taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BA0B6BFFBE4D4A2EE0F09EFA9AF927.taxon	description	Habit and leaf: — The species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae are trees or shrubs, 2 ‒ 30 m; branches with nodes and internodes, striate, glabrous, or with indumentum, lenticellate and some with glandular points. The ochrea are quickly deciduous, membranous or chartaceous, glabrous or with indumentum, whether pubescent, strigose, puberulent, hirsute or woolly; the petiole is glabrous or puberulent, strigose or hirsute; in all species the petiole originates from the basal part of the ocrea. The leaves are ovate, broadly obovate, elliptic, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, glabrous or abaxially hirsute, strigose, puberulent or pubescent. Inflorescences: — Inflorescences in Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae species may be racemiform or spiciform, grouped in a panicle. The panicles may present two types of growth: monopodial, that is, with a well-developed main axis, generally greater than 8 cm long (Fig. 1 A); this type of panicle is present only in South American species such as C. mollis, C. efigeniana J. J. Ortiz-Diaz & J. J. Ancona and C. gigantifolia E. Melo, C. A. Cid Ferreira & R. Gribel. On the other hand, the remaining species of the section present panicles with sympodial growth, which have a reduced main axis, less than 1 – 3 cm long, rarely reaching 5 cm (Fig. 1 C). In general, Coccoloba species considered to have spiciform inflorescences are characterized by the complete absence of the pedicel or with reduced pedicels to less than 1 mm long (Fig. 1 B); while the species considered to be racemiform have the pedicel greater than 1.2 mm long (Fig. 1 D). Flowers: — The flowers in Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae are similar to the flowers of the rest of Coccoloba species, the floral characters are not taxonomically informative for delimiting the species. They are usually very small flowers 2 – 3 mm long, creamy-yellow or greenish, with aestivation quincuncial, the 5 tepals are arranged in two alternate whorls, 3 outer tepals and 2 inner ones, outer tepals are coriaceous, some species have indumentum (e. g. C. efigeniana, C. mollis, C. hirsuta Standl.), inner tepals are papyraceous and glabrous (Fig. 1 E and F), the stamens varies from 8 to 10, the ovary is ovoid an the style is capitate. The flowers are hermaphrodite, but functionally unisexual, except in C. gigantifolia which is polygamous-dioecious. Functionally male flowers have stamens twice as large as the gynoecium and are arranged in a fascicle of 2 – 4 (+) flowers on the rachis of the inflorescence. Functionally female flowers are solitary along the rachis and have the gynoecium twice as large as the stamens. Bracteoles and ochreolas are two characters associated with flowers, the ochreolas in this section are usually small, 1 – 2.5 mm long, chartaceous, sometimes membranous, glabrous or puberulent-pulverulent and are found surrounding the pedicels of the flowers; while the bracteoles are located under the flowers, surrounding these and the ochreolas, they are small 1 – 2 mm long, cymbiform, puberulent, hirsute or scabrid. Fruits: — In Polygonaceae the fruits have been described as achenes surrounded by the membranous and accrescent tepals. However, in this work we adopt the term “ acrosarcum ”, to describe the fruit in a broad sense to include the achenes surrounded by the succulent hypanthium, a condition present in the Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae. This can vary in shape, from globose, subglobose, ovoid and only C. efigeniana presents a triangular or obpyramidal acrosarcum, these can be glabrous or pilose (Fig. 1 G and I). And the achene or pericarp was described by removing the hypanthium, the achene also varies in shape and at the apex (Fig. 1 H and J). There are ovoid, globose or obpyramidal achenes, with conical, cuspidate or campanulate apices.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFBE4D4A2EE0F09EFA9AF927.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Diversity: — Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae has 17 species that extend from Mexico to South America (Fig. 2). Only two species are distributed beyond this range: Coccoloba proctorii R. A. Howard and C. plumieri Griseb. that are found in Jamaica and both are endemic. Mexico is the country with the highest number of species and endemism, with eight species of which six are endemic. Brazil has three species, one of which is endemic. Fig. 2 shows the diversity and number of endemic species for each country. The review of herbaria and occurrence records of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae species downloaded from GBIF and The Naturalist platforms allowed us to analyze points with higher occurrence. In Fig. 3 A we can see that there are five geographic areas with the highest concentration of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae specimens. In southern Brazil, in the states of Sao Paulo, Mato Grasso and Paraná, the number of specimens varies from 62 to more than 217. The Caatinga is another geographic region of Brazil with high records of specimens, with 31 to 155. On the border between Bolivia and Peru, there is another area with high values of collected specimens, records vary from 31 to 124 specimens. Finally, in Central America, records in this region vary from 31 to 93 specimens. These specimen concentration data are in contrast with the species richness data (Fig. 3 B). Even though the largest number of specimen collections are concentrated in southern South America, all of these collections correspond to a single species (C. mollis). In the northern region of South America, however, there are few specimen records (≤ 31) but there are squares with two species (Fig. 3 B). In contrast, in Central America, the records are less than 100 specimens, but we can find cells with two or three species. On the contrary, in Mexico, even though diversity and endemism are high, the number of records is very low, which indicates that the sampling effort is low compared to countries in Central and South America.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB84D482EE1F51EFE40FE4E.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Coccoloba mollis Casar.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB84D482EE1F51EFE40FE4E.taxon	description	Description: — Trees or shrubs, 2 ‒ 30 m, hermaphroditic, functionally unisexual, or polygamous-dioecious; stem squamose, glabrous or striate; branches solid, lenticelate, glabrous, pulverulent or puberulent; ochrea tubular, some deciduous, glabrous or with indumentum, apex entire, or lacerate. Leaves simple, alternate; petioles up to 5 cm, glabrous or with indumentum, originating from the base or middle part of the ochrea; leaf-blades broadly elliptic, lanceolate, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, membranous or chartaceous, glabrous or with some degree of indumentum, base cordate, attenuate, or asymmetrical, apex rounded, acute, acuminate or long acuminate. Inflorescences racemiform or spiciform, paniculate, monopodial or sympodial with 2 ‒ 4 branched or> 5 branches, pilose, pubescent, puberulent or rarely glabrous; functionally male flowers fasciculate, 2 ‒ 5 flowers per bracteole; functionally female flowers 1 - per bracteole; fruit acrosarcum, obpyramidal, triangular, ovoid, globose or subglobose, pilose or glabrous, achene completely surrounded by the hypanthium or ¾ of its length, globose, subglobose, obpyramidal, ovoid, apex crested, cuspidate, campanulate, conical or mimiform. Species included: — Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae includes 17 species distributed from Mexico to Brazil, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB54D422EE1F6A4FC7DFEFA.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Cantón de Osa, Finca Eloy Cubero, 8 ° 41 ′ 05 ″ N 83 ° 33 ʹ 50 ʺW, 230 m, 8 August 1991, Marín 112 (holotype MO!, isotype CR).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB54D422EE1F6A4FC7DFEFA.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 10 ‒ 20 m; branches puberulent to densely puberulent, striate, squamose. Ochrea tubular, 1.4 – 3.7 cm, densely pubescent to woolly, yellow-brown to dark brown trichomes, breaking irregularly. Leaves simple, alternate, petiole 1.7 – 3 cm × 3 – 7 mm, striated, pubescent, with yellow-brown trichomes, inserted at base of the ochrea. Blade oblong-elliptical to obovate-elliptical (15.4 –) 17 – 25.8 × 9 – 16 (– 19.2) cm, chartaceous, densely hirsutulous abaxially, glabrous to hirsutulous adaxially, with yellow ‒ brown trichomes, margin entire, apex obtuse to slightly acuminate, base cordate, venation brochidodromous, reticulate, primary veins (9 –) 10 – 14 pair, abaxially prominent, pubescent to hirsutulous, with yellow ‒ brown trichomes. Inflorescence spiciform, arranged in a large monodial panicle, branches> 5, main axis elongated, 8 – 18 cm, striate, pulverulent, hirsutulous-pilose, with reddish trichomes; spiciform portion 5 – 10 cm, rachis 1.5 – 3 mm diameter, striate, pulverulent, hirsutulous-pilose, with reddish trichomes; bracteole 0.5 mm, cymbiform, hirsutulous to strigose, pulverulente; ocreola 0.8 – 1.2 mm, bilobulate, chartaceous, hirtellous; pedicels in flower 0.5 – 1 mm, pedicels in fruit 1 – 1.2 mm, thicker, hirsutulous to strigose, pulverulent. Flowers in two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate; flowers functionally male 2 – 3 × fascicle; hypanthium 0.7 – 1 mm long, hirtellous, abruptly narrowed at the articulate with the pedicel; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm; outer tepals strigose, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papyraceous; stamens 8, 1.5 – 2 mm, filaments filiform 1 mm, anthers 0.5 mm; ovary 0.8 mm, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.5 mm; flowers functionally female, solitary, not seen. Fruit acrosarcum, 7.10 – 9.28 × 6.2 – 7.5 mm, obpyramidal, sparcely pilose, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate or flat, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, papyraceous, sparcely pilose, appressed at the apex tuberculate of the achene. Achene 6 – 8 × 5.9 – 6.45 mm, obpyramidal, base truncate or flat, apex tuberculate, conical, prominent, brown, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB54D422EE1F6A4FC7DFEFA.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific name is dedicated to Dr. Efigenia Melo an expert botanist in South American Coccoloba. Phenology: — Flowering from March to July some sporadic blooms in September; they bear fruit from June to October.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB54D422EE1F6A4FC7DFEFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Coccoloba efigeniana is distributed from Costa Rica and Panama to the Guianas in South America (Fig. 5 G), inhabiting tropical forests in an elevation range of 100 – 350 m. Fig. 5 G shows a disjointed distribution of populations. However, further exploration is still needed to find more populations throughout their distribution. Provisional conservation status: — The EOO is 338,255.465 km 2, within the threshold for Least Concern (LC) status under subcriterion B 1, and the AOO is estimated as 52 km 2, which is below the threshold for Endangered (EN) status under subcriterion B 2. There are 28 known occurrences of C. efigeniana representing 10 to 13 subpopulations. Most of the occurrences are located outside of protected natural areas, therefore their populations are threatened by fragmentation and quality, generated by anthropogenic actions such as agriculture, livestock and urban growth. Only 13 occurrences of 4 subpopulations are located within protected natural areas. In Costa Rica, the subpopulation with seven occurrences is located in the Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve; The Panama subpopulation with three occurrences is located in the Narganá Wildlife Area. In Colombia, the subpopulation with two occurrences is located in the Paramillo National Natural Park; and the Venezuela subpopulation with two occurrences is found in the La Paragua Forest Reserve. According to the IUCN methodology (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), if the EOO threshold is lower than the AOO threshold, the EOO should be set equal to the AOO to ensure consistency with the definition of AOO as an area within the EOO. Therefore, C. efigeniana is assigned a preliminary status of Endangered [EN B 2 ab (iii)].	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB54D422EE1F6A4FC7DFEFA.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — In the review of C. mollis for South America, Howard (1960 b) noted that specimens from French and Dutch Guiana have a different appearance in leaf texture and pubescence color. In addition, the petioles and branches of the inflorescence tend to be longer. He also mentioned that the plants from this area may represent a geographic race, or perhaps even a distinct species. Now that we have observed additional fertile material from this geographic area, we can assure that this is indeed not C. mollis, and is indeed a new species as Howard suggested, and corresponds to C. efigeniana, which is recognized by the triangular or obpyramidal fruits. Specimens examined: — COLOMBIA. Antioquía: Mutatá, Corregimiento Pavarandó, 23 June 1979, Fonnegra et al. 1305 (MO); Río Anorí valley near Planta Prividencia, 07 ° 30 ’ N, 074 ° 50 ’ W, 350 – 600 m, 1 July 1976, Shepherd 470 (MO); Córdoba: junction of Río Tigre and Río Manso, Paramillo National Park, 07 ° 30 ’ N, 076 ° 05 ’ W, 200 m, 26 July 1986, Gentry & Cuadros 63803, 63748 (MO). COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Osa, R. F. Golfo Dulce, península de Osa, entre Quebrada Banegas y Rancho Quemado, 8 ° 41 ʹ 00 ʺN 8 ° 32 ʹ 30 ʺW, 100 ‒ 200 m, 14 July 1998, Aguilar 5457 (MO, INB); Cantón de Osa, R. F. Golfo Dulce, península de Osa (cuello de la península), Los Mongos, 8 km de Chacarita, 8 ° 45 ʹ 38 ʺN 83 ° 17 ʹ 45 ʺW, 250 m, 14 November 1933, Hammel et al., 19117 (MO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena Woods, 8 ° 28 ʹN 83 ° 35 ʹW, 50 m, 2 July 1989, Kernan 1208 (MO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Pavo Forest, poorly drained lowland, 8 ° 27 ʹ 30 ʺN 83 ° 33 ʹ 38 ʺW, 100 m, 14 July 1988, Kernan 700 (MO). FRENCH GUIANA. Pisté de Saint-Elié 5 ° 19 ʹN 53 ° 02 ʹW, 18 March 1984, Foresta H. de 550 (US); Godebert wachenheim legit, 13 July 1921, collector unknown; entre 2 et 3 km á I´Est de la Crique Sparouine: plateu Bastin, 5 ° 15 ʹ 50 ʺN 54 ° 13 ʹ 40 ʺW, 140 m, 23 September 2003, Bardenave et al. 7294 (US). PANAMA. Colón: Santa Rita Ridge, 1 March 1971, Croat 13866 (MO). Panamá: along newly cut road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, 12 mi. above Pan-Am hwy, 200 to 500 m, 13 March 1973, Croat 22887 (BM, MEXU); 10 km above Pan-Am highway on road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, Elev. 150 to 350 m, 23 March 1973, Kennedy & Dressler 2947 (MO). San Blas: comarca de San Blas, El Llano-Cartí Rd. km 19.1, 9 ° 19 ʹN 78 ° 55 ʹW, 350 m, 11 February 1985, de Nevers & Cavagnaro 4805 (MO); Comarca de San Blas, vecindad del río Nargandi, tierra firme de Norgana caminando hacia la costa, 09 ° 26 ʹN 78 ° 35 ʹW, 11 August 1994, Herrera et al. 1750 (MEXU, MO); comarca de San Blas, El Llano-Cartí rd. km 19.1, 9 ° 19 ʹN 78 ° 55 ʹW, 350 m, 11 February 1985, de Nevers & Cavagnaro 4810 (MO); along newly cut road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, Continental divide to 1 mi from dive, 300 – 500 m, 30 March 1973, Liesner 1313 (BM, MEXU, MO); comarca de San Blas, El Lano-Carti road, 13.8 km to 19 km from interamerican hwy. 9 ° 19 ʹN 78 ° 55 ʹW, 350 m, 3 September 1984, de Nevers & Porras 3818 (MO); comarca de San Blas, El Lano-Carti road, 13.8 km to 19 km from interamerican hwy. 9 ° 19 ʹN 78 ° 55 ʹW, 350 m, 1 July 1985, de Nevers 5945 (MO). SURINAME. Para: Kennedyweg km 42, asentamiento Aucaner, 10 – 20 m, 3 June 2006, Andel et al. 5316 (L, U); Utrecht (Holland), 05 ° 27 ’ 36 ” N, 055 ° 12 ’ 36 ” W, 30 January 1923, Stahel 66 (MO); Zanderij, 16 December 1916, B. W. 2528 (US). Zanderij I. Bradilifi, 05 ° 27 ’ 36 ” N, 055 ° 12 ’ 36 ” W, Stahel 189 (MO, US). