identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B24E5EFF90E97EFF25F8DD58DE4302.text	03B24E5EFF90E97EFF25F8DD58DE4302.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mancoa chontaensis Al-Shehbaz, Cano, Machahua, J. Roque & Mazzei 2025	<div><p>Mancoa chontaensis Al-Shehbaz, Cano, Machahua, J.Roque &amp; Mazzei, sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Mancoa chontaensis differs from the remaining species of the genus by having narrowly oblong to linear silique, biseriate seeds, and flowers in ebracteate racemes and/or solitary pedicels originating from basal rosettes.</p><p>Type: — PERU. Dep. Huancavelica. Prov. Castrovirreyna, [Cordillera Chonta, Distr. Castrovirreyna], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.346115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.004723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.346115/lat -13.004723)">Abra</a>, 13°00’17”S, 75°20’46”W, 4873 m, 11 March 2018, Miguel Machahua &amp; José Roque 198 (holotype: USM-354952; isotype, MO-4015216). Figure 1 .</p><p>Description:—Herbs prostrate, short lived-perennial, sparsely to moderately puberulent with a mixture of simple and short-stalked, 2- or 4-rayed forked trichomes mixed with fewer subdendritic ones 0.05–0.1 mm long. Stems 4–8 from rosette, 3–8 cm long, procumbent, simple, glabrous or sparsely puberulent with simple and fewer subsessile 2-rayed trichomes, glabrous at plant maturity. Basal leaves rosulate, 1.5–3 cm long; petiole 1–1.7 cm long; blade oblanceolate to spatulate in outline, 1.5–2 cm long, pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, puberulent; lateral lobes 3–7 on each side, ovate to oblong, entire, obtuse, smallest proximally, 1–3 × 1–1.5 mm, terminal lobe obtuse at apex; cauline leaves petiolate, similar to basal ones but smaller and fewer lobed. Inflorescence remaining flat on ground, either exclusively solitary flowers on pedicels from basal rosette or mixed with ebracteate, 8–12-flowered racemes, subcorymbose, hardly or slightly elongated and to 8 cm long in fruit; rachis glabrous, sometimes considerably reduced in length and together with cauline leaves forming a pseudo-rosette; fruiting pedicels glabrous, terete, 0.8–2 cm long, appressed to rachis. Sepals oblong, erect, 2.5–3.5 mm long in flowers becoming 4–5 mm long in fruit, persistent throughout fruit maturity and dehiscence, sparsely pubescent with few trichomes or glabrescent, not membranous at margin; petals creamy white, erect, spatulate, 2.5–4 × 0.8–1.2 mm, rounded at apex, claw 1–1.5 mm long; stamens tetradynamous, median pairs ca. 3 mm long, lateral pair ca. 2 mm long; anthers ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm long; ovules 12–24 per ovary. Fruits linear to narrowly oblong, 15–17 × 2.5–3 mm, length 5–7 times width, subangustiseptate-subterete; valves sparsely pubescent when young with simple and subsessile forked trichomes on valve and/or replum, usually glabrous at maturity, terete, smooth, not keeled or veined; septum complete, membranous; style 0.8–1 mm long; stigma entire. Seeds oblong, plump, wingless, biseriate, smooth, 1.1–1.5 × 0.7–0.9 mm.</p><p>Distribution:— Endemic to Peru and known from a handful collections from Cordillera Chonta in Huancavelica Department. Figure 2.</p><p>Habitat:— Grows in cryoturbed soils in alpine areas, recorded at 4870–5020 m asl.</p><p>Etymology:— The new species is named after Cordillera Chonta, the mountain range where its two populations were found.</p><p>Phenology:— The populations of this species were found flowering and fruiting in January and March.</p><p>IUCN preliminary conservation assessment:— Preliminary analyses suggest that Mancoa chontaensis should be included in the Endangered category (EN), according to criteria B2ab(ii,iv) of the IUCN red list (IUCN, 2022). The new species has an area of occupation (AOO) of 8 km 2 (&lt;10 km 2) and its populations occur in two localities belonging to the Cordillera Chonta mountain range. The main threat to this species is the presence of mining activity less than 7 km from its area of occupation. The estimated number of mature individuals per population is approximately 75–100.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— PERU. [All collections from Cordillera Chonta] Dep. Huancavelica, Prov. Castrovirreyna, Distr. Castrovirreyna, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.346115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.004723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.346115/lat -13.004723)">Abra</a>, cerca de la Laguna Antajocha, 13°00’17”S, 75°20’46”W, 4873 m, 16 January 2025, Machahua &amp; Roque 355, 356 (USM) ; Distr. Santa Ana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.059166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.076388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.059166/lat -13.076388)">Abra Chonta</a>, 13°04’35”S, 75°03’33”W, 5020 m, 17 January 2025, Machahua &amp; Roque 366, 367 (USM) .