identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B287DCFF84521023EF54CAFB17F937.text	03B287DCFF84521023EF54CAFB17F937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ypthima persimilis Elwes & Edwards 1893	<div><p>Ypthima persimilis Elwes &amp; Edwards, 1893</p><p>(Figs. 1, 7, 9A, 10A)</p><p>Ypthima persimilis Elwes &amp; Edwards, 1893, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1893 (1): 3. Type locality (TL): Mao, Manipur.</p><p>Material examined. 1 ♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Menghai, Mengsong, Huazhuliangzi, 1700 m, 5.V.2017, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 24 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Lüchun, 2198–2278 m, 9–25.VIII.2023, legs. Lang Yi &amp; Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 1 ♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Yuanjiang, Yangjie, 2000 m, 29.VIII.2023, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 4 ♂♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Jingdong, Lomeshu, 2000 m, 3.IX.2023, legs. Hou Jiang &amp; Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Fengqing, Yongxin, 1500–1800 m, 7.IX.2023, legs. Hou Jiang &amp; Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 2 ♂♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Lushui, Gutanhe, 2150 m, 10.IX.2023, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 2 ♂♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Lushui, 2100 m, 12.IX.2023, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Ypthima persimilis can be distinguished from the sympatric Y. atra by the combination of the following characters: 1) on the underside, the striation is more yellowish brown, whereas it is less yellowish but more darkish brown in Y. atra; 2) the laminae of androconia (Fig. 10A) are elongated and bottle-shape, whereas those are obviously shorter and nearly triangular in Y. atra (Fig. 10B); 3) in the male genitalia, the dorsal lobe of valva (Fig. 9A) is acute, whereas it is broad and round in Y. atra (Fig. 9B).</p><p>Remarks. 1) Cantlie &amp; Norman (1959) already pointed out that the clasp (= valva) of Ypthima persimilis (Cantlie &amp; Norman, 1959: text-fig. 10) has a right-angled shoulder (= the dorsal lobe of valva) whereas the shoulder of Y. atra is round (Cantlie &amp; Norman, 1959: text-fig. 9), and therefore they described the latter as a distinct species. 2) Eliot (1967) said that androconia are with bottle-shaped bases in Y. persimilis and with triangular bases in Y. atra . A more accurate description of their androconia should be that the lamina of Y. persimilis is more elongated alike a bottle, whereas the lamina of Y. atra is short and nearly triangular. 3) In the key in Uémura (2023b), Y. atra (together with Y. atra taiwana) was distinguished from Y. persimilis and other similar congeners in sakra -group by the rounded forewing termen, whereas the forewing termen is nearly straight in its congeners. However, after examining more individuals of both species, the shape of the forewing termen is found to be an unstable character, as shown in figs 1 &amp; 2.</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), N. Vietnam, N. Laos, Myanmar, N. Thailand, N.E. India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287DCFF84521023EF54CAFB17F937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ding, Cui-Zhen;Lang, Song-Yun	Ding, Cui-Zhen, Lang, Song-Yun (2025): Notes on Ypthima persimilis Elwes & Edwards and its closely related species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5659 (1): 117-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7
03B287DCFF84521523EF511CFAACFE46.text	03B287DCFF84521523EF511CFAACFE46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ypthima atra Cantlie & Norman 1959	<div><p>Ypthima atra Cantlie &amp; Norman, 1959</p><p>(Figs. 2, 8, 9B, 10B)</p><p>Ypthima atra Cantlie &amp; Norman, 1959, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 56 (1): 69. TL: Kangpokpi, Manipur.</p><p>Ypthima persimilis (partim): Lang, 2022, Nymphalidae China 3: 142, pl. XV: fig. 17 (♂ wsf); pl. 27: fig. 333 (♂ wsf). [misidentification]</p><p>Material examined. 3 ♂♂, CHINA, Hainan, Mt. Wuzhishan, 15–17.IV.2015, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 3 ♂♂, CHINA, Hainan, Lingshui, Mt. Diaoluoshan, 20–23.IV.2015, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 5 ♂♂, CHINA, Guangxi, Jinxiu, Hekou, 700 m, 13–15.V.2015, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 1 ♂, CHINA, Guangxi, Jinxiu, Mt. Lianhua-shan, 1000 m, 19.V.2015, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 4 ♂♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Ximeng, Mengsuo, 1135m, 6–7.V.2019, legs. Song-yun Lang &amp; Lang Yi (LSY) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Its differential diagnosis with Ypthima persimilis is given in the diagnosis section of the latter above.</p><p>Remarks. 