identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B4871E4E2D1E7DFF79FE27FED35B2A.text	03B4871E4E2D1E7DFF79FE27FED35B2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apomys (Megapomys) gracilirostris Ruedas. Proceedings 1995	<div><p>Apomys (Megapomys) gracilirostris Ruedas 1995</p><p>Apomys gracilirostris Ruedas. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108: 305.</p><p>Holotype. Originally cataloged as Cincinnati Museum of Natural History (CNMH) 650; transferred to National Museum of the Philippines (NMP) and cataloged as M-3482. Original field number NMP / CNMH 1136. Collected 12 June 1992. Prepared as stuffed study skin with clean skull.</p><p>Type locality. Philippines: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.98861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.28" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.98861/lat 13.28)">Mindoro Island</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.98861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.28" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.98861/lat 13.28)">Municipality of San Teodoro</a>: North Ridge approach to Mt. Halcon, ca. 1580 m elevation, ca. 13 o 16’ 48”N, 121 o 59’ 19”E, in a place locally known as Hanglo .</p><p>Measurements. Tables 1 and 4.</p><p>Specimens examined. (n = 25). Philippines: Mindoro Island: Oriental Mindoro Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.0009&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.30687" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.0009/lat 13.30687)">Baco Municipality</a>: 4.75 km N, 0.8 km E Mt. Halcon peak, 1650 m elevation, 13.30687 o N, 121.0009 o E (FMNH 222069–222080, 222316–222321) ; 0.95 km N, 1.45 km W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.98&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.27222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.98/lat 13.27222)">Mt. Halcon</a> peak, 2150 m elevation, 13.27222 o N, 120.980 o E (FMNH 222064) ; 0.5 km N, 1.1 km W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.9838&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.26745" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.9838/lat 13.26745)">Mt. Halcon</a> peak, elevation 2310 m, 13.26745 o N, 120.9838 o E (FMNH 222065– 222068, 222314, 222315) .</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin gracilis and rostrum, referring to the long and slender rostrum.</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. For an extensive description, see Ruedas (1995). We note the following features that together diagnose this species: large size among Megapomys, basioccipital length x̄ = 34.8 mm (33.6–36.1 mm, Table 4); HB x̄ = 142 mm (range 134–150 mm), weight = 83 g (range 70–102 g; Table 1); pelage dark brown dorsally and ventrally, slightly paler ventrally with slight ochraeous wash at tips (Fig. 4A); mystacial vibrissae up to 55 mm long; no evidence of a postauricular tuft of elongated or pale hair; tail dark brown dorsally and medium brown ventrally, often with a white tip (1–15 mm), and with short but visible hairs along its entire length dorsally and ventrally; tail proportionately longer than most Megapomys, TV/HB about 1.11 (Table 1), thick at the base and tapering to tip; ears dark brown and short (x̄ = 19.5 mm) absolutely and relative to HB (Table 1); forefeet with dark hairs extending to base of digits dorsally, with unusually long, sturdy digits and claws; hind feet long (x̄ = 38.5 mm) but broad and proportionately slightly short (Table 1) with six large plantar pads, heavily pigmented ventrally; skull and teeth as described above for the genus Apomys; upper incisors narrow, laterally compressed relative to depth (Fig. 5A); lower incisors long and slender, and unpigmented on anterior surface; rostrum long and slender, slightly up-turned at the tip; braincase more globose than other Megapomys; molars narrow and toothrows short; post-palatal region long; foramen present in the bullae for stapedial artery; interparietal bone usually wide; mandible long and slender with short coronoid process and short, blunt angular process.