taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BC8780CD7E2421FF02FD7AEDD4F9D6.taxon	synonymic_list	Basionym: Characium limneticum Lemm. 1903 Synonym: Lambertia limnetica (Lemm.) Korš. 1953]	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD7E2421FF02FD7AEDD4F9D6.taxon	description	Description: Spindle-cylindrical cells, divided into segments, straight, narrowed at both ends and sharply pointed, free-floating. Cells attached to the shells of planktonic crustaceans were not observed in the material. Total cell length 205.9 – 119.0 × 6.8 – 11.6 µm, spines 52.0 – 54.9 µm long. Each cell segment with a chloroplast bearing one pyrenoid. Single spindle-cylindrical segments, 5.6 – 8.8 µm long, 6.8 – 11.6 µm wide. Found in site: Few cells of Korshikoviella limnetica (Lemm.) Silva 1959 were recorded only in phytoplankton of peat cut No. 1 and No. 3. In peat cut No. 1, the taxon was found in samples from September 29, 2005. In peat cut waters no. 3, the occurrence of the species was recorded in material from April 30, 2006.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD7E2421FF02FD7AEDD4F9D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Poland: From Poland, the species is recorded from plankton, mainly ponds (Krzeczkowska-Wołoszyn, 1977, 1979; Krzeczkowska-Wołoszyn, Kyselowa, 1979; Kyselowa, 1966; Sosnowska, 1957, 1968; Stefko, 1976, and others). General distribution and ecology: Korshikoviella limnetica occurs in temperate and tropical waters. Localities of the species are known from Algeria, Japan, Austria, Sweden, Sierra Leone, South Africa, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Hungary, and the USA (Komarek, Fott, 1983). The occurrence of this taxon is possible due to the presence of planktonic crustaceans, on whose shell the species develops. Occasionally, the species appears in plankton as free-swimming. Its biology limits the occurrence of typical phytoplankton species in samples. This feature does not allow determining its distribution and therefore it should be assumed that it occurs in scattered locations.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD7F2420FF2CFF6BECE4FC83.taxon	synonymic_list	Basionym: Tetraedron spinulosum Schmidle 1896 Synonym: Lagerheimia urmaniensis Wołosz. 1911.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD7F2420FF2CFF6BECE4FC83.taxon	description	Description: Single, tetradry, 5 - sided cells, extended into conical, broadly rounded arms, separated by a wide and shallow bay. The horns are equipped with a bundle of 2 – 3 delicate hyaline hairs. The cell wall is smooth. Wall chromatophore with one pyrenoid. Cell diameter 15.3 – 25.5 µm, hairs up to 20.4 µm long. Found in site: The taxon in the collected research material generally occurred in waters in all peat cut. Its presence was most often recorded in peat cut 1, 2, 3 in samples collected in July 2005. In other water reservoirs it was not very abundant in samples from various research dates.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD7F2420FF2CFF6BECE4FC83.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Poland: From Poland, reported so far from four localities (Bucka, 1965; Sosnowska-Półtoracka, 1968; Uherkovich, 1970; Szyjkowski, 1982). In the Catalog of prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae in Poland (Siemińska, Wołowski, 2003), the occurrence of the taxon is given in the works of Buck (1965), Siemińska et Siemińska (1967), [Sosnowska-] Póltoracka (1968), Szklarczyk-Gazdowa (1965), Uherkovich (1971), Szyjkowski (1982). General distribution and ecology: Polyedriopsis spinulosa occurs in the plankton of lakes and ponds in Europe, Central America and the Middle East.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD7F242FFF2CFC5FED29FAB8.taxon	synonymic_list	Basionym: Pediastrum simplex Meyen 1829 var. echinulatum Wittr. in Wittr. et Nordst. in 1883. Synonym: Pediastrum clathratum (Schröder) Lemm. var. asperum Lemm. 1897, p. 182, Fig. 6.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD7F242FFF2CFC5FED29FAB8.taxon	description	Description: The variety occurs in the studied peat cut together with the typical form. Most often, very characteristic 4 - cell cenobia were observed in the analysed material, less often 8 - cell cenobia. Cenobia 4 - celled with a small, regularly square central perforation, 8 - celled, usually imperforated or with irregular perforation. The wall of the entire cell surface is covered with approximately 1 µm long spines. The processes of the marginal cells of the 4 - cell cenobia are slightly arched. Cenobia 4 cells, 59.5 – 63.7 µm in diameter. Cells with processes 28.9 – 32.1 µm long, without processes 17.0 – 18.1 µm long and 13.6 – 14.5 µm wide. Marginal cell processes 11.9 – 12.3 µm long. Cenobia 8 cells with a diameter of up to 81.6 µm. Marginal cells with processes 25.5 – 32.3 µm long, 8.5 – 13.6 µm wide, without processes 13.6 – 20.4 µm long. Inner cells of cenobium with dimensions of 8.5 × 9.1 – 10.2 × 11.2 µm. The most common species in the research material are 4 - cell cenobia. Multi-locular cenobia Monactinus simplex var. echinulatum (Wittr.) Pérez, Maidana & Comas, appear rarely. The research material also includes cenobia of the nominal species Monactinus simplex var. simplex. They are usually 8 – 16 multi-celled. Found in site: In the plankton of the studied water reservoirs, Monactinus simplex var. echinulatum (Wittr.) Pérez, Maidana & Comas occurs with varying amounts throughout the entire research period from July to November. However, the optimal development of the taxon in individual peat cut is different. The variety has the most favorable conditions for development in peat cut waters No. 1 in July-September at a temperature of 21.8 – 26.8 ° C and a high pH value of 7.8 – 9.2.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD7F242FFF2CFC5FED29FAB8.