taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B7AC639106FFF225ECB7F4BB9DFC30.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Asia-Oriental members of Campylomma are recognized by the following characters: body small, 1.5 – 3 mm in total length; coloration variable but generally pale green in most species; dorsum shining, uniformly covered with pale or brownish, simple vestiture often mixed with sparsely distributed, flat, lanceolate, reclining setae (cf. Fig. 6 C, L); metafemur with a row of spinules along anterior margin (Figs. 6 F) and usually with dark spots at bases of trichobothria and spines ventrally (Fig. 3 A – F, but absent in some congeners, e. g. C. aterrimum and C. flavipes); all tibiae with brown to fuscous, long spines; pretarsus with setiform or weakly spatulate parempodia sometimes thickened apically (Figs. 6 G, N, 8 G, O); vesica with two (sometimes three or a single) apical blades and / or spicules, which are most useful character for species identification (Figs. 4 B, D – G, 7 C – D, I – J, O); female genital chamber with clear-rimmed sclerotized rings (Figs. 5 A, C, E, 8 M); and posterior wall of bursa copulatrix usually with densely distributed, sharp spinules anteriorly (Fig. 7 E, K). Further diagnostic characters and classification for the genus were discussed by Schuh (1984), Konstantinov et al. (2015) and Yasunaga (2021).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639106FFF225ECB7F4BB9DFC30.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known widely from the Old World (tropics and subtropics in particular) and some Pacific Islands and Atolls; a single Nearctic species, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer-Dür, 1843), is considered to have been introduced from Europe (Yasunaga 2021).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639106FFF225ECB7F4BB9DFC30.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. The majority of Campylomma species are considered zoophytophagous and propagate on variable dicot angiosperms (e. g. C. lividum and C. lividicorne, see checklist below). Although some species (including the two new species herein described and their allies) are host plant specific, their immature forms were found to have successfully developed into the adult stage when reared with a synthetic diet (macerated brine-shrimp eggs or red-worms, with diluted fermented milk beverage, cf. Fig. 2 I) (cf. Fukuda et al. 2020; Miyazaki et al. 2020; Yasunaga unpublished observation). Some congeners (e. g. C. livida, C. verbasci) are considered potential natural enemies against agricultural pests (Wang 1995; Yasunaga 2001; Kijima et al. 2013; Jerinic-Prodanovic & Protić 2013). As pointed out by Yasunaga et al. (2015, 2018), C. lividum, C. lividicorne and C. marjorae appeared to rapidly expand their distributions, possibly due to introductions with nursery stock of crops or ornamental plants. Recently, the East Asian temperate species, C. miyamotoi, was also found to have been introduced to Spain (Goula & Mateos 2021) and Turkey (Çerçi 1 et al. 2019). Several congeners are known to inhabit cryptic niches or restricted vulnerable environments. For instance, C. asticum Yasunaga, C. hibiscicola Yasunaga and C. singapura sp. nov., were found only from sea hibiscus, Hibiscus tiliaceus (L.) (Malvaceae) (Fig. 1 E – F). All of these hibiscus-inhabiting members were observed to coexist with thrips, leafhoppers, aphids and / or psyllids, on which the mirids seem to predate (Yasunaga 2021). More than a few predaceous mirid bugs as well as anthocorid bugs (Anthocoridae) were documented to share the same cryptic niches on coastal Hibiscus trees (Yasunaga 2021; Yasunaga & Duwal 2022; Noguchi et al. 2023). The sea hibiscus, as implied by its name, is a halophilic broadleaf, and is indigenous to coastal zones which are considered the original habitat of these Campylomma species associated with Hibiscus tiliaceus. On the other hand, C. marinum sp. nov. and C. salaciella are monophagous, restricted to the halophilic herb, Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. (Amaranthaceae) at seashores (Fig. 1 A – D). This vulnerable plant species is presently endangered or already extirpated at a number of maritime areas in Asia, having been seriously degraded by reclamation, concrete seawalls, and / or pollution (cf. Yasunaga & Shishido 2020). Therefore, effective environmental policies are urgently required to conserve the vulnerable halophyte communities as well as halophyte-inhabiting insects.