiménez-Ruiz, Yolanda, Otero-Ferre, Pau, García-París, Mario (2025): Systematics of the genus Dilta Strand, 1911 (Machilidae) in the Canary Islands (NW Africa, Spain) with comments on the phylogeny of Microcoryphia (Insecta). Zoologischer Anzeiger 317 (8): 1-18, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.05.005, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2025.05.005
03A8BF65303AFFFBFFEEFC7AFBBDFA81.text	03A8BF65303AFFFBFFEEFC7AFBBDFA81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilta Strand 1911	<div><p>3.2. Phylogenetic relationships od Dilta Strand, 1911</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian analyses of the cox1 + 18S sequence data set using the newly sequenced specimens (Table 1) show a topology poorly supported at the basal level (Fig. 2), with, however, some well supported basal nodes.</p><p>The family Meinertellidae, represented only by two species of Machilinus (BPPc = 1), is the sister group to the family Machilidae, with however a low support for the monophyly of Machilidae (BPPc = 0.58). The two species of Machilinus analyzed ( M. gredosi, and Machilinus sp. A cf. bejarensis) are sister to each other (BPPc = 1; Fig. 2).</p><p>There are three main clades within Machilidae disposed in a polytomy: 1) The Catamachilis lineage (BPPc = 1), with C. ancorata emerging as the sister species to the remaining members of the clade. Within this clade, C. amara was identified as the sister to C. franzi plus C. clipeata, with poor support (BPPc = 0.58), while C. franzi and C. clipeata showed a close relationship with high confidence (BPPc = 0.99). 2) Lepismachilis and Machilidae indet. appear as a well-supported clade (BPPc = 1), showing the uncertained samples as the closest relatives to Lepismachilis . Within this cluster, Lepismachilis (Lepismachilis) y-signata is sister to the subgenus Berlesilis, which included in our analyses L. (B.) targionii and L. (B.) affinis; the relationship between them supported with a high confidence level (BPPc = 1). 3) A third, supported clade (BPPc = 0.94) split into two subclades: one consisting of the studied species of Dilta (BPPc = 0.94), and another where Machilis (M.) dragani appeared related with low confidence (BPPc = 0.60) to both P. hispanica (BPPc = 1) and the species of Praemachiloides (BPPc = 0.93), including P. tarsispina and P. janetscheki (Fig. 2). Within the Dilta subclade, the Iberian Dilta (D.) sp. C plus the Balearic Dilta (D.) sp. E (BPPc = 0.98) are sister to the remaining Dilta, being Dilta (D.) sp. F plus Dilta (D.) similis (BPPc = 1) sister to the clades of Dilta (D.) fastuosa plus Dilta (D.) cf. saxicola (BPPc = 1) and the subgenus Budilta that included the Canarian taxa (BPPc = 1). Among the Canarian species, Dilta (B.) sp. D (= Dilta islabonita sp. nov.), is sister to Dilta (B.) sp. A (= Dilta tilosina sp. nov.), and Dilta (B.) sp. B (= Dilta benahoarense sp. nov.) (BPPc = 0.96).</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses of Dilta, using the ITS2 fragment, revealed a clear division into two distinct clades supported by high posterior probabilities (BPPits = 1) (Fig. 3): 1) The clade formed by the species included in the subgenus Budilta, which included the specimens from La Palma: Dilta (B.) sp. D as the sister species to the other two (BPPits = 0.58): Dilta (B.) sp. B (BPPits = 0.88) and Dilta (B.) sp. A (BPPits = 1); 2) The Dilta s. str. clade, where the continental species of the study were included, with Dilta (D.) fastuosa sister to three subclades (BPPits = 0.97): Dilta (D.) cf. saxicola; a clade comprising Dilta (D.) similis and Dilta (D.) sp. F (BPPits = 0.98); and a clade consisting of Dilta (D.) sp. E and Dilta (D.) sp. C (BPPits = 0.56; Fig. 3).</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses of La Palma specimens within the subgenus Budilta, conducted using cox1 and incorporating GenBank sequences from other Canary Islands (Table 1; Macías-Hern´andez et al., 2018) (Fig. 4), revealed Dilta (Budilta) islabonita (also referred as Dilta sp. D) from La Palma as the sister species to the other species (BPPbud = 1). The remaining sequences formed a polytomy with three subclades: 1) Dilta (B.) tilosina ( Dilta sp. A) from La Palma (BPPbud = 1); 2) MH279718 from La Gomera; and 3) Dilta (B.) benahoarense ( Dilta sp. B) from La Palma as the sister species to MH279717 from Tenerife (BPPbud = 1; Fig. 4).</p><p>3.3. Taxonomic results</p><p>All specimens studied ascribed to the genus Dilta were characterized by presenting subrectangular-rounded ocelli in sublateral position (Fig. 5A), the coxal styli on 2nd and 3rd pair of legs (Fig. 5D); the 1 + 1 eversible vesicles on II-VII segments (Fig. 5F); ovipositor of tertiary type (Fig. 5E) as previously considered by Verhoeff (1910), Mendes (1990), and Sturm and Bach de Roca (1993).</p><p>To identify evolutionary units (e.g., species) within Dilta, we used levels of congruence between nuclear, mitochondrial markers (Fig. 4) and morphology (Figs. 5–8). Clades were treated as independent taxa when all the specimens included in a mtDNA clade were also included in a distinct nuclear lineage and supported by clearly diagnosable morphological characters (Figs. 5–7). We therefore adopted the evolutionary species concept (Wiley, 1978; Wiley and Mayden, 2000), which considers that “ a species is a lineage of ancestral descendant populations which maintains its identity from other such lineages and which has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate ”. Using this scheme (Fig. 3) (see discussion) we raised the diversity of Dilta from 21 to 24 species, and within the subgenus Budilta from one to four species. The new species, described in detail in the following species account paragraphs are named with reference to cultural or geographical aspects of the island of La Palma, where they live. Descriptions are made following the schemes of Kaplin (e.g., Kaplin, 2019c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8BF65303AFFFBFFEEFC7AFBBDFA81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Palacios-Martinez, Iñigo;Jiménez-Ruiz, Yolanda;Otero-Ferre, Pau;García-París, Mario	Palacios-Martinez, Iñigo, Jiménez-Ruiz, Yolanda, Otero-Ferre, Pau, García-París, Mario (2025): Systematics of the genus Dilta Strand, 1911 (Machilidae) in the Canary Islands (NW Africa, Spain) with comments on the phylogeny of Microcoryphia (Insecta). Zoologischer Anzeiger 317 (8): 1-18, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.05.005, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2025.05.005