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Río Coroní Valley, Guayana, 400 m, November 1947, Cardona 2207 (US); Alto Rio Paragua, Cardona 1183 (NY, US); Río Coroní Valley, Guayana, 400 m, November 1947, Cardona 2209 (US). Miranda: Dto. Paéz; carretera San Juan-Montevideo, 10 ° 04 ’ N, 065 ° 45 ’ W, 450 m, González & Ortega 1384 (MO); cerros del Bachiller, near east end, virgin evergreen forest, between base and summit, above Quebrada Corozal, south of Santa Cruz, 10 km (by air) west of Cúpira, 10 ° 09 ’ N, 065 ° 48 ’ W, 200 m, 20 March – 26 March 1978, Steyermark & Davidse 116928 (MO); Yaracuy: selva nublada virgen en la fila de la cumbre, El Amparo hacia Candelaria, a 7 km al norte de Salom, 1220 m, 17 June – 19 June 1972, Steyermark 106289 (MO); Dto. Nirgua. Picacho de Nirgua, 1350 m, 8 July 1978, Benítez de Rojas 2357 (MO); Distrito Nirgua, selva nublada húmeda, El Amparo, 10 – 11 km al norte de Salom, 10 ° 13 ’ N, 068 ° 29 ’ W, 1200 m, Steyermark et al. 114128 (MO).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB04D402EE1F35CFD45FE4E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Rondônia: Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Serra da Onça, 2 km from the residential village, 09 º 01 ’ S, 63 º 02 ’ W, 05 September 2008, Cid Ferreira et al. 11211 (holotype INPA! [photo]).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB04D402EE1F35CFD45FE4E.taxon	description	Description: — Trees polygamous-dioecious, 10 ‒ 15 m tall; branches, glabrous or sparsely pubescent to abundantly pubescent when young, greyish, lenticelated; ochrea 5 – 10 cm long, persistent at base, coriaceous, pubescent ferruginous, apex with acuminate edge, scariose and deciduous. Leaves simple, spiral; petiole 5 – 10 cm long, 1 – 2 cm diameter, smooth, older leaves are completely glabrous or puberulous, inserted at base of the ochrea; leaf blade elliptic, 0.6 – 2.5 m long, 0.5 – 1.4 m wide, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, discolor, pubescent-glabrescent, both surfaces with ferruginous trichomes, in the abaxial one, concentrated in the veins when young, apex acute or acuminate, base obtuse, subcordate, subtruncate, entire margin, undulate, brochidodromous venation, 16 – 45 pairs, abaxially prominent. Inflorescence spiciform, arranged in a large monopodial panicle, branches> 20, main axis elongated, 40 – 80 cm long, 2.5 cm diameter, ribbed, pubescent or puberulent, glabrescent; spiciform portion 10 – 15 cm long, rachis ribbed, striate, 2.5 mm diameter, pubescent or puberulent, glabrescent; bracteole 0.2 – 0.5 mm long, triangular or cymbiform, coriaceous, puberulent or pubescent; ochreola 0.5 – 10 mm long, campanulate, membranaceous, puberulent or pubescent with bilobed edge, persistent and lacerated after fruit maturation; pedicels in flower 0.5 mm long, pedicels in fruit 0.5 mm long, thicker, hirsutulous to strigose, pulverulent. Flowers in two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate; flowers functionally male solitary; hypanthium 0.7 – 1 mm long, campanulate, puberulent; outer tepals glabrous or puberulent, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papyraceous; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm long; stamens 7 – 8, 1.5 – 2 mm long, filaments filiform 1 – 1.5 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; vestigial pistil; flowers functionally female solitary; hypanthium 0.7 – 1 mm long, campanulate, puberulent; outer tepals glabrous or puberulent, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papyraceous; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm long; stamens 7 – 8, reduced, ovary ovoid, style 3, glabrous, stigmas capitate papillose. Fruit acrosarcum, 5 – 8 mm long, 5 – 7 mm diameter, globose, subglobose, pubescent or puberulent, red, vinaceous or purple when mature, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate or flat, not abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, glabrous, succulent, appressed at the apex tuberculate of the achene. Achene 5 – 8 mm long, 5 – 7 mm diameter, globose-subglobose, base truncate or flat, apex tuberculate, conical, prominent, brown, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB04D402EE1F35CFD45FE4E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet C. gigantifolia refers to the extremely large leaves. Phenology: — Cultivated trees in Manaus bloomed from March to June and exhibited mature fruits in September.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB04D402EE1F35CFD45FE4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Coccoloba gigantifolia is endemic to the Madeira River basin. So far, individuals have been recorded in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia (Fig. 6 F). Individuals have been collected in the wild only in the middle (Jamari and Samuel) and lower (Autazes and Borba) stretches of the Madeira River basin. Coccoloba gigantifolia grows in open, ombrophylous forests, secondary forests, and in early successional stages (capoeira, in Portuguese), in elevation of 20 – 100 m, in areas of flat relief, on sandy or clayey, humid soils. Provisional conservation status: — Melo et al. (2019) suggested that the species be classified as “ Endangered ”, which includes taxa at high risk of extinction in the wild according to the IUCN criteria established in the Red Book of Flora of Brazil (Martinelli & Moraes 2013), since it is very likely that the small and possibly disjunct wild populations of C. gigantifolia will be severely threatened in the near future by fires and deforestation caused by the advance of agriculture and road infrastructure.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB04D402EE1F35CFD45FE4E.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Coccoloba gigantifolia is an exceptional case within the Polygonaceae, even within the dicotyledons, because its leaves reach dimensions of 0.6 – 2.5 m long, 0.5 – 1.4 m wide. Given the dimensions of the mature leaves 1.50 – 2.5 m (Fig. 5), the available herbarium specimens only consist of inflorescences. It is also important to mention that all fertile materials deposited at INPA Herbarium from 2008 to present come from the individuals cultivated in Manaus, which originated from seeds of an individual of the Jamari River region. The leaves were dried and preserved in wooden frames protected with glass for public display at the INPA and other institutions. The original morphological descriptions were based mainly on specimens grown in the INPA gardens plus photographs of the specimens in their natural habitat. Flowers and fruits were collected and fixed in liquid substances to preserve them and to obtain morphometric measurements. Given the absence of digitized herbarium specimens for this treatment, we used available photographs on the WEB (Creative Commons Licenses), plus the publication of the protologue, as well as the only digitized specimen in the CEN herbarium. Currently, only four localities with living populations of Coccoloba gigantifolia, cited in the protologue, are known, they were used then, to make the distribution map of the species and are the same ones used in this contribution for the same purpose. Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Rondônia: Porto Velho, presa hidroeléctrica Jirau, BR- 364, 09 º 15 ’ S, 64 º 21 ’ W, 28 Mar. 2011, (fl.), MF Simon et al. 1237 (CEN).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB24D5E2EE1F000FBE9FE4E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — HONDURAS. Atlántida: Lancetilla Valley near Tela, alt. about 400 m, 20 January 1928, Standley 54802 (holotype F!, isotype US!). Epitype (here designated): — Honduras: Atlántida: Lancetilla Valley near Tela, alt. 20 to 600 m, 06 December 1927 – 20 March 1928, Standley 53555 (US!, barcode US 0326638).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB24D5E2EE1F000FBE9FE4E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BELIZE. District of Toledo: near San Antonio, in high ride near base of hill, 19 November 1945, Gentle 5427 (holotype LL!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB24D5E2EE1F000FBE9FE4E.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 10 – 20 m tall; branch densely hirtellous when young with yellow or dark brown trichomes. Ochrea 1 – 2 cm long, densely hirtellous with dark brown hairs, breaking irregularly. Leaves simple, alternate; petioles 2 – 3.5 cm long, 3 – 8 mm diameter, striate, densely hirtellous with brown trichomes, arising at the bases of the ochrea; leaf blades 15 – 25.5 (– 28.3) long, 9 – 13 cm wide, oblong – elliptical to obovateelliptic, chartaceous, rough, adaxial surface sparsely puberulent to hirtellous with brown trichomes mainly on veins, abaxial surface densely hirtellous, margin entire or revolute, apex obtuse slightly acuminate, base cordate; venation brochidodromous, reticulate, prominent, primary veins 8 – 11 pairs, prominent. Inflorescence spiciform, arranged in a large sympodial panicle, branches> 5, rarely 3 branches, main axis reduced, 2 – 5 cm long, striate, pulverulent; spiciform portion 10 – 18 cm long, rachis 1.5 – 3 mm diameter, striate, pulverulent; bracteole absent; ochreola 0.5 mm long, cylindrical, membranous, pulverulent, rounded at the apex; pedicel in flower 0.5 mm long, pedicel in fruit 0.5 – 1.5 mm. Flowers not seen. Fruit acrosarcum 9.8 – 10.3 mm long, 8.8 – 9.1 mm diameter, globose to ovoid, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse, base rounded; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, papyraceous, appressed at the apex conical of the achene; achene 6 – 8 mm long, 5.9 – 6.45 mm diameter, globose to ovoid, base rounded, apex cuspidate, conical, prominent, brown, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB24D5E2EE1F000FBE9FE4E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet of this species refers to the hirsutulous indumentation of the leaf, petiole and ochrea. Phenology: — Coccoloba hirsuta flowers in August and produces fruits from November to December.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB24D5E2EE1F000FBE9FE4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — This species is distributed in Guatemala and Belize (Fig. 7 G), in high and low deciduous forests, in an elevation range of 30 – 350 m. Provisional conservation status: — Given the extremely narrow geographic distribution (AOO = 20 km 2) and the small number of occurrences (five). In addition, three of the occurrences are located in areas highly fragmented by urban growth and agriculture; while the remaining two occurrences are located within the “ Jardin Botánico de Lancetilla ” conservation area. Therefore, under the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), we propose a preliminary IUCN Red List Assessment of Vulnerable [VU D 2]. Any future documentation of negative population trends, increased threats, or lapses in appropriate fire management that would degrade habit quality would likely change the assessment toward Endangered under the B criteria.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFB24D5E2EE1F000FBE9FE4E.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Coccoloba hirsuta was described from juvenile leaves, which has caused much confusion in taxonomic placement, it was placed as a synonym of C. belizensis by Howard (1959 a). He stated that juvenile leaves of C. belizensis are hirtellous, with yellowish trichomes. However, the examination of more specimens in this work allowed us to recognize that juvenile leaves of C. belizensis are ovate to elliptic, glabrous and corrugated, while the leaves of the holotype of C. hirsuta are oblong-elliptical to obovate-elliptic, hirtellous, with yellowish trichomes, thus ruling out in the present work the name C. hirsuta as a synonym of C. belizensis. On the other hand, we also observed juvenile specimens of C. hirtella and they are morphologically more similar to the holotype of C. hirsuta, the yellowish hirtellous trichomes observed on juvenile leaves of C. hirtella and on the holotype of C. hirsuta are still present even on mature leaves. In this work, under the principle of priority of the nomenclature code for algae, fungi and plants, we consider the name C. hirtella a synonym of C. hirsuta. Howard (1992) cited under the name of C. hirtella specimens from Panama and Veracruz, Mexico that currently correspond to C. efigeniana and C. ibarrae respectively. Considering that C. hirsuta is based on the description of a juvenile specimen and in order to avoid confusion in the correct application of the name, here we propose specimen Standley 53555 as an epitype for the name C. hirsuta. Specimens examined: — BELIZE. Toledo: near San Antonio, in high ride near base of hill, 19 November 1945, Gentle 5427 (MO, isotype). GUATEMALA. Izabal: Puerto Méndez, on new Izabal Road, 19 August 1969, Contreras 8981 (MO). Peten: Los Arcos, km 146 of Cadenas Road, Sacoyon, 20 December. 