</p><p>Comparisons. Apomys veluzi sp. nov. (Fig. 2B) is easily distinguished externally from A. gracilirostris (Fig. 2A). The former is smaller in all respects; e.g., HB x̄ = 129 mm vs. 142 mm, BOL x̄ = 31.79 mm vs. 34.78 mm (Tables 1 and 4). The pelage of A. gracilirostris is dark brown, slightly less dark ventrally, with a hint of ochraceous wash dorsally and ventrally, and short, black guard hairs are visible dorsally; that of A. veluzi sp. nov. is a rich ochraceous brown dorsally and pale cream ventrally with a slight ochraceous wash. Ears of A. gracilirostis are both absolutely and proportionally to HB shorter than those of A. veluzi sp. nov. (Table 1), and are dark brown vs. medium brown. Hair behind the ears is the same color and length as other dorsal pelage; that of A. veluzi sp. nov. is pale sandy-orange, slightly longer than surrounding fur. On A. gracilirostris, dark brown fur extends onto the tops of fore and hind feet; forefeet are lightly pigmented ventrally, hind feet are dark ventrally; on A. veluzi sp. nov., the fore and hind feet are covered dorsally with fur that is pale cream, and with pale skin ventrally. Forefeet of A. gracilirostris have sturdy digits and claws that are long and curved; those of A. veluzi are proportionately and absolutely shorter, and less strongly curved. The tail of A. gracilirostris is dark brown dorsally and paler brown ventrally, and a small (1–15 mm) white tip is usually present; that of A. veluzi sp. nov. is dark dorsally and white ventrally, sometimes with a slightly paler tip. The tail of A. gracilirostris has short but visible hairs along its entire length dorsally and ventrally; that of A. veluzi sp. nov. has visible hairs only toward the tip. The tail of A. gracilirostris is absolutely longer (x̄ = 159 mm vs. 151 mm), but shorter relative to the body (TL/HB x̄ = 1.1 vs. 1.2; Table 1) than that of A. veluzi sp. nov. The skull of A. gracilirostris (Fig. 5A) is larger in all respects than that of A. veluzi sp. nov. (e.g., BOL x̄ = 31.79 mm vs. 34.78 mm) except having nearly equal breadth of M1 (x̄ = 1.76 mm vs. 1.81 mm), and with a notably narrower zygomatic plate (x̄ = 2.58 mm vs. 3.22 mm; Table 4). The anterior surface of lower incisors in A. veluzi are pigmented orange; those of A. gracilirostris are white or nearly so. Lower incisors of A. gracilirostris much longer relatively than those of A. veluzi sp. nov.</p><p>Apomys crinitus sp. nov. is easily distinguished from A. gracilirostris in being externally smaller in all respects (HB x̄ = 128 mm vs. 142 mm, WT x̄ = 63 g vs. 83 g; Table 1), having bright ochraceous-brown dorsal fur and pale cream ventral fur rather than dark brown dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 2C vs. 2A), tail longer proportionate to HB (x̄ = 1.2 vs. 1.1), and white ventrally vs. medium to dark brown; ear longer both absolutely and proportionately (Table 1); elongated tuft of pale sandy to nearly white fur behind ear, rather than the same length and dark brown color as surrounding fur. Forefeet of A. gracilirostris have sturdy digits and claws that are long and curved; those of A. crinitus sp. nov. are proportionately and absolutely shorter, and less strongly curved. Skull smaller in all respects (e.g., BOL x̄ = 31.56 mm vs. 34.78 mm) except having a longer incisive foramina (x̄ = 5.36 mm vs. 5.10 mm) and notably narrower zygomatic plate (x̄ = 2.79 mm vs. 3.22 mm; Table 4). The anterior surface of lower incisors in A. crinitus are pigmented orange; those of A. gracilirostris are white or nearly so. Lower incisors of A. gracilirostris much longer than those of A. crinitus (Figs. 5A and 6A).</p><p>Apomys minor sp. nov. is easily distinguished from A. gracilirostris in being externally smaller in all respects (HB x̄ = 122 mm vs. 142 mm, WT x̄ = 57 g vs. 83 g; Table 1), with dorsal pelage that is medium brown rather than dark brown; ventral pelage that is pale brown with distinct ochraceous wash rather than dark brown with a slight ochraceous wash; hind feet that are white dorsally rather than having dark brown hairs covering most of the foot; ear longer both absolutely and proportionately (Table 1); tail that is medium brown to white ventrally rather than dark brown. Forefeet of A. gracilirostris have sturdy digits and claws that are long and curved; those of A. minor sp. nov. are proportionately and absolutely shorter, and less strongly curved. Much smaller skull in all respects (BOL x̄ = 30.79 mm vs. 34.78 mm, Table 4) except in having equal length of incisive foramina (5.12 mm vs. 5.10 respectively) and notably narrower zygomatic plate (x̄ = 2.65 mm vs. 3.22 mm; Table 4). The anterior surface of lower incisors in A. minor sp. nov. are pigmented orange; those of A. gracilirostris are white or nearly so. Lower incisors of A. gracilirostris much longer than those of A. minor sp. nov. (Figs. 5A and 6B).