</p><p>Discussion:— The description of Mancoa chontaensis expands the generic limits of Mancoa as delimited by Bailey et al. (2007). This necessitates emending the circumscription of the genus as follows. It is easily distinguished from its congeners by having subangustiseptate siliques instead of strongly angustiseptate silicles. This difference in fruit morphology, however, is sometimes trivial because it is found in many genera, including smaller ones such as Tropidocarpum Hook. (4 spp.), Vella L. (8 spp.), Halimolobos Tausch (8 spp.), as well as medium-sized genera, such as Sisymbrium L. (ca. 50 spp.) and Hesperis L. (ca. 52 spp.) and larger ones, e.g. Draba L. (ca. 400 spp.), Heliophila L. (106 spp.). Three of the eight species of Halimolobos produce silicles, and that led Rollins (1976) to place them in Mancoa . They and the other species of Halimolobos are easily distinguished from the other New World genera by having bimodal trichome size of large and much smaller dendritic trichomes on the fruit valves.</p><p>The North-South American disjunction of Mancoa is not surprising because it and three other genera of the Halimolobeae ( Exhalimolobos Al-Shehbaz &amp; C.D.Bailey, Pennellia and, Halimolobos) have bicontinental distributions, whereas Sphaerocaramum S.Schauer (4 spp.) is endemic to Mexico and Petroravenia (1 sp.) is endemic to northern Argentina in Catamarca, Jujuy, and Salta Provinces.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B24E5EFF90E97EFF25F8DD58DE4302	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.;Cano, Asunción;Machahua, Miguel;Roque, José;Mazzei, Piero	Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A., Cano, Asunción, Machahua, Miguel, Roque, José, Mazzei, Piero (2025): Mancoa chontaensis, a new species from Peru, and a synopsis of the genus Mancoa (Halimolobeae; Brassicaceae). Phytotaxa 701 (1): 121-125, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.701.1.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.701.1.10
03B24E5EFF92E97FFF25F9D15E2147D7.text	03B24E5EFF92E97FFF25F9D15E2147D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mancoa Weddell 1859	<div><p>Mancoa Wedd., nom. cons., non Rafinesque (1836: 56), nom. rej.</p><p>Type: Mancoa hispida Wedd.</p><p>Hartwegiella Schulz (1933: 187) .</p><p>Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial. Trichomes forked or dendritic, sometimes mixed with simple ones, rarely absent. Multicellular glands absent. Stems decumbent or ascending to erect, few to several from base, usually branched above. Basal leaves petiolate, often rosulate, simple, 1- or 2-pinnatisect, sometimes pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, dentate or ultimate lobes subentire; cauline leaves sessile or short petiolate, auriculate or not, dentate to pinnately lobed. Inflorescence several- to many-flowered raceme, fully bracteate or ebracteate, elongated or not in fruit, rarely flowers on solitary pedicels originating from axils of rosette leaves; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate, persistent. Sepals ovate to oblong, free, deciduous or persistent, spreading or ascending, pubescent, base of lateral pair not saccate; petals white, longer than or subequaling sepals; blade obovate to spatulate, apex obtuse; claws slightly differentiated from blade, shorter than sepals, glabrous, unappendaged; stamens 6, erect to ascending, slightly tetradynamous; filaments wingless, unappendaged, glabrous, free; anthers ovate or oblong, obtuse at apex; nectar glands confluent, subtending bases of all stamens; ovules (12−)30−100 per ovary; placentation parietal. Fruits dehiscent silicles or rarely siliques, elliptic, ovate, oblong, or rarely linear, strongly angustiseptate to subangustiseptate-subterete, not inflated, unsegmented; valves papery, obscurely veined, pubescent or glabrous, not or slightly keeled, smooth, wingless, unappendaged; gynophore obsolete; replum rounded, visible; septum complete or rarely perforated, veinless; style distinct or obsolete; stigma entire. Seeds biseriate, wingless, ovoid to ellipsoid, plump; seed coat not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent.</p><p>Ten species: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, and Mexico.</p><p>Key to the species of Mancoa</p><p>1. Fruits subangustiseptate-subterete, narrowly oblong to linear silique 15−17 mm long, length 5−7× width; seeds 12−24 per fruit; fruits on solitary pedicels originating from rosette center, or/and in racemes......................................................... 