1969, Contreras 9416 (MO). HONDURAS. Atlántida: Jardín Botánico de Lancetilla, 3 km al S de Tela, 100 – 150 m, 8 June 1985, Téllez & E. Martínez 8803 (MO). Lancetilla Valley, 29 July 1951, Howard et al. 451 (BM).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAC4D5C2EE1F000FAD5FC46.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MEXICO. Oaxaca: San Felipe Usila, Cerro verde 7 km al NNE de San Felipe Usila, 17 ° 56 ′ N, 96 ° 30 ′ W, 1050 m. 30 September 1992, Ibarra et al. 3719 (holotype MEXU!; isotype MO!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAC4D5C2EE1F000FAD5FC46.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 10 – 25 m tall; branches glabrous, striate; ochrea 1 – 1.5 cm long, chartaceous, cylindrical, glabrous to scabrid, with brown dark trichomes. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole 2.5 – 3.5 long, 4 – 7 mm thick, striated, scabrid to puberulent, with brown dark trichomes, inserted at base of the ochrea; leaf blade oblong-elliptical to obovate-elliptical, 20 – 31 (– 35) long, 14 ‒ 21 (– 25) cm wide, coriaceous to chartaceous, abaxially scabrid, adaxially glabrous, margin entire, apex acute to slightly rounded, base cordate; venation brochidodromous and reticulate, prominent, scabrid, (9 ‒) 10 ‒ 14 pairs of primary nerves. Inflorescence racemiform, arranged in a large sympodial panicle, branches 5 – 8, main axis reduced, 2 – 5 cm long, striate, pilose to sparsely scabrid; spiciform portion 11 – 22 cm long, rachis 1.5 – 3 mm diameter, raquis striated, pilose to sparsely scabrid; bracteole cymbiform, 0.8 – 1 mm, pilose; ochreola 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, membranaceous, glabrous to pilose-scabrid, runded in the apex, yellowish; pedicel in flower 0.5 – 1.0 mm long; pedicel in fruit 2.5 – 3.5 mm. Flowers in two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate, outer tepals coriaceous, pilose or with a line of hairs in the middle vein, with golden-reddish trichomes; inner tepals papyraceous, glabrous; flowers functionally male 2 – 3 (– 5) × fascicle, 1.5 – 2 mm long; hypanthium 0.7 – 1 mm long, hirtellous-pilose, turbinate; tepals 1 – 1.2 mm long; stamens 10, 1.5 – 2 mm long, filaments filiform 1 mm long, anthers 0.3 – 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.5 mm long; flowers functionally female solitary, 1.5 – 2 mm long, hypanthium 0.8 – 1 mm long, hirtellous-pilose, campaniform; tepals 1 – 1.2 mm long; stamens 10, 1.5 mm long, filaments filiform 1 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 – 2 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.8 – 1 mm long. Fruit acrosarcum, 13 – 13.75 mm long, 8.6 – 9.4 mm diameter, ovoid to prolate, with prominent ribs, apex obtuse to acute, base rounded, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel, glabrous; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, appressed at the apex tuberculate of the achene; achene 10.5 – 11.6 mm long, 8 – 8.7 mm diameter, globose, base rounded, apex tuberculate, pyramidal, prominent, black, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAC4D5C2EE1F000FAD5FC46.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet is dedicated to Dr. Guillermo Ibarra Manríquez, collector of the type specimen, and for his dedication to the study of the tropical forests of Veracruz, where the new species is distributed. Phenology: — Flowers from December to May; fruits from April to December.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAC4D5C2EE1F000FAD5FC46.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Coccoloba ibarrae is endemic to Mexico. This species is distributed in the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz (Fig. 8 G). This species inhabits highland rainforest and montane cloud forest at elevations of 1,100 to 1,500 m. Provisional conservation status: — The EOO is 8,380.16 km 2, within the threshold for Vulnerable (VU) status under subcriterion B 1, and the AOO is estimated as 36 km 2, which is below the threshold for Endangered (EN) status under subcriterion B 2. Coccoloba ibarrae is an endemic species of cloud forests, with 15 known occurrences and four subpopulations. All occurrences are recorded outside protected natural areas. However, occurrences are located in conserved areas, but this does not indicate that in the future they will be severely fragmented, mainly by coffee cultivation in the municipalities of Cordoba and Orizaba, Veracruz. According to the IUCN methodology (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), if the EOO threshold is lower than the AOO threshold, the EOO should be set equal to the AOO to ensure consistency with the definition of AOO as an area within the EOO. Therefore, C. ibarrae is assigned a preliminary status of Endangered [EN B 2 ab (iii)].	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAC4D5C2EE1F000FAD5FC46.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Coccoloba ibarrae is similar to C. belizensis, but C. belizensis inhabits the humid forests of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Quintana Roo (Mexico), while C. ibarrae is endemic to the cloud forests of Veracruz and Oaxaca. In addition, C. belizensis has abaxially glabrous, corrugated blades and no prominent veins, while C. ibarrae has abaxially scabrid, non-corrugated blades and prominent veins. Specimens examined: — MEXICO, Oaxaca: San Pedro Teutila, El Faro, región La Cañada, 96 ° 39 ʹ 8 ʺN 14 ° 59 ʹ 10.4 ʺW, 1463 m, 14 January 2005, Espinosa & Juárez G. 2293 (MEXU); Valle Nacional, 3 km al SW de Cerro Mirador, camino a San Juan Palantla, 17 ° 53 ʹN 96 ° 22 ʹW, 1200 m, 29 April 1993, Ibarra et al. 3850 (MEXU); Valle Nacional, cerro Mirador 15 km NNW de Valle Nacional, 17 ° 93 ʹN 96 ° 22 ʹW, 1200 m, 16 October 1992, Meave et al. 1535 (MEXU); Valle Nacional, cerro Mirador, 15 km NNW de Valle Nacional, 17 ° 53 ʹN 96 ° 22 ʹW, 1200 m, 27 April 1993, Ibarra et al. 3008 (MEXU). Veracruz: Tenochtitlán, 2 km en línea recta al SE de Tenochtitlán faldas del cerro Gigante o Cipresal, 19 ° 47 ʹ 99 ʺN 96 ° 54 ʹ 00 ʺW, 1200 m, 06 November 2000, Rincón & Durán 2158 (MEXU); Tenochtitlan, Colorado, camino de terracería, Misantla-Tenochtitlan, 920 m, 27 April 1976, Hernández 190 (MEXU, NY); Yacuatla, 1 km al sur de Progreso de Juárez, dirección Barranca de Maíz, 19 ° 48 ʹN 96 ° 48 ʹW, 1200, 15 January 1990, Gutiérrez-Báez 3807 (MEXU; XAL); Yacuatla, entre Nueva Reforma y El Cedral, 19 ° 50 ʹN 96 ° 46 ʹW, 1000 m, 06 March 1990, Gutiérrez-Báez 3946 (MEXU); Ixtaczoquitlán, cerro Buena Vista, 18 ° 53 ʹ 40 ʺN 97 ° 21 ʹ 5 ʺW, 1230 m, 27 September 1995, Juárez 750 (MEXU; XAL); Chiconquiaco, Arroyo Colorado, 19 ° 48 ʹN 96 ° 47 ʹW, 1300 m, 06 March 1990, Gutiérrez-Báez 3940 (MEXU); Atoyac, Miraflores 9 km al NW de Atoyac, 18 ° 57 ʹN 96 ° 49 ʹW, 1000, 18 May 1985, Acevedo & Acosta 172 (MEXU, XAL); Juchique de Ferrer, La Cima, Plan de Hayas, 1500 m, 26 June 1976, Hernández 1606 (MEXU); Juchique de Ferrer, Cerro de la Botella, 19 ° 46 ′ 09.4 ″ N 96 ° 41 ʹ 36.8 ʺW, 847 m, 24 July 2008, Vázquez MVT 8643 (MEXU, UV); Santa Ana Atzacan al N de Orizaba, 51 - B- 2, 1300 m, 03 December 1967, Rosas 888 (MEXU); Carta Blanca, entre Orizaba y Córdoba (Tajitos), 1020 m, 28 May 1967, Rosas 397 (MEXU); Coatepec, en el km 6 (en Zoncuantla) carretera vieja Jalapa-Coatepec, 19 ° 27 ʹN 96 ° 57 ʹW, 1200 m, 7 March 1978, Calzada 4263 (MEXU); Coatepec, en Zoncuantla, 4 December 1975, Jiménez 107 (MEXU, XAL); La Mina, Las Minas hacia Molinillo, 19 ° 42 ʹN 97 ° 08 ʹW, 1300 m, 25 May 1989, Durán & J. Becerra 802 (MEXU, XAL).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAE4D5A2EE1F608FDE2FCAE.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MEXICO. Jalisco: Casimiro, Castillo, Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra de Manantlán, 2 km al sureste de Casimiro Castillo, 19 ° 35 ʹ 16 ʺN, 104 ° 24 ʹ 48 ʺW, 800 m. 23 September 1993, Santana & Benz 6634 (holotype MEXU!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAE4D5A2EE1F608FDE2FCAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Coccoloba knappiana is morphologically similar to C. matudae, distinguished by the shape of the blade narrow elliptic to elliptic (vs elliptic or broadly elliptic); inflorescence spiciform, pedicel in fruit 0.5 – 0.8 mm long (vs inflorescence racemiform, pedicel 3 – 4 mm); acrosarcum 6 – 7 × 5 – 6 mm (vs 9.5 – 10.5 × 6.5 – 7.7); achene globose, 6 × 6 mm (vs ovoid, 7.3 – 7.7 × 6.4 – 7 mm).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAE4D5A2EE1F608FDE2FCAE.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 8 – 15 m tall; branches striate, glabrous, brown to greyish, lenticelated or sparsely punctiform; ochrea 4 – 7 mm long, cylindrical, glabrous, membranaceous, brown, apex lacerated. Leaves simple, alternate; petioles 10 – 18 mm long x 0.5 – 1.78 mm diameter, striate, glabrous, brown, arising at the base of the ochrea; leaf blades 10 – 18 cm long, 3 – 5.5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous on both surface, margin entire to slightly undulate, apex acute, base rounded to truncate sometimes slightly decurrent on petiole; venation brochidodromous, reticulate, prominent, primary veins 8 – 12 pairs, prominent. Inflorescence spiciform, arranged in a small sympodial panicle, branches 2 – 3, main axis reduced, 1.5 – 2 cm long, striate, glabrous; spiciform portion 11 – 27 cm long, rachis 0.5 – 0.8 mm diameter, raquis estriated, glabrous to puberulent; bracteole 0.4 – 0.8 mm long, cymbiform, glabrous to puberulent, pulverulent; ochreola 0.4 – 0.8 mm long, cylindrical, membranous, pulverulent, apex rounded, lacerate; pedicels 0.4 in flowers, 0.5 – 0.8 mm long in fruit, thicker. Flowers in two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate; flowers functionally male 2 × fascicle, only flower buds were found; flowers functionally female solitary, hypanthium 08 – 1 mm long, glabrous, campanulate, not abruptly narrowed at the pedicel; outer tepals glabrous, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papyraceous; tepals 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamens 8, 2.5 mm long, filaments filiform 2 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; ovary 1 mm long, ovoid, glabrous, style 3, 1 mm long. Fruit acrosarcum, 6 – 7.5 × 5 – 6 mm, ovoid to subglobose, obtuse apex, truncated base, contracted at junction with pedicel, brown, glabrous; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, appressed at the apex slightly tuberculate of the achene; achene 6 mm long, 6 mm diameter, globose, base rounded, apex tuberculate, depressed – galeate, slightly prominent.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAE4D5A2EE1F608FDE2FCAE.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific name is dedicated to Dr. Sandra Diane Knapp, research botanist at the Natural History Museum London and editor of Flora Mesoamericana who has developed the treatment of various genera of Polygonaceae for this flora. Phenology: — Flowers from July to August; and fruits from August to September.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAE4D5A2EE1F608FDE2FCAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — This species in endemic to Jalisco, Mexico (Fig. 9 G). The specimens collected so far are restricted to the dry forests of the Casimiro Castillo municipality, in the “ Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra de Manantlán ”, at elevation from 600 to 1000 m. Provisional conservation status: — Given the extremely narrow geographic distribution (AOO = 12 km 2) and the small number of occurrences (four). In addition, the four occurrences are located within the Sierra de Manantlán protected natural area. Therefore, under the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), we propose a preliminary IUCN Red List Assessment of Vulnerable [VU D 2]. Any future documentation of negative population trends, increased threats, or lapses in appropriate fire management that would degrade habit quality would likely change the assessment toward Endangered under the B criteria. Specimens examined: — MEXICO, Jalisco: Casimiro Castillo, 2 km al SE de Casimiro Castillo, 19 ° 35 ʹ 16 ʺN, 104 ° 24 ʹ 48 ʺW, elev. 750 m, 3 August 1993, Santana & Benz 6367 (MEXU); Casimiro Castillo, Arroyo La Calera, 7 km al NNE de C. Castillo, 19 ° 40 ʹ 16 ʺN, 104 ° 25 ʹ 04 ʺW, elev. 800 – 1000 m, 14 July 1988, Cuevas & Núñez 3067 (MEXU); Casimiro Castillo, La Calera, 16 km al SE de Autlán, 19 ° 38 ʹ 37 ʺN, 104 ° 22 ʹ 07 ʺW, elev. 600 – 800 m, 17 August 1988, Guzmán & Santana 301 (MEXU).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA84D582EE1F160FCDBFD92.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — PANAMA. Panamá: Río Pacora, 3 September 1940, Bartlett & Lasser 16946 (holotype MICH; isotype MO!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA84D582EE1F160FCDBFD92.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 7 – 12 m tall; branch striate, glabrous, brown to greyish, sparsely punctiform; ochrea 8 – 10 mm long, striate. Leaves simple, alternate; petioles 5 – 8 mm long, 1.5 – 8 mm diameter, striate, glabrous to pulverulent, brown, arising near or above the base of the ochrea; leaf blades 13 – 19 (– 32) cm long, 8 – 10.5 (– 22) cm wide, obovate to oblanceolate – obovate, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous, margin entire to slightly undulate, apex rounded to slightly acute, base rounded to obtuse; venation brochidodromous, reticulate prominent, primary veins 8 – 12 pairs, prominent. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal, arranged in a small sympodial panicle, branches 3 – 4 (5), main axis reduced, 1.5 – 2 cm long; spiciform portion 20 – 35 cm long; glabrous to pulverulent; rachis 1 – 2 mm diameter, striate, pulverulent; bracteole and ochreola tiny or absent, membranous, pulverulent; pedicels 1 – 1.5 mm long in flowers, 1 – 1.5 in fruit, thicker. Flowers in two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate; flowers functionally male 6 – 8 × fascicle; hypanthium 1 – 1.2 mm long, glabrous, turbinate, abruptly narrowed at the pedicel; outer tepals glabrous, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papyraceous; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm long; stamens 7, 2.5 mm long, filaments filiform 2 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.5 mm long; flowers functionally female not seen. Fruit acrosarcum, 6.5 – 8.1 mm long, 6 – 6.8 mm diameter, subglobose, apex obtuse, base rounded, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel, dark brown to black, glabrous; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, appressed at the apex mammiform of the achene; achene 5 – 6.4 mm long, 5.4 – 6.4 mm diameter, globose, base rounded, apex tuberculate, mammiform, slightly prominent, brown, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA84D582EE1F160FCDBFD92.