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Poland: In Poland, Monactinus simplex var. echinulatum (Wittr.) Pérez, Maidana & Comas, 2009 (= Pediastrum simplex Meyen 1829 var. echinulatum Wittr. in Wittr. et Nordstedt 1883) is recorded relatively very rarely. So far, the taxon was reported from the plankton of a lake near Gdańsk (Schröder, 1898), from a pond near Kraków (Raciborski, 1889), from the area of Greater Poland, from warm-water lakes. Lake Gosławskie, Lake Licheńskie, Lake Pątnowskie, Lake Ślesińskie (Socha, 1993), as well as lake Sumino in the Łęczycko-Włodawa Lake District (Pasztelaniec, Poniewozk, 2004). In a monographic study devoted to species of the genus Pediastrum Meyen, based on literature data and research (Lenarczyk, 2014), she confirmed the occurrence of the taxon only in 10 sites out of 71 examined, located in various physiographic regions of Poland. In the research material, new sites were recorded in the area of the Southern Baltic Coast (2 sites), the southern Baltic Lake District (2 sites), the Polesie Lake District – 6 sites and the Northen Sub-Carpathia – 1 site. General distribution and ecology: Monactinus simplex var. echinulatum (Wittr.) Pérez, Maidana & Comas (= Pediastrum simplex var. echinulatum) is known from France, Israel, and Hungary. According to Lenarczyk (2014), the species prefers plankton of eurotrophic-mesotrophic waters. Research carried out (Lenarczyk, 2014) on the basic hydrochemical and habitats indicate that the taxon prefers water with elevated temperature and alkaline reaction (pH 7.9 – 9.2), as well as conductivity 280 – 1588 µS / cm, total handiness 8.6 – 20.00, carbonate hardness 8.0 – 11.6, nitrates <5.0 – 10.0 mg / dm 3 and Monactinus simplex var. echinulatum (Wittr.) Pérez, Maidana & Comas mixed catchments and on oxbow lake. It seems to be an important parameter determining the occurrence of Pediastrum simplex var. echinulatum namely the increased temperature of water and its strong alkaline reaction.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD70242BFF02FA44EEA2FD3A.taxon	synonymic_list	Basionim: lack Synonym: lack	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD70242BFF02FA44EEA2FD3A.taxon	description	Description: Hexagonal cells, almost as long as they are wide, deeply narrowed. Length of cells without spines 34.7 – 35.0 µm, length with spines 38.9 – 39.1 µm, width without spines 36.8 µm, width with spines 40.05 – 41.05 µm, isthmus 7.8 – 8.4 µm wide. The sinus in the outer part is wide open and linear, at the end it is short and narrow and sharply cut. The semi-cells are trapezoidal, cup-shaped, with a slightly convex top and equipped with 6 papillae. From above, the half-cells are triangular in shape, with three slightly wavy sides. The central protrusion takes up about 1 / 3 of the side length. On both sides there are smaller bulges of the wall separated by gentle and shallow bays. Along each of the walls of the triangular surface of the half-cell there are two papillary protuberances, arranged parallel to its side, each of which is equipped with two strong spines, 3.15 – 3.68 µm long. The corner parts of the triangular half-cells are broadly rounded, equipped with two spines, 3.15 – 3.68 µm long, below which there is an additional pair of short papilla-like processes. The remaining surface of the cell walls is without ornamentation.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD70242BFF02FA44EEA2FD3A.taxon	discussion	Comments: The found cells in terms of form, size and ornamentation correspond to the characteristics of Staurastrum cyclacanthum W. et G. S. West, however, they differ from both the form of the nominal species and the previously described variety of S. c. var. brevissimum Pal. - Mordv. The table below provides the basic parameters and characteristic features of the species S. c. var. b revissimum Pal. - Mordv. and the variety found.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD70242BFF02FA44EEA2FD3A.taxon	description		en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
03BC8780CD70242BFF02FA44EEA2FD3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Poland: Unknown. The occurrence of the variety in the algae flora in Poland has not yet been recorded in the Catalog of Polish prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae, neither Catalog of prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae in Poland (Siemińska, Wołowski, 2003) as well as nor in the icon library of the Institute of Botany. W. Szafer in Kraków. This form of cells has not been found in the basic algological literature (W. et G. S. West, 1912, 1923; Hirano, 1959, 1960; Coesel, 1997; Coesel, Meesters, 2007; Lenzenweger, 1997; Palmar-Mordvienceva, 1982, 2005; Kanetsuna, Yamagishi, 2018. General distribution and ecology: Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. brevissimum and S. c. var. dissimile were described by Palmar-Mordviencev (1982) from lake waters in Ukraine. Nominal taxon S. c. var. cyclacantum W. et G. S. West was described from lakes in the lake area of Western Europe. The occurrence of the S. c. var. cyclacantum W. et G. S. West in New Zealand was confirmed by Casdale, Flint (1988). The authors also report its occurrence in Sri Lanka and South America. The source literature on the ecology of the nominal taxon and its varieties does not contain detailed information on the habitat parameters of the species. Found in site: Measurements of basic ecological parameters and hydrochemical features of water in the post-peat reservoir No. 1 at the research date are given in Tab. 3. Table 2 compares the features characteristic of Staurastrum cyclacanthum W. et G. S. West var. brevissimum Pal. - Mordv. and varieties S. c. var. pseudobrevissimum W. W. A. Kowalski et K. Komarzewska var. nova.	en	Komarzewska, Katarzyna, Kowalski, Wojciech W. A. (2024): Staurastrum cyclacanthum var. pseudobrevissimus - a new variety of desmids and some other rare taxa found in peat bogs (Western Pomerania, Poland). Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae 9: 9-32, DOI: 10.24917/25438832.9.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.24917/25438832.9.1