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639106FFF225ECB7F4BB9DFC30.taxon	materials_examined	Updated checklist of Campylomma species known in the Oriental Region	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639104FFF425ECB076BA28FEEE.taxon	description	Figs. 1 A – B, 2 A – B, 3 A – B, 4 A – B, 5 A – B, 6 A – H, 7 A – F	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639104FFF425ECB076BA28FEEE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype (♂). JAPAN: Kyushu, Oita Pref., Otsuka (seashore with halophilic herbs, Fig. 1 A – B), 33 ° 36 ’ 49 ” N 131 ° 12 ’ 31 ” E, Suaeda maritima, 24 Aug 2024, R. Ito (NWHS) (AMNH _ PBI 00378807). Paratypes: JAPAN: Kyushu, same data as for holotype, except for date, 26 Aug 2023, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (TYCN); 26 Oct 2023, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (TYCN); 24 Aug 2024, 2 ♂, 4 ♀ (TYCN); 28 Sep 2024, 1 ♀ (TYCN).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639104FFF425ECB076BA28FEEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by its comparatively small size; uniformly pale green basic coloration (Fig. 2 A – B); reduced (sometimes obliterated) dark spots on ventral metafemur (Figs. 1 B, 2 A – B); smooth pygophore lacking thumb-like process; minutely spinulate blade with rather long spicule on apical part of vesica (Figs. 4 B, 6 C – D); and rather wide female genital chamber with elongate oval, narrow-rimmed sclerotized rings (Fig. 4 A), in addition to its unique host plant association with a halophyte, Suaeda maritima. Based on the similar shape of the genitalia and same host plant, this new species is evidently sister to Campylomma salaciella Yasunaga & Duwal (Fig. 1 C – D), from which C. marinum sp. nov. can be distinguished by the following characters: smaller size and shorter appendages (e. g. antennomere II, metafemur and metatibia as in Table 1); smaller dark spots on ventral metafemur (Fig. 2 B vs. 2 D); narrower peritreme of scent efferent system (Fig. 6 E vs. 6 J); more sharply tapered phallotheca (Figs. 4 A, 7 B vs. 4 C, 7 H); longer and slenderer apical spicule on vesica (Fig. 4 B vs. 4 D); elongate oval sclerotized rings (Fig. 5 A vs. 5 C); and larger scaly microstructures on narrower interramal sclerite (Fig. 7 F vs. 7 L). Each sibling species is currently considered to be allopatric in the temperate seashore of NE. Kyushu, Japan (Fig. 1 A – B) and tropical coast along the Gulf of Siam (Fig. 1 C – D). In Japan (Kyushu area), the other congener, C. tanakakianum Yasunaga, Duwal & Schuh, is also externally most similar to C. marinum sp. nov. However, the former can be distinguished from the present new species by the uniformly darkened antennomere I, antennomere II almost equal in length to head width across eyes, and sharpened apical part of vesica with shorter spicule (Fig. 7 O). Two available specimens (holotype male and paratype female) of C. tanakakianum were collected by a UV light trap near the seashore on Kabashima Island, Nagasaki City [32 º 33 ' 15 " N 129 º 46 ' 30 " E] (Yasunaga et al. 2015), where the halophyte, Suaeda maritima, is not present.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639104FFF425ECB076BA28FEEE.taxon	description	Description. Male: Body pale or yellowish green (often fading to pale brown in dry-preserved specimens), elongate oval, relatively small in size; dorsal surface shining, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, semierect setae mixed with flat, lanceolate setae (Fig. 6 C). Head tinged with olive in fresh specimens (Fig. 2 A). Antenna pale brown; antennomere II shorter than combined length of III + IV. Labium pale reddish brown, relatively long, reaching but not exceeding apex of metacoxa; apical 2 / 3 of segment IV darkened. Thoracic pleura pale green (Fig. 2 B), sometimes partly darkened in dry-preserved specimens (Fig. 3 A); metathoracic scent efferent system with narrow, rounded peritreme (Fig 6 E). Hemelytra shining; membrane pale