</p><p>Distribution and Ecology. Known only from Mt. Halcon, northern Mindoro (study area 3 in Fig. 1). Ruedas (1995) documented this species from 1250 m to 1950 m elevation; we recorded them from 1650 m, 2150 m, and 2310 m (Fig. 1B), in old-growth mossy forest dominated by gymnosperms (e.g., Dacrycarpus, Falcatifolium, Phyllocladus, and Podocarpus) and myrtles (e.g., Leptospermum and Syzygium), where leaf litter and humus formed thick layers on the ground and epiphytes were abundant on the trees. We did not capture them at our sampling areas from 500 m to 1110 m (Fig. 1B), in regenerating forest over limestone, regenerating lowland forest, and montane forest, at all of which leaf litter and humus were virtually absent. Other native small mammals we documented from 1650-2310 m were Crocidura mindorus, Anonymomys mindorensis, Apomys microdon, Apomys musculus, Chrotomys mindorensis, Maxomys sp., and Rattus mindorensis . Although three non-native species ( Suncus murinus, Rattus exulans, and Rattus tanezumi) were present at lower elevations, they were absent where A. gracilirostris occurred.</p><p>As noted by Ruedas (1995), “the gracile skull, long rostrum, reduction in relative size of upper incisors, and extreme elongation of lower incisors”, to which we add the presence of large forefeet with long, sturdy digits and claws that are likely to be associated with extensive digging in leaf-litter and humus, “ ... all point to a diet of softbodied invertebrates”, perhaps similar to the diet of Rhynchomys (Heaney et al., 2016; Petrosky et al., 2021).</p><p>Ruedas (1995) noted one female that carried three embryos. Females that we captured with tiny, inconspicuous mammae weighed 70 to 79 g, including two weighing 70 g and 77 g that had no uterine scars or embryoes. Those weighing 74 to 89 g had larger, pigmented mammae. Twelve males we captured weighing 70 to 102 g had testes 6 x 4 to 7 x 5 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4871E4E2D1E7DFF79FE27FED35B2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Heaney, Lawrence R.;Balete, Danilo S.;Duya, Mariano Roy M.;Duya, Melizar V.;Kyriazis, Christopher C.;Rickart, Eric A.;Steppan, Scott J.;Rowsey, Dakota M.	Heaney, Lawrence R., Balete, Danilo S., Duya, Mariano Roy M., Duya, Melizar V., Kyriazis, Christopher C., Rickart, Eric A., Steppan, Scott J., Rowsey, Dakota M. (2025): Three new species of Philippine forest mice (Apomys, Muridae, Mammalia), members of a clade endemic to Mindoro Island. Zootaxa 5647 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.1.1
03B4871E4E311E7FFF79FF23FC5F5D1C.text	03B4871E4E311E7FFF79FF23FC5F5D1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apomys (Megapomys) veluzi Heaney & Balete & Duya & Duya & Kyriazis & Rickart & Steppan & Rowsey 2025	<div><p>Apomys (Megapomys) veluzi new species lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4C772962-EDB9-48E6-A6BD-F74D9024C968</p><p>Figures 2B, 4, and 5B; Tables 1 and 4</p><p>Holotype. Originally cataloged as FMNH 222928; to be transferred to PNM where it has been assigned catalog number PNM 9665.Adult male captured on 7 February 2014, field number D. S. Balete 10262. Fresh tissue removed from thigh and placed in 95% ethanol. The rest of the specimen was preserved in formalin, then transferred to 75% ethanol; skull (Fig. 5B) removed and cleaned using dermestid beetles and a weak ammonia solution. All parts in good condition.</p><p>Type Locality. Philippines: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.61901&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.40867" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.61901/lat 13.40867)">Mindoro Island</a>: Occidental Mindoro Province:Abra de Ilog Municipality: 0.65 km N, 2.1 km E Mt. Abra de Ilog peak, elevation 710 m; 13.40867 o N, 120.61901 o E (Fig. 1) .</p><p>Measurements. Tables 1 and 4.</p><p>Specimens examined (n = 25). Abra de Ilog Municipality: 0.65 km N, 2.1 km E Mt. Abra de Ilog peak, elevation 710 m (FMNH 222928–222936); 0.15 km N, 2.0 km E Mt . Abra de Ilog peak, elevation 850 m (222937–222946); 0.95 km N, 1.9 km E Mt. Abra de Ilog peak, elevation 1140 m (222947–222950); 1.55 km N, 2.15 km E Mt. Abra de Ilog peak, elevation 1325 m (FMNH 222951, 222952) .</p><p>Etymology. We take great pleasure in naming this species in honor of Maria Josefa “Sweepea” Veluz (1968– 2022), mammalogist at the National Museum of Natural History of the Philippines, in recognition of her life-time of contributions to field and museum studies and to public appreciation and enjoyment of the remarkable mammal fauna of the Philippines through development of exhibits at the National Museum.