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet is dedicated to Tobias Lasser, collector of the type specimen. Phenology: — Flowers from June to September; and fruits from July to December.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA84D582EE1F160FCDBFD92.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — This species is endemic to Panama (Fig. 10 G), inhabits humid areas, riverbanks, bordering mangroves and savannahs; at elevations from 0 to 300 m. Provisional conservation status: — The EOO is 13,157.74 km 2, within the threshold for Vulnerable (VU) status under subcriterion B 1, and the AOO is estimated as 76 km 2, which is below the threshold for Endangered (EN) status under subcriterion B 2. There are 26 known occurrences of C. lasseri representing six to nine subpopulations. All occurrences are located outside of protected natural areas, most occurrences are located in or surrounded by vegetation severely fragmented by anthropogenic actions such as agriculture, livestock farming and urban growth. According to the IUCN methodology (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), if the EOO threshold is lower than the AOO threshold, the EOO should be set equal to the AOO to ensure consistency with the definition of AOO as an area within the EOO. Therefore, C. lasseri is assigned a preliminary status of Endangered [EN B 2 ab (iii)]. Specimens examined: — PANAMA. Canal Zone: Road beyond Fort Kobbe, near Indio Beach, 30 m, 12 July 1976, Sullivan 246 (MO). Coclé: between Penonomé and Coclé, 20, July 1959, Stern et al. 989 (MO); Penonomé, 60 m, 26 August 1971, Lao 297 (MO); Aguadulce, vicinity Aguadulce, 3 January 1971, McDaniel & Cooke 14804 (MO); Penonomé-SICAP Nursery, 19 August 1961, Dwyer 1677 (MO), Río Teta and ca Inter Amer hwy, 8 December 1965, Blum & Tyson 1871 (MO); Anton, 4 September 1965, Dwyer 2900 (MO). Los Santos: Monagr-Los Santos, 11 October 1974, Gómez 31 (MO); 1 – 2 miles west of Candelaria, 14 July 1967, Duke 12440 (MO). Panamá: Rio Teta, east of San Carlos, where it passes under Highway 1, 27 July 1970, Luteyn 1566 (MO), Beach Nueva Góngora, 11 October 1978, D’Arcy 12263 (MO); La Ermita San Carlos, 9 December 1972, Bernal 40 (MO); Farfan Beach Road, 3 August 1967, Kirkbride & Elias 68 (MO); Along road between Balboa and Chamé, 2 December 1934, Dodge et al. 16732 (MO). Veraguas: Rio Santa María along road to Santiago, 5 km S of Santa Fé, 18 November 1973, Nee 8108 (MO), 2 km NW of Atalaya, 100 m, 19 November 1973, Nee 8226 (MO).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAA4D562EE1F064FC48FAAD.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated by Howard 1960 a as “ holotype ”, here corrected to lectotype according to the Art. 9.10 of ICN): — Contreés méridionales de l’America, Poiret s. n. (P! Barcode P 00734651 [photo]). Epitype (here designated): — British Guyana [Guyana]: 1844, Schomburgk, s. n. (K!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAA4D562EE1F064FC48FAAD.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 5 ‒ 12 m tall; branches glabrous, striate, exfoliating, lenticels elliptic, brown or blackish; ochrea 4 – 5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, edge obtuse-truncated, base persistent. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole 1 – 2 cm long, 5 – 10 mm diameter, glabrous, articulated at the base or above the base of the ocrea; leaf blade obovate-rounded, 10 – 22 × 10 – 22 cm, apex obtuse or emarginate, base subcordate, subpeltate, margin revolute, coriaceous, corrugate, adaxial surface glabrous, veins immersed, abaxial surface glabrous or rarely puberulent, venation brochidodromous, prominent, 6 – 10 pairs of lateral veins, conspicuous tertiary venation on both surfaces, reticulate, primary veins (9 –) 10 – 14 pair, prominent, glabrous. Inflorescence racemiform, arranged in a sympodial panicle, main axis reduced, 2 – 5 cm long, 1.5 – 2.3 mm diameter, ribbed, glabrous; racemiform portion 7 – 15 cm long, rachis ribbed, striate, glabrous or puberulent, 1.3 mm diameter; bracteole 0.5 mm long, cymbiform, glabrous; ochreola 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, tubular, lacerate, membranaceous, glabrous-puberulent; pedicels in flower buds 1 – 2 mm long, pedicels in fruit 2 – 5 mm long, thicker, glabrous. Flowers not seen, specimens only have flower buds; staminate inflorescences 2 – 3 fasciculate flowers; pistillate inflorescences 1 solitary flower. Fruit acrosarcum, 6 – 8.6 mm long, 6 – 7.5 mm diameter, ovoid-suglobose, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate or flat, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, glabrous, succulent, appressed at the apex tuberculate of the achene; achene 6 – 7 mm long, 6 – 6.5 mm diameter, globose-subglobose, base truncate or flat, apex tuberculate, mammiform, prominent, brown, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAA4D562EE1F064FC48FAAD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ latifolia ” refers to the broad or wide shape of the leaf. Phenology: — Flowers from March to May; and fruits from May to September.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAA4D562EE1F064FC48FAAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Coccoloba latifolia is distributed in South America in Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil (Fig. 11 G). It occurs in the Amazon rainforest, in alluvial plain forests, riparian forests, terra firme forests and savannas, on sandy or rocky soils, at elevations of 20 – 480 m. Provisional conservation status: — The EOO is 4,056,407 km 2, within the threshold for Least Concern (LC) status under subcriterion B 1, and the AOO is estimated to be 104 km 2, which is below the threshold for Endangered (EN) status under subcriterion B 2. There are 29 known occurrences of C. latifolia representing 10 to 15 subpopulations. most occurrences are located in or surrounded by vegetation severely fragmented by anthropogenic actions such as agriculture, livestock farming and urban growth. Only 8 occurrences of 5 subpopulations are located within protected natural areas. According to the IUCN methodology (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), if the EOO threshold is lower than the AOO threshold, the EOO should be set equal to the AOO to ensure consistency with the definition of AOO as an area within the EOO. Therefore, C. latifolia is assigned a preliminary status of Endangered [EN B 2 ab (iii)]. Typification of Coccoloba latifolia: — When Lamarck (1804) described C. latifolia, he cited the illustration no. “ 316 fig. 3 ”. In his study of the Coccoloba species from South America, Howard (1960 a) mentioned that he had not seen authentic specimens of C. latifolia and that the illustration cited by Lamarck in the protologue is of a single detached leaf and does not represent the currently accepted species well; we agree with Howard. In the Paris herbarium (P), we located a specimen collected by Jean Louis Marie Poiret, who collaborated with Lamarck on “ Encyclopédie Méthodique: Botanique ”. Between the two elements traced (illustration and P specimen), both part of the original material, we consider the specimen for the lectotypification purpose. Since, Howard (1960 a) reported it as the “ holotype ”, we correct this indication to lectotype according to the Art. 9.10 of ICN. However, we still agree with Howard that this specimen does not represent what is currently known as C. latifolia. This specimen appears to be an immature leaf of the species. For this reason, we propose here the specimen Schomburgk, s. n. as epitype for the name C. latifolia.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFAA4D562EE1F064FC48FAAD.taxon	description	Coccoloba rheifolia Des. is an invalidly published name, placed as a synonym of C. latifolia by Desfontaines himself. In “ Tableau de l’École de Botanique ”, Desfontaines presents a list of the species of plants cultivated in the King’s Garden (Paris, France). The name C. rheifolia appeared labelled on the living plant in this garden, and which Desfontaines corrected in Tableau de l’École de Botanique as a synonym of C. latifolia. Coccoloba brugmanssifolia is another name cited by Lindau (1891) as a synonym of C. latifolia that was not validly published. Lindau observed this plant in the collection of Bello (n. v.), which was called “ Ortegón ” and was collected in the gardens of Puerto Rico. Currently the name “ Ortegón ” is applied to the ornamental species Coccoloba rugosa Des .. The leaves in both species are very similar, they are ovate or broadly ovate, glabrous and corrugated, possibly Bello’s specimen consisted of a single leaf, hence Lindau’s conclusion in placing the name C. brugmanssifolia as a synonym of C. latifolia. Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Amapá: Frequent in rocky capoeira (low scrub), road to Amapa, km 48, 10 July 1962, Pires & Cavalcante 52064 (US); road to Amapa, km 134, Agua Azul, 26 July 1962, Pires & Cavalcante 52277 (US). Ceará: Ceará, 13 April 1918, Curran 36 (GH, US); Pacatuba, Mata na Serra do Sítio do Pitaguarí, 27 July 1979, de Paula & de Mendonça 1225 (US); near Mecejana, elev. 12 m, 28 March 1945, Cutler 8330 (US). Maranhão: Maracassumé River Region. Campo de Boa Esperança, 19 August 1932, Fróes 1817 (US). Pará: vicinity of Belem, September – October 1961, Pires 51850 (US). Tocantins: Tocantinópolis, Município Tocantinópolis: Ribeirão do Corrego, 55 km southwest of Estreito along Belém-Brasília highway (BR 153), 06 ° 49 ʹ 00 ʺS, 47 ° 49 ʹ 00 ʺW, elev. 480 m, 27 February 1980, T. C. Plowman et al. 9260 (US). FRENCH GUIANA. Guyane francaise, Iles du Salut, 1854, Sagot 486 (US). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Indiae occidentalis, in forests at Caroni, Trinidad, October 1883, B. Eggers 1377 (US); Trinidad, British West Indies, Aripo Savanna, 5 March 1920, Britton et al. 316 (US); Trinidad and adjacent islands. British West Indies, along the Arima highway, 9 February – 23 February 1950, Howard 10355 (US); VENEZUELA. Anzoategui: Río Cani, 22 September 1942, Garroni 59 (US). Bolívar: Altiplanicie de Nuria, trail between El Cruzero and pk 101, ESE of Villa Lola, elev. 315 m, 15 July 1960, Steyermark 86342 (US); Raúl Leoni [= Angostura], 86 km E of San Francisco, 07 ° 09 ʹ 00 ʺN, 64 ° 24 ʹ 00 ʺW, elev. 430 m, June 1989, Delgado 225 (US); Delta Amacuro: Serranía Imataca, 1 – 3 km. north of Río Guanamo, El Palmar-Raudal Trail, Upper Rio Toro Drainage, elev. 270 – 400 m, 23 November 1955, Wurdack & Monachino 39724 (US).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA44D542EE1F761FC8DFCF2.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MÉXICO. Chiapas: Sierra Madre, Saxchanal, Sierra Madre, 2700 m, in advanced forest, 1 July 1941, Matuda 4315 (holotype MICH!; isotype A!; MO!; NY!, US!). Epitype (designated by Ortiz-Díaz & Ancona, 2024: 93): — México, Chiapas, municipality La Trinitaria, Laguna Tziscao, Monte Bello National Park, 1380 m, 18 December 1980, D. E. Breedlove 48745 (MEXU!, MO!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA44D542EE1F761FC8DFCF2.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 7 – 12 m tall; branches striate, glabrous, brown to greyish, lenticelated or sparsely punctiform; ochrea 8.0 – 10 mm long, striate. Leaves simple, alternate; petioles (3 –) 5 – 8 mm long, 8 – 10 mm diameter, striate, glabrous, brown, arising near or above the base of the ochrea; leaf blades 15 – 19 × 8 – 10.5 cm, elliptic to broadly elliptic, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous or with a few trichomes beneath mostly in the axils of the main nerve, margin entire to slightly undulate, apex abruptly acute or short acuminate, base rounded to truncate sometimes slightly decurrent on petiole; venation brochidodromous, reticulate, prominent, primary veins 8 – 12 pairs, prominent. Inflorescence racemiform, terminal or subterminal, arranged in a small sympodial panicle, main axis reduced, 2 – 5 cm long, branches 4 – 5, 15 – 30 cm long; glabrous to pulverulent; rachis 1 – 2 mm diameter, striate, pulverulent; bracteole absent; ochreola 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, membranous, pulverulent, apex rounded; pedicels 3 – 4 mm long in fruit. Flowers not seen. Fruit acrosarcum, 9.5 – 10.5 mm long, 6.5 – 7.7 mm diameter, ovoid, with prominent ribs, obtuse apex, truncated base, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel, brown, glabrous; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, appressed at the apex tuberculate of the achene; achene 7.3 – 7.7 mm long, 6.4 – 7 mm diameter, ovoid to subglobose, base rounded, apex tuberculate, depressed – galeate, slightly prominent.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA44D542EE1F761FC8DFCF2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific name is dedicated to Dr. Eizi Matuda, who in life dedicated himself to the study of the flora of Mexico. Phenology: — Flowers from January to July; and fruits from August to November	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA44D542EE1F761FC8DFCF2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — This species in endemic to Chiapas, Mexico (Fig. 12 G), inhabits tropical rain forest and cloud forest; at elevation from 1500 to 2700 m. Provisional conservation status: — Given the extremely narrow geographic distribution (AOO = 20 km 2) and the small number of occurrences (six). Furthermore, the six occurrences are located within the protected natural areas of El Triunfo, La Sepultura and Lagunas de Monte Bello. Under the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), we propose a preliminary IUCN Red List Assessment of Vulnerable [VU D 2]. Any future documentation of negative population trends, increased threats, or lapses in appropriate fire management that would degrade habit quality would likely change the assessment toward Endangered under the B criteria. Specimens examined: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Cintalapa, 1600 m, 3 November 1971, Breedlove 21822 (MEXU); La Trinitaria, Laguna Tziscao, Monte Bello National Park, 1380 m, 18 December 1980, Breedlove 48745 (MEXU, MO); La Trinitaria, Lago Tsiskaw on the Guatemala border, 30 miles east of La Trinitaria, 14 April 1965, Breedlove 9753 (MEXU); Villa Corzo, Ejido Sierra Morena Cerro Bola, 16 ° 26 ʹ 49 ʺ N, 93 ° 05 ʹ 20 ʺ W, 1650 m, 3 August 2002, Reyes-García et al. 5184 - b (MEXU); Siltepec, Reserva de la Biósfera El Triunfo, 15 ° 33 ʹ 24 ʺ N, 92 ° 36 ʹ 14 ʺ W, 1728 m, 5 August 2005, Pérez-Bonifaz 138 (MEXU); El Triunfo Reserve, at Cañada Honda, 15 ° 37 ʹN, 92 ° 48 ʹW, 1400 m, May 1989, Heath & Long MA 110 (MEXU); Cascada Siltepec, 1600 m, 1 March 1945, Matuda 5144 (MEXU); Mapastepec, Fca. Olorido, January 1938, Matuda 2002 (MEXU).