1. M. chontaensis</p><p>- Fruits strongly angustiseptate, elliptic, ovate, or oblong silicle 4−10 mm long, length 2−3× width; seeds 30−100 per fruit; all flowers and fruits on racemes, rarely few on solitary pedicels ..........................................................................................................2</p><p>2. Fruits densely pubescent or hispid .....................................................................................................................................................3</p><p>- Fruits glabrous....................................................................................................................................................................................5</p><p>3. Cauline leaves auriculate; sepals caducous; annuals; Mexico .................................................................................... 7. M. mexicana</p><p>- Cauline leaves not auriculate; sepals persistent; biennials or perennials; South America .................................................................4</p><p>4. Stems decumbent or prostrate, 2−8 from base; leaf trichomes 2- or 3-rayed; fruit septum complete; style 0.2−0.8 mm long; seeds 0.6−08 × 0.4−0.5 mm ......................................................................................................................................................4. M. hispida</p><p>- Stems erect, 1 or rarely 2 from base; leaf trichomes (3 or)4−8-rayed; fruit septum perforated or reduced to a rim, rarely complete; style 0.8−1.5 mm long; seeds 1−1.4 × 0.6−0.9 mm .....................................................................................................10. M. venturii</p><p>5. Racemes ebracteate (1 flower in L. perennis form last leaf axil of main stem); ovules/seeds 24−40(−50) per ovary/fruit ..............6</p><p>- Racemes bracteate at least along proximal half or third; ovules/seeds (50−)60−100 per ovary/fruit................................................7</p><p>6. Annuals; stems glabrous; leaves lyrate with 3−5 lateral lobes on each side; sepals persistent; fruits 5−7 mm long; South America. ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. M. laevis</p><p>- Perennials; stems pubescent; leaves dentate; sepals caducous; fruits 2−2.5 mm long; Mexico ...................................8. M. perennis</p><p>7. Fruiting racemes 3−8 cm long; plants prostrate perennial; petals obsolete or to 1.2 mm long.................................9. M. rollinsiana</p><p>- Fruiting racemes&gt; 9 cm long; plants erect, ascending, or decumbent annual or biennial; petals (1.5−) 2−4 mm long......................8</p><p>8. Fruits 3−4 mm long; fruiting pedicels 5−10 mm long ................................................................................................ 1. M. bracteata</p><p>- Fruits (5−) 6−8 mm long; fruiting pedicels 1−3(−5) mm long............................................................................................................9</p><p>9. Fruiting pedicels pubescent; petals spatulate, 3.5−4 mm long; anthers 0.6−0.8 mm long; Mexico ................................... 6. M. laxa</p><p>- Fruiting pedicels glabrous; petals oblanceolate, 1.5−2.5 mm long; anthers 0.2−0.3 mm long; Bolivia ........................ 3. M. foliosa</p><p>The following is the country and state or provincial distribution of all Mancoa species. For literature of their original publication, full synonymies, and typifications, the reader is advised to consult Bailey et al. (2007). Only those published post that date are listed below.</p><p>1. Mancoa bracteata (S.Watson) Rollins. Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Zacatecas).</p><p>2. Mancoa chontaensis Al-Shehbaz, Cano, Machahua, J.Roque &amp; Mazzei. Distribution: Peru (Huancavelica).</p><p>3. Mancoa foliosa (Wedd.) O.E.Schulz. Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy, Tucumán), Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz).</p><p>4. Mancoa hispida Wedd. Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán), Bolivia (La Paz, Oruro, Potosí), Chile (Antofagasta, Tarapacá), Peru (Áncash, Arequipa, Cusco, Lima, Moquegua, Tacna).</p><p>5. Mancoa laevis Wedd. Distribution: Bolivia (Potosí). Peru (Puno).</p><p>6. Mancoa laxa Rollins. Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua).</p><p>7. Mancoa mexicana Gilg &amp; Muschl. Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas).</p><p>8. Mancoa perennis, L.Hern. &amp; M. Martínez. Distribution: Mexico (Michoacán).</p><p>9. Mancoa rollinsiana Calderón. Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo).</p><p>10. Mancoa venturii Al-Shehbaz. Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy), Bolivia (Cochabamba, Potosí).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B24E5EFF92E97FFF25F9D15E2147D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.;Cano, Asunción;Machahua, Miguel;Roque, José;Mazzei, Piero	Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A., Cano, Asunción, Machahua, Miguel, Roque, José, Mazzei, Piero (2025): Mancoa chontaensis, a new species from Peru, and a synopsis of the genus Mancoa (Halimolobeae; Brassicaceae). Phytotaxa 701 (1): 121-125, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.701.1.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.701.1.10