</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. A member of the genus Apomys, with diagnostic features as listed above. A small mouse (HB x̄ = 129.1 mm, BOL x̄ = 31.79 mm). Fur is soft, with dorsal color a rich brown with ochraceous highlights extending to top of head that darkens slightly but noticeably along the midline and between the eye and area supporting vibrissae, and paler orange-brown cheeks, producing a dark partial mask (Fig. 2B). Scattered dark guard hairs barely projecting above fur in lateral view; underfur slate gray. Vibrissae up to 55 mm long. Small area of pale sandy-orange hair behind ear, slightly longer than surrounding fur. Dorsal pelage becoming slightly paler laterally before an abrupt transition to ventral pelage that is pale cream in color, with a notable ochraceous wash at the tips, paler posteriorly over abdomen than over rib cage, with gray underfur. Fur below the jaw is nearly white. Ears long and conspicuous, LE/HB x̄ = 0.16 (Table 1); skin on ears medium brown, paler toward base and at rim of ears, with microscopic hairs on both surfaces. Tail dorso-ventrally bicolored, medium brown dorsally, white ventrally (when clean); no specimens have a white tip on the tail. Tail is bare, relatively long (TV/HB x̄ = 1.19; Table 1), with no hairs readily visible except for having short, inconspicuous hairs toward tip. Forefeet with pale cream fur dorsally that extends from lower forearm to base of digits; ventral side is unpigmented. Hind feet similarly furred and colored, relatively long and narrow (HF/HB x̄ = 0.28). Claws on fore and hind feet curved, moderate in length.</p><p>The skull of A. veluzi shares the diagnostic features of the genus Apomys as listed above, but is one of the smaller species of the subgenus Megapomys (BOL x̄ = 31.79 mm), with unusually short incisive foramena, relatively low braincase height, and proportionately narrow zygomatic plate (Table 4).</p><p>Comparisons. For comparison with A. gracilirostris, see above. Apomys veluzi differs externally from A. crinitus sp. nov. in that the latter is slightly smaller overall (Tables 1 and 4); has dorsal fur that is slightly paler and brighter overall, with brighter orange highlights; both have a partial mask of dark hairs on the top and sides of head (Figs. 2B and 2C), but that of A. veluzi is more conspicuous. A. crinitus sp. nov. has conspicuous tufts of hair behind the ears, longer than nearby dorsal fur, pale cream in color; skin of ears pale brown, rather than medium brown on A. veluzi; ventral fur also cream-colored but paler, with a less apparent ochraceous wash, becoming nearly white on throat and under rostrum. Mystacial vibrissae of A. veluzi up to 55 mm, those of A. crinitus sp. nov. up to 50 mm. The tail of Apomys veluzi is slightly darker dorsally, with similar length; slightly longer in absolute length of head and body, hind foot, and ear, but similar in relative length of tail, hind foot, and ear (Table 1).</p><p>Compared to the skull of A.veluzi (Fig. 5B), that of A.crinitus sp. nov. (Fig.6A) is smaller in most measurements (Table 4), but with zygomatic breadth, rostral depth, rostral length, and orbito-temporal length equal or slightly greater, and with incisive foramen usually longer, zygomatic plate broader and braincase height greater (Table 4).</p><p>Relative to Apomys veluzi, A. minor sp. nov. is smaller (HB x̄ = 129 mm vs. 122 mm, TV x̄ = 151 mm vs. 140 mm, HF x̄ = 36.6 vs. 34.5 mm; BOL x̄ = 31.8 mm vs. 30.8 mm; Tables 1 and 4); has dorsal fur that is darker brown and less ochraceous; hair behind the ears that is the same length and color as nearby dorsal fur (tuft absent); fur on the top of the head that is the same color as over the torso, without a darkened “mask;” ventral pelage that is pale brown with distinct ochraceous wash, but often with a white blaze over the lower abdomen that is variable in length and width; tail dark brown dorsally, hairs barely visible, ventrally ranging from medium brown to white, proportionately longer in A. veluzi (TL/HB x̄ = 1.19 vs. 1.15; Table 1)</p><p>Skull of A. minor sp. nov. differs from A. veluzi in being smaller in most measurements, but with mastoid breadth, rostral depth, orbitotemporal length, upper molar toothrow length, palatal breadth, braincase height, and zygomatic plate nearly equal or slightly greater, and length of incisive foramen notably greater.