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA64D542EE1F144FB72F79E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MEXICO. Oaxaca: municipality Valle Nacional, 2 km al W de Arroyo Seco, 17 ° 54 ʹ 00 ʺN, 96 ° 18 ʹ 00 ʺW, 200 – 300 m, 12 October 1992, Meave et al. 1478 (holotype MEXU!, isotype BM!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA64D542EE1F144FB72F79E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Coccoloba meavei is morphologically similar to Coccoloba matudae, they are distinguished by the shape of the blade oblong to oblanceolate (vs elliptic or broadly elliptic); inflorescence speciform, pedicel in fruit 0.5 – 1 mm long (vs inflorescence racemiform, pedicel 3 – 4 mm); acrosarcum 6.8 – 8.14 × 6 – 6.7 mm (vs 9.5 – 10.5 × 6.5 – 7.7); achene globose, 6.5 × 6.3 mm (vs ovoid, 7.3 – 7.7 × 6.4 – 7 mm), apex tuberculate depressed – pyramidal (vs apex tuberculate depressed – galeate).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA64D542EE1F144FB72F79E.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites and possibly functionally unisexual, 10 – 25 m tall; branches striate, glabrous, brown to greyish, sparsely punctiform; ochrea 5 – 7 mm long, glabrous, glandular-punctate. Leaves simple, alternate; petioles 8 – 12 mm long, 1.3 – 2.8 mm diameter, striate, glabrous, brown, arising near or above the base of the ochrea; leaf – blades 13 – 20 cm long, 4 – 6 cm wide, oblong – oblanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, margin entire to slightly undulate, apex attenuate, base obtuse, sometimes slightly decurrent on petiole; venation brochidodromous, reticulate, primary veins 8 – 12 pairs. Inflorescence speciform, terminal or subterminal, paniculate, scarcely branched with 3 – 4 racemose branches, 10 – 15 cm long; glabrous to pulverulent; rachis 1 – 2 mm diameter, striate, pulverulent; bracteole 0.5 – 1 mm long, cymbiform, puberulent, apex rounded; ochreolae 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, cylindrical, membranous, pulverulent; pedicels equal to or slightly longer than ochreolae, 0.8 – 1 mm long in fruit. Flowers, not seen. Fruit acrosarcum, 7 – 8 × 6 – 6.8 mm, globose, apex obtuse, base truncated, brown, glabrous; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, appressed at the apex tuberculate of the achene. Achene 6 – 6.5 × 5.8 – 6.8 mm, globose, base rounded to truncate, apex tuberculate, depressed – pyramidal, slightly prominent.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA64D542EE1F144FB72F79E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific name is dedicated to Dr. Jorge Meave del Castillo, collector of the type specimen. Phenology: — Fruits from July to October.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA64D542EE1F144FB72F79E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — This species in endemic to Mexico, in Oaxaca and Veracruz (Fig. 13 G), inhabits tropical rain forest; at elevation from 300 to 650 m. Provisional conservation status: — Given the extremely narrow geographic distribution (AOO = 8 km 2) and the small number of occurrences (two). Neither of the two occurrences are located within protected natural areas. However, both occurrences are located in conserved vegetation. Under the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), we propose a preliminary IUCN Red List Assessment of Vulnerable [VU D 2]. Any future documentation of negative population trends, increased threats, or lapses in appropriate fire management that would degrade habit quality would likely change the assessment toward Endangered under the B criteria.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA64D542EE1F144FB72F79E.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined: — MEXICO. Veracruz: municipality Atoyac, Cerro Infiernillo al W del rancho Santa Rosa, 18 ° 57 ʹ 00 ʺN, 96 ° 47 ʹ 00 ʺW, 650 m, 18 July 1985, Acevedo & Vázquez 341 (XAL).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA04D512EE1F2B4FC1AFA7A.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated by Howard 1960 c: 253 as “ holotype ”, here corrected according to the Art. 9.10 if ICN): — BRAZIL. Reperi in insula Itaparica ad ostium sinus Bahiensis, in maritimis arenosis, February 1844, Casaretto 2218 (TO! [photo]). = Coccoloba polystachya Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3,13: 261. 1849. Lectotype (here designated): — BRAZIL, Matto Grasso, July – August 1845, Weddell 1848 (P!, barcode P 00734657 [photo], isolectotypes P 00734658, P 00734659 [Photos]) https: // mediaphoto. mnhn. fr / media / 1443547639018 WT 2 Wufr 05 OJE 78 nK). = Coccoloba paniculata Meisn., Fl. Bras. 5 (1): 43. pls. 20, 21. 1855. Coccoloba polystachya var. glabra Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 133. 1891. Lectotype (here designated): — BRAZIL, Goyazana, ad fluv. Richáo, Pohl s. n. (BR!, barcode: BR 0000005782260 [photo], https: // plants. jstor. org / stable / viewer / 10.5555 / al. ap. specimen. br 0000005782260).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA04D512EE1F2B4FC1AFA7A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Caño Guira near mouth of Rio Meta, Haught 2624 (holotype COL! [photo], isotypes S!, US! [photos]).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA04D512EE1F2B4FC1AFA7A.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 5 ‒ 20 m tall; branches striate, sparsely to abundantly pubescent, brown to greyish, lenticelated; ochrea 1.5 – 4 (– 5.5) cm long, densely, pubescent, puberulent, strigose to woolly, with yellow-brown trichomes, breaking irregularly, glandular-punctate. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole 1.3 – 2 cm long, 3 – 7 mm diameter, striated, strigose or tomentose, with yellow-brown trichomes, inserted at base of the ochrea. Leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptical 13 – 17 (– 19) cm long, 7 – 12 (– 14) cm wide, chartaceous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulent, mainly on nerves, abaxially pubescent to densely or sparsely hirsute, pilose, puberulous, strigose or tomentose, with yellow ‒ brown trichomes, margin entire, apex acuminate, rarely obtuse or rounded, base slightly cordate, venation brochidodromous, reticulate, primary veins (9 –) 10 – 14 pair, prominent, glabrous. Inflorescence spiciform, arranged in a monopodial panicle, main axis elongated, 8 – 13 cm long, 2.5 mm diameter, ribbed, densely hirtellous, puberulent; spiciform portion 4 – 15 (– 19) cm long, rachis ribbed, striate, 1.3 mm diameter, densely hirtellous, puberulent; bracteole 0.5 mm long, cymbiform, densely hirsutulous, pulverulente; ochreolae 0.8 – 1.2 mm long, campanulate, bilobulate, chartaceous, hirtellous-puberulent; pedicels in flower 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, pedicels in fruit 0.8 mm long, thicker, hirsutulous to strigose, pulverulent. Flowers in two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate; flowers functionally male 2 – 3 × fascicle; hypanthium 0.7 – 1 mm long, hirtellous, campanulate, abruptly narrowed at the articulate with the pedicel; outer tepals strigose, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papyraceous; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm long; stamens 7, 1.5 – 2 mm long, filaments filiform 1 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.5 mm long; flowers functionally female not seen. Fruit acrosarcum, 11 – 13 (– 15) × 9 – 12 mm, globose, subglobose, ovoid, sparsely pilose, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate or flat, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, sparsely or densely pilose, succulent, appressed at the apex tuberculate of the achene. Achene 9 – 10 × 8 – 9 mm, globose-subglobose, base truncate or flat, apex tuberculate, conical, prominent, brown, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA04D512EE1F2B4FC1AFA7A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ mollis ” refers to plants with softly-hairy, or velvety hairs. Phenology: — Flowers from May to December; and fruits from January to May and from August to November.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA04D512EE1F2B4FC1AFA7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Coccoloba mollis has a wide geographic distribution in Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil (Fig. 14 E). In the Amazon rainforest, very humid and rainy forests, it is found on clayey, sandy or rocky soils, at elevations ranging from 0 – 800 m. Provisional conservation status: — The EOO is 109,477,357 km 2, within the threshold for Least Concern (LC) status under subcriterion B 1, and the AOO is estimated to be 2442 km 2, which is below the threshold for Near Threatened (NT) status under subcriterion B 2. Coccoloba mollis es la especie con mayor rango de distribución en Sudamérica, aun cuando la gran mayoría de los registros no están ubicado dentro de áreas naturales protegidas, muchas de ellas se encuentran dentro de la espesa selva amazónica. According to the IUCN methodology (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), if the EOO threshold is lower than the AOO threshold, the EOO should be set equal to the AOO to ensure consistency with the definition of AOO as an area within the EOO. Therefore, C. mollis is assigned a preliminary status of Endangered [NT B 2 ab (iii)]. Typification of Coccoloba mollis: — Coccoloba mollis is a species with a wide distribution in South America. It is also one of the species in the genus with a great morphological variability in the shape and size of the fruits, that are globose, subglobose or ovoid, 8 – 13 mm long, as well as in the indumentum of the leaves, ochrea, inflorescences and fruits, that can be densely to sparsely pubescent, pilose, strigose, or puberulous. Howard (1960 c) discussed all of this variation and recognized several synonyms for C. mollis, with which we also agree. In the original publication, Casaretto (1844: 72) did not cite the holotype. Casaretto’s collection, mainly preserved at the herbarium TO (HUH-Index of Botanists 2025), we traced a specimen collected on the island of Itaparica, near Bahia, Brazil, matching Casaretto’s protologue; the label also includes the collection number (2218) and the catalogue number (80). This specimen was selected by Howard (1960 c) as holotype; however, according to the Art. 9.10 of ICN, this indication should be corrected to lectotype.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA04D512EE1F2B4FC1AFA7A.taxon	description	Typification of Coccoloba polystachya: — In the original description of Coccoloba polystachya, Weddell (1849: 261) observed a living plant that was assigned a catalogue number 3381 and also cited the collection Martius 1242. In Herbarium P, we have located three sheets of the living plant observed by Weddell (cat. No. 3381) with the herbarium collection number Weddell 1848, and we have selected the specimen with barcode P 00734657 as the lectotype for the name C. polystachya. Typification of Coccoloba paniculata: — Coccoloba paniculata was described by Meisner citing the specimens Pohl s / n, Poeppig 2649 and Martius 1242. Here we selected the specimen Pohl s / n from the BR herbarium as the lectotype of the name C. paniculata. Specimens examined: — BOLIVIA. Beni: Gral. Ballivian, Rurrenabaque, cerro del Calvario, 14 ° 26 ’ 52 ” S, 67 ° 31 ’ 36 ” W, 411 m, 21 October 2003, Fuentes 5537 (MO); Gral. Ballivian, carretera Carinavi-San Borja, lado oeste de la Serranía del Pilón Lajas, 5 km de la cumbre, 15 ° 19 ’ S, 67 ° 03 ’ W, 765 m, 2 November 1989, Smith & García 13854 (MO); Cumbre de la Serranía del Pilón Lajas, carretera Carinavi-San Borja, 25 km de Yucumo, 15 ° 17 ’ S, 67 ° 04 ’ W, 850 – 900 m, February 1990, Smith et al. 14418 (MO). Gral. Ballivian, 14 ° 26 ’ S, 67 ° 31 ’ W, 411 m, 21 October 2003, Fuentes 5537 (LPB); Gral. Ballivian, 15 ° 19 ’ S, 67 ° 03 ’ W, 765 m, 2 November 1989, Smith & García 13854 (MO). Gral. Ballivian, 15 ° 17 ’ S, 67 ° 04 ’ W, 850 to 900 m, February – July 1990, D. N. Smith et al. 14418 (MO); Gral. Ballivian, 14 ° 26 ’ S, 67 ° 31 ’ W, 411 m, 21 October 2003, A. F. Fuentes 5537 (MO, NY); Itenez, 14 ° 25 ’ S, 62 ° 03 ’ W, 200 m, 19 July 1993, Quevedo et al. 961 (MO). La Paz: Nor Yungas, 4.5 km below Yolosa, then 10 km W, on road up the Río Huarinilla, 16 ° 12 ’ S, 067 ° 50 ’ W, 1450 m, 19 – 20 October 1982, Solomon 8525 (MO); Abel Iturralde, Alto Madidi, ridge top, 7 km NE of camp. Transect 1, 13 ° 35 ’ S, 68 ° 46 ’ W, 380 m, 25 May 1990, Gentry & Estenssoro 70552 (MO); Franz Tamayo, Región Madidi, Santo Domingo, arroyo Tintaya, 14 ° 47 ’ 09 ” S, 068 ° 35 ’ 00 ” W, 1437 m, 12 – 19 September 2012, Cayola et al. 4153 B (MO), 4324 B (MO), 4403 B (MO), 4404 B (MO), 4505 (MO); Franz Tamayo, Parque Nacional Madidi, Sumpulo. Parcela Permanente 34, 14 ° 34 ’ 19 ” S, 68 ° 46 ’ 46 ” W, 1223 m, 13 July 2008, Moya et al. 255 (LPB, MO); Franz Tamayo, Región Madidi, Santo Domingo, sector arroyo Tintaya, 14 ° 47 ’ 23 ” S, 68 ° 35 ’ 01 ” W, 1468 m, 25 October 2006, Chapi et al. 188 (LPB, MO); Franz Tamayo, Culi, en Parque Nacional Madidi, cercanías del río Pelechuco, bajando desde Pelechuco por el camino antiguo Pelechuco-Apolo, 14 ° 43 ’ 44 ” S, 68 ° 50 ’ 41 ” W, 1496 m, 30 September – 03 Octtober 2009, Arellano et al. 845 (LPB, MA, MO); Franz Tamayo, Parque Nacional Madidi, Mojos, campamento Fuertecillo, sobre la senda a Queara, 14 ° 35 ’ 31 ” S, 68 ° 55 ’ 14 ” W, 1750 m, 30 April 2007, Cayola et al. 2742 (MO); Franz Tamayo, Región Madidi, Santo Domingo, Lechemayu, a 984 m N campamento Lechemayu, primera palca, 14 ° 46 ’ 09 ” S, 68 ° 37 ’ 11 ” W, 1522 m, 16 August 2010, Cornejo et al. 1350 (MO); Franz Tamayo, Santo Domingo, sector Tintaya, parcela temporal 2, 14 ° 47 ’ 10 ” S, 68 ° 34 ’ 58 ” W, 1400 m, 12 October 2006, Cornejo et al. 200 (MO); Larecaja, desde la comunidad de Quilapituni, subiendo por el camino antiguo Ingenio-Mapiri, hasta un lugar llamado Victopampa. Campamento a unas 3 horas a pie bajando hacia el río Chiñijo, 15 ° 28 ’ 03 ” S, 68 ° 21 ’ 17 ” W, 1489 m, 17 – 19 April 2010, Arellano et al. 1614 (LPB, MA, MO); Bautista Saavedra, Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Apolobamba, Wayrapata, 0,7 Km NE del caserío, 15 ° 05 ’ 11 ” S, 68 ° 29 ’ 19 ” W, 1334 m, 18 May 2004, Antezana et al. 359 (MO). Santa Cruz: Velazco, San José de Campamento, 20 km al oeste de la hacienda San Roque, 15 ° 09 ’ 20 ” S, 60 ° 59 ’ 29 ” W, 230 m, 29 August 1996, Guillén & Marmañas 4609 (MO); Provincia de Ichilo. Río Ibabo, Reserva Forestal Choré; Bosque Experimental “ Elias Meneces ”, 16 ° 35 ’ S, 64 ° 31 ’ W, 180, 5 – 10 August 1990, Neill et al. 9216 (MO); Velazco, alrededores de la Hacienda San Roque, 15 ° 00 ’ 37 ” S, 61 ° 07 ’ 42 ” W, 280 m. 06 August 1996, Guillén et al. 180 (MO). BRAZIL. Acre: Mun. de Rio Branco, Mata de terra firme, solo argiloso, 19 October 1980, Cid Ferreira & Nelson 2971 (MO); Mun. Porto Acre. Flat terrain not flooded or only shallowly and briefly, 9 ° 45 ’ S, 67 ° 38 ’ W, 3 November 1993, Daly et al. 8027 (MO); Tarauacá: Bacia do Rio Juruá, Rio Muru, Seringal Vitória Velha, Colocacão Vista Alegre, margem direita, área de transicão entre “ Restinga ” (floresta de terra firme em terraco alto) e “ Tabocal ”, 8 ° 25 ’ S, 70 ° 48 ’ W, 28 September 1994, Silveira et al. 946 (MO); Basin of Rio Purus, near mouth of Rio Macauhan (tributary of Rio Yaco), 9 ° 20 ’ S, 69 ° 00 ’ W, 17 August 1933, Krukoff 5550 (MO); Mun. Sena Madureira. Bacia do Rio Purus, Fazenda Nova Olinda, Carreador do Poti, ca. 8 km da sede, 10 ° 07 ’ S, 69 ° 13 ’ W, 21 October 1993, Silveira et al. 560 (MO). Amazonas: Basin of Rio Madeira, municipality Humayta, near Tres Casas, 14 September – 11 October 1934, Krukoff 6114 (MO); Basin of Rio Solimoes, municipality of São Paulo de Olivenca, near Palmares, 11 September – 11 October 1936, Krukoff 8314 (MO); Basin of Rio Solimoes, Municipality São Paulo de Olivenca, near Palmares, Terra firme; high land, 11 September. – 26 October 1936, Krukoff 8337 (MO); Basin of Rio Solimoes, Municipality São Paulo de Olivenca; basin of creek Belem, 26 October – 11 December 1936, Krukoff 8841 (MO). Goiás: Mun. Luziania. Lagoa de Prata, 15 August 1980, Hatschbach 43146 (IBE, MO); States of Goiás and Mato Grosso. Goiaz: Jataí-Caiaponia road, 40 km. from Caiaponia, 600 – 1000 m, 27 June 1966, Hunt 6244 (MO). Maranhão: Campo on Fazenda do Senhor Miquel Pacheco. Km 176 of Br 135. 