grayish brown, semi-transparent. All coxae and legs pale brown (pale green in live individual); ventral dark spots of each femur small, reduced (sometimes obliterated); row of minute spicules on anterior margin of metafemur present at apical half (Fig. 6 F); meta-tarsomere II slightly shorter than III (Fig. 6 H); pretarsal structure as in Fig. 6 G, rather small pulvilli. Abdomen shiny pale green; genital segment sometimes darkened in dry-preserved specimens (Fig. 3 A). Male genitalia (Figs. 4 A – B, 7 A – D): pygophore (genital segment) smooth, lacking thumb-like process; phallotheca sharply tapered apically (Figs. 4 A, 7 B); vesica sigmoid, with an apical, spinulate blade and relatively long, slender spicule (Figs. 4 B, 7 C – D). Female: General coloration and basic shape as in male, but body wider and more ovoid, and antennal segment II slenderer. Female genitalia (Figs. 5 A – B, 7 E – F): Genital chamber rather wide, with elongate oval, narrow-rimmed sclerotized rings (Fig. 5 A); posterior wall of bursa copulatrix densely spinulate along anterior margin (Fig. 7 E); interramal sclerite narrow, with densely distributed, relatively large scaly microstructures (Fig. 7 F). Measurements: See Table 1.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639104FFF425ECB076BA28FEEE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin adjective marinum (= of the sea), referring to the habitat of this new species restricted to the seashore plant communities.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639104FFF425ECB076BA28FEEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Kyushu: Oita Prefecture).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC639104FFF425ECB076BA28FEEE.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This monophagous new species is associated only with a halophilic goosefoot, Suaeda maritima, on which both adults and immature forms were found. A bivoltine life cycle is assumed for Campylomma marinum sp. nov. as the teneral adults and late instar immature forms were captured in mid-August and late September. The halophilic plant community in the type locality is dominated by Artemisia fukudo Makino (Asteraceae) (Fig. 1 A), with which a greater number of the common, polyphagous congener, Campylomma lividum are associated. Since Suaeda maritima sparsely mixed at the site (Fig. 1 B), only a few specimens of the present new species were collected along with many individuals of C. lividum. For this reason, the presence of C. marinum sp. nov. appears to have previously been unrecognized.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC63910FFFFC25ECB355B8B0FC74.taxon	description	Figs. 1 E – F, 2 E – G, 3 D – I, 4 F, 5 E – F, 8 A – M	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC63910FFFFC25ECB355B8B0FC74.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype (♂). SINGAPORE: National University of Singapore (NUS) campus, Ventus area, Hibiscus tiliaceus (Fig. 1 A – B), 1 ° 17 ’ 43.3 ” N 103 ° 46 ’ 14.5 ” E, 22 Aug 2023, T. Yasunaga (ZRC) (AMNH _ PBI 00378808). Paratypes: SINGAPORE: Same data as for holotype, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TYCN); same data, except for date, 20 Aug 2023, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (TYCN); Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 ° 19 ’ 15 ” N 103 ° 49 ’ 05 ” E, Hibiscus tiliaceus, 21 Aug 2023, T. Yasunaga & E. H. Yap, 4 ♂, 2 ♀ (TYCN, ZRC); Windsor Nature Park, N 1.35896, E 103.82655, 18 Mar 2024, E. H. Yap, 1 ♂ (ZRC _ BDP 0372657); Canberra Link, N 1.44562, E 103.82849, 11 Mar 2024, E. H. Yap, 1 ♀ (ZRC _ BDP 0372642).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC63910FFFFC25ECB355B8B0FC74.