1) According to Uémura (2020), the record of Ypthima atra from Fujian Province, S.E. China was traced to the work of Lee &amp; Wang (1995) who recorded “ Y. formosana ” from Kinmen (Jinmen) which is a small coastal island off Xiamen (Amoy), Fujian. It is probable that Lee &amp; Wang (1995) studied material of true “ Y. formosana ”, viz. “ Y. atra taiwana ” from Taiwan Island, but wrongly labelled as Kinmen. Therefore, until the a reliable record from the island or the continental part of the province is established, the record of Y. atra from Fujian should be disregarded. 2) The specimens of Y. atra from Jinxiu, E. Guangxi are notably larger than specimens from S. Yunnan and Hainan Island, and the former might be a new subspecies, pending further research.</p><p>Distribution. China (S. Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan), N. Vietnam, N. Laos, N. Myanmar, N.E. India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287DCFF84521523EF511CFAACFE46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ding, Cui-Zhen;Lang, Song-Yun	Ding, Cui-Zhen, Lang, Song-Yun (2025): Notes on Ypthima persimilis Elwes & Edwards and its closely related species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5659 (1): 117-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7
03B287DCFF81521523EF57CFFDACFA08.text	03B287DCFF81521523EF57CFFDACFA08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ypthima taiwana (Lamas 2010) Lamas 2010	<div><p>Ypthima taiwana Lamas, 2010 stat. rev.</p><p>(Figs. 3, 9C, 10C)</p><p>Ypthima methora formosana Fruhstorfer, 1908, Ent. Z., Stuttgart 22 (29): 119. TL: Formosa. [Junior primary homonym of Ypthima formosana Matsumura, 1907]</p><p>Ypthima conjuncta formosana: Fruhstorfer in Seitz, 1911, Macrolepid. World 9: 292, pl. 99: f.</p><p>Ypthima formosana: Eliot, 1967, Entomologist 100 (2): 55, text-figs. h, i, figs. 16, 17.</p><p>Ypthima taiwana Lamas, 2010, SHILAP Revta. Lepid. 38 (150): 201. [Replacement name of Ypthima methora formosana Fruhstorfer, 1908]</p><p>Ypthima atra taiwana: Uémura, 2020, Bull. Toyosato Mus. Ent. 30: 6.</p><p>Material examined. photo: 1 ♂, “ Taiwan, Nantou Hueisun Exp. Forest 22.-24.X.1998 leg. Mey &amp; Ebert” (ZMHU) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Ypthima taiwana stat. rev. can be separated from the closely related Y. atra by the combination of the following characters: 1) on the hindwing underside, the dark discal line is clear, whereas it is blurry in Y. atra; 2) on the hindwing underside, the ground colour of the distal half is more whitish, whereas it is con-coloured with the basal half in Y. atra; 3) in the male genitalia, the dorsal lobe of valva (Fig. 9C) is more or less pointed, whereas it is broad and round in Y. atra (Fig. 9B).</p><p>Ypthima taiwana stat. rev. can be separated from the sympatric Y. angustipennis by the combination of the following characters: 1) forewing broader with termen rounded, whereas the termen is relatively straight in Y. angustipennis; 2) on the hindwing underside, the ground colour is less whitish especially on the basal half; 3) on the hindwing underside, the apical ocellus in space 5 is equal in size with the anal ocellus in space 2, whereas the ocellus in space 5 is larger than the one in space 2 in Y. angustipennis; 4) the laminae of androconia (Fig. 10C) are nearly triangular, whereas the basal two thirds of the laminae in Y. angustipennis are nearly square (Fig. 10E).</p><p>Remarks. Based upon the distinct difference in the valva, the Taiwanese Ypthima taiwana stat. rev. is reinstated and separated from the Asian mainland and Hainan Island species Y. atra . As a result, currently three species in the sakra -group are known from Taiwan Island, all of which have their corresponding sibling species respectively in the Asian mainland (Table 1).</p><p>Distribution. China (Taiwan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287DCFF81521523EF57CFFDACFA08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ding, Cui-Zhen;Lang, Song-Yun	Ding, Cui-Zhen, Lang, Song-Yun (2025): Notes on Ypthima persimilis Elwes & Edwards and its closely related species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5659 (1): 117-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7
03B287DCFF81521623EF510AFD77FDD7.text	03B287DCFF81521623EF510AFD77FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ypthima luxurians Forster 1948	<div><p>Ypthima luxurians Forster, 1948</p><p>(Figs. 4, 9D, 10D)</p><p>Ypthima conjuncta luxurians Forster, 1948, Mitt. Münch. ent. Ges. 34: 482, pls. 32, 33: 1, 2. TL: Fukien.</p><p>Ypthima luxurians: Uémura, 2020, Bull. Toyosato Mus. Ent. 30: 7.</p><p>Ypthima evansi luxurians: Lang, 2022, Nymphalidae China 3: 143, pl. XV: fig. 22. [error (Lang, 2022b)]</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.4/lat 27.4)">Material</a> examined. 1 ♂, CHINA, Zhejiang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.4/lat 27.4)">Qingyuan</a>, 10–20.VI.2019, leg. Qing-song Wu (LSY); photo: 1 ♂, “Holo-typus ♂ Ypthima conjuncta luxurians Forster W. Forster München / Kuatun 2300m (Fukien) 27, 40 n. Br./ 117, 40 ö. L. 7.7. 1938. H. Höne / Genital – Präparat: Gross Nr. 363/ ZFMK Lep153453” (ZFMK).