2 km N of São Mateus, 4 ° 00 ’ S, 44 ° 30 ’ W, 27 September 1980, Daly et al. D 285 (MO); Maranhão, Maracassumé River Region, Campo de Boa Esperanca, 30 August 1932, de Lemos & Krukoff 1811 (MO). Mato Grosso: Vicinity of Xavantina. Creek margin, gallery forest, ca. 70 km N of Xavantina, 14 ° 40 ’ S, 52 ° 20 ’ W, 300 – 400 m, 10 October 1964, Irwin & Soderstrom 6719 (MO); Mato Grosso, Rib. Claro (Mun. Alto Araguaia), 22 September 1974, Hatschbach & Kummrow 35071 (MO). Pará: Serra dos Carajás. Rio Parauapebas; control point at entrance to Serra Norte, ca. 39 km east of AMZA camp N- 5. Forest on low ground along river, high presence of babassu palm, 6 ° 04 ’ S, 49 ° 55 ’ W, 150 m, 23 June 1982, Sperling et al. 6324 (MO); Mun. Óbidos. 91 km de Oriximiná nos Campos de Ariramba, entre rio Jaramacaru e Igarapé Mutum, 1 ° 10 ’ S, 55 ° 35 ’ W, 4 December 1987, Cid Ferreira 9774 (MO); On varzia land near Cassipa, Tapajos River region, September 1931, Krukoff 1246 (MO). Sergipe: Santa Luzia do Itanhy, RPPN Mata do Crasto, Borda de mata, solo arenoso, 14 August 2012, Gomes et al. 616 (MO); Santa Luzia do Itanhy, RPPN Mata do Crasto, Trilha no interior da mata, solo arenoso. Mata Atlântica, 11 ° 23 ’ S, 37 ° 25 ’ W, 09 August 2011, Prata et al. 2613 (MO). Minas Gerais: Triángulo región, Cerrado, McGill University Expedition, 1967 – 1968, Goodland 822 (MO); Ituiutaba, 28 August 1948, Macedo 1186 (MO). São Paulo: Munic. José Bonifácio, estrada de terra Municipal José Bonifácio-Nova Alianca, Fazenda Jacaré (entre Córregos Jacaré-Fartura), 21 ° 03 ’ S, 49 ° 41 ’ W, 5 September 1992, Silva 294 (MO); Mpio. Penapolis, 18 September 1974, Hatschbach & Kummrow 34820 (MO). ECUADOR. Orellana: Estación Científica Yasuni, Río Tiputini, al noroeste de la confluencia con el R. Tivacuno, este de la carretera Repsol-YPF, km 7 desvío hacia el pozo Tivacuno, 30 November 2002, Villa & Alvia 1621 (US); Manabí: Pedernales Cantón, Reserva Ecológica Mache-Chindul, comunidad Ambacha (vía marginal de la costa-Chindul), 00 ° 15 ’ 00 ” N, 79 ° 48 ’ 00 ” W, 270 m, 25 March 1997, Clark et al. 4206 (MO, US). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Rio Orinoco between San Fernando de Atabapo and San Antonio, Silverio 41 (A); Sanariapo, Williams 15961 (A, F), 16042 (F). Bolívar: Alto Rio Paragua, Cardona 1183 (NY, US).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA34D6F2EE1F7DCFB76FA8A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: EL SALVADOR. Ahuachapan: Sierra de Apaneca at Finca Colima. 17 – 19 January 1922, Standley 20061 (holotype US!; isotype GH!). Epitype (designated by Ortiz-Díaz & Ancona, 2024: 93): — EL SALVADOR. Ahuachapán: San Benito al N del Pocito. 13 ° 49´N, 89 ° 56´W, 02 February 1993, Sandoval & Sandoval 988 (LAGU! accession ES: 00988).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA34D6F2EE1F7DCFB76FA8A.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, (4 –) 9 – 15 m tall; branches striate, glabrous, brown to pale gray, scarcely lenticeled; ochrea 5 – 10 mm long, tubular, glabrous, puberulent, dark brown, apex irregular, truncated, caducous, basal portion persistent, with or without glandular punctate. Leaves simple, alternate, petioles 10 – 15 (31 when young) mm long, 1.8 – 2.5 mm diameter, canaliculated, with or without glandular punctate, dark brown, arising at the base of the ochrea; leaf blades 10 – 15 (– 26 in adventitious shoots) cm long, 6.4 – 8 (12 in adventitious shoots) cm wide, ovate, membranaceous rarely subcoriaceous, smooth, glabrous, lower surface glabrous, spreading to densely hirsute to hairy in axils of median vein, margin entire or revolute, apex attenuate to short acuminate, base rounded to subcordate, asymmetric, venation brochidodromous, reticulate, primary veins 7 – 9 pairs, prominent. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate 12 – 18 cm long, pendulous; rachis striate, sparsely hirtellous; bracteole, 0.5 – 1 mm long, cymbiform, membranous, pulverulent; ochreola 0.5 – 1 mm long, membranous, glabrous; pedicels 1 – 1.5 mm long, thicker in the fruit, glabrous to pulverulent. Flowers in two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate; flowers functionally male 2 – 3 × fascicle; hypanthium 0.5 mm long, glabrous, campanulate, abruptly narrowed at the pedicel; outer tepals glabrous, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papyraceous; tepals 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamens 8, 1.5 – 2 mm long, filaments filiform 1 – 1.2 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.2 mm long; flowers functionally female solitary; hypanthium 0.5 – 1 mm long, glabrous, campaniform, abruptly narrowed at the pedicel; outer tepals glabrous, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papyraceous; tepals 0.8 – 1 mm long; stamens 8, 1.4 mm long, filaments filiform 1 – 1.2 mm long, anthers 0.2 mm long; ovary 1 – 1.2 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 1 mm long. Fruit acrosarcum, 7 – 8.5 mm long × 6.5 – 7.5 mm diameter, ovoid to subglobose, with prominent ribs, apex rounded, base rounded, black, glabrous; achene not dissected, almost completely covered by the succulent hypanthium, tepals accrescent and appressed at the apex of the achene.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA34D6F2EE1F7DCFB76FA8A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific name of this species is possibly due to the first colonial references to Apaneca (type locality) who described it as a region with high humidity and cold, similar to the montane climate. Phenology: — Flowers from November to December; and fruit from January to February.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFFA34D6F2EE1F7DCFB76FA8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — This species is distributed in Guatemala and El Salvador (Fig. 15 C), in cloud forests, at elevation of 1200 to 1500 m. Provisional conservation status: — The EOO is 2,844.40 km 2, within the threshold for Endangered (EN) status under subcriterion B 1, and the AOO is estimated as 28 km 2, which is below the threshold for Endangered (EN) status under subcriterion B 2. There are seven known occurrences of C. montana representing four subpopulations. However, occurrences are located in conserved areas, but this does not indicate that in the future they will be severely fragmented. Under the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), we propose a preliminary IUCN Red List Assessment of Endangered [EN B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii)]. Specimens examined: — GUATEMALA. Sacatepéquez: Alotenango, 1200 m, 12 September 1995, Véliz 95.5017 (MEXU). Quetzaltenango: along hwy, Cito, N of junction with Ca 2 toward Quezaltenango in Watershed Reserve INDE (Inst. Nac. de Elec. Guatemala). “ Santa María ”. vicinity km 199, S of Quetzaltenango, 14 ° 45´N 91 ° 32´W, 1200 – 1300 m, 22 January 1987, Croat & Hannon 63474 (MEXU, MO). EL SALVADOR. Ahuachapan: San Benito, Parque Nacional El Imposible, 13 ° 49´N, 89 ° 56´W, 11 December 1989, Sermeño AS 026 (LAGU, MO); San Francisco Méndez, montañas Las Oscuranas, 13 ° 49´N, 89 ° 56´W, 14 December 1995, Castillo & Magandi ISF 00831 (LAGU, MO); San Benito, al N del centro de la Montaña de Tacho López, 13 ° 49´N, 89 ° 56´W, 5 March 1993, Sandoval & Sandoval 1089 (LAGU, MO); Tacuba, cerca del Parque Nacional El Imposible, Cerro La Campana, 135 m, 22 April 1993, Berendsohn & Sandoval 1503 (LAGU, MO); Concepción de Ataco, Cantón El Arco, finca La Esperanza, cascada de Don Juan, Sector El Mirador, 13 ° 49 ʹ 42 ʺN, 89 ° 51 ʹ 22 ʺW, 1049 m, 13 February 2013, Rodríguez et al. 3977 (LAGU); San Benito, al N del Posito, 8 February 1993, Sandoval & Sandoval 988 (LAGU).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9D4D6D2EE1F74CFC90FB7E.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated by Howard 1957: 85): — JAMAICA. [Without locality], 1 January 1850,. Alexander s. n. (GOET! [photo]); isolectotype: B!, G!, NY! [photos]). Epitype (here designated): — JAMAICA. Manchester: Moorlands estate, w miles northeast of Spur Tree, 24 August 1955, Proctor 10593 (NY! [photo]).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9D4D6D2EE1F74CFC90FB7E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: JAMAICA. Westmoreland: [Without locality], Purdie s. n. (holotype: K! [photo]).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9D4D6D2EE1F74CFC90FB7E.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodite, functionally unisexual, 15 ‒ 20 m tall; branches glabrous, striate, brown or blackish; ochrea 10 – 15 mm, glabrescent-puberulebt, membranaceous to coriaceous, apex oblique or truncate bilobed. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole 3 – 5 cm long, 2 – 3 mm diameter, glabrous, articulated above the base or in the middle part of the ochrea; leaf oblong-elliptic, broadly ovate or oval, membranaceous to subcoriaceous 13 – 32 cm long, 7 – 27 cm wide, apex obtuse to bluntly acuminate, base cordate, rarely truncate, margin entire, flat or slightly undulate, glabrous on both surfaces, venation brochidodromous, prominent adaxially, 6 – 10 pairs of lateral veins, reticulate. Inflorescence racemiform, arranged in a large sympodial panicle, branches> 5, main axis reduced, 1.5 – 3 cm long, 3 – 5 mm diameter, striate, glabrous to puberulent; racemiform portion 12 – 21 cm long, rachis ribbed, striate, glabrous or glabrate, 2.3 mm diameter; bracteole 0.3 mm long, cymbiform, puberulent; ochreola 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, tubular, lacerate, membranaceous, glabrous; pedicels in flower 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, pedicels in fruit 1.5 – 2 mm long, thicker, glabrous. Flowers in two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate; flowers functionally male (1) 2 – 3 × fascicle; hypanthium 1 – 1.2 mm long, glabrous to puberulent, campanulate, not abruptly narrowed at the pedicel; outer tepals glabrous, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papery; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm long; stamens 8, 2 – 2.5 mm long, filaments filiform 2 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.5 mm long; flowers functionally female solitary, hypanthium 1 – 1.2 mm long, glabrous to puberulent, campanulate, not abruptly narrowed at the pedicel; outer tepals glabrous, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papery; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm long; stamens 8, 1 – 1.5 mm long, filaments filiform 1 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; ovary 2 – 2.5 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 1 mm long. Fruit acrosarcum, 15 – 17 mm long, 5 – 7 mm diameter, ovoid, apex acute, base truncate or rounded, not abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel, dark brown to black, glabrous; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, erect at the apex tuberculate of the achene, forming a crown. Achene not seen.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9D4D6D2EE1F74CFC90FB7E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — This species is named in honor to the French botanist Charles Plumier (1646 – 1704), whose most important work is “ Description des plantes de l’Amérique ”. Phenology: — Flowers from April to May; and fruits from August to September.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9D4D6D2EE1F74CFC90FB7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Coccoloba plumieri is endemic to Jamaica (Fig. 16 C), inhabits wooded limestone hillside, at elevations of 700 m. Provisional conservation status: — Given the extremely narrow geographic distribution (AOO = 20 km 2) and the small number of occurrences (five). Neither of the two occurrences are located within protected natural areas. Furthermore, occurrences are found within or around vegetation severely fragmented by urban growth and agriculture. Under the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), we propose a preliminary IUCN Red List Assessment of Vulnerable [VU D 2]. Any future documentation of negative population trends, increased threats, or lapses in appropriate fire management that would degrade habit quality would likely change the assessment toward Endangered under the B criteria. Specimens examined: — JAMAICA. [Without locality], 1858, W. T. March 1941 (GOET). Manchester: Moorlands estate, 2 miles northeast of Spur Tree, Wooded limestone hill, 05 Jul. 1955, 2500 ft, R. A. Howard & G. Proctor 14439 (MO, NY, US); Moorlands estate, W miles northeast of Spur Tree, 24 Aug 1955, G. R. Proctor 10593 (NY); Mandeville to Brown’s Town, 3 – 7 Sep 1908, N. L. Britton 3233 (NY). Saint Ann: Soho, A large tree up to 60 ft., 17 ° 55 ’ 59 ” N 076 ° 27 ’ 00 ” W, 1400 ft, 13 May 1915, W. H. Harris 12023 (MO, NY, US); Moneague, 9 Apr 1850, Marck s. n. (K). Saint Elizabeth: Pepper, parish of St. Elizabeth, 14 Mar 1931, G. S. Miller 1366 (US); Westmoreland: Town Head to Bushmout, 400 ft, 27 Dec 1962, C. D. Adams 12025 (MO).