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Mt. Abra de Ilog, from 710 m to 1325 m (survey area 2 in Fig. 1). Our survey of the mammals of Mt. Calavite, a nearby peak at the northwestern tip of Mindoro (survey area 1), failed to produce specimens of this species or other Megapomys .</p><p>Ecology. We captured 29 A. veluzi along our transect of Mt. Abra de Ilog, which reaches a maximum of 1421 m. All individuals were captured at night on the ground in traps baited with either live earthworms or thin slices of coconut fried and coated with peanut butter. Numbers per 100 trap-nights at our four sampling areas were 0.92 (9 at 710 m), 1.32 (11 at 850 m), 0.75 (6 at 1140 m), and 0.34 (3 at 1325 m). This was the most numerous species captured along our transect, with Apomys microdon and Anonymomys mindorensis as the next most common native species; Crocidura grayi, Apomys musculus, Chrotomys mindorensis, Rattus everetti gala, and Rattus mindorensis were also present along the transect, as were the exotic pest rats Rattus exulans and R. tanezumi . At 710 m and 850 m, we trapped A. veluzi in a narrow strip of disturbed lowland forest along the steep slopes next to the Pambuhan River, framed by extensive anthropogenic grassland on the upper slopes. The tallest trees were ca. 25 to 40 m, with Ficus, Shorea, Terminalia, and Mangifera among the most common. Leaf litter and humus were scarce. At 1140 and 1325 m, we trapped this species in transitional lowland-montane forest with trees reaching 15-30 m in height; Ficus and Shorea were present, but Elaeocarpus, Lithocarpus, and Syzygium were more common. Leaf litter and humus were each usually 1–3 cm thick at 1140 m, and 3–6 cm at 1325 m. Understory and ground-cover plants were abundant at all sampling areas.</p><p>Female A. veluzi have two pairs of inguinal mammae. Eight individuals weighing 25–58 g were noted in the field as having small, inconspicuous mammae; one of these weighing 54 g had no uterine scars or embryos. Four females weighing 57–66 g had larger, lightly pigmented mammae. Six males weighing from 57 g to 65 g had scrotal testes measuring 6 x 4 to 7 x 5 mm. Those of males weighing 54 g and 52 g had testes 7 x 4 and 5 x 4 mm, respectively, and two that weighed 51 g had abdominal testes of 4 x 3 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4871E4E311E7FFF79FF23FC5F5D1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Heaney, Lawrence R.;Balete, Danilo S.;Duya, Mariano Roy M.;Duya, Melizar V.;Kyriazis, Christopher C.;Rickart, Eric A.;Steppan, Scott J.;Rowsey, Dakota M.	Heaney, Lawrence R., Balete, Danilo S., Duya, Mariano Roy M., Duya, Melizar V., Kyriazis, Christopher C., Rickart, Eric A., Steppan, Scott J., Rowsey, Dakota M. (2025): Three new species of Philippine forest mice (Apomys, Muridae, Mammalia), members of a clade endemic to Mindoro Island. Zootaxa 5647 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.1.1
03B4871E4E321E7EFF79FAD4FCC35F86.text	03B4871E4E321E7EFF79FAD4FCC35F86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apomys (Megapomys) crinitus Heaney & Balete & Duya & Duya & Kyriazis & Rickart & Steppan & Rowsey 2025	<div><p>Apomys (Megapomys) crinitus, new species lsid:zoobank.org:act: C7D99D2B-5CBB-487A-984B-401C2913EC95</p><p>Figs. 2C and 6A; Tables 1 and 4</p><p>Holotype. Originally cataloged as FMNH 222954; to be transferred to PNM where it has been assigned catalog number PNM 9666. Adult male captured on 3 March 2014, field number D. S. Balete 10324. Fresh tissue removed from thigh and placed in 95% ethanol. The rest of the specimen was preserved in formalin, then transferred to 75% ethanol; skull (Fig. 6A) removed and cleaned using dermestid beetles and a weak ammonia solution. All parts in good condition.</p><p>Type Locality. Philippines: Mindoro Island: Occidental Mindoro Province: Sablayan Municipality: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.0608&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.69909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.0608/lat 12.69909)">Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park</a>: 2.6 km S, 3.4 km E Mt. Mangibok peak, elevation 700 m; 12.69909 o N, 121.0608 o E (Fig. 1) .</p><p>Measurements. Tables 1 and 4.</p><p>Specimens examined (7). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.0608&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.69909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.0608/lat 12.69909)">Sablayan Municipality</a>: Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park: 2.6 km S, 3.4 km E Mt. Mangibok peak, elevation 700 m: 12.69909 o N, 121.0608 o E (FMNH 222953, 222954, 222955) ; 4.5 km S, 5.4 km W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.93764&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.83108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.93764/lat 12.83108)">Mt. Talullah</a> peak, elevation 140 m: 12.83108 o N, 121.93764 o E (FMNH 228507, 228508, 228799) ; 2.5 km S, 4.0 km E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.06602&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.70077" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.06602/lat 12.70077)">Mt. Mangibok</a> peak, elev. 880 m: 12.70077 o N, 121.06602 o E (FMNH 241729) ; 4.0 km S, 5.0 km W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.94192&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.82673" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.94192/lat 12.82673)">Mt. Talullah</a> peak, elevation 140 m: 12.82673 o N, 121.94192 o E (FMNH 228509, 228510) .</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin crinitus, an adjective meaning long-haired or fringed, in reference to the fringe of white hair behind each ear.</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. A member of the genus Apomys, with diagnostic features as listed above. A small mouse (HB x̄ = 128 mm, BOL x̄ = 31.56 mm). The dorsal pelage of A. crinitus is a rich orange-brown with ochraceous highlights extending to top of head, darkening slightly but noticeably along the midline and between the eye and area supporting vibrissae, and paler orange-brown cheeks, producing a dark partial mask (Fig. 2C). Scattered long dark guard hairs barely project above dorsal pelage; underfur slate gray. Vibrissae up to 50 mm long. Small tuft of nearly white to slightly pale sandy-orange hair behind ear, longer than adjacent fur. Dorsal pelage becoming paler and brighter laterally before an abrupt transition to ventral pelage. Ventral fur is pale cream-colored with slight ochraceous wash, becoming nearly pure white on throat and under rostrum with pale gray underfur. Ears long and conspicuous, LE/HB x̄ = 0.16 (Table 1); skin on ears medium brown, paler toward base and at rim of ears, with microscopic hairs on both surfaces. Tail medium brown dorsally, white ventrally (when clean); a tiny white tip is sometimes present at tip of tail. Tail is bare, relatively long (TV/HB x̄ = 1.19; Table 1), with no hairs readily visible except for having short, inconspicuous hairs toward tip. Forefeet with pale cream fur dorsally that extends from lower forearm to base of digits; ventral side is unpigmented. Hind feet similarly furred and colored, relatively long and narrow (HF/HB x̄ = 0.28). Digits and claws on fore and hind feet curved, moderate in length. The skull of A. crinitus shares the diagnostic features of the genus Apomys as listed above, but is one of the smaller species of the subgenus Megapomys (BOL = 31.56 mm), with relatively broad zygomatic arches, narrow palate, high braincase, and broad zygomatic plate (Table 4).</p><p>Comparisons. Comparison with A. gracilirostris and A. veluzi as above. Relative to A. crinitus, A. minor sp. nov. is smaller, HB x̄ = 127 vs. 122 mm, tail both absolutely (x̄ = 151 vs. 140 mm) and relatively shorter (HB/TV x̄ = 1.19 vs. 1.15; Table 1). The dorsal fur of A. minor sp. nov. is darker brown with less evident ochraceous highlights; fur behind the ear similar to adjacent fur (nearly white tuft absent); darkened “mask” on muzzle largely absent; ventral pelage pale brown rather than cream, often with white blaze on lower abdomen that rarely extends to below jaw; ears dark brown; tail dark brown dorsally, rather than medium brown (Fig. 2D). Skull of A. minor sp. nov. differs from A. crinitus in being smaller overall (e.g., BOL = 30.79 mm vs. 31.56 mm, HB = 122 mm vs. 128 mm), but with nearly equal orbito-temporal length, upper molar toothrow length, and M1 breadth, and greater labial breadth at M3 (Table 4).</p><p>Distribution. Currently known from two localities at 140 m elevation on the lower slopes of Mt. Tallulah (survey area 4 in Fig. 1), and 700 m and 880 m on Mt. Mangibok (survey area 5 in Fig. 1; see Specimens Examined for details).