</p><p>Diagnosis. Ypthima luxurians is more closely related to Y. persimilis than to other congeners, and it can be distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters: 1) size much larger; 2) on the underside of both wings, the striae are more coarse, whereas they are finer and denser in Y. persimilis; 3) on the forewing underside, the subbasal fascia is clear, whereas it is blurry in Y. persimilis; 4) in the male genitalia, the dorsal lobe of valva (Fig. 9D) is more pointed than that in Y. persimilis (Fig. 9A).</p><p>Remarks. This species is only known from a narrow range in E. China. Uémura (2023b) recorded two females of Y. luxurians from Dayaoshan, [Jinxiu, Guangxi]; however, presence of this species in S. China requires further confirmation based on male specimens from the same area.</p><p>Distribution. China (N. Fujian, S. Zhejiang).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287DCFF81521623EF510AFD77FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ding, Cui-Zhen;Lang, Song-Yun	Ding, Cui-Zhen, Lang, Song-Yun (2025): Notes on Ypthima persimilis Elwes & Edwards and its closely related species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5659 (1): 117-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7
03B287DCFF82521623EF54BFFDACFBB8.text	03B287DCFF82521623EF54BFFDACFBB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ypthima angustipennis Takahashi 2000	<div><p>Ypthima angustipennis Takáhashi, 2000</p><p>(Figs. 5, 9E, 10E)</p><p>Ypthima angustipennis Takáhashi, 2000, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 51 (1): 4, figs. 9-14. TL: Tengzhi, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.</p><p>Material examined. photo: 1 ♂, “ Taiwan, Nantou Hueisun Exp. Forest 22.-24.X.1998 leg. Mey &amp; Ebert” (ZMHU) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Its differential diagnosis with the sympatric Ypthima taiwana stat. rev. and its continental sibling species Y. microconjuncta is given above in the diagnosis sections of both species, respectively.</p><p>Remarks. Based upon the male genitalia and androconial features, the sibling of the insular Ypthima angustipennis is the recently described Y. microconjuncta from Asian mainland (E. Guizhou, S.W. China) (Table 1), as stated below. However, they are easily distinguishable from each other by the wing patterns.</p><p>Distribution. China (Taiwan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287DCFF82521623EF54BFFDACFBB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ding, Cui-Zhen;Lang, Song-Yun	Ding, Cui-Zhen, Lang, Song-Yun (2025): Notes on Ypthima persimilis Elwes & Edwards and its closely related species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5659 (1): 117-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7
03B287DCFF82521623EF5295FDF9F81E.text	03B287DCFF82521623EF5295FDF9F81E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ypthima microconjuncta Lang 2024	<div><p>Ypthima microconjuncta Lang, 2024</p><p>(Figs. 6, 9F, 10F)</p><p>Ypthima microconjuncta Lang, 2024, Atalanta 55 (1/2): 244, figs. 1, 4a, 5. TL: Shibing, Guizhou.</p><p>Material examined. 1 ♂, holotype, CHINA, Guizhou, Shibing, Yuntai-shan, 800 m, 1.VI.2024, leg. Song-yun Lang (CMNH) ; 2 ♂♂, paratypes, CHINA, Guizhou, Shibing, Yuntai-shan, 800 m, 1-2.VI.2024, legs. Hou Jiang &amp; Song-yun Lang (LSY) ; 1 ♂, paratype, CHINA, Guizhou, Shibing, Yuntai-shan, 800 m, 9.VI.2023, leg. Hou Jiang (LSY) .</p><p>Diagnosis. On Asian mainland, the appearance of Ypthima microconjuncta is very similar to Y. atra, and it can be distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters: 1) on the forewing upperside, the yellowish ring of the subapical ocellus is ill-defined, whereas it is clear in Y. atra; 2) the ground colour of upperside is more greyish, whereas it is more brownish in Y. atra; 3) the laminae of androconia (Fig. 10F) are very stout, whereas they are generally somewhat narrower and slightly elongated in Y. atra (Fig. 10B); 4) in lateral view, the dorsal lobe of valva (Fig. 9F) is triangular with an acute tip, whereas it is rounded and less produced in Y. atra (Fig. 9B).</p><p>Ypthima microconjuncta can be easily separated from its sibling species Y. angustipennis from Taiwan Island by the combination of the following characters: 1) on the forewing upperside, the subapical ocellus is oval with its yellowish ring blurry, whereas it is more rounded with its yellowish ring clear in Y. angustipennis; 2) on the hindwing underside, the subapical ocelli in spaces 5 and 6 are relatively small, whereas they are obviously enlarged in Y. angustipennis; 3) on the hindwing underside, the striae are thinner and denser; 4) the laminae of androconia (Fig. 10F) are very short and nearly triangular at basal two thirds, whereas those in Y. angustipennis are elongated and have the basal two thirds nearly squarish (Fig. 10E).</p><p>Distribution. China (E. Guizhou).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287DCFF82521623EF5295FDF9F81E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ding, Cui-Zhen;Lang, Song-Yun	Ding, Cui-Zhen, Lang, Song-Yun (2025): Notes on Ypthima persimilis Elwes & Edwards and its closely related species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 5659 (1): 117-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.7