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9F4D6B2EE1F6D0FC5FFD02.taxon	materials_examined	Type. JAMAICA. Saint Elizabeth: Kaiser mine area S of Gutters, limestone outcrop near Pit 101, 700 ft. 20 January 1956, Howard & Proctor 14718 (holotype A! [photo]; isotypes LL!, MO!, TEX! [photos]).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9F4D6B2EE1F6D0FC5FFD02.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodite, functionally unisexual, 15 ‒ 20 m tall; branches glabrous, striate, brown or blackish; ochrea 10 – 17 mm, glabrous, membranaceous above, coriaceous below, oblique and slightly bilobed. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole 2 – 3 cm long, 5 – 7 mm diameter, glabrous, articulated at the base of the ochrea; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate 17 – 19 cm long, 12 – 15 cm wide, apex obtuse, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin revolute, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, venation brochidodromous, prominent adaxially, 6 – 10 pairs of lateral veins, reticulate. Inflorescence racemiform, arranged in a sympodial panicle, main axis reduced, 1.5 – 3 cm long, 3 – 5 mm diameter, striate, glabrous; racemiform portion 15 – 25 cm long, rachis ribbed, striate, glabrous or glabrate, 2.3 mm diameter; bracteole 0.3 mm long, cymbiform, glabrous; ochreolae 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, tubular, lacerate, membranaceous, glabrous; pedicels in flower buds 3 – 4 mm long, pedicels in fruit 5 – 7.5 mm long, thicker, glabrous. Flowers not seen; specimens only have flower buds. Fruit acrosarcum, 13 – 15 mm long, 9 – 10 mm diameter, ovoid, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate or flat, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, glabrous, succulent, erect, forming a crown at the apex tuberculate of the achene. Achene not seen.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9F4D6B2EE1F6D0FC5FFD02.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — This species is named in honor of the botanist George Richardson Proctor of the Institute of Jamaica (from 1951 to 1980), working on the herbarium and rising to be head of the Natural History Division. Phenology: — Fruits and flowers in January.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9F4D6B2EE1F6D0FC5FFD02.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Coccoloba proctorii is endemic to Jamaica (Fig. 17 C), known only from the type locality. It inhabits humid forests with limestone outcrops at elevations of 230 m. Provisional conservation status: — Given the extremely narrow geographic distribution (AOO = less than 20 km 2) and the small number of occurrences (four). Neither of the two occurrences are located within protected natural areas. Furthermore, occurrences are found within or around vegetation severely fragmented by urban growth and agriculture. Under the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), we propose a preliminary IUCN Red List Assessment of Vulnerable [VU D 2]. Any future documentation of negative population trends, increased threats, or lapses in appropriate fire management that would degrade habit quality would likely change the assessment toward Endangered under the B criteria.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9F4D6B2EE1F6D0FC5FFD02.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — In the protologue, Howard mentioned that there are several individuals of C. proctorii in their natural habitat. However, he only made three collections, one with mature fruits (holotype and isotype) and two specimens with flower buds (paratypes). Even though specimens had flower buds, Howard described that inflorescences with solitary flowers are functionally female while inflorescences with 2 – 4 fasciculated flowers are functionally male. It is also important to note that in the protologue, Howard cites the specimen Howard & Proctor 15718 as the holotype, however the correct number is 14718, as seen on the specimen labels. Specimens examined: — JAMAICA. Saint Elizabeth: Kaiser mine area S of Gutters, limestone outcrop near Pit 101, 700 ft. 20. January 1956, Howard & Proctor 14555 (A), 14719 (A).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF994D692EE1F0F4FAA1FCF2.taxon	materials_examined	Type: MEXICO. Colima: Coquimatlán, 5.2 km en línea recta al S de Zinacamitlán, camino a las Conchas, 18 ° 56 ’ 10 ” N, 103 ° 41 ’ 11 ” W, 240 m, 16 August 2022, Ibarra et al. 5985 (holotype MEXU!, isotype IEB!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF994D692EE1F0F4FAA1FCF2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Coccoloba rzedowskii is similar to C. hirsuta, differentiated by the ochrea 5 – 8 mm long, scabrid to puberulent (vs 10 – 12 mm long, densely hirtellous); blades 7 – 15 × 5 – 12.5 cm, ovate to widely ovate, adaxially glabrous, sparsely hirsute or hispid mainly on veins, abaxial surface densely hirsute, hispid or pilose (vs 15 – 25.5 (– 28.3) × 9 – 13 cm, oblong – elliptical to obovate – elliptic, adaxial surface sparsely puberulent to hirtellous mainly on veins, abaxial surface densely hirtellous); inflorescence racemiform, pedicels in flower 1 – 1.5 mm long, pedicels in fruit 1.5 – 2.3 mm (vs inflorescence spiciform, pedicels in flower 0.5 – 1 mm long, pedicels in fruit 0.5 – 1.5 mm).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF994D692EE1F0F4FAA1FCF2.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 4 – 12 m tall; branch striate, glabrous, brown to greyish, sparsely punctiform, sparsely lenticelated; ochrea 5 – 8 mm long, cylindrical, scabrid to puberulent, margin lacerated. Leaves simple, alternate; petioles 1.5 – 3 cm long, 0.8 – 2 mm diameter, striate, puberulent to puberulous, brown, arising at the base of the ochrea; leaf blades 7 – 15 cm long, 5 – 12.5 cm wide, ovate to widely ovate, chartaceous to coriaceous, adaxially glabrous, with sparsely hirsute or hispid trichomes on primary and secondary veins, abaxial surface densely hirsute, hispid or pilose; margin entire to slightly undulate, apex acute or obtuse, base cordate, subcordate or rounded; venation brochidodromous, reticulate, abaxially prominent, primary veins 8 – 12 pairs. Inflorescence racemiform, arranged in a small sympodial panicle, 3 – 4 branches, main axis reduced, 1 – 1.5 cm long, striate, puberulent to pulverulent; racemiform portion 9 – 15 cm long, rachis 1 – 1.7 mm diameter, striate, puberulent to puberulous; bracteole 1 mm long, cymbiform, puberulent to puberulous; ochreola 1 mm long, tubular, lacerate, membranous, glabrous to puberulent; pedicels in flower 1 – 1.5 mm long, pedicels in fruit 1.5 – 2.3 mm, thicker, glabrous, pulverulent. Flowers aestivation quincuncial, two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate, outer tepals coriaceous, inner tepals papyraceous; flowers functionally male 2 – 3 × fascicle, 2.2 – 2.5 mm long; hypanthium 0.7 – 1 mm long, glabrous, campanulate; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm long, glabrous; stamens 8, 1.5 – 2 mm long, filaments filiform 1 – 1.5 mm long, anthers 0.3 – 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.5 mm long; flowers functionally female solitary, 2.2 – 2.5 mm long; hypanthium 1.7 – 2 mm long, glabrous, campanulate; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm long, hirtellous to pulverulent; stamens 8, 1 mm long, filaments filiform 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; ovary 1.5 – 2 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.8 – 1 mm long. Fruit acrosarcum, 7 – 10 mm long, 6.5 – 8 mm diameter, ovoid-subglobose, glabrous, apex rounded to obtuse, base rounded, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, subcoriaceous, appressed at the apex of the achene. Achene 6 – 8 mm long, 5 – 7 mm diameter, subglobose to globose, base rounded, apex slightly cuspidate, mammiform, slightly prominent, brown, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF994D692EE1F0F4FAA1FCF2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet of this new species is in honor to Dr. Jerzy Rzedowski Rotter (1926 – 2023) for his long career in the study of Mexican flora. Phenology: — Flowers from May to July; and fruits from August to November.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF994D692EE1F0F4FAA1FCF2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — This species is endemic to Mexico, inhabits the low deciduous forests of Colima, Jalisco and Michoacán (Fig. 18 H), at elevations of 50 – 500 m. Provisional conservation status: — The EOO is 7,375 km 2, within the threshold for Vulnerable (V) status under subcriterion B 1, and the AOO is estimated as 36 km 2, which is below the threshold for Endangered (EN) status under subcriterion B 2. There are 12 known occurrences of C. montana representing three to four subpopulations. Most occurrences are located outside protected natural areas, except for the occurrences in Jalisco, Mexico, which are located within the Chamela-Cuiuxmala reserve. Occurrences outside Chamela-Cuiuxmala are located in areas with vegetation fragmented by urban growth and agriculture. Under the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), we propose a preliminary IUCN Red List Assessment of Endangered [EN B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii)]. Specimens examined: — MEXICO. Colima: Colima, km 17 de la Autopista Colima-Manzanillo, laderas calizas, 19 ° 05 ’ 12 ” N, 103 ° 46 ’ 27 ” W, 500 m, 19 March 2002, Carrillo-Reyes & Ramírez-Delgadillo 3044 (IEB, MEXU). Michoacán: Aquila, 7 km al S de la Placita, 290 m, 20 October 1985, Soto-Núñez et al. 11209 (MEXU); Aquila, a 18 km al W de Arenas Blancas, carr. Tecomán-Col. Playa Azul, 26 September 1983, Martínez 4570 (MEXU); Aquila, 2.24 km SO de Cruz de Campos, carretera Aquila-El Ticuiz, 18 ° 34 ’ 14 ” N, 103 ° 36 ’ 13 ” W, 64 m, 28 May 2009, Medina- Lemos 4676 (MEXU); Aquila, a 9 km al E de La Placita, carr. Tecomán, col. Playa Azul, 18 ° 27 ’ 59 ” N, 103 ° 33 ’ 22 ” W, 175 m, Martínez et al. 4518 (MEXU); Caleta de Campos, 10 km al NW de Caleta de Campos, 18 ° 07 ’ 00 ” N, 102 ° 52 ’ 00 ” W, 90 m, 10 October 1990, Trejo 1752 (MEXU). Jalisco: La Huerta, Estación de Biología Chamela, cuenca 3 a 1250, 19 ° 30 ’ 00 ” N, 105 ° 03 ’ 00 ” W, 27 November 1998, Pérez 2357 (MEXU); La Huerta, antiguo camino a Nacastillo, en la parte alta de la estación, a 9.1 km al E de la carr. Puerto Vallarta-Barra de Navidad, 190 m, 7 July 1985, Lott & Ayala 30 (IEB, MEXU); La Huerta, a 10 km al NO de las oficinas de la Fundación Ecológica Cuixmala, sobre el camino al Mirador, 19 ° 28 ’ 26 ” N, 104 ° 58 ’ 29 ” W, 300 m, 13 September 1997, Calónico-Soto et al. 4282 (IEB, MEXU).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9B4D672EE1F144FF03FD92.taxon	materials_examined	Type: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Pluma Hidalgo, departamento de Pochutla, Cerro Espino, al E de la Finca cafetalera “ Monte Cristo ”, 15 ° 52 ʹ 00 ʺN, 96 ° 24 ʹ 00 ʺW, 1250 m, 2 October 1988, Campos 2479 (holotype MEXU!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9B4D672EE1F144FF03FD92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Coccoloba steinmannii is similar to C. montana, it is differentiated by its elliptic, elliptic-ovate, oblanceolate blade, acute apex, symmetrical cordate base (vs. ovate blade, long-acuminate apex, cordate base, asymmetrical); acrosarcum smooth (vs acrosarcum with prominent ribs).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9B4D672EE1F144FF03FD92.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 5 ‒ 20 (– 30) m tall; branches glabrous, striate, lenticelated, brown or grayish; ochrea 5 – 10 mm, coriaceous, glabrous when mature, puberulent when young, edge obtuse-truncated, base persistent. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole 8 – 10 (25 when young) mm long, 1 – 3.5 mm diameter, glabrous, articulated at the base of the ochrea, leaf blade elliptic, elliptic-ovate, oblanceolate, 10 – 23 cm long, 4 – 14 cm wide, apex acute to acuminate, base subcordate to rounded, margin entire to wavy, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, venation brochidodromous, reticulate, 6 – 10 pairs of lateral veins, abaxially conspicuous. Inflorescence racemiform arranged in a small sympodial panicle, 3 – 4 branches, main axis reduced, 1 – 1.5 cm long, 1.5 – 2.0 cm long, 1.5 – 2.3 mm diameter, ribbed, glabrous; racemiform portion 7 – 15 cm long, rachis ribbed, striate, glabrous or pulverulent, 1.3 mm diameter; bracteole 0.5 mm long, cymbiform, glabrous to pulverulent; ochreola 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, tubular, lacerate, membranaceous, glabrous; pedicels in flower 1 – 1.2 mm long, pedicels in fruit 1.0 – 1.5 mm long, thicker, glabrous. Flowers not observed, specimens only have flower buds. Fruit acrosarcum, 7.5 – 8.5 (– 1.0) mm long, 6 – 7.5 mm diameter, globose-suglobose rarely ovoid, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate or flat, rarely abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, glabrous, succulent, appressed at the apex tuberculate of the achene. Achene 6 – 6.5 mm long, 7 – 8 mm diameter, ovoid-subglobose, base truncate or flat, apex tuberculate, mammiform, slightly prominent, brown, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9B4D672EE1F144FF03FD92.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet of this new species is in honor of Dr. Victor Steinmann, a botanist specializing in taxonomy and systematics of the Euphorbiaceae family and in Mexican floristics. Phenology: — Flower from December to July; and fruits from May to October.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF9B4D672EE1F144FF03FD92.