taxonID	type	description	language	source
014E381EFF8DC53674805DD4FBA4F917.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Marine Coeloperix with an oval body shape, with a size of about 50 – 60 × 20 – 40 µm in vivo; four preoral and 15 postoral kineties, the latter of which comprising ten right kineties and five left kineties; cross-striated band (CSB) interrupted at posterior 1 / 4 of right margin; 14 or 15 nematodesmal rods; usually three finger-like tentacles on ventral side; macronucleus ellipsoidal; two contractile vacuoles diagonally located. Type materials: A protargol slide with the holotype was deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, with the registration number NHMUK 2016.3. 21.1. Another protargol slide with paratypes was deposited in Laboratory of Protozoa, Ocean University of China with the registration number FXP 08060904 - 02. Relevant specimens are marked by black ink circles on the coverslip. Type locality: A sand beach (36 ° 02 ′ 59 ″ N, 120 ° 21 ′ 40 ″ E) in Qingdao, China. Etymology: ‘ sinica ’ refers to the fact that the species was first discovered in China. Description: In vivo, cell about 50 – 60 × 25 – 40 µm in size. Body oval in outline with both ends broadly rounded; right margin convex, and widest portion at posterior 1 / 3 of body length (Fig. 2 A, D – F). Ventral side flat and dorsal side somewhat vaulted (Fig. 2 H). C-shaped CSB 3 – 4 µm wide, encircled cell perimeter but with a conspicuous gap in posterior 1 / 3 – 1 / 4 of right margin (Fig. 2 B, E, F, M). Extrusomes (or cortex granules?) granule-like, c. 0.5 µm long, densely spaced on dorsal side (Fig. 2 N). Cytostome prominent, positioned at anterior 1 / 3 of cell; cytopharynx 20 µm long, diagonally oriented, extending to posterior right and surrounded by 14 – 15 nematodesmal rods. Usually three finger-like protuberances (Fig. 2 A, D), each about 5 µm long, located in middle and posterior region of ventral side. Two contractile vacuoles diagonally located in anterior and posterior quarter, respectively (Fig. 2 K). A single macronucleus about 20 × 11 µm after staining, heteromerous and ellipsoidal, positioned in body centre. Micronucleus not detected. Cilia about 10 µm long. Movement by gliding on substrate. Somatic kineties divided into preoral and postoral regions at cytostome level. Consistently four preoral kineties, arched along anterior margin of cell (Fig. 2 C, J); 15 postoral rows composed by ten right kineties and five left kineties, and forming a suture posteriorly (Fig. 2 C, L). Two terminal fragments, one antero-dorsally positioned, composed of six kinetosomes (Fig. 2 B, M); the other on anterior left margin of cell, consisting three or four kinetosomes (Fig. 2 C). Equatorial fragment composed of about 13 kinetosomes, positioned next to rightmost postoral ciliary row (Fig. 2 I). Two contractile vacuole pores usually recognizable after protargol impregnation (Fig. 2 C, J). Perioral kineties comprising one anterior and two posterior rows, all composed by dikinetids and transversely positioned. Anterior row long, and parallel to posterior two (Fig. 2 C, J).	en	Pan, Hongbo, Jiang, Jiamei, Fan, Xinpeng, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Gao, Shan (2017): Phylogeny and taxonomy of five poorly known species of cyrtophorian ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea) from China Seas. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 475-492
014E381EFF8AC533753D5A14FA7FFE09.taxon	description	In the original description, Deroux (1976 b) mainly focused on the ciliary pattern and did not supply the characteristics of live cells. Therefore, based on his investigation and our new findings, an improved diagnosis is supplied in the current work. Improved diagnosis: Marine Atopochilodon, size about 30 – 40 × 20 – 30 µm in vivo; oval shape with two protrusions in anterior and posterior left margins, respectively; a glabrous region present between right kineties and left kineties; 14 – 16 somatic kineties comprising of eight to ten right kineties and six left kineties; four frontoventral kineties; terminal fragment loosely arranged; 12 or 13 nematodesmal rods; two diagonally positioned contractile vacuoles. Deposition of voucher slides: One voucher slide with protargol-stained specimens was deposited in Natural History Museum, London, with the registration number NHMUK 2016.3.21.2. Description: Cell about 30 – 40 × 20 – 30 µm in vivo. Body oval in outline, with two ends broadly rounded (Fig. 3 A, F – H, J, L). Right margin convex; two protrusions located in anterior and posterior portions of left margin (Fig. 3 F, J). Ventral side flat, and dorsal side slightly vaulted with rod-shaped ectosymbiotic bacteria sparsely arranged (Fig. 3 D, I). Cytostome located in anterior quarter of cell, surrounded by 12 – 13 nematodesmal rods. Cytoplasm colourless, containing several food vacuoles (c. 4 µm in diameter) and granules (2 – 3 µm in diameter; Fig. 3 K). Two contractile vacuoles, up to 2 µm in diameter, diagonally positioned in anterior and posterior third, respectively (Fig. 3 K). Macronucleus, ovoid and heteromerous, centrally located. Cilia 6 µm long; a glabrous region in middle of ventral side (Fig. 3 H), separating right