</p><p>Ecology. We captured A. crinitus in seasonally deciduous forest over limestone at two localities, both at 140 m, that were nearby each other (see Specimens Examined); the number captured per 100 trap-nights at both localities was 0.51. All were captured at night, on the ground. The tallest trees reached 25–35 m, including Shorea, Ficus, Elaeocarpus, Artocarpus, Sterculia, and Mangifera; wild bananas ( Musa) and palms and other understory and ground plants were common. Thin (1–2 cm) layers of leaf litter and humus were present. The most abundant native small mammal was Chrotomys mindorensis; Anonymomys mindorensis, Apomys microdon, and Rattus everetti gala were also present, and non-native Rattus tanezumi was common. Extensive sampling at 160 m and 180 m captured no A. crinitus .</p><p>At 700 m on Mt. Mangibok (survey area 5 in Fig. 1), we captured three A. crinitus in disturbed lowland forest over limestone, along the steep banks of a shallow river, surrounded by agricultural fields that were burned frequently. Trees reached 12–20 m in height, with genera typical of lowland forest over limestone. Understory and ground-cover plants were abundant. Leaf litter and humus layers were each 3–5 cm thick. Other native small mammals at this locality included Apomys musculus, Rattus everetti gala, and Rattus mindorensis, but the exotic pest rats Rattus exulans and R. tanezumi predominated. At 880 m, in twelve trap-nights, we captured one A. crinitus, along with one Apomys musculus and one Rattus tanezumi . We captured none in our nearby 930 m locality in 603 trap-nights, where non-native rats predominated (eight Rattus exulans, and seven R. tanezumi, plus four arboreal Apomys musculus); the dominance of the non-native pest rats was associated with the heavily disturbed habitat.</p><p>Six male A. crinitus weighing 54–80 g had testes measuring from 5 x 4 to 8 x 5 mm. An adult female that weighed 60 g had two pairs of pigmented inguinal mammae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4871E4E321E7EFF79FAD4FCC35F86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Heaney, Lawrence R.;Balete, Danilo S.;Duya, Mariano Roy M.;Duya, Melizar V.;Kyriazis, Christopher C.;Rickart, Eric A.;Steppan, Scott J.;Rowsey, Dakota M.	Heaney, Lawrence R., Balete, Danilo S., Duya, Mariano Roy M., Duya, Melizar V., Kyriazis, Christopher C., Rickart, Eric A., Steppan, Scott J., Rowsey, Dakota M. (2025): Three new species of Philippine forest mice (Apomys, Muridae, Mammalia), members of a clade endemic to Mindoro Island. Zootaxa 5647 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.1.1
03B4871E4E341E79FF79FF23FB3B5FCD.text	03B4871E4E341E79FF79FF23FB3B5FCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apomys (Megapomys) minor Heaney & Balete & Duya & Duya & Kyriazis & Rickart & Steppan & Rowsey 2025	<div><p>Apomys (Megapomys) minor, new species lsid:zoobank.org:act: 937153CD-4A47-4E8D-BA0F-FC1A3DDAA702</p><p>Figs. 2D and 6B; Tables 1 and 4</p><p>Holotype. Originally cataloged as FMNH 228798; to be transferred to PNM, where it has been assigned catalog number PNM 9667.Adult male captured on 3 February 2015, field number D. S. Balete 10652. Fresh tissue removed from thigh and placed in 95% ethanol. The rest of the specimen was prepared as a full skeleton, stored in 95% ethanol, then cleaned using dermestid beetles and a weak ammonia solution. All parts in good condition.</p><p>Type Locality. Philippines: Mindoro Island: Occidental Mindoro Province: Rizal Municipality: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.19833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.74101" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.19833/lat 12.74101)">Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park</a>: 0.6 km S, 1.1 km W Mt. Wood peak, elevation 1280 m; 12.74101 o N, 121.19833 o E (Fig. 1) .</p><p>Measurements. Tables 1 and 4.</p><p>Specimens examined (6). Magsaysay Municipality: 4.25 km S, 2.65 km W Mt. Alibug peak, elevation 300 m, 12.30259 o N, 121.2165 o E (FMNH 235042); Rizal Municipality: Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park: 0.6 km S, 1.0 km W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.19833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.74101" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.19833/lat 12.74101)">Mt. Wood</a> peak, elevation 1280 m; 12.74101 o N, 121.19833 o E (FMNH 228504, 228504, 228506; 228797, 228798) .</p><p>Etymology. An adjective from the Latin minor, meaning small, in recognition of the status of this species as the smallest in the subgenus Megapomys currently known.