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Coccoloba steinmannii is endemic to Mexico, in the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca (Fig. 19 G). This species inhabits very humid and rainy forests (medium sub-evergreen forest and tall evergreen forest) and cloud forests, at elevations of 600 to 1600 m. Provisional conservation status: — The EOO is 11,553.26 km 2, within the threshold for Vulnerable (VU) status under subcriterion B 1, and the AOO is estimated as 40 km 2, which is below the threshold for Endangered (EN) status under subcriterion B 2. There are seven known occurrences of C. stenmannii representing two to three subpopulations. However, occurrences are located in conserved areas, but this does not indicate that in the future they will be severely fragmented. According to the IUCN methodology (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), if the EOO threshold is lower than the AOO threshold, the EOO should be set equal to the AOO to ensure consistency with the definition of AOO as an area within the EOO. Therefore, C. steinmannii is assigned a preliminary status of Endangered [EN B 2 ab (iii)]. Specimens examined: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Leonardo Bravo, 4 km antes de Yerbabuena, 3 km después de Cruz de Ocote, carr. Filo de C. a puerto Gallo, 19 July 1989, Contreras 1237 (MEXU); Atoyac de Álvarez, 1 km al N de río Santiago, 800 m, 11 July 1985, Valverde 75 (MEXU); Chilpancingo de los Bravos, 1 km al O de La haciendita, carr. Chilpancingo-Tierra Colorada, 610 m, 3 July 1981, A. Núñez 118 (MEXU). Oaxaca: Pluma hidalgo, departamento de Pochutla, camino Copalita-Pluma Hidalgo, 1000 m, 17 April 1989, Acosta-Castellanos 1219 (MEXU); San Miguel del Puerto, distrito de Pochutla, 2 km de Rancho Dion rumbo a cerro Lobo, 20 July 2002, Saynes, et al. 2985 a (IEB, MEXU).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF954D622EE1F064FBEFF9EA.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated by Howard, 1959 b: 216 as “ isotype ”, here corrected according to the Art. 9.10 of ICN): — GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: Cubilgüitz, 250 m, July 1903, Tuerckheim 8493 (holotype GH!; isotype F! ,, K!, NY!, US!).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF954D622EE1F064FBEFF9EA.taxon	materials_examined	Type: COSTA RICA. collected in the Esquinas Forest at about 60 m, 20 November 1950, Allen 6645 (holotype EAP!). ‒ Coccoloba guatemalensis hort. ex Lindau nom. inval. (Art. 38.1 of ICN).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF954D622EE1F064FBEFF9EA.taxon	description	Description: — Trees hermaphrodites, functionally unisexual, 7 – 15 (– 25) m height; branches striate, glabrous, brown to greyish, sparsely lenticelated; ochrea 2 – 3 (– 5) cm long, striate, oblique, glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate; petioles 1.5 – 4.5 (– 7) cm long, 1.5 – 8 (– 1.3) mm diameter, striate, puberulent to glabrous, brown, rising above the base of the ochrea; leaf blade (13 –) 20 – 45 (– 70 in adventitious shoots) cm long, (7 –) 10 – 25 (– 40 in adventitious shoots) cm wide, obovate to broadly elliptical-oblong, glabrous or with few trichomes in the axils beneath, chartaceous, margin entire slightly undulate, apex abruptly narrow or short acuminate, base acute to rounded, decurrent on petiole to truncate; venation brochidodromous, reticulate, primary veins 6 – 10 pairs. Inflorescence racemiform arranged in a large sympodial panicle, 6 to numerous branches, main axis reduced, 2.5 – 4.5 cm long: portion racemiform (13.6 –) 20.4 – 26.1 (– 40.2) cm long; glabrous; rachis 1 – 2 mm diameter, striate, pulverulent; bracteole absent, ochreola 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, membranous, pulverulent, apex rounded; pedicels 1.5 in flowers, 1.5 – 3 mm long in fruit; Flowers in two whorls, outer tepals 3, inner tepals 2, alternate; flowers functionally male 2 – 3 × fascicle; hypanthium 1 – 1.2 mm long, hirtulous, turbinate, abruptly narrowed at the pedicel; outer tepals hirtulous, coriaceous, inner tepals glabrous, papery; tepals 1.2 – 1.5 mm long; stamens 6, 2 – 2.5 mm long, filaments filiform 2 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, trigonous, glabrous, style 3, 0.5 mm long; flowers functionally female not seen. Fruit acrosarcum, 9.5 – 10 mm long, 6 – 6.8 mm diameter, ovoid, apex obtuse, base rounded, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel, dark brown to black, glabrous; hypanthium accrescent, succulent, almost completely enclosing achene, tepals accrescent, appressed at the apex tuberculate of the achene; achene 7.5 – 8.5 mm long, 5.4 – 6.4 mm diameter, globose to ovoid, base rounded, apex tuberculate, depressed – pyramidal, slightly prominent, brown, smooth, glossy.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF954D622EE1F064FBEFF9EA.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet of this species is in honor to Jean de Turckheim, German lawyer, naturalist and botanical collector, who is the collector of the type. Phenology: — Flowers from May to September; and fruit from July to November.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF954D622EE1F064FBEFF9EA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — This species has a wide distribution in Mesoamerica, from Mexico (Veracruz and Chiapas) to Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama (Fig. 20 G). It inhabits seasonal savannas and seasonally dry forests. Provisional conservation status: — It is a species of wide distribution, therefore the estimate of the EOO is 639,608.72 km 2, within the threshold for Least Concern (LC) status under subcriterion B 1, and the AOO is estimated as 340 km 2, which is below the threshold for Endangered (EN) status under subcriterion B 2. There are 107 known occurrences of C. tuerckheimii representing more than 50 subpopulations. A large proportion of occurrences are located within protected natural areas and another large percentage are located outside these areas, living within or around vegetation fragmented to severely fragmented by urban growth and agriculture. According to the IUCN methodology (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024), if the EOO threshold is lower than the AOO threshold, the EOO should be set equal to the AOO to ensure consistency with the definition of AOO as an area within the EOO. Therefore, C. tuerckheimii is assigned a preliminary status of Endangered [EN B 2 ab (iii)]. Typification of Coccoloba tuerckheimii: — Coccoloba tuerckheimii was described by Smith (1904) citing specimen Tuerckheim 8493, however there are six sheets in different herbaria. Howard (1959 b) selected the syntype deposited in the GH herbarium as the isotype. According to the Art. 9.10 of ICN, Howard’s indication of “ isotype ” must be corrected to lectotype.	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
03BA0B6BFF954D622EE1F064FBEFF9EA.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BELICE. Cayo: Chiquibul, Monkey Tail, 16 ° 33 ʹN, 88 ° 51 ʹW, 550 m, 5 April 1994, Monro 1808 (BM); La Flor hunting camp on Rio la Flor, 6 miles south of Grano de Oro, 1700 – 2000 ft, 3 June 1973, Liesner 7845 (MO); Toledo: Maya Mountains, Blanden Nature Reserve. Upper Blanden Branch basin, Mukle Bal Tsul ruin, Holst 52420 (MO); Southwestern Maya Mountains, Columbia River Forest Reserve, 3 – 4 km E of Union Camp, 8 April 1992, Holst 4228 (MO); vicinity of Sapote Camp, c. 6.5 miles que west of Medina Bank, 800 – 1200 ft, 23 – 27 April 1976, Proctor 35950 (BM). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: along the Sarapiquí road, about 0.5 km south of Cariblanco, and along the bank of the Rio Cariblanco, 800 m, 4 November 1974, Hartshorn 1544 (MO); Cantón de Los Chiles R. N. V. S., Caño Negro, llanura de Guatuso. Caño Negro centro, 10 ° 54 ʹ 50 ʺN, 84 ° 46 ʹ 05 ʺW, 40 m, 24 June 1993, Martínez & Flores 169 (MO; CR); Cantón de San Carlos, 975 m, 1 March 1939, Smith H 1694 (MO); Cantón de Upala P. N. Guanacaste, Cordillera de Guanacaste, Estación San Ramón, sendero Argentina, 10 ° 52 ʹ 58 ʺN, 85 ° 24 ʹ 59 ʺW, 600 m, 12 November 1994, Espinosa 1187 (MO, CR); Reserva Forestal San Ramón, límite NE. 2 km por aire de las Rocas, 10 ° 17 ʹ 10 ʺN, 84 ° 35 ʹ 30 ʺW, 700 m, 11 December 1989, Gómez et al. 11857 (MO, CR); San Carlos, margen del Rio Peñas Blancas, a la altura de San Pedro, a la orilla del camino, 29 June 1985, Haber & Bello 1747 (BM, MO); Upala, Bijagua El Pilón, camino al Rio Celeste, 10 ° 42 ʹ 45 ʺN, 84 ° 59 ʹ 45 ʺW, 700 – 800 m, 5 July 1988, Herrera 1985 (MO, CR); Upala, Colonia Libertad 2 km al noroeste, Cuenca del Río Cucaracho, 450 m, 6 May 1988, Herrera 1968 (MO, CR); Guanacaste: área de Conservación Guanacaste Estación Pitilla, La Cruz, 10 ° 59 ʹ 26 ʺN, 85 ° 25 ʹ 40 ʺW, 700 m, 11 September 1990, Moraga 51 (MO, CR); Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja Sendero a San Jorge, límite este, cabecera de Quebrada Tapezco, 10 ° 45 ʹ 12 ʺN, 85 ° 17 ʹ 43 ʺW, 770 m, 12 June 1991, Rivera 1371 (MO, CR). Heredia: Cantón de Sarapiquí Rara Avis, ca. 15 km al suroeste de Horquetas, camino Levi, 10 ° 17´N, 84 ° 02´W, 400 m, 9 October 1989, Vargas 211 (MO, CR); Cantón de Sarapiquí, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo Cord. V. Central, Río Peje; pastizal al sur de la Estación El Ceibo, 10 ° 19 ʹ 45 ʺN, 84 ° 02 ʹ 10 ʺW, 500 m, 25 January 1990, Chávez 598 (MO, CR); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the Rio Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with Rio Sarapiqui, 100 m, 19 July 1996, Willbur 66221 (MO, DUKE); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the Rio Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with Rio Sarapiqui, hartshorn trail between Q. Saltito and steep rise to SW trail, 100 m, 2 August 1981, Hammel 11084 (MO, DUKE); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo Estación el Ceibo, bosque entre la Estación y el margen izquierda del Rio Peje, 10 ° 19 ʹ 45 ʺN, 84 ° 04 ʹ 50 ʺW, 500 m, 26 January 1990, Chacón 687 (MO, CR); Limón: Lomas de Sierpe 5 km noreste de la Aurora, Guápiles, cerca del Río Sierpe, bosque secundario alternando con bosque primario, en terreno llano, 10 ° 22 ʹN, 83 ° 31 ʹW, 30 m, 08 December 1988, Robles 2242 (MO, CR); Palacios, ca. 13 km W of Tortuguero village, on farm of Marvin Jiménez, 10 ° 30 ʹN, 83 ° 35 ʹW, 10 m, 20 February 1998, Thomsen 1647 (MO, CPH); Puntarenas: Cantón de Golfito R. F. Golfo Dulce, serranias de Golfito, estación Rio Bonito, 08 ° 41 ʹ 00 ʺN, 83 ° 13 ʹ 10 ʺW, 100 – 200 m, 19 March 1997, Fletes 454 (MO, IBN, CR); forested foothills of the mountains east of Quepos, Pacific Slope of the Talamanca Range, 09 ° 26 ʹN, 84 ° 03 ʹW, 150 – 250 m, 19 February 1977, Burger et al. 10604 (MO); San José: Cantón de Turrubares. R. B. Carara; cuenca del Río Grande de Tárcoles, Puesto Carara, Río Carara, bosque secundario cerca al puesto, 09 ° 46 ʹ 40 ʺN, 84 ° 32 ʹ 10 ʺW, 200 m, 1 April 1989, Hammel et al. 18897 (MO, CR); San Isidro de El General, Pérez Zeledón, Fila Tinamaste, Finca de los suizos, 09 ° 17 ʹ 54 ʺN, 83 ° 46 ʹ 20 ʺW, 700 m, 14 October 1997, Valverde et al. 312 (MO, CR); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 28 July 1984, Zamora & Elizondo 675 (MO, CR). GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: Panzas, along Río Polochic SE of Telemán road to Finca Mercedes, floodplain, 65 m, 4 September 1988, Stevens et al. 25405 (MO). Izabal: 3 km al S de Punta de Palma, Mpio. Pto. Barrios, 5 m, 9 September 1988, Martínez et al. 23604 (MO, MEXU). Petén: La Cumbre, in high forest east of km 139 / 140 of Cadenas road, 21 September 1960, Contreras 6175 (MO). HONDURAS. Atlántida: mountains slopes and coastal plants, vicinity of LaCeiba, 23 July 1938, Yuncker et al 8603 (MO). Santa Bárbara: Tiquitapa, near Quimistán, 3 August 1951, Howard et al. 560 (BM). MÉXICO. Chiapas: Mpio. Ocosingo, En El Tumbo sobre el camino Chancala – Monte Líbano, 700 m, 15 June 1986, Martínez & Soto 18642 (MO); Mpio. Ocosingo, Guerrero a 100 km al SE de Palenque camino 350 m, 27 June 1986, Martínez 19046 (MO). Veracruz, municipio Hidalgotitlán, Río Soloxuchi entre Hermanos Cedillo y la Escuadra, Brigada Vazquez 915 (XAL, MEXU); Municipio Minatitlán, T. Wendt et al. 4870 (XAL); Municipio Hidalgotitlán, Hermanos Cedillo / La Escuadra por el Río Soloxuchil, M. Vazquez et al. 948 (XAL). NICARAGUA. Chontales: cerro Oluma, remnant wet premontane forest near top of Cordillera Amerisque, 12 ° 18 ʹN, 85 ° 24 ʹW, 840 m, January 1984, Stevens et al. 43865 (MO); Río San Juan: between Río Santa Cruz and Cañón Santa Crucita, La Palma, 11 ° 2 – 4 ʹN, 84 ° 24 – 26 ʹW, 40 – 60 m, 30 November – 2 December 1984, Stevens 23420 (MO); Reserva Indio-Maíz, Municipio de El Castillo, a 5 km de la cabecera del Río Bartola, en dirección hacia el Cerro el Diablo, 11 ° 01 ʹN, 84 ° 14 ʹW, 100 m, 2 January 1997, Rueda et al. 5252 (MO, UNAN); Reserva Indio-Maíz, Municipio de El Castillo a lo largo del Cañón Chontaleño, 11 ° 09 ʹN, 84 ° 10 ʹW, 10 Junuary 1997, Rueda et al. 6197 (MO, UNAM); Rivas: Isla Ometepe, in Lago Nicaragua Volcán Maderas, north slope, Finca Argentina, coffee planctation, 600 m, 23 February 1978, Neill & Vincelli 3230 (MO); Isla Ometepe-Mérida, 11 ° 27 ʹN, 85 ° 32 ʹW, 700 – 800 m, 25 April 1984, Robleto 330 (MO, HNMN); Isla Ometepe, Volcán Maderas, cafetal “ Las Cuchillas ”, 11 ° 28 – 29 ʹN, 85 ° 29 – 30 ʹW, 200 – 300 m, 23 September 1984, Robleto 1243 (MO, HNMN); slopes of Volcán Maderas, above Balgüe, Isla Ometepe, 11 ° 27 ʹN, 85 ° 31 ʹW, 600 – 800 m, 15 September 1983, M. Nee & W. Robleto 28121 (MO). Zelaya: loc. Río Punta Gorda, en el Caño El Guineo, 11 November 1981, Tellez et al. 4905 (MO); 3 km N of RAMA, 10 December 1968, Hamblett 292 (MO); along Cañón Majagua, 13 ° 45 ʹN, 85 ° 00 ʹ 01 ʺW, 750 – 850 m, 10 – 11 March 1978, Stevens & Krukoff 6897 (MO); El Zapote, 6 km S de Colonia Verdún, 11 ° 34 ʹN, 84 ° 24 ʹW, 250 – 300 m, 17 August 1983, Sandino 4482 (MO, HNMN); municipio de Siuna, Comarca Ulí abajo, Alfaro, 100 – 200 m, 06 January 1982, Ortíz 541 (MO, HNMN); Reserva Bosawas, Municipio de Bónanza, a lo largo del, río Pispis, entre la desembocadura del río Kuabul y la presa hidroeléctrica Salto Grande, 11 ° 01 ʹN, 84 ° 37 ʹW, 23 January 1996, Rueda et al. 4027 (MO, UNAN); Río Punta Gorda, Atlanta, 2 km al S de Carolina del Sur, 11 ° 32 ʹN, 84 ° 01 ʹW, 60 m, 11 November 1981, Moreno & Sandino 12882 (MO); SW of Bluefields, from cemetery along road to new airstrip, 11 ° 59 ʹN, 83 ° 46 ʹW, 10 – 40 m, 2 – 3 April 1981, Stevens & Krukoff 19816 (MO). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro, Changuinola valley, 24 August 1923, V. C. Dunlap 181 (BM); Coclé: 7 km north of El Cope, near Rivera Sawmill, 700 – 850 m, 10 September 1977, Folson 5241 (MO); cerro Pilon, 2900 ft, spring ʹ 68, B. Lallathin 18 – 1 (MO); Panamá: 5 – 10 km NE of Altos de Pacora, 750 m, 6 March 1975, Mori & Kallunki 4942 (MO); high point of ridges S of Ipetí, 5 – 6 hours walk from Chocó Village, Serranía de Maje, 08 ° 45 ʹN, 77 ° 30 ʹW, 650 – 800 m, 31 March 1982, Knapp et al. 4522 (MO).	en	Ancona, Juan José, Ortiz-Díaz, Juan Javier, Gutiérrez-Alonso, Eduardo, Ledesma, Patricia Hernández (2025): A taxonomic revision of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae (Polygonaceae, Eriogonoideae). Phytotaxa 704 (2): 106-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.2.2