kineties from left kineties. Movement by slow gliding on substrates. Sixteen somatic kineties, comprising ten right kineties and six left kineties, separated by a crescent-shaped glabrous region (Fig. 3 B, C, O). Rightmost four kineties surpassing cytostome and bending to left, with inner three interrupted by perioral kineties (Fig. 3 M). Equatorial fragment composed of zero to nine kinetosomes. Terminal fragment loosely arranged along anterior margin, comprising of five to seven kinetosomes (Fig. 3 C, N). Perioral kineties Y-shaped and completely composed of dikinetids (Fig. 3 B, C, M). SSU rRNA gene sequence: The SSU rRNA gene sequence of A. distichum has been deposited in the GenBank database with the accession number, length, and G + C content as follows: KT 461933, 1731 bp, and 42.98 %.	en	Pan, Hongbo, Jiang, Jiamei, Fan, Xinpeng, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Gao, Shan (2017): Phylogeny and taxonomy of five poorly known species of cyrtophorian ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea) from China Seas. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 475-492
014E381EFF89C53D77685952FD4FFE6D.taxon	description	(FIGS 4, 5; TABLE 2) Because the ciliary pattern of C. rectus is unavailable in previous studies, we supply an improved diagnosis here. Improved diagnosis: Medium Chlamydodon species; 70 – 110 × 40 – 50 µm in vivo with an ovoid or reniform shape; a continuous CSB; 30 – 38 somatic kineties, containing 10 – 16 right, four postoral, and 15 – 19 left kineties; mostly five terminal fragments; eight to ten contractile vacuoles; 16 – 22 nematodesmal rods. Deposition of voucher slides: One voucher slide with protargol-stained specimens was deposited in Natural History Museum, London, with the registration number NHMUK 2016.3.21.3. Description: Cell size about 95 – 110 × 40 – 50 µm in vivo. Body ovoid or reniform in outline with anterior end broadly rounded and posterior end somewhat tapered (Figs 4 A, C, 5 A – D). Right margin convex and left margin sigmoidal. CSB encircled cell perimeter, c. 2.5 µm in width (Fig. 5 G). Cell containing lots of tiny yellow granules in middle of cell (Fig. 5 G) and several diatoms when collected (Figs 4 B, 5 J, K), which renders cytoplasm somewhat yellowish; but after maintained in lab for 24 h, it turning greyish or colourless. One small patch-like orange pigment spot positioned at anterior left of cell (Fig. 5 G). Cytostome located at anterior quarter of cell and surrounded by 16 – 21 nematodesmal rods (Fig. 5 E). About ten contractile vacuoles, 3 – 5 µm in diameter, irregularly distributed in ventral side (Figs 4 A, 5 A, G). Single ellipsoidal macronucleus (Fig. 5 G), centrally located, about 28 × 20 µm in vivo. Cilia 7 µm long. Totally 31 – 38 somatic kineties in ventral side, consisting of 10 – 16 right kineties, four postoral kineties, and 15 – 19 left kineties (Figs 4 E, 5 F, I). Equatorial fragment undetected. Four to eight (mostly five) terminal fragments arranged along anterior end of rightmost somatic kinety (Figs 4 F, 5 H). Oral ciliature typical of genus (Figs 4 D, E, 5 F): two parallel circumoral kineties with inner one relatively short; single preoral kinety commencing at middle of outer circumoral kinety and extending leftward to midpoint of anterior suture. Single circle of kinetosomeslike dots around cyrtos detected after protargol staining. SSU rRNA gene sequence: The SSU rRNA gene sequence of C. rectus has been deposited in the GenBank database with the accession number, length, and G + C content as follows: KT 461932, 1517 bp, and 46.61 %.	en	Pan, Hongbo, Jiang, Jiamei, Fan, Xinpeng, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Gao, Shan (2017): Phylogeny and taxonomy of five poorly known species of cyrtophorian ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea) from China Seas. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 475-492
014E381EFF87C53C74945914FEF4FE48.taxon	description	Description of the Chinese population: Cell size about 30 – 45 × 15 – 25 µm in vivo. Outline ovoid or reniform with both ends blunt rounded (Fig. 6 A, D, E, G, H). Cytostome located in anterior quarter of cell, surrounded by about six nematodesmal rods. Two contractile vacuoles, 3 – 4 µm in diameter, diagonally positioned at anterior and posterior third of cell, and alternately contracting (Fig. 6 K). Single macronucleus ellipsoid, 14 × 9 µm in size, centrally heteromerous. Totally ten somatic kineties, comprising of invariably five right and five left kineties (Fig. 6 B, E, F, J). Equatorial fragment usually undetectable, if detected, comprising up to four kinetosomes (Fig. 6 J). Terminal fragment apically located, composed of two to four kinetosomes (Fig. 6 C, L). Oral ciliature composed of two circumoral and one preoral kineties. Preoral kinety continuous (Fig. 6 B, F, J), but seldom segmented (only detected in one out of 25 individuals; Fig. 6 M).	en	Pan, Hongbo, Jiang, Jiamei, Fan, Xinpeng, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Gao, Shan (2017): Phylogeny and taxonomy of five poorly known species of cyrtophorian ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea) from China Seas. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 475-492