</p><p>Diagnosis and description. A member of the genus Apomys, with diagnostic features as listed above. The smallest member of the subgenus Megapomys (HB 122 mm, BOL 30.79 mm; Tables 1, 4). The dorsal fur of A. minor is medium-dark brown with barely evident ochraceous highlights; fur behind the ear dark, similar to adjacent fur; darkened “mask” on muzzle largely absent; ventral pelage pale brown, often with white blaze on lower abdomen that rarely extends to below jaw; ears dark brown; skin of fore and hind feet unpigmented, sometimes lightly pigmented ventrally; tail dark brown dorsally, nearly white ventrally (Fig. 2D). Skull of A. minor differs from A. crinitus in being smaller overall (e.g., BOL = 30.79 mm vs. 31.5 mm, HB = 122 mm vs. 128 mm), but relative to other members of the A. gracilirostris group, zygomatic breadth is narrow, nasals and diastema are short; nearly equal orbito-temporal length, upper molar toothrow length, and M1 breadth; and greater labial breadth at M3 (Table 4). Compared to the series from Mt. Wood, our single specimen from Mt. Alibug is similar but has dorsal and ventral fur that is slightly paler and more ochraceous, with a slight but inconspicuous patch of less dark fur behind the ears.</p><p>Comparisons. See above.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from 1280 m elevation, 0.6 km S, 1.0 km W Mt. Wood peak in Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park, and from 300 m elevation at 4.25 km N, 2.65 km W Mt. Alibug peak, near the southern tip of Mindoro (Fig. 1).</p><p>Ecology. We captured five A. minor along our transect of Mt. Wood (sampling area 6 in Fig. 1), which is one of many peaks within Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park. We also captured one at 300 m near the southern tip of Mindoro, near Mt. Alibug (sampling area 9 in Fig. 1). All individuals were captured at night on the ground in traps baited with either live earthworms or thin slices of coconut fried and coated with peanut butter. At Mt. Wood, we captured them only at our lowest sampling area, 1280 m, and not at 1480 m or 1520 m; number per 100 trap-nights at 1280 m was 0.64. Suncus murinus and Rattus tanezumi were the most common species of small mammals at this locality; both are non-native species. Also present in small numbers were the following native small mammals: Crocidura grayi, Anonymomys mindorensis, Apomys microdon, Apomys musculus, Chrotomys mindorensis, Rattus everetti gala, and Rattus mindorensis; Apomys minor was the most common native species. Vegetation consisted of disturbed montane forest, with trees of the genera Agathis, Acer, Elaeocarpus, Ficus, Lithocarpus, Magnolia, and Syzygium the most common, reaching 12–20 m in height. Because the canopy was rather open, understory and ground-cover plants were abundant. Leaf litter and humus were each 1–5 mm thick.</p><p>On Mt. Alibug, we captured one specimen at 300 m in open-canopy secondary lowland forest over limestone heavily impacted by logging and charcoal-making. Molave ( Vitex parviflora) trees that once dominated this karstic habitat were present but scarce due to heavy logging; small, young Sterculia and Ficus were the most common native tree species, but plantations of the non-native Gmelina predominated. At this elevation, we also captured the native species Crocidura grayi and Apomys microdon, but the non-native pest rat Rattus tanezumi was by far the most abundant small mammal. Our intensive sampling areas at lower elevations (15 m, 90 m, and 170 m) near Mt. Alibug captured no A. minor; Rattus tanezumi was by far the most abundant species.</p><p>Two male A. minor weighing 55–64 g had scrotal testes measuring 6 x 3 to 7 x 4 mm. Two females weighing 52 and 58 g had pigmented mammae, and one weighing 50 g had tiny, unpigmented mammae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4871E4E341E79FF79FF23FB3B5FCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Heaney, Lawrence R.;Balete, Danilo S.;Duya, Mariano Roy M.;Duya, Melizar V.;Kyriazis, Christopher C.;Rickart, Eric A.;Steppan, Scott J.;Rowsey, Dakota M.	Heaney, Lawrence R., Balete, Danilo S., Duya, Mariano Roy M., Duya, Melizar V., Kyriazis, Christopher C., Rickart, Eric A., Steppan, Scott J., Rowsey, Dakota M. (2025): Three new species of Philippine forest mice (Apomys, Muridae, Mammalia), members of a clade endemic to Mindoro Island. Zootaxa 5647 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.1.1