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by its small size; uniformly lemon yellow general coloration; two fuscous rings at antennomeres I and base of II (Fig. 2 E – F); short labium not exceeding apex of mesocoxa (Fig. 3 E – F); smooth male genital segment (pygophore) lacking thumb-like process; relatively stout vesica with a peg-like spicule (Fig. 4 F); narrow-rimmed sclerotized ring (Figs. 5 E, 8 M); and almost membranous anterior median part of posterior wall (Fig. 8 K). The final instar nymph has shiny lemon yellow general coloration and ovoid body. Based on similar shape of the vesica and habitat preference, this new species is most closely related to Campylomma hibiscicola Yasunaga (Fig. 2 H – I). However, the latter species known from Thailand obviously differs in the following features: fuscous general coloration (Fig. 2 H); uniformly pale antenna without dark annulation; rounded peritreme on scent efferent system; shorter parempodia (Fig. 8 O); shorter vesica with smaller apical spicule (Fig. 4 G); thicker rim of sclerotized rings (Fig. 5 G); and uniformly pale green 5 th instar nymph with more densely distributed setae on dorsum (Fig. 2 I).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC63910FFFFC25ECB355B8B0FC74.taxon	description	Description. Male: Body generally light lemon yellow in live and fresh specimens (Fig. 2 E, 3 D – E), oval, slightly elongate, small, 1.9 – 2.1 mm in total length; dorsal surface shining, with uniformly distributed, pale, semierect or reclining setae, sparsely mixed with flat, lanceolate setae (Fig. 8 C). Eyes relatively large, occupying whole height of head in lateral view (Fig. 8 A). Antenna pale brown; antennomere I whitish, usually darkened except for base and apex; antennomere II with dark annulation at base, obviously shorter than head width across eyes. Labium yellowish brown, relatively short, reaching but not exceeding apex of mesocoxa; apical half of segment IV darkened. Pronotum with narrow carina at anterior margin; basal width of pronotum greater than length of metafemur; thoracic pleura light yellow; metathoracic scent efferent system as in Fig. 8 D, with squared peritreme. Hemelytra shining; membrane uniformly pale grayish brown, semi-transparent. All coxae creamy yellow; legs yellowish brown; proand mesofemora almost immaculate; ventral dark spots of metafemur relatively small; minute spicules on anterior margin of metafemur present at apical half (Fig. 8 E); meta-tarsomere II slightly shorter than III (Fig. 8 F); pretarsal structure as in Fig. 8 G; pulvilli developed, with two hair-like process; parempodia with spatulate apex. Abdomen shiny yellow. Male genitalia (Fig. 4 F, 8 H – J): Pygophore (genital segment) smooth, lacking thumb-like process; phallotheca sharply tapered apically (Fig. 8 H); vesica generally short and thick (Figs. 4 F, 8 I), with a short blade (Fig. 8 J). Female: General coloration and shape as in male, but body larger, wider and more ovoid, and antennal segment II slenderer. Female genitalia (Figs. 5 E – F, 8 K – L): genital chamber narrow, with elongate oval, narrow-rimmed sclerotized rings (Figs. 5 E, 8 M); posterior wall of bursa copulatrix with densely distributed, scaly microstructures on interramal sclerite (Fig. 8 L), lacking field of spinules anteriorly (Fig. 8 K). Measurements: See Table 1.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC63910FFFFC25ECB355B8B0FC74.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the type locality, Singapore (= Singapura in Malay); a noun in apposition.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC63910FFFFC25ECB355B8B0FC74.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Singapore.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
03B7AC63910FFFFC25ECB355B8B0FC74.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Both adults and immature forms of this new species were found to cryptically inhabit bracts and pedicules of Hibiscus tiliaceus (with variegated leaves) planted at urbanized zones (Fig. 1 E – F). At the same niche, three cimicomorphan bugs, Campylomma lividicorne, Deraeocoris sp. (Miridae: Deraeocorinae), and an undetermined anthocorid species (Anthocoridae: Oriini), were found to co-occur. An undetermined tube-tailed thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and a psyllid, Mesohomotoma hibisci (Froggatt, 1901) (Psylloidea: Carsidaridae), were also associated with the same hibiscus tree. Campylomma singapura sp. nov. was observed to prey on the thrips.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yap, Ee-Hean, Ito, Reo, Hwang, Wei-Song (2025): Two cryptic new species of the plant bug genus Campylomma recently discovered in Japan and Singapore